Re: [PATCH v3] Bitbanging i2c bus driver using the GPIO API

[Jean Delvare <khali@linux-fr.org>]

Hi Haavard,

On Sat, 14 Apr 2007 16:34:18 +0200, Haavard Skinnemoen wrote:
> On Sat, 14 Apr 2007 14:56:47 +0200
> Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@atmel.com> wrote:
> 
> >   o Default to a very low SCL frequency (6.6 kHz) if clock stretching
> >     isn't supported
> 
> This would have been true if I had remembered to save before generating
> the patch...
> 
> Updated patch below. Sorry about the mess.
> 
> Haavard
> 
> ===================[cut here]======================
> From: Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@atmel.com>
> Subject: [PATCH] Bitbanging i2c bus driver using the GPIO API
> 
> This is a very simple bitbanging i2c bus driver utilizing the new
> arch-neutral GPIO API. Useful for chips that don't have a built-in
> i2c controller, additional i2c busses, or testing purposes.
> 
> To use, include something similar to the following in the
> board-specific setup code:
> 
>   #include <linux/i2c-gpio.h>
> 
>   static struct i2c_gpio_platform_data i2c_gpio_data = {
> 	.sda_pin	= GPIO_PIN_FOO,
> 	.scl_pin	= GPIO_PIN_BAR,
>   };
>   static struct platform_device i2c_gpio_device = {
> 	.name		= "i2c-gpio",
> 	.id		= 0,
> 	.dev		= {
> 		.platform_data	= &i2c_gpio_data,
> 	},
>   };
> 
> Register this platform_device, set up the i2c pins as GPIO if
> required and you're ready to go. This will use default values for
> udelay and timeout, and will work with GPIO hardware that does not
> support open drain mode, but allows sensing of the SDA and SCL lines
> even when they are being driven.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@atmel.com>
> ---
>  MAINTAINERS                   |    5 +
>  drivers/i2c/busses/Kconfig    |    8 ++
>  drivers/i2c/busses/Makefile   |    1 +
>  drivers/i2c/busses/i2c-gpio.c |  215 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  include/linux/i2c-gpio.h      |   38 +++++++
>  5 files changed, 267 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)

Random comments:

> diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS
> index ef84419..fdecda4 100644
> --- a/MAINTAINERS
> +++ b/MAINTAINERS
> @@ -1429,6 +1429,11 @@ L:	linux-scsi@vger.kernel.org
>  W:	http://www.icp-vortex.com/
>  S:	Supported
>  
> +GENERIC GPIO I2C DRIVER
> +P:	Haavard Skinnemoen
> +M:	hskinnemoen@atmel.com
> +S:	Supported
> +
>  GENERIC HDLC DRIVER, N2, C101, PCI200SYN and WANXL DRIVERS
>  P:	Krzysztof Halasa
>  M:	khc@pm.waw.pl
> diff --git a/drivers/i2c/busses/Kconfig b/drivers/i2c/busses/Kconfig
> index fb19dbb..52f79d1 100644
> --- a/drivers/i2c/busses/Kconfig
> +++ b/drivers/i2c/busses/Kconfig
> @@ -102,6 +102,14 @@ config I2C_ELEKTOR
>  	  This support is also available as a module.  If so, the module 
>  	  will be called i2c-elektor.
>  
> +config I2C_GPIO
> +	tristate "GPIO-based bitbanging i2c driver"

I removed "driver" from the option name.

