[to-be-updated] mm-khugepaged-generalize-__collapse_huge_page_-for-mthp-support.patch removed from -mm tree

[Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>]

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The quilt patch titled
     Subject: mm/khugepaged: generalize __collapse_huge_page_* for mTHP support
has been removed from the -mm tree.  Its filename was
     mm-khugepaged-generalize-__collapse_huge_page_-for-mthp-support.patch

This patch was dropped because an updated version will be issued

------------------------------------------------------
From: Nico Pache <npache@redhat.com>
Subject: mm/khugepaged: generalize __collapse_huge_page_* for mTHP support
Date: Sun, 19 Apr 2026 12:57:41 -0600

Generalize the order of the __collapse_huge_page_* and collapse_max_*
functions to support future mTHP collapse.

The current mechanism for determining collapse with the
khugepaged_max_ptes_none value is not designed with mTHP in mind.  This
raises a key design issue: if we support user defined max_pte_none values
(even those scaled by order), a collapse of a lower order can introduces
an feedback loop, or "creep", when max_ptes_none is set to a value greater
than HPAGE_PMD_NR / 2.

With this configuration, a successful collapse to order N will populate
enough pages to satisfy the collapse condition on order N+1 on the next
scan.  This leads to unnecessary work and memory churn.

To fix this issue introduce a helper function that will limit mTHP
collapse support to two max_ptes_none values, 0 and HPAGE_PMD_NR - 1. 
This effectively supports two modes:

- max_ptes_none=0: never introduce new none-pages for mTHP collapse.
- max_ptes_none=511 (on 4k pagesz): Always collapse to the highest
  available mTHP order.

This removes the possiblilty of "creep", while not modifying any uAPI
expectations.  A warning will be emitted if any non-supported
max_ptes_none value is configured with mTHP enabled.

mTHP collapse will not honor the khugepaged_max_ptes_shared or
khugepaged_max_ptes_swap parameters, and will fail if it encounters a
shared or swapped entry.

No functional changes in this patch; however it defines future behavior
for mTHP collapse.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260419185750.260784-5-npache@redhat.com
Co-developed-by: Dev Jain <dev.jain@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Dev Jain <dev.jain@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Nico Pache <npache@redhat.com>
Cc: Alistair Popple <apopple@nvidia.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@arm.com>
Cc: Bagas Sanjaya <bagasdotme@gmail.com>
Cc: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org>
Cc: Brendan Jackman <jackmanb@google.com>
Cc: Byungchul Park <byungchul@sk.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Gregory Price <gourry@gourry.net>
Cc: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Joshua Hahn <joshua.hahnjy@gmail.com>
Cc: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com>
Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev>
Cc: Liam Howlett <liam@infradead.org>
Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org>
Cc: "Masami Hiramatsu (Google)" <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Cc: Matthew Brost <matthew.brost@intel.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org>
Cc: Nanyong Sun <sunnanyong@huawei.com>
Cc: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de>
Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Cc: Rafael Aquini <raquini@redhat.com>
Cc: Rakie Kim <rakie.kim@sk.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com>
Cc: Shivank Garg <shivankg@amd.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Cc: Takashi Iwai (SUSE) <tiwai@suse.de>
Cc: Thomas Hellström <thomas.hellstrom@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Usama Arif <usama.arif@linux.dev>
Cc: Vishal Moola (Oracle) <vishal.moola@gmail.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@gmail.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Cc: Yang Shi <yang@os.amperecomputing.com>
Cc: Zach O'Keefe <zokeefe@google.com>
Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
---

 mm/khugepaged.c |  124 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------
 1 file changed, 88 insertions(+), 36 deletions(-)

