From: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
To: Hangbin Liu <liuhangbin@gmail.com>
Cc: bpf@vger.kernel.org, netdev@vger.kernel.org,
"Toke Høiland-Jørgensen" <toke@redhat.com>,
"Jiri Benc" <jbenc@redhat.com>,
"Eelco Chaudron" <echaudro@redhat.com>,
ast@kernel.org, "Daniel Borkmann" <daniel@iogearbox.net>,
"Lorenzo Bianconi" <lorenzo.bianconi@redhat.com>,
"David Ahern" <dsahern@gmail.com>,
"Andrii Nakryiko" <andrii.nakryiko@gmail.com>,
"Alexei Starovoitov" <alexei.starovoitov@gmail.com>,
"John Fastabend" <john.fastabend@gmail.com>,
"Maciej Fijalkowski" <maciej.fijalkowski@intel.com>,
brouer@redhat.com
Subject: Re: [PATCHv17 bpf-next 1/6] bpf: run devmap xdp_prog on flush instead of bulk enqueue
Date: Wed, 27 Jan 2021 16:58:10 +0100 [thread overview]
Message-ID: <20210127165810.7ab9c8b8@carbon> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20210125124516.3098129-2-liuhangbin@gmail.com>
On Mon, 25 Jan 2021 20:45:11 +0800
Hangbin Liu <liuhangbin@gmail.com> wrote:
> By using xdp_redirect_map in sample/bpf and send pkts via pktgen cmd:
> ./pktgen_sample03_burst_single_flow.sh -i eno1 -d $dst_ip -m $dst_mac -t 10 -s 64
>
> There are about +/- 0.1M deviation for native testing, the performance
> improved for the base-case, but some drop back with xdp devmap prog attached.
>
> Version | Test | Generic | Native | Native + 2nd xdp_prog
> 5.10 rc6 | xdp_redirect_map i40e->i40e | 2.0M | 9.1M | 8.0M
> 5.10 rc6 | xdp_redirect_map i40e->veth | 1.7M | 11.0M | 9.7M
> 5.10 rc6 + patch | xdp_redirect_map i40e->i40e | 2.0M | 9.5M | 7.5M
> 5.10 rc6 + patch | xdp_redirect_map i40e->veth | 1.7M | 11.6M | 9.1M
I want to highlight the improvement 9.1M -> 9.5M. This is the native
(40e->i40e) case where the isn't any "2nd xdp_prog".
This means that when we introduced the "2nd xdp_prog", we lost a little
performance without noticing (death-by-a-1000-paper-cuts), for the
baseline case where this feature is not used/activated.
This patch regains that performance for our baseline. That in itself
make this patch worth it.
--
Best regards,
Jesper Dangaard Brouer
MSc.CS, Principal Kernel Engineer at Red Hat
LinkedIn: http://www.linkedin.com/in/brouer
next prev parent reply other threads:[~2021-01-27 16:01 UTC|newest]
Thread overview: 223+ messages / expand[flat|nested] mbox.gz Atom feed top
2020-04-15 8:54 [RFC PATCH bpf-next 0/2] xdp: add dev map multicast support Hangbin Liu
2020-04-15 8:54 ` [RFC PATCH bpf-next 1/2] " Hangbin Liu
2020-04-15 19:26 ` kbuild test robot
2020-04-15 20:14 ` kbuild test robot
2020-04-20 9:52 ` Hangbin Liu
2020-04-15 8:54 ` [RFC PATCH bpf-next 2/2] sample/bpf: add xdp_redirect_map_multicast test Hangbin Liu
2020-04-24 8:56 ` [RFC PATCHv2 bpf-next 0/2] xdp: add dev map multicast support Hangbin Liu
2020-04-24 8:56 ` [RFC PATCHv2 bpf-next 1/2] xdp: add a new helper for " Hangbin Liu
2020-04-24 14:19 ` Lorenzo Bianconi
2020-04-28 11:09 ` Eelco Chaudron