> +	depends on I2C && GENERIC_GPIO

I removed I2C, in accordance with Jan Engelhardt's patch:
http://lkml.org/lkml/2007/4/11/153

> +	select I2C_ALGOBIT
> +	help
> +	  This is a very simple bitbanging i2c driver utilizing the
> +	  arch-neutral GPIO API to control the SCL and SDA lines.
> +
>  config I2C_HYDRA
>  	tristate "CHRP Apple Hydra Mac I/O I2C interface"
>  	depends on I2C && PCI && PPC_CHRP && EXPERIMENTAL
> diff --git a/drivers/i2c/busses/Makefile b/drivers/i2c/busses/Makefile
> index 290b540..68f2b05 100644
> --- a/drivers/i2c/busses/Makefile
> +++ b/drivers/i2c/busses/Makefile
> @@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_I2C_AMD8111)	+= i2c-amd8111.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_I2C_AT91)		+= i2c-at91.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_I2C_AU1550)	+= i2c-au1550.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_I2C_ELEKTOR)	+= i2c-elektor.o
> +obj-$(CONFIG_I2C_GPIO)		+= i2c-gpio.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_I2C_HYDRA)		+= i2c-hydra.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_I2C_I801)		+= i2c-i801.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_I2C_I810)		+= i2c-i810.o
> diff --git a/drivers/i2c/busses/i2c-gpio.c b/drivers/i2c/busses/i2c-gpio.c
> new file mode 100644
> index 0000000..e427bfb
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/drivers/i2c/busses/i2c-gpio.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
> +/*
> + * Bitbanging i2c bus driver using the GPIO API
> + *
> + * Copyright (C) 2007 Atmel Corporation
> + *
> + * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
> + * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
> + * published by the Free Software Foundation.
> + */
> +#include <linux/i2c.h>
> +#include <linux/i2c-algo-bit.h>
> +#include <linux/i2c-gpio.h>
> +#include <linux/init.h>
> +#include <linux/module.h>
> +#include <linux/platform_device.h>
> +
> +#include <asm/gpio.h>
> +
> +/* Toggle SDA by changing the direction of the pin */
> +static void i2c_gpio_setsda_dir(void *data, int state)
> +{
> +	struct i2c_gpio_platform_data *pdata = data;
> +
> +	if (state)
> +		gpio_direction_input(pdata->sda_pin);
> +	else
> +		gpio_direction_output(pdata->sda_pin, 0);
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * Toggle SDA by changing the output value of the pin. This is only
> + * valid for pins configured as open drain (i.e. setting the value
> + * high effectively turns off the output driver.)
> + */
> +static void i2c_gpio_setsda_val(void *data, int state)
> +{
> +	struct i2c_gpio_platform_data *pdata = data;
> +
> +	gpio_set_value(pdata->sda_pin, state);
> +}
> +
> +/* Toggle SCL by changing the direction of the pin. */
> +static void i2c_gpio_setscl_dir(void *data, int state)
> +{
> +	struct i2c_gpio_platform_data *pdata = data;
> +
> +	if (state)
> +		gpio_direction_input(pdata->scl_pin);
> +	else
> +		gpio_direction_output(pdata->scl_pin, 0);
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * Toggle SCL by changing the output value of the pin. This is used
> + * for pins that are configured as open drain and for output-only
> + * pins. The latter case will break the i2c protocol, but it will
> + * often work in practice.
> + */
> +static void i2c_gpio_setscl_val(void *data, int state)
> +{
> +	struct i2c_gpio_platform_data *pdata = data;
> +
> +	gpio_set_value(pdata->scl_pin, state);
> +}
> +
> +int i2c_gpio_getsda(void *data)
> +{
> +	struct i2c_gpio_platform_data *pdata = data;
> +
> +	return gpio_get_value(pdata->sda_pin);
> +}
> +
> +int i2c_gpio_getscl(void *data)
> +{
> +	struct i2c_gpio_platform_data *pdata = data;
> +
> +	return gpio_get_value(pdata->scl_pin);
> +}
> +
> +static int __init i2c_gpio_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
> +{
> +	struct i2c_gpio_platform_data *pdata;
> +	struct i2c_algo_bit_data *bit_data;
> +	struct i2c_adapter *adap;
> +	int ret;
> +
> +	pdata = pdev->dev.platform_data;
> +	if (!pdata)
> +		return -ENXIO;
> +
> +	ret = -ENOMEM;
> +	adap = kzalloc(sizeof(struct i2c_adapter), GFP_KERNEL);
> +	if (!adap)
> +		goto err_alloc_adap;
> +	bit_data = kzalloc(sizeof(struct i2c_algo_bit_data), GFP_KERNEL);
> +	if (!bit_data)
> +		goto err_alloc_bit_data;
> +
> +	ret = gpio_request(pdata->sda_pin, "sda");
> +	if (ret)
> +		goto err_request_sda;
> +	ret = gpio_request(pdata->scl_pin, "scl");
> +	if (ret)
> +		goto err_request_scl;
> +
> +	if (pdata->sda_is_open_drain) {
> +		gpio_direction_output(pdata->sda_pin, 1);
> +		bit_data->setsda = i2c_gpio_setsda_val;
> +	} else {
> +		gpio_direction_input(pdata->sda_pin);
> +		bit_data->setsda = i2c_gpio_setsda_dir;
> +	}
> +
> +	if (pdata->scl_is_open_drain || pdata->scl_is_output_only) {
> +		gpio_direction_output(pdata->scl_pin, 1);
> +		bit_data->setscl = i2c_gpio_setscl_val;
> +	} else {
> +		gpio_direction_input(pdata->scl_pin);
> +		bit_data->setscl = i2c_gpio_setscl_dir;
> +	}
> +
> +	if (!pdata->scl_is_output_only)
> +		bit_data->getscl = i2c_gpio_getscl;
> +	bit_data->getsda = i2c_gpio_getsda;
> +
> +	if (pdata->udelay)
> +		bit_data->udelay = pdata->udelay;
> +	else if (pdata->scl_is_output_only)
> +		bit_data->udelay = 50;			/* 6.6 kHz */
> +	else
> +		bit_data->udelay = 5;			/* 66 kHz */

