[PATCH] percpu: add basic double free check

[Dennis Zhou <dennis@kernel.org>]

This adds a basic double free check by validating the first bit of the
allocation in alloc_map and bound_map are set. If the alloc_map bit is
not set, then this means the area is currently unallocated. If the
bound_map bit is not set, then we are not freeing from the beginning of
the allocation.

This is a respin of [1] adding the requested changes from me and
Christoph.

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20250904143514.Yk6Ap-jy@linutronix.de/

Signed-off-by: Dennis Zhou <dennis@kernel.org>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
---
 mm/percpu.c | 14 ++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+)

diff --git a/mm/percpu.c b/mm/percpu.c
index 81462ce5866e..c9f8df6c34c3 100644
--- a/mm/percpu.c
+++ b/mm/percpu.c
@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@
 #include <linux/mutex.h>
 #include <linux/percpu.h>
 #include <linux/pfn.h>
+#include <linux/ratelimit.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
@@ -1285,6 +1286,11 @@ static int pcpu_free_area(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int off)
 
 	bit_off = off / PCPU_MIN_ALLOC_SIZE;
 
+	/* check double free */
+	if (!test_bit(bit_off, chunk->alloc_map) ||
+	    !test_bit(bit_off, chunk->bound_map))
+		return 0;
+
 	/* find end index */
 	end = find_next_bit(chunk->bound_map, pcpu_chunk_map_bits(chunk),
 			    bit_off + 1);
@@ -2225,6 +2231,7 @@ static void pcpu_balance_workfn(struct work_struct *work)
  */
 void free_percpu(void __percpu *ptr)
 {
+	static DEFINE_RATELIMIT_STATE(_rs, 60 * HZ, DEFAULT_RATELIMIT_BURST);
 	void *addr;
 	struct pcpu_chunk *chunk;
 	unsigned long flags;
@@ -2242,6 +2249,13 @@ void free_percpu(void __percpu *ptr)
 
 	spin_lock_irqsave(&pcpu_lock, flags);
 	size = pcpu_free_area(chunk, off);
+	if (size == 0) {
+		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pcpu_lock, flags);
+
+		if (__ratelimit(&_rs))
+			WARN(1, "percpu double free\n");
+		return;
+	}
 
 	pcpu_alloc_tag_free_hook(chunk, off, size);
 
-- 
2.43.0