Re: [PATCH v4] mm/hugetlb_cma: support percentage-based hugetlb_cma reservation

[Usama Arif <usama.arif@linux.dev>]

On 06/08/2026 09:56, Sourav Panda wrote:
> Currently, hugetlb_cma reservation only supports absolute sizes (e.g.,
> hugetlb_cma=2G or hugetlb_cma=0:1G,1:1G). This can be restrictive in
> heterogeneous environments or when deploying common kernel command lines
> across machines with different memory capacities.
> 
> Add support for percentage-based hugetlb_cma reservation (e.g.,
> hugetlb_cma=20% or hugetlb_cma=0:20%,1:10%).
> 
> The percentage is calculated against the total memory (for global
> settings) or against the node-specific memory (for node-specific
> settings) using memblock APIs during early boot.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Sourav Panda <souravpanda@google.com>
> ---
> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20260729163148.3271755-1-souravpanda@google.com/ [v3]
> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20260628190155.3655895-1-souravpanda@google.com/ [v2]
> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20260625215900.2151690-1-souravpanda@google.com/ [v1]
> 
> v4:
> - Clear global hugetlb_cma_percent and hugetlb_cma_size when node-specific parameters are parsed so the last command line configuration wins (Usama Arif).
> - Warn when ALIGN_DOWN rounds down a non-zero percentage-derived reservation size to 0 MiB (Usama Arif).
> 
> v3:
> - Enhance pr_info logs to explicitly show percentage-derived sizes per Andrew Morton"s suggestions.
> - Explicitly align percentage-derived sizes down to the gigantic page size to prevent allocation failures (Usama Arif).
> 
>  .../admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt         |   7 +-
>  mm/hugetlb_cma.c                              | 141 +++++++++++++++++-
>  2 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
> index 5a05b48d1684..846940ce2858 100644
> --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
> +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
> @@ -2064,8 +2064,11 @@ Kernel parameters
>  	hugetlb_cma=	[HW,CMA,EARLY] The size of a CMA area used for allocation
>  			of gigantic hugepages. Or using node format, the size
>  			of a CMA area per node can be specified.
> -			Format: nn[KMGTPE] or (node format)
> -				<node>:nn[KMGTPE][,<node>:nn[KMGTPE]]
> +			The size can be an absolute value (e.g., 2G) or a
> +			percentage of the total memory or node memory (e.g., 20%).

I think it would be good to add something like below in the doc as well:

Percentage-derived sizes are rounded down to a multiple of the
architecture's gigantic hugepage size and may become zero.


And thanks for the patch! This is very useful to have in a heterogeneous fleet.