2020-05-06 9:35 ` Hangbin Liu
2020-04-24 14:34 ` Toke Høiland-Jørgensen
2020-05-06 9:14 ` Hangbin Liu
2020-05-06 10:00 ` Toke Høiland-Jørgensen
2020-05-08 8:53 ` Hangbin Liu
2020-05-08 14:58 ` Toke Høiland-Jørgensen
2020-05-18 8:45 ` Hangbin Liu
2020-05-19 10:15 ` Jesper Dangaard Brouer
2020-05-20 1:24 ` Hangbin Liu
2020-04-24 8:56 ` [RFC PATCHv2 bpf-next 2/2] sample/bpf: add xdp_redirect_map_multicast test Hangbin Liu
2020-04-24 14:21 ` Lorenzo Bianconi
2020-05-23 6:05 ` [PATCHv3 bpf-next 0/2] xdp: add dev map multicast support Hangbin Liu
2020-05-23 6:05 ` [PATCHv3 bpf-next 1/2] xdp: add a new helper for " Hangbin Liu
2020-05-26 7:34 ` kbuild test robot
2020-05-26 7:34 ` kbuild test robot
2020-05-23 6:05 ` [PATCHv3 bpf-next 2/2] sample/bpf: add xdp_redirect_map_multicast test Hangbin Liu
2020-05-26 14:05 ` [PATCHv4 bpf-next 0/2] xdp: add dev map multicast support Hangbin Liu
2020-05-26 14:05 ` [PATCHv4 bpf-next 1/2] xdp: add a new helper for " Hangbin Liu
2020-05-27 10:29 ` Toke Høiland-Jørgensen
2020-06-10 10:18 ` Jesper Dangaard Brouer
2020-06-12 8:54 ` Hangbin Liu
2020-06-16 8:55 ` Jesper Dangaard Brouer
2020-06-16 10:11 ` Hangbin Liu
2020-06-16 14:38 ` Jesper Dangaard Brouer
2020-06-10 10:21 ` Jesper Dangaard Brouer
2020-06-10 10:29 ` Toke Høiland-Jørgensen
2020-06-16 9:04 ` Jesper Dangaard Brouer
2020-05-26 14:05 ` [PATCHv4 bpf-next 2/2] sample/bpf: add xdp_redirect_map_multicast test Hangbin Liu
2020-05-27 10:21 ` [PATCHv4 bpf-next 0/2] xdp: add dev map multicast support Toke Høiland-Jørgensen
2020-05-27 10:32 ` Eelco Chaudron
2020-05-27 12:38 ` Hangbin Liu
2020-05-27 15:04 ` Toke Høiland-Jørgensen
2020-06-16 9:09 ` Jesper Dangaard Brouer
2020-06-16 9:47 ` Hangbin Liu
2020-06-03 2:40 ` Hangbin Liu
2020-06-03 11:05 ` Toke Høiland-Jørgensen
2020-06-04 4:09 ` Hangbin Liu
2020-06-04 9:44 ` Toke Høiland-Jørgensen
2020-06-04 12:12 ` Hangbin Liu
2020-06-04 12:37 ` Toke Høiland-Jørgensen
2020-06-04 14:41 ` Hangbin Liu
2020-06-04 16:02 ` Toke Høiland-Jørgensen
2020-06-05 6:26 ` Hangbin Liu
2020-06-08 15:32 ` Toke Høiland-Jørgensen
2020-06-09 3:03 ` Hangbin Liu
2020-06-09 20:31 ` Toke Høiland-Jørgensen
2020-06-10 2:35 ` Hangbin Liu
2020-06-10 10:03 ` Jesper Dangaard Brouer
2020-07-01 4:19 ` [PATCHv5 bpf-next 0/3] xdp: add a new helper for " Hangbin Liu
2020-07-01 4:19 ` [PATCHv5 bpf-next 1/3] " Hangbin Liu
2020-07-01 5:09 ` Andrii Nakryiko
2020-07-01 6:51 ` Hangbin Liu
2020-07-01 18:33 ` kernel test robot
2020-07-01 18:33 ` kernel test robot
2020-07-01 4:19 ` [PATCHv5 bpf-next 2/3] sample/bpf: add xdp_redirect_map_multicast test Hangbin Liu
2020-07-01 4:19 ` [PATCHv5 bpf-next 3/3] selftests/bpf: add xdp_redirect_multi test Hangbin Liu
2020-07-09 1:30 ` [PATCHv6 bpf-next 0/3] xdp: add a new helper for dev map multicast support Hangbin Liu
2020-07-09 1:30 ` [PATCHv6 bpf-next 1/3] " Hangbin Liu
2020-07-09 16:33 ` David Ahern
2020-07-10 6:55 ` Hangbin Liu
2020-07-10 13:46 ` David Ahern
