Re: [PATCH v4 04/38] perf: Add a EVENT_GUEST flag

["Liang, Kan" <kan.liang@linux.intel.com>]

On 2025-05-19 2:58 a.m., Namhyung Kim wrote:
> Hello,
> 
> On Mon, Mar 24, 2025 at 05:30:44PM +0000, Mingwei Zhang wrote:
>> From: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com>
>>
>> Current perf doesn't explicitly schedule out all exclude_guest events
>> while the guest is running. There is no problem with the current
>> emulated vPMU. Because perf owns all the PMU counters. It can mask the
>> counter which is assigned to an exclude_guest event when a guest is
>> running (Intel way), or set the corresponding HOSTONLY bit in evsentsel
>> (AMD way). The counter doesn't count when a guest is running.
>>
>> However, either way doesn't work with the introduced passthrough vPMU.
>> A guest owns all the PMU counters when it's running. The host should not
>> mask any counters. The counter may be used by the guest. The evsentsel
>> may be overwritten.
>>
>> Perf should explicitly schedule out all exclude_guest events to release
>> the PMU resources when entering a guest, and resume the counting when
>> exiting the guest.
>>
>> It's possible that an exclude_guest event is created when a guest is
>> running. The new event should not be scheduled in as well.
>>
>> The ctx time is shared among different PMUs. The time cannot be stopped
>> when a guest is running. It is required to calculate the time for events
>> from other PMUs, e.g., uncore events. Add timeguest to track the guest
>> run time. For an exclude_guest event, the elapsed time equals
>> the ctx time - guest time.
>> Cgroup has dedicated times. Use the same method to deduct the guest time
>> from the cgroup time as well.
>>
>> Co-developed-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
>> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
>> Signed-off-by: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com>
>> Signed-off-by: Mingwei Zhang <mizhang@google.com>
>> ---
>>  include/linux/perf_event.h |   6 ++
>>  kernel/events/core.c       | 209 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
>>  2 files changed, 169 insertions(+), 46 deletions(-)
>>
>> diff --git a/include/linux/perf_event.h b/include/linux/perf_event.h
>> index a2fd1bdc955c..7bda1e20be12 100644
>> --- a/include/linux/perf_event.h
>> +++ b/include/linux/perf_event.h
>> @@ -999,6 +999,11 @@ struct perf_event_context {
>>  	 */
>>  	struct perf_time_ctx		time;
>>  
>> +	/*
>> +	 * Context clock, runs when in the guest mode.
>> +	 */
>> +	struct perf_time_ctx		timeguest;
> 
> Why not make it an array as you use it later?

Do you mean
struct perf_time_ctx	times[2]?

I don't see a big benefit of using times[T_GUEST] VS.timeguest.

> 
>> +
>>  	/*
>>  	 * These fields let us detect when two contexts have both
>>  	 * been cloned (inherited) from a common ancestor.
>> @@ -1089,6 +1094,7 @@ struct bpf_perf_event_data_kern {
>>   */
>>  struct perf_cgroup_info {
>>  	struct perf_time_ctx		time;
>> +	struct perf_time_ctx		timeguest;
>>  	int				active;
>>  };
>>  
>> diff --git a/kernel/events/core.c b/kernel/events/core.c
>> index e38c8b5e8086..7a2115b2c5c1 100644
>> --- a/kernel/events/core.c
>> +++ b/kernel/events/core.c
>> @@ -163,7 +163,8 @@ enum event_type_t {
>>  	/* see ctx_resched() for details */
>>  	EVENT_CPU	= 0x10,
>>  	EVENT_CGROUP	= 0x20,
>> -	EVENT_FLAGS	= EVENT_CGROUP,
>> +	EVENT_GUEST	= 0x40,
> 
> It's not clear to me if this flag is for events to include guests or
> exclude them.  Can you please add a comment?
> 

/*
 * There are guest events. The for_each_epc() iteration can
 * skip those PMUs which doesn't support guest events via the
 * MEDIATED_VPMU. It is also used to indicate the start/end of
 * guest events to calculate the guest running time.