For your information, I've been reworking the i2c-algo-bit driver quite
a bit since our last discussion. It now has a 50/50 SCL duty cycle, so
udelay = 50 leads to a 10 kHz clock (which is fine, as this is the
minimum allowed for SMBus compatibility) and udelay = 5 leads to 100
kHz, the max for standard-mode I2C and SMBus.

http://lists.lm-sensors.org/pipermail/i2c/2007-March/001014.html

So your default values are OK, but I'll update the comments so that
they match the behavior of the updated i2c-algo-bit driver.

> +
> +	if (pdata->timeout)
> +		bit_data->timeout = pdata->timeout;
> +	else
> +		bit_data->timeout = HZ / 10;		/* 100 ms */
> +
> +	bit_data->data = pdata;
> +
> +	adap->owner = THIS_MODULE;
> +	snprintf(adap->name, I2C_NAME_SIZE, "i2c-gpio%d", pdev->id);

Changed I2C_NAME_SIZE to sizeof(adap->name), in accordance to this
patch:
http://lists.lm-sensors.org/pipermail/i2c/2007-March/000881.html

> +	adap->algo_data = bit_data;
> +	adap->dev.parent = &pdev->dev;
> +
> +	ret = i2c_bit_add_bus(adap);

I suspect that you will soon want to use the new
i2c_bit_add_numbered_bus() instead, so that you can enumerate I2C
devices on the bus directly from the platform code.