2020-07-11 0:26 ` Hangbin Liu
2020-07-11 16:09 ` David Ahern
2020-07-09 1:30 ` [PATCHv6 bpf-next 2/3] sample/bpf: add xdp_redirect_map_multicast test Hangbin Liu
2020-07-09 22:40 ` Daniel Borkmann
2020-07-10 6:41 ` Hangbin Liu
2020-07-10 14:32 ` Daniel Borkmann
2020-07-11 0:21 ` Hangbin Liu
2020-07-09 1:30 ` [PATCHv6 bpf-next 3/3] selftests/bpf: add xdp_redirect_multi test Hangbin Liu
2020-07-09 22:37 ` [PATCHv6 bpf-next 0/3] xdp: add a new helper for dev map multicast support Daniel Borkmann
2020-07-10 7:36 ` Hangbin Liu
2020-07-10 15:02 ` Daniel Borkmann
2020-07-10 16:52 ` David Ahern
2020-07-14 6:32 ` [PATCHv7 " Hangbin Liu
2020-07-14 6:32 ` [PATCHv7 bpf-next 1/3] " Hangbin Liu
2020-07-14 21:52 ` Toke Høiland-Jørgensen
2020-07-15 12:25 ` Hangbin Liu
2020-07-14 6:32 ` [PATCHv7 bpf-next 2/3] sample/bpf: add xdp_redirect_map_multicast test Hangbin Liu
2020-07-14 6:32 ` [PATCHv7 bpf-next 3/3] selftests/bpf: add xdp_redirect_multi test Hangbin Liu
2020-07-14 12:29 ` [PATCHv7 bpf-next 0/3] xdp: add a new helper for dev map multicast support Toke Høiland-Jørgensen
2020-07-14 17:12 ` David Ahern
2020-07-14 21:53 ` Toke Høiland-Jørgensen
2020-07-15 12:31 ` Hangbin Liu
2020-07-15 3:45 ` Hangbin Liu
2020-07-15 13:08 ` [PATCHv8 " Hangbin Liu
2020-07-15 13:08 ` [PATCHv8 bpf-next 1/3] " Hangbin Liu
2020-07-15 13:08 ` [PATCHv8 bpf-next 2/3] sample/bpf: add xdp_redirect_map_multicast test Hangbin Liu
2020-07-15 13:08 ` [PATCHv8 bpf-next 3/3] selftests/bpf: add xdp_redirect_multi test Hangbin Liu
2020-08-26 13:19 ` [PATCHv9 bpf-next 0/5] xdp: add a new helper for dev map multicast support Hangbin Liu
2020-08-26 13:19 ` [PATCHv9 bpf-next 1/5] bpf: add a new bpf argument type ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR_OR_NULL Hangbin Liu
2020-08-28 21:56 ` Daniel Borkmann
2020-09-03 9:15 ` Hangbin Liu
2020-08-26 13:19 ` [PATCHv9 bpf-next 2/5] xdp: add a new helper for dev map multicast support Hangbin Liu
2020-08-28 22:05 ` Daniel Borkmann
2020-08-26 13:20 ` [PATCHv9 bpf-next 3/5] sample/bpf: add xdp_redirect_map_multicast test Hangbin Liu
2020-08-26 13:20 ` [PATCHv9 bpf-next 4/5] selftests/bpf: add xdp_redirect_multi test Hangbin Liu
2020-08-26 13:20 ` [PATCHv9 bpf-next 5/5] selftests/bpf: Add verifier tests for bpf arg ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR_OR_NULL Hangbin Liu
2020-09-03 10:26 ` [PATCHv10 bpf-next 0/5] xdp: add a new helper for dev map multicast support Hangbin Liu
2020-09-03 10:26 ` [PATCHv10 bpf-next 1/5] bpf: add a new bpf argument type ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR_OR_NULL Hangbin Liu
2020-09-04 14:26 ` Daniel Borkmann
2020-09-03 10:26 ` [PATCHv10 bpf-next 2/5] xdp: add a new helper for dev map multicast support Hangbin Liu
2020-09-04 14:22 ` Daniel Borkmann
2020-09-03 10:26 ` [PATCHv10 bpf-next 3/5] sample/bpf: add xdp_redirect_map_multicast test Hangbin Liu
2020-09-03 10:27 ` [PATCHv10 bpf-next 4/5] selftests/bpf: add xdp_redirect_multi test Hangbin Liu