Acked-by: Usama Arif <usama.arif@linux.dev>


> +			Format: nn[KMGTPE] or nn% or (node format)
> +				<node>:nn[KMGTPE][,<node>:nn[KMGTPE]] or
> +				<node>:nn%[,<node>:nn%]
>  
>  			Reserve a CMA area of given size and allocate gigantic
>  			hugepages using the CMA allocator. If enabled, the
> diff --git a/mm/hugetlb_cma.c b/mm/hugetlb_cma.c
> index 7693ccefd0c6..2ca014a0a3b8 100644
> --- a/mm/hugetlb_cma.c
> +++ b/mm/hugetlb_cma.c
> @@ -9,6 +9,9 @@
>  #include <asm/setup.h>
>  
>  #include <linux/hugetlb.h>
> +#include <linux/memblock.h>
> +#include <linux/math.h>
> +#include <linux/math64.h>
>  #include "internal.h"
>  #include "hugetlb_cma.h"
>  
> @@ -18,6 +21,28 @@ static unsigned long hugetlb_cma_size_in_node[MAX_NUMNODES] __initdata;
>  static bool hugetlb_cma_only __ro_after_init;
>  static unsigned long hugetlb_cma_size __ro_after_init;
>  
> +static unsigned int hugetlb_cma_percent __initdata;
> +static unsigned int hugetlb_cma_percent_in_node[MAX_NUMNODES] __initdata;
> +
> +#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
> +static phys_addr_t __init memblock_node_memory_size(int nid)
> +{
> +	struct memblock_region *reg;
> +	phys_addr_t size = 0;
> +
> +	for_each_mem_region(reg) {
> +		if (reg->nid == nid)
> +			size += reg->size;
> +	}
> +	return size;
> +}
> +#else
> +static phys_addr_t __init memblock_node_memory_size(int nid)
> +{
> +	return memblock_phys_mem_size();
> +}
> +#endif
> +
>  void hugetlb_cma_free_frozen_folio(struct folio *folio)
>  {
>  	WARN_ON_ONCE(!cma_release_frozen(hugetlb_cma[folio_nid(folio)],
> @@ -100,14 +125,31 @@ static int __init cmdline_parse_hugetlb_cma(char *p)
>  			break;
>  
>  		if (s[count] == ':') {
> +			char *next;
> +
>  			if (tmp >= MAX_NUMNODES)
>  				break;
>  			nid = array_index_nospec(tmp, MAX_NUMNODES);
>  
> +			hugetlb_cma_size = 0;
> +			hugetlb_cma_percent = 0;
> +
>  			s += count + 1;
> -			tmp = memparse(s, &s);
> -			hugetlb_cma_size_in_node[nid] = tmp;
> -			hugetlb_cma_size += tmp;
> +			tmp = memparse(s, &next);
> +			if (*next == '%') {
> +				if (tmp > 100) {
> +					pr_warn("hugetlb_cma: invalid percentage %lu for node %d\n",
> +						tmp, nid);
> +					break;
> +				}
> +				hugetlb_cma_percent_in_node[nid] = tmp;
> +				hugetlb_cma_size_in_node[nid] = 0;
> +				s = next + 1;
> +			} else {
> +				hugetlb_cma_size_in_node[nid] = tmp;
> +				hugetlb_cma_percent_in_node[nid] = 0;
> +				s = next;
> +			}
>  
>  			/*
>  			 * Skip the separator if have one, otherwise
> @@ -118,7 +160,28 @@ static int __init cmdline_parse_hugetlb_cma(char *p)
>  			else
>  				break;
>  		} else {
> -			hugetlb_cma_size = memparse(p, &p);
> +			char *next;
> +
> +			tmp = memparse(p, &next);
> +			if (*next == '%') {
> +				if (tmp > 100) {
> +					pr_warn("hugetlb_cma: invalid percentage %lu\n", tmp);
> +				} else {
> +					hugetlb_cma_percent = tmp;
> +					hugetlb_cma_size = 0;
> +					for (nid = 0; nid < MAX_NUMNODES; nid++) {
> +						hugetlb_cma_size_in_node[nid] = 0;
> +						hugetlb_cma_percent_in_node[nid] = 0;
> +					}
> +				}
> +			} else {
> +				hugetlb_cma_size = tmp;
> +				hugetlb_cma_percent = 0;
> +				for (nid = 0; nid < MAX_NUMNODES; nid++) {
> +					hugetlb_cma_size_in_node[nid] = 0;
> +					hugetlb_cma_percent_in_node[nid] = 0;
> +				}
> +			}
>  			break;
>  		}
>  	}
> @@ -144,8 +207,36 @@ void __init hugetlb_cma_reserve(void)
>  {