--- a/mm/khugepaged.c~mm-khugepaged-generalize-__collapse_huge_page_-for-mthp-support
+++ a/mm/khugepaged.c
@@ -352,51 +352,86 @@ static bool pte_none_or_zero(pte_t pte)
  * collapse_max_ptes_none - Calculate maximum allowed empty PTEs for collapse
  * @cc: The collapse control struct
  * @vma: The vma to check for userfaultfd
+ * @order: The folio order being collapsed to
  *
  * If we are not in khugepaged mode use HPAGE_PMD_NR to allow any
- * empty page.
+ * empty page. For PMD-sized collapses (order == HPAGE_PMD_ORDER), use the
+ * configured khugepaged_max_ptes_none value.
+ *
+ * For mTHP collapses, we currently only support khugepaged_max_pte_none values
+ * of 0 or (KHUGEPAGED_MAX_PTES_LIMIT). Any other value will emit a warning and
+ * no mTHP collapse will be attempted
  *
  * Return: Maximum number of empty PTEs allowed for the collapse operation
  */
-static unsigned int collapse_max_ptes_none(struct collapse_control *cc,
-		struct vm_area_struct *vma)
+static int collapse_max_ptes_none(struct collapse_control *cc,
+		struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned int order)
 {
 	if (vma && userfaultfd_armed(vma))
 		return 0;
 	if (!cc->is_khugepaged)
 		return HPAGE_PMD_NR;
-	return khugepaged_max_ptes_none;
+	if (is_pmd_order(order))
+		return khugepaged_max_ptes_none;
+	/* Zero/non-present collapse disabled. */
+	if (!khugepaged_max_ptes_none)
+		return 0;
+	if (khugepaged_max_ptes_none == KHUGEPAGED_MAX_PTES_LIMIT)
+		return (1 << order) - 1;
+
+	pr_warn_once("mTHP collapse only supports max_ptes_none values of 0 or %u\n",
+		      KHUGEPAGED_MAX_PTES_LIMIT);
+	return -EINVAL;
 }
 
 /**
  * collapse_max_ptes_shared - Calculate maximum allowed shared PTEs for collapse
  * @cc: The collapse control struct
+ * @order: The folio order being collapsed to
  *
  * If we are not in khugepaged mode use HPAGE_PMD_NR to allow any
  * shared page.
  *
+ * For mTHP collapses, we currently dont support collapsing memory with
+ * shared memory.
+ *
  * Return: Maximum number of shared PTEs allowed for the collapse operation
  */
-static unsigned int collapse_max_ptes_shared(struct collapse_control *cc)
+static unsigned int collapse_max_ptes_shared(struct collapse_control *cc,
+		unsigned int order)
 {
 	if (!cc->is_khugepaged)
 		return HPAGE_PMD_NR;
+	if (!is_pmd_order(order))
+		return 0;
+
 	return khugepaged_max_ptes_shared;
 }
 
 /**
  * collapse_max_ptes_swap - Calculate maximum allowed swap PTEs for collapse
  * @cc: The collapse control struct
+ * @order: The folio order being collapsed to
  *
  * If we are not in khugepaged mode use HPAGE_PMD_NR to allow any
  * swap page.
  *
+ * For PMD-sized collapses (order == HPAGE_PMD_ORDER), use the configured
+ * khugepaged_max_ptes_swap value.
+ *
+ * For mTHP collapses, we currently dont support collapsing memory with
+ * swapped out memory.
+ *
  * Return: Maximum number of swap PTEs allowed for the collapse operation
  */
-static unsigned int collapse_max_ptes_swap(struct collapse_control *cc)
+static unsigned int collapse_max_ptes_swap(struct collapse_control *cc,
+		unsigned int order)
 {
 	if (!cc->is_khugepaged)
 		return HPAGE_PMD_NR;
+	if (!is_pmd_order(order))
+		return 0;
+
 	return khugepaged_max_ptes_swap;
 }
 