2020-09-03 10:27 ` [PATCHv10 bpf-next 5/5] selftests/bpf: Add verifier tests for bpf arg ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR_OR_NULL Hangbin Liu
2020-09-07 8:27 ` [PATCHv11 bpf-next 0/5] xdp: add a new helper for dev map multicast support Hangbin Liu
2020-09-07 8:27 ` [PATCHv11 bpf-next 1/5] bpf: add a new bpf argument type ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR_OR_NULL Hangbin Liu
2020-09-07 8:27 ` [PATCHv11 bpf-next 2/5] xdp: add a new helper for dev map multicast support Hangbin Liu
2020-09-09 21:52 ` Alexei Starovoitov
2020-09-10 2:35 ` Hangbin Liu
2020-09-10 3:30 ` David Ahern
2020-09-10 5:35 ` Alexei Starovoitov
2020-09-10 9:44 ` Toke Høiland-Jørgensen
2020-09-10 15:39 ` Alexei Starovoitov
2020-09-10 17:50 ` Jesper Dangaard Brouer
2020-09-10 18:35 ` David Ahern
2020-09-11 7:58 ` Jesper Dangaard Brouer
2020-09-15 16:12 ` David Ahern
2020-09-07 8:27 ` [PATCHv11 bpf-next 3/5] sample/bpf: add xdp_redirect_map_multicast test Hangbin Liu
2020-09-07 8:27 ` [PATCHv11 bpf-next 4/5] selftests/bpf: add xdp_redirect_multi test Hangbin Liu
2020-09-07 8:27 ` [PATCHv11 bpf-next 5/5] selftests/bpf: Add verifier tests for bpf arg ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR_OR_NULL Hangbin Liu
2020-12-16 14:30 ` [PATCHv12 bpf-next 0/6] xdp: add a new helper for dev map multicast support Hangbin Liu
2020-12-16 14:30 ` [PATCHv12 bpf-next 1/6] bpf: run devmap xdp_prog on flush instead of bulk enqueue Hangbin Liu
2020-12-17 16:07 ` David Ahern
2020-12-18 9:43 ` Hangbin Liu
2020-12-21 8:38 ` Hangbin Liu
2020-12-16 14:30 ` [PATCHv12 bpf-next 2/6] bpf: add a new bpf argument type ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR_OR_NULL Hangbin Liu
2020-12-16 14:30 ` [PATCHv12 bpf-next 3/6] xdp: add a new helper for dev map multicast support Hangbin Liu
2020-12-16 14:30 ` [PATCHv12 bpf-next 4/6] sample/bpf: add xdp_redirect_map_multicast test Hangbin Liu
2020-12-16 14:30 ` [PATCHv12 bpf-next 5/6] selftests/bpf: Add verifier tests for bpf arg ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR_OR_NULL Hangbin Liu
2020-12-16 14:30 ` [PATCHv12 bpf-next 6/6] selftests/bpf: add xdp_redirect_multi test Hangbin Liu
2020-12-21 12:34 ` [PATCHv13 bpf-next 0/6] xdp: add a new helper for dev map multicast support Hangbin Liu
2020-12-21 12:35 ` [PATCHv13 bpf-next 1/6] bpf: run devmap xdp_prog on flush instead of bulk enqueue Hangbin Liu
2020-12-21 12:35 ` [PATCHv13 bpf-next 2/6] bpf: add a new bpf argument type ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR_OR_NULL Hangbin Liu
2020-12-21 12:35 ` [PATCHv13 bpf-next 3/6] xdp: add a new helper for dev map multicast support Hangbin Liu
2020-12-21 12:35 ` [PATCHv13 bpf-next 4/6] sample/bpf: add xdp_redirect_map_multicast test Hangbin Liu
2020-12-21 12:35 ` [PATCHv13 bpf-next 5/6] selftests/bpf: Add verifier tests for bpf arg ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR_OR_NULL Hangbin Liu