 */

Thanks,
Kan

> Thanks,
> Namhyung
> 
> 
>> +	EVENT_FLAGS	= EVENT_CGROUP | EVENT_GUEST,
>>  	/* compound helpers */
>>  	EVENT_ALL         = EVENT_FLEXIBLE | EVENT_PINNED,
>>  	EVENT_TIME_FROZEN = EVENT_TIME | EVENT_FROZEN,
>> @@ -435,6 +436,7 @@ static atomic_t nr_include_guest_events __read_mostly;
>>  
>>  static atomic_t nr_mediated_pmu_vms;
>>  static DEFINE_MUTEX(perf_mediated_pmu_mutex);
>> +static DEFINE_PER_CPU(bool, perf_in_guest);
>>  
>>  /* !exclude_guest event of PMU with PERF_PMU_CAP_MEDIATED_VPMU */
>>  static inline bool is_include_guest_event(struct perf_event *event)
>> @@ -738,6 +740,9 @@ static bool perf_skip_pmu_ctx(struct perf_event_pmu_context *pmu_ctx,
>>  {
>>  	if ((event_type & EVENT_CGROUP) && !pmu_ctx->nr_cgroups)
>>  		return true;
>> +	if ((event_type & EVENT_GUEST) &&
>> +	    !(pmu_ctx->pmu->capabilities & PERF_PMU_CAP_MEDIATED_VPMU))
>> +		return true;
>>  	return false;
>>  }
>>  
>> @@ -788,6 +793,39 @@ static inline void update_perf_time_ctx(struct perf_time_ctx *time, u64 now, boo
>>  	WRITE_ONCE(time->offset, time->time - time->stamp);
>>  }
>>  
>> +static_assert(offsetof(struct perf_event_context, timeguest) -
>> +	      offsetof(struct perf_event_context, time) ==
>> +	      sizeof(struct perf_time_ctx));
>> +
>> +#define T_TOTAL		0
>> +#define T_GUEST		1
>> +
>> +static inline u64 __perf_event_time_ctx(struct perf_event *event,
>> +					struct perf_time_ctx *times)
>> +{
>> +	u64 time = times[T_TOTAL].time;
>> +
>> +	if (event->attr.exclude_guest)
>> +		time -= times[T_GUEST].time;
>> +
>> +	return time;
>> +}
>> +
>> +static inline u64 __perf_event_time_ctx_now(struct perf_event *event,
>> +					    struct perf_time_ctx *times,
>> +					    u64 now)
>> +{
>> +	if (event->attr.exclude_guest && __this_cpu_read(perf_in_guest)) {
>> +		/*
>> +		 * (now + times[total].offset) - (now + times[guest].offset) :=
>> +		 * times[total].offset - times[guest].offset
>> +		 */
>> +		return READ_ONCE(times[T_TOTAL].offset) - READ_ONCE(times[T_GUEST].offset);
>> +	}
>> +
>> +	return now + READ_ONCE(times[T_TOTAL].offset);
>> +}
>> +
>>  #ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_PERF
>>  
>>  static inline bool
>> @@ -824,12 +862,16 @@ static inline int is_cgroup_event(struct perf_event *event)
>>  	return event->cgrp != NULL;
>>  }
>>  
>> +static_assert(offsetof(struct perf_cgroup_info, timeguest) -
>> +	      offsetof(struct perf_cgroup_info, time) ==
>> +	      sizeof(struct perf_time_ctx));
>> +
>>  static inline u64 perf_cgroup_event_time(struct perf_event *event)
>>  {
>>  	struct perf_cgroup_info *t;
>>  
>>  	t = per_cpu_ptr(event->cgrp->info, event->cpu);
>> -	return t->time.time;
>> +	return __perf_event_time_ctx(event, &t->time);
>>  }
>>  
>>  static inline u64 perf_cgroup_event_time_now(struct perf_event *event, u64 now)
>> @@ -838,9 +880,21 @@ static inline u64 perf_cgroup_event_time_now(struct perf_event *event, u64 now)
>>  
>>  	t = per_cpu_ptr(event->cgrp->info, event->cpu);
>>  	if (!__load_acquire(&t->active))
>> -		return t->time.time;