>  	unsigned long size, reserved, per_node, order;
>  	bool node_specific_cma_alloc = false;
> +	bool has_node_specific_param = false;
>  	int nid;
>  
> +	for (nid = 0; nid < MAX_NUMNODES; nid++) {
> +		if (hugetlb_cma_size_in_node[nid] || hugetlb_cma_percent_in_node[nid]) {
> +			has_node_specific_param = true;
> +			break;
> +		}
> +	}
> +
> +	if (has_node_specific_param) {
> +		hugetlb_cma_size = 0;
> +		for (nid = 0; nid < MAX_NUMNODES; nid++) {
> +			if (hugetlb_cma_percent_in_node[nid]) {
> +				phys_addr_t node_gfp_mem = memblock_node_memory_size(nid);
> +				u64 s;
> +
> +				s = mul_u64_u32_div((u64)node_gfp_mem,
> +						    hugetlb_cma_percent_in_node[nid],
> +						    100);
> +
> +				hugetlb_cma_size_in_node[nid] = s;
> +			}
> +			hugetlb_cma_size += hugetlb_cma_size_in_node[nid];
> +		}
> +	} else if (hugetlb_cma_percent) {
> +		hugetlb_cma_size = mul_u64_u32_div((u64)memblock_phys_mem_size(),
> +						   hugetlb_cma_percent, 100);
> +	}
> +
>  	if (!hugetlb_cma_size)
>  		return;
>  
> @@ -163,6 +254,32 @@ void __init hugetlb_cma_reserve(void)
>  	 */
>  	VM_WARN_ON(order <= MAX_PAGE_ORDER);
>  
> +	if (hugetlb_cma_percent) {
> +		unsigned long orig_size = hugetlb_cma_size;
> +
> +		hugetlb_cma_size = ALIGN_DOWN(hugetlb_cma_size, PAGE_SIZE << order);
> +		if (orig_size && !hugetlb_cma_size)
> +			pr_warn("hugetlb_cma: reservation size rounded down to 0 from %lu MiB (%u%%)\n",
> +				orig_size / SZ_1M, hugetlb_cma_percent);
> +	} else if (has_node_specific_param) {
> +		hugetlb_cma_size = 0;
> +		for (nid = 0; nid < MAX_NUMNODES; nid++) {
> +			if (hugetlb_cma_percent_in_node[nid]) {
> +				unsigned long orig_size = hugetlb_cma_size_in_node[nid];
> +
> +				hugetlb_cma_size_in_node[nid] =
> +					ALIGN_DOWN(hugetlb_cma_size_in_node[nid],
> +						   PAGE_SIZE << order);
> +				if (orig_size && !hugetlb_cma_size_in_node[nid])
> +					pr_warn("hugetlb_cma: reservation size rounded down to 0 from %lu MiB (%u%%) on node %d\n",
> +						orig_size / SZ_1M,
> +						hugetlb_cma_percent_in_node[nid],
> +						nid);
> +			}
> +			hugetlb_cma_size += hugetlb_cma_size_in_node[nid];
> +		}
> +	}
> +
>  	hugetlb_bootmem_set_nodes();
>  
>  	for (nid = 0; nid < MAX_NUMNODES; nid++) {
> @@ -205,8 +322,12 @@ void __init hugetlb_cma_reserve(void)
>  		per_node = DIV_ROUND_UP(hugetlb_cma_size,
>  					nodes_weight(hugetlb_bootmem_nodes));
>  		per_node = round_up(per_node, PAGE_SIZE << order);
> -		pr_info("hugetlb_cma: reserve %lu MiB, up to %lu MiB per node\n",
> -			hugetlb_cma_size / SZ_1M, per_node / SZ_1M);
> +		if (hugetlb_cma_percent)
> +			pr_info("hugetlb_cma: reserve %lu MiB (%u%%), up to %lu MiB per node\n",
> +				hugetlb_cma_size / SZ_1M, hugetlb_cma_percent, per_node / SZ_1M);
> +		else
> +			pr_info("hugetlb_cma: reserve %lu MiB, up to %lu MiB per node\n",
> +				hugetlb_cma_size / SZ_1M, per_node / SZ_1M);
>  	}
>  
>  	reserved = 0;
> @@ -241,8 +362,12 @@ void __init hugetlb_cma_reserve(void)
>  		}
>  
>  		reserved += size;
> -		pr_info("hugetlb_cma: reserved %lu MiB on node %d\n",
> -			size / SZ_1M, nid);
> +		if (hugetlb_cma_percent_in_node[nid])
> +			pr_info("hugetlb_cma: reserved %lu MiB (%u%%) on node %d\n",
> +				size / SZ_1M, hugetlb_cma_percent_in_node[nid], nid);
> +		else
> +			pr_info("hugetlb_cma: reserved %lu MiB on node %d\n",
> +				size / SZ_1M, nid);
>  
>  		if (reserved >= hugetlb_cma_size)
>  			break;