2020-12-21 12:35 ` [PATCHv13 bpf-next 6/6] selftests/bpf: add xdp_redirect_multi test Hangbin Liu
2021-01-14 14:23 ` [PATCHv14 bpf-next 0/6] xdp: add a new helper for dev map multicast support Hangbin Liu
2021-01-14 14:23 ` [PATCHv14 bpf-next 1/6] bpf: run devmap xdp_prog on flush instead of bulk enqueue Hangbin Liu
2021-01-17 22:57 ` John Fastabend
2021-01-18 10:07 ` Hangbin Liu
2021-01-21 14:33 ` Jesper Dangaard Brouer
2021-01-14 14:23 ` [PATCHv14 bpf-next 2/6] bpf: add a new bpf argument type ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR_OR_NULL Hangbin Liu
2021-01-14 14:23 ` [PATCHv14 bpf-next 3/6] xdp: add a new helper for dev map multicast support Hangbin Liu
2021-01-18 0:10 ` John Fastabend
2021-01-18 8:44 ` Hangbin Liu
2021-01-18 10:47 ` Toke Høiland-Jørgensen
2021-01-18 15:14 ` John Fastabend
2021-01-14 14:23 ` [PATCHv14 bpf-next 4/6] sample/bpf: add xdp_redirect_map_multicast test Hangbin Liu
2021-01-14 14:23 ` [PATCHv14 bpf-next 5/6] selftests/bpf: Add verifier tests for bpf arg ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR_OR_NULL Hangbin Liu
2021-01-14 14:23 ` [PATCHv14 bpf-next 6/6] selftests/bpf: add xdp_redirect_multi test Hangbin Liu
2021-01-20 2:25 ` [PATCHv15 bpf-next 0/6] xdp: add a new helper for dev map multicast support Hangbin Liu
2021-01-20 2:25 ` [PATCHv15 bpf-next 1/6] bpf: run devmap xdp_prog on flush instead of bulk enqueue Hangbin Liu
2021-01-20 22:42 ` Maciej Fijalkowski
2021-01-21 3:54 ` Hangbin Liu
2021-01-21 13:35 ` Maciej Fijalkowski
2021-01-20 2:25 ` [PATCHv15 bpf-next 2/6] bpf: add a new bpf argument type ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR_OR_NULL Hangbin Liu
2021-01-20 2:25 ` [PATCHv15 bpf-next 3/6] xdp: add a new helper for dev map multicast support Hangbin Liu
2021-01-20 2:25 ` [PATCHv15 bpf-next 4/6] sample/bpf: add xdp_redirect_map_multicast test Hangbin Liu
2021-01-20 2:25 ` [PATCHv15 bpf-next 5/6] selftests/bpf: Add verifier tests for bpf arg ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR_OR_NULL Hangbin Liu
2021-01-20 2:25 ` [PATCHv15 bpf-next 6/6] selftests/bpf: add xdp_redirect_multi test Hangbin Liu
2021-01-22 7:46 ` [PATCHv16 bpf-next 0/6] xdp: add a new helper for dev map multicast support Hangbin Liu
2021-01-22 7:46 ` [PATCHv16 bpf-next 1/6] bpf: run devmap xdp_prog on flush instead of bulk enqueue Hangbin Liu
2021-01-22 10:50 ` Maciej Fijalkowski
2021-01-22 13:38 ` Toke Høiland-Jørgensen
2021-01-25 3:30 ` Hangbin Liu
2021-01-25 11:21 ` Toke Høiland-Jørgensen
2021-01-25 12:29 ` Maciej Fijalkowski
2021-01-22 7:46 ` [PATCHv16 bpf-next 2/6] bpf: add a new bpf argument type ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR_OR_NULL Hangbin Liu
2021-01-22 7:46 ` [PATCHv16 bpf-next 3/6] xdp: add a new helper for dev map multicast support Hangbin Liu
2021-01-25 12:27 ` Maciej Fijalkowski
2021-01-26 1:17 ` Hangbin Liu
2021-01-27 22:13 ` John Fastabend