@@ -590,18 +625,22 @@ static void release_pte_pages(pte_t *pte
 
 static enum scan_result __collapse_huge_page_isolate(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 		unsigned long start_addr, pte_t *pte, struct collapse_control *cc,
-		struct list_head *compound_pagelist)
+		unsigned int order, struct list_head *compound_pagelist)
 {
+	const unsigned long nr_pages = 1UL << order;
 	struct page *page = NULL;
 	struct folio *folio = NULL;
 	unsigned long addr = start_addr;
 	pte_t *_pte;
 	int none_or_zero = 0, shared = 0, referenced = 0;
 	enum scan_result result = SCAN_FAIL;
-	unsigned int max_ptes_none = collapse_max_ptes_none(cc, vma);
-	unsigned int max_ptes_shared = collapse_max_ptes_shared(cc);
+	int max_ptes_none = collapse_max_ptes_none(cc, vma, order);
+	unsigned int max_ptes_shared = collapse_max_ptes_shared(cc, order);
+
+	if (max_ptes_none < 0)
+		return result;
 
-	for (_pte = pte; _pte < pte + HPAGE_PMD_NR;
+	for (_pte = pte; _pte < pte + nr_pages;
 	     _pte++, addr += PAGE_SIZE) {
 		pte_t pteval = ptep_get(_pte);
 		if (pte_none_or_zero(pteval)) {
@@ -734,18 +773,18 @@ out:
 }
 
 static void __collapse_huge_page_copy_succeeded(pte_t *pte,
-						struct vm_area_struct *vma,
-						unsigned long address,
-						spinlock_t *ptl,
-						struct list_head *compound_pagelist)
+		struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address,
+		spinlock_t *ptl, unsigned int order,
+		struct list_head *compound_pagelist)
 {
-	unsigned long end = address + HPAGE_PMD_SIZE;
+	const unsigned long nr_pages = 1UL << order;
+	unsigned long end = address + (PAGE_SIZE << order);
 	struct folio *src, *tmp;
 	pte_t pteval;
 	pte_t *_pte;
 	unsigned int nr_ptes;
 
-	for (_pte = pte; _pte < pte + HPAGE_PMD_NR; _pte += nr_ptes,
+	for (_pte = pte; _pte < pte + nr_pages; _pte += nr_ptes,
 	     address += nr_ptes * PAGE_SIZE) {
 		nr_ptes = 1;
 		pteval = ptep_get(_pte);
@@ -798,13 +837,11 @@ static void __collapse_huge_page_copy_su
 }
 
 static void __collapse_huge_page_copy_failed(pte_t *pte,
-					     pmd_t *pmd,
-					     pmd_t orig_pmd,
-					     struct vm_area_struct *vma,
-					     struct list_head *compound_pagelist)
+		pmd_t *pmd, pmd_t orig_pmd, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
+		unsigned int order, struct list_head *compound_pagelist)
 {
+	const unsigned long nr_pages = 1UL << order;
 	spinlock_t *pmd_ptl;
-
 	/*
 	 * Re-establish the PMD to point to the original page table
 	 * entry. Restoring PMD needs to be done prior to releasing
@@ -818,7 +855,7 @@ static void __collapse_huge_page_copy_fa
 	 * Release both raw and compound pages isolated
 	 * in __collapse_huge_page_isolate.
 	 */
-	release_pte_pages(pte, pte + HPAGE_PMD_NR, compound_pagelist);
+	release_pte_pages(pte, pte + nr_pages, compound_pagelist);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -838,16 +875,16 @@ static void __collapse_huge_page_copy_fa
  */
 static enum scan_result __collapse_huge_page_copy(pte_t *pte, struct folio *folio,
 		pmd_t *pmd, pmd_t orig_pmd, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
-		unsigned long address, spinlock_t *ptl,
+		unsigned long address, spinlock_t *ptl, unsigned int order,
 		struct list_head *compound_pagelist)
 {
+	const unsigned long nr_pages = 1UL << order;
 	unsigned int i;
 	enum scan_result result = SCAN_SUCCEED;
-
 	/*
 	 * Copying pages' contents is subject to memory poison at any iteration.
 	 */
-	for (i = 0; i < HPAGE_PMD_NR; i++) {
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
 		pte_t pteval = ptep_get(pte + i);
 		struct page *page = folio_page(folio, i);
 		unsigned long src_addr = address + i * PAGE_SIZE;
@@ -866,10 +903,10 @@ static enum scan_result __collapse_huge_
 
 	if (likely(result == SCAN_SUCCEED))
 		__collapse_huge_page_copy_succeeded(pte, vma, address, ptl,
-						    compound_pagelist);
+						    order, compound_pagelist);
 	else
 		__collapse_huge_page_copy_failed(pte, pmd, orig_pmd, vma,
-						 compound_pagelist);
+						 order, compound_pagelist);
 
 	return result;
 }
@@ -1040,12 +1077,12 @@ static enum scan_result check_pmd_still_
  * Returns result: if not SCAN_SUCCEED, mmap_lock has been released.
  */
 static enum scan_result __collapse_huge_page_swapin(struct mm_struct *mm,
-		struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long start_addr, pmd_t *pmd,
-		int referenced)
+		struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long start_addr,
+		pmd_t *pmd, int referenced, unsigned int order)
 {
 	int swapped_in = 0;
 	vm_fault_t ret = 0;
-	unsigned long addr, end = start_addr + (HPAGE_PMD_NR * PAGE_SIZE);
+	unsigned long addr, end = start_addr + (PAGE_SIZE << order);
 	enum scan_result result;
 	pte_t *pte = NULL;
 	spinlock_t *ptl;
@@ -1077,6 +1114,19 @@ static enum scan_result __collapse_huge_
 		    pte_present(vmf.orig_pte))
 			continue;
 
+		/*
+		 * TODO: Support swapin without leading to further mTHP
+		 * collapses. Currently bringing in new pages via swapin may
+		 * cause a future higher order collapse on a rescan of the same
+		 * range.
+		 */
+		if (!is_pmd_order(order)) {
+			pte_unmap(pte);
+			mmap_read_unlock(mm);
+			result = SCAN_EXCEED_SWAP_PTE;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
 		vmf.pte = pte;
 		vmf.ptl = ptl;
 		ret = do_swap_page(&vmf);
@@ -1196,7 +1246,7 @@ static enum scan_result collapse_huge_pa
 		 * that case.  Continuing to collapse causes inconsistency.
 		 */
 		result = __collapse_huge_page_swapin(mm, vma, address, pmd,
-						     referenced);
+						     referenced, HPAGE_PMD_ORDER);
 		if (result != SCAN_SUCCEED)
 			goto out_nolock;
 	}
@@ -1244,6 +1294,7 @@ static enum scan_result collapse_huge_pa
 	pte = pte_offset_map_lock(mm, &_pmd, address, &pte_ptl);
 	if (pte) {
 		result = __collapse_huge_page_isolate(vma, address, pte, cc,
+						      HPAGE_PMD_ORDER,
 						      &compound_pagelist);
 		spin_unlock(pte_ptl);
 	} else {
@@ -1274,6 +1325,7 @@ static enum scan_result collapse_huge_pa
 
 	result = __collapse_huge_page_copy(pte, folio, pmd, _pmd,
 					   vma, address, pte_ptl,
+					   HPAGE_PMD_ORDER,
 					   &compound_pagelist);
 	pte_unmap(pte);
 	if (unlikely(result != SCAN_SUCCEED))
@@ -1318,9 +1370,9 @@ static enum scan_result collapse_scan_pm
 	unsigned long addr;
 	spinlock_t *ptl;
 	int node = NUMA_NO_NODE, unmapped = 0;
-	unsigned int max_ptes_none = collapse_max_ptes_none(cc, vma);
-	unsigned int max_ptes_shared = collapse_max_ptes_shared(cc);
-	unsigned int max_ptes_swap = collapse_max_ptes_swap(cc);
+	int max_ptes_none = collapse_max_ptes_none(cc, vma, HPAGE_PMD_ORDER);
+	unsigned int max_ptes_shared = collapse_max_ptes_shared(cc, HPAGE_PMD_ORDER);
+	unsigned int max_