Hi, maybe I'm way off, but have you considered multi state locks for your problem? I attached a draft-paper; written by a former collegue and myself; on Concurrent AVL trees that uses multi-state locking. This paper is unpublished and unfinished but might be illustrative. Do note that those email addresses are no longer valid AFAIK, reply to reach me or the co-author. just my 2ct. Peter Zijlstra