>> -	now += READ_ONCE(t->time.offset);
>> -	return now;
>> +		return __perf_event_time_ctx(event, &t->time);
>> +
>> +	return __perf_event_time_ctx_now(event, &t->time, now);
>> +}
>> +
>> +static inline void __update_cgrp_guest_time(struct perf_cgroup_info *info, u64 now, bool adv)
>> +{
>> +	update_perf_time_ctx(&info->timeguest, now, adv);
>> +}
>> +
>> +static inline void update_cgrp_time(struct perf_cgroup_info *info, u64 now)
>> +{
>> +	update_perf_time_ctx(&info->time, now, true);
>> +	if (__this_cpu_read(perf_in_guest))
>> +		__update_cgrp_guest_time(info, now, true);
>>  }
>>  
>>  static inline void update_cgrp_time_from_cpuctx(struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx, bool final)
>> @@ -856,7 +910,7 @@ static inline void update_cgrp_time_from_cpuctx(struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx,
>>  			cgrp = container_of(css, struct perf_cgroup, css);
>>  			info = this_cpu_ptr(cgrp->info);
>>  
>> -			update_perf_time_ctx(&info->time, now, true);
>> +			update_cgrp_time(info, now);
>>  			if (final)
>>  				__store_release(&info->active, 0);
>>  		}
>> @@ -879,11 +933,11 @@ static inline void update_cgrp_time_from_event(struct perf_event *event)
>>  	 * Do not update time when cgroup is not active
>>  	 */
>>  	if (info->active)
>> -		update_perf_time_ctx(&info->time, perf_clock(), true);
>> +		update_cgrp_time(info, perf_clock());
>>  }
>>  
>>  static inline void
>> -perf_cgroup_set_timestamp(struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx)
>> +perf_cgroup_set_timestamp(struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx, bool guest)
>>  {
>>  	struct perf_event_context *ctx = &cpuctx->ctx;
>>  	struct perf_cgroup *cgrp = cpuctx->cgrp;
>> @@ -903,8 +957,12 @@ perf_cgroup_set_timestamp(struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx)
>>  	for (css = &cgrp->css; css; css = css->parent) {
>>  		cgrp = container_of(css, struct perf_cgroup, css);
>>  		info = this_cpu_ptr(cgrp->info);
>> -		update_perf_time_ctx(&info->time, ctx->time.stamp, false);
>> -		__store_release(&info->active, 1);
>> +		if (guest) {
>> +			__update_cgrp_guest_time(info, ctx->time.stamp, false);
>> +		} else {
>> +			update_perf_time_ctx(&info->time, ctx->time.stamp, false);
>> +			__store_release(&info->active, 1);
>> +		}
>>  	}
>>  }
>>  
>> @@ -1104,7 +1162,7 @@ static inline int perf_cgroup_connect(pid_t pid, struct perf_event *event,
>>  }
>>  
>>  static inline void
>> -perf_cgroup_set_timestamp(struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx)
>> +perf_cgroup_set_timestamp(struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx, bool guest)
>>  {
>>  }
>>  
>> @@ -1514,16 +1572,24 @@ static void perf_unpin_context(struct perf_event_context *ctx)
>>   */
>>  static void __update_context_time(struct perf_event_context *ctx, bool adv)
>>  {
>> -	u64 now = perf_clock();
>> +	lockdep_assert_held(&ctx->lock);
>> +
>> +	update_perf_time_ctx(&ctx->time, perf_clock(), adv);
>> +}
>>  
>> +static void __update_context_guest_time(struct perf_event_context *ctx, bool adv)