http://lists.lm-sensors.org/pipermail/i2c/2007-March/000974.html

> +	if (ret)
> +		goto err_add_bus;
> +
> +	platform_set_drvdata(pdev, adap);
> +
> +	dev_info(&pdev->dev, "using pins %u (sda) and %u (scl%s)\n",
> +		 pdata->sda_pin, pdata->scl_pin,
> +		 pdata->scl_is_output_only
> +		 ? ", no clock stretching" : "");
> +
> +	return 0;
> +
> +err_add_bus:
> +	gpio_free(pdata->scl_pin);
> +err_request_scl:
> +	gpio_free(pdata->sda_pin);
> +err_request_sda:
> +	kfree(bit_data);
> +err_alloc_bit_data:
> +	kfree(adap);
> +err_alloc_adap:
> +	return ret;
> +}
> +
> +static int __exit i2c_gpio_remove(struct platform_device *pdev)
> +{
> +	struct i2c_gpio_platform_data *pdata;
> +	struct i2c_adapter *adap;
> +
> +	adap = platform_get_drvdata(pdev);
> +	pdata = pdev->dev.platform_data;
> +
> +	i2c_del_adapter(adap);
> +	gpio_free(pdata->scl_pin);
> +	gpio_free(pdata->sda_pin);
> +	kfree(adap->algo_data);
> +	kfree(adap);
> +
> +	return 0;
> +}
> +
> +static struct platform_driver i2c_gpio_driver = {
> +	.driver		= {
> +		.name	= "i2c-gpio",
> +		.owner	= THIS_MODULE,
> +	},
> +	.remove		= __exit_p(i2c_gpio_remove),
> +};
> +
> +static int __init i2c_gpio_init(void)
> +{
> +	int ret;
> +
> +	ret = platform_driver_probe(&i2c_gpio_driver, i2c_gpio_probe);
> +	if (ret)
> +		printk(KERN_ERR "i2c-gpio: probe failed: %d\n", ret);
> +
> +	return ret;
> +}
> +module_init(i2c_gpio_init);
> +
> +static void __exit i2c_gpio_exit(void)
> +{
> +	platform_driver_unregister(&i2c_gpio_driver);
> +}
> +module_exit(i2c_gpio_exit);
> +
> +MODULE_AUTHOR("Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@atmel.com>");
> +MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Platform-independent bitbanging i2c driver");
> +MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
> diff --git a/include/linux/i2c-gpio.h b/include/linux/i2c-gpio.h
> new file mode 100644
> index 0000000..7812407
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/include/linux/i2c-gpio.h
> @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
> +/*
> + * i2c-gpio interface to platform code
> + *
> + * Copyright (C) 2007 Atmel Corporation
> + *
> + * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
> + * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
> + * published by the Free Software Foundation.
> + */
> +#ifndef _LINUX_I2C_GPIO_H
> +#define _LINUX_I2C_GPIO_H
> +
> +/**
> + * struct i2c_gpio_platform_data - Platform-dependent data for i2c-gpio
> + * @sda_pin: GPIO pin ID to use for SDA
> + * @scl_pin: GPIO pin ID to use for SCL
> + * @udelay: signal toggle delay. SCL frequency is (333 / udelay) kHz

I changed that to (500 / udelay).

> + * @timeout: clock stretching timeout in jiffies. If the slave keeps
> + *	SCL low for longer than this, the transfer will time out.
> + * @sda_is_open_drain: SDA is configured as open drain, i.e. the pin
> + *	isn't actively driven high when setting the output value high.
> + *	gpio_get_value() must return the actual pin state even if the
> + *	pin is configured as an output.
> + * @scl_is_open_drain: SCL is set up as open drain. Same requirements
> + *	as for sda_is_open_drain apply.
> + * @scl_is_output_only: SCL output drivers cannot be turned off.
> + */
> +struct i2c_gpio_platform_data {
> +	unsigned int	sda_pin;
> +	unsigned int	scl_pin;
> +	int		udelay;
> +	int		timeout;
> +	unsigned int	sda_is_open_drain:1;
> +	unsigned int	scl_is_open_drain:1;
> +	unsigned int	scl_is_output_only:1;
> +};
> +
> +#endif /* _LINUX_I2C_GPIO_H */

Otherwise it looks OK to me, I take the patch. If others have comments
or objections, just speak up and submit incremental patches as needed.

Now I would like to see platform code actually using this.

-- 
Jean Delvare