2021-01-22 7:46 ` [PATCHv16 bpf-next 4/6] sample/bpf: add xdp_redirect_map_multicast test Hangbin Liu
2021-01-22 7:46 ` [PATCHv16 bpf-next 5/6] selftests/bpf: Add verifier tests for bpf arg ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR_OR_NULL Hangbin Liu
2021-01-22 7:46 ` [PATCHv16 bpf-next 6/6] selftests/bpf: add xdp_redirect_multi test Hangbin Liu
2021-01-22 13:43 ` [PATCHv16 bpf-next 0/6] xdp: add a new helper for dev map multicast support Toke Høiland-Jørgensen
2021-01-25 12:45 ` [PATCHv17 " Hangbin Liu
2021-01-25 12:45 ` [PATCHv17 bpf-next 1/6] bpf: run devmap xdp_prog on flush instead of bulk enqueue Hangbin Liu
2021-01-27 7:37 ` John Fastabend
2021-01-27 9:41 ` Toke Høiland-Jørgensen
2021-01-27 12:20 ` Maciej Fijalkowski
2021-01-27 15:00 ` Jesper Dangaard Brouer
2021-01-27 15:52 ` John Fastabend
2021-01-27 16:05 ` Toke Høiland-Jørgensen
2021-01-27 15:58 ` Jesper Dangaard Brouer [this message]
2021-01-25 12:45 ` [PATCHv17 bpf-next 2/6] bpf: add a new bpf argument type ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR_OR_NULL Hangbin Liu
2021-01-27 21:50 ` John Fastabend
2021-01-25 12:45 ` [PATCHv17 bpf-next 3/6] xdp: add a new helper for dev map multicast support Hangbin Liu
2021-01-25 12:45 ` [PATCHv17 bpf-next 4/6] sample/bpf: add xdp_redirect_map_multicast test Hangbin Liu
2021-01-25 12:45 ` [PATCHv17 bpf-next 5/6] selftests/bpf: Add verifier tests for bpf arg ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR_OR_NULL Hangbin Liu
2021-01-27 22:24 ` John Fastabend
2021-01-28 3:53 ` Hangbin Liu
2021-01-28 23:14 ` John Fastabend
2021-01-25 12:45 ` [PATCHv17 bpf-next 6/6] selftests/bpf: add xdp_redirect_multi test Hangbin Liu
2021-01-28 23:37 ` John Fastabend
2021-01-29 1:46 ` Hangbin Liu
2021-02-04 0:14 ` [PATCHv17 bpf-next 0/6] xdp: add a new helper for dev map multicast support Hangbin Liu
2021-02-04 2:53 ` John Fastabend
2021-02-04 3:12 ` Hangbin Liu
2021-02-04 11:00 ` Toke Høiland-Jørgensen
2021-02-04 12:09 ` Maciej Fijalkowski
2021-02-04 13:33 ` Hangbin Liu
2021-02-04 17:03 ` Jakub Kicinski
2021-02-05 3:07 ` Hangbin Liu
2021-02-04 14:03 ` [PATCHv18 " Hangbin Liu
2021-02-04 14:03 ` [PATCHv18 bpf-next 1/6] bpf: run devmap xdp_prog on flush instead of bulk enqueue Hangbin Liu
2021-02-04 14:03 ` [PATCHv18 bpf-next 2/6] bpf: add a new bpf argument type ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR_OR_NULL Hangbin Liu
2021-02-04 14:03 ` [PATCHv18 bpf-next 3/6] xdp: add a new helper for dev map multicast support Hangbin Liu
2021-02-04 14:03 ` [PATCHv18 bpf-next 4/6] sample/bpf: add xdp_redirect_map_multicast test Hangbin Liu
2021-02-04 14:03 ` [PATCHv18 bpf-next 5/6] selftests/bpf: Add verifier tests for bpf arg ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR_OR_NULL Hangbin Liu
2021-02-04 14:03 ` [PATCHv18 bpf-next 6/6] selftests/bpf: add xdp_redirect_multi test Hangbin Liu
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