>> +{
>>  	lockdep_assert_held(&ctx->lock);
>>  
>> -	update_perf_time_ctx(&ctx->time, now, adv);
>> +	/* must be called after __update_context_time(); */
>> +	update_perf_time_ctx(&ctx->timeguest, ctx->time.stamp, adv);
>>  }
>>  
>>  static void update_context_time(struct perf_event_context *ctx)
>>  {
>>  	__update_context_time(ctx, true);
>> +	if (__this_cpu_read(perf_in_guest))
>> +		__update_context_guest_time(ctx, true);
>>  }
>>  
>>  static u64 perf_event_time(struct perf_event *event)
>> @@ -1536,7 +1602,7 @@ static u64 perf_event_time(struct perf_event *event)
>>  	if (is_cgroup_event(event))
>>  		return perf_cgroup_event_time(event);
>>  
>> -	return ctx->time.time;
>> +	return __perf_event_time_ctx(event, &ctx->time);
>>  }
>>  
>>  static u64 perf_event_time_now(struct perf_event *event, u64 now)
>> @@ -1550,10 +1616,9 @@ static u64 perf_event_time_now(struct perf_event *event, u64 now)
>>  		return perf_cgroup_event_time_now(event, now);
>>  
>>  	if (!(__load_acquire(&ctx->is_active) & EVENT_TIME))
>> -		return ctx->time.time;
>> +		return __perf_event_time_ctx(event, &ctx->time);
>>  
>> -	now += READ_ONCE(ctx->time.offset);
>> -	return now;
>> +	return __perf_event_time_ctx_now(event, &ctx->time, now);
>>  }
>>  
>>  static enum event_type_t get_event_type(struct perf_event *event)
>> @@ -2384,20 +2449,23 @@ group_sched_out(struct perf_event *group_event, struct perf_event_context *ctx)
>>  }
>>  
>>  static inline void
>> -__ctx_time_update(struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx, struct perf_event_context *ctx, bool final)
>> +__ctx_time_update(struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx, struct perf_event_context *ctx,
>> +		  bool final, enum event_type_t event_type)
>>  {
>>  	if (ctx->is_active & EVENT_TIME) {
>>  		if (ctx->is_active & EVENT_FROZEN)
>>  			return;
>> +
>>  		update_context_time(ctx);
>> -		update_cgrp_time_from_cpuctx(cpuctx, final);
>> +		/* vPMU should not stop time */
>> +		update_cgrp_time_from_cpuctx(cpuctx, !(event_type & EVENT_GUEST) && final);
>>  	}
>>  }
>>  
>>  static inline void
>>  ctx_time_update(struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx, struct perf_event_context *ctx)
>>  {
>> -	__ctx_time_update(cpuctx, ctx, false);
>> +	__ctx_time_update(cpuctx, ctx, false, 0);
>>  }
>>  
>>  /*
>> @@ -3405,7 +3473,7 @@ ctx_sched_out(struct perf_event_context *ctx, struct pmu *pmu, enum event_type_t
>>  	 *
>>  	 * would only update time for the pinned events.
>>  	 */
>> -	__ctx_time_update(cpuctx, ctx, ctx == &cpuctx->ctx);
>> +	__ctx_time_update(cpuctx, ctx, ctx == &cpuctx->ctx, event_type);
>>  
>>  	/*
>>  	 * CPU-release for the below ->is_active store,
>> @@ -3431,7 +3499,18 @@ ctx_sched_out(struct perf_event_context *ctx, struct pmu *pmu, enum event_type_t
>>  			cpuctx->task_ctx = NULL;
>>  	}
>>  
>> -	is_active ^= ctx->is_active; /* changed bits */
>> +	if (event_type & EVENT_GUEST) {
>> +		/*
>> +		 * Schedule out all exclude_guest events of PMU
>> +		 * with PERF_PMU_CAP_MEDIATED_VPMU.
