Re: can a kmalloc be both GFP_ATOMIC and GFP_KERNEL at the same time?

[Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>]

On Sat, 28 Apr 2007 09:40:39 -0400 (EDT) "Robert P. J. Day" <rpjday@mindspring.com> wrote:

> 
>   i'd always assumed that the type flags of GFP_ATOMIC and GFP_KERNEL
> were mutually exclusive when it came to calling kmalloc(), at least
> based on everything i'd read.  so i'm not sure how to interpret the
> following:
> 
> drivers/scsi/aic7xxx_old.c:  aic_dev = kmalloc(sizeof(struct aic_dev_data), GFP_ATOMIC | GFP_KERNEL);
> drivers/message/i2o/device.c:   resblk = kmalloc(buflen + 8, GFP_KERNEL | GFP_ATOMIC);
> 
>   clarification?

GFP_ATOMIC implies that the memory comes from the zones which GFP_KERNEL
also uses.  So the above usage of GFP_KERNEL is redundant and should be
removed.

The way to understand this is to look at the definitions:

#define GFP_ATOMIC	(__GFP_HIGH)
#define GFP_NOIO	(__GFP_WAIT)
#define GFP_NOFS	(__GFP_WAIT | __GFP_IO)
#define GFP_KERNEL	(__GFP_WAIT | __GFP_IO | __GFP_FS)
#define GFP_USER	(__GFP_WAIT | __GFP_IO | __GFP_FS | __GFP_HARDWALL)
#define GFP_HIGHUSER	(__GFP_WAIT | __GFP_IO | __GFP_FS | __GFP_HARDWALL | \
			 __GFP_HIGHMEM)


GFP_KERNEL: can sleep, can do IO, can enter filesystems

GFP_ATOMIC: cannot sleep, cannot do IO, cannot enter filesystems

Neither of them contains __GFP_DMA or __GFP_HIGHMEM, so both of them refer
to ZONE_NORMAL and any lower zones (ie: ZONE_DMA)