>> +		 */
>> +		is_active = EVENT_ALL;
>> +		__update_context_guest_time(ctx, false);
>> +		perf_cgroup_set_timestamp(cpuctx, true);
>> +		barrier();
>> +	} else {
>> +		is_active ^= ctx->is_active; /* changed bits */
>> +	}
>>  
>>  	for_each_epc(pmu_ctx, ctx, pmu, event_type)
>>  		__pmu_ctx_sched_out(pmu_ctx, is_active);
>> @@ -3926,10 +4005,15 @@ static inline void group_update_userpage(struct perf_event *group_event)
>>  		event_update_userpage(event);
>>  }
>>  
>> +struct merge_sched_data {
>> +	int can_add_hw;
>> +	enum event_type_t event_type;
>> +};
>> +
>>  static int merge_sched_in(struct perf_event *event, void *data)
>>  {
>>  	struct perf_event_context *ctx = event->ctx;
>> -	int *can_add_hw = data;
>> +	struct merge_sched_data *msd = data;
>>  
>>  	if (event->state <= PERF_EVENT_STATE_OFF)
>>  		return 0;
>> @@ -3937,13 +4021,22 @@ static int merge_sched_in(struct perf_event *event, void *data)
>>  	if (!event_filter_match(event))
>>  		return 0;
>>  
>> -	if (group_can_go_on(event, *can_add_hw)) {
>> +	/*
>> +	 * Don't schedule in any host events from PMU with
>> +	 * PERF_PMU_CAP_MEDIATED_VPMU, while a guest is running.
>> +	 */
>> +	if (__this_cpu_read(perf_in_guest) &&
>> +	    event->pmu_ctx->pmu->capabilities & PERF_PMU_CAP_MEDIATED_VPMU &&
>> +	    !(msd->event_type & EVENT_GUEST))
>> +		return 0;
>> +
>> +	if (group_can_go_on(event, msd->can_add_hw)) {
>>  		if (!group_sched_in(event, ctx))
>>  			list_add_tail(&event->active_list, get_event_list(event));
>>  	}
>>  
>>  	if (event->state == PERF_EVENT_STATE_INACTIVE) {
>> -		*can_add_hw = 0;
>> +		msd->can_add_hw = 0;
>>  		if (event->attr.pinned) {
>>  			perf_cgroup_event_disable(event, ctx);
>>  			perf_event_set_state(event, PERF_EVENT_STATE_ERROR);
>> @@ -3962,11 +4055,15 @@ static int merge_sched_in(struct perf_event *event, void *data)
>>  
>>  static void pmu_groups_sched_in(struct perf_event_context *ctx,
>>  				struct perf_event_groups *groups,
>> -				struct pmu *pmu)
>> +				struct pmu *pmu,
>> +				enum event_type_t event_type)
>>  {
>> -	int can_add_hw = 1;
>> +	struct merge_sched_data msd = {
>> +		.can_add_hw = 1,
>> +		.event_type = event_type,
>> +	};
>>  	visit_groups_merge(ctx, groups, smp_processor_id(), pmu,
>> -			   merge_sched_in, &can_add_hw);
>> +			   merge_sched_in, &msd);
>>  }
>>  
>>  static void __pmu_ctx_sched_in(struct perf_event_pmu_context *pmu_ctx,
>> @@ -3975,9 +4072,9 @@ static void __pmu_ctx_sched_in(struct perf_event_pmu_context *pmu_ctx,
>>  	struct perf_event_context *ctx = pmu_ctx->ctx;
>>  
>>  	if (event_type & EVENT_PINNED)
>> -		pmu_groups_sched_in(ctx, &ctx->pinned_groups, pmu_ctx->pmu);
>> +		pmu_groups_sched_in(ctx, &ctx->pinned_groups, pmu_ctx->pmu, event_type);
>>  	if (event_type & EVENT_FLEXIBLE)
>> -		pmu_groups_sched_in(ctx, &ctx->flexible_groups, pmu_ctx->pmu);
>> +		pmu_groups_sched_in(ctx, &ctx->flexible_groups, pmu_ctx->pmu, event_type);
>>  }
>>  
>>  static void
>> @@ -3994,9 +4091,11 @@ ctx_sched_in(struct perf_event_context *ctx, struct pmu *pmu, enum event_type_t
>>  		return;
>>  
>>  	if (!(is_active & EVENT_TIME)) {
>> +		/* EVENT_TIME should be active while the guest runs */
>> +		WARN_ON_ONCE(event_type & EVENT_GUEST);
>>  		/* start ctx time */
>>  		__update_context_time(ctx, false);
>> -		perf_cgroup_set_timestamp(cpuctx);
>> +		perf_cgroup_set_timestamp(cpuctx, false);
>>  		/*
>>  		 * CPU-release for the below ->is_active store,
>>  		 * see __load_acquire() in perf_event_time_now()
>> @@ -4012,7 +4111,23 @@ ctx_sched_in(struct perf_event_context *ctx, struct pmu *pmu, enum event_type_t
>>  			WARN_ON_ONCE(cpuctx->task_ctx != ctx);
>>  	}
>>  
>> -	is_active ^= ctx->is_active; /* changed bits */
>> +	if (event_type & EVENT_GUEST) {
>> +		/*
>> +		 * Schedule in the required exclude_guest events of PMU
>> +		 * with PERF_PMU_CAP_MEDIATED_VPMU.
>> +		 */
>> +		is_active = event_type & EVENT_ALL;
>> +
>> +		/*
>> +		 * Update ctx time to set the new start time for
>> +		 * the exclude_guest events.
>> +		 */
>> +		update_context_time(ctx);
>> +		update_cgrp_time_from_cpuctx(cpuctx, false);
>> +		barrier();
>> +	} else {
>> +		is_active ^= ctx->is_active; /* changed bits */
>> +	}
>>  
>>  	/*
>>  	 * First go through the list and put on any pinned groups
>> @@ -4020,13 +4135,13 @@ ctx_sched_in(struct perf_event_context *ctx, struct pmu *pmu, enum event_type_t
>>  	 */
>>  	if (is_active & EVENT_PINNED) {
>>  		for_each_epc(pmu_ctx, ctx, pmu, event_type)
>> -			__pmu_ctx_sched_in(pmu_ctx, EVENT_PINNED);
>> +			__pmu_ctx_sched_in(pmu_ctx, EVENT_PINNED | (event_type & EVENT_GUEST));
>>  	}
>>  
>>  	/* Then walk through the lower prio flexible groups */
>>  	if (is_active & EVENT_FLEXIBLE) {
>>  		for_each_epc(pmu_ctx, ctx, pmu, event_type)
>> -			__pmu_ctx_sched_in(pmu_ctx, EVENT_FLEXIBLE);
>> +			__pmu_ctx_sched_in(pmu_ctx, EVENT_FLEXIBLE | (event_type & EVENT_GUEST));
>>  	}
>>  }
>>  
>> @@ -6285,23 +6400,25 @@ void perf_event_update_userpage(struct perf_event *event)
>>  	if (!rb)
>>  		goto unlock;
>>  
>> -	/*
>> -	 * compute total_time_enabled, total_time_running
>> -	 * based on snapshot values taken when the event
>> -	 * was last scheduled in.
>> -	 *
>> -	 * we cannot simply called update_context_time()
>> -	 * because of locking issue as we can be called in
>> -	 * NMI context
>> -	 */
>> -	calc_timer_values(event, &now, &enabled, &running);
>> -
>> -	userpg = rb->user_page;
>>  	/*
>>  	 * Disable preemption to guarantee consistent time stamps are stored to
>>  	 * the user page.
>>  	 */
>>  	preempt_disable();
>> +
>> +	/*
>> +	 * compute total_time_enabled, total_time_running
>> +	 * based on snapshot values taken when the event
>> +	 * was last scheduled in.
>> +	 *
>> +	 * we cannot simply called update_context_time()
>> +	 * because of locking issue as we can be called in
>> +	 * NMI context
>> +	 */
>> +	calc_timer_values(event, &now, &enabled, &running);
>> +
>> +	userpg = rb->user_page;
>> +
>>  	++userpg->lock;
>>  	barrier();
>>  	userpg->index = perf_event_index(event);
>> -- 
>> 2.49.0.395.g12beb8f557-goog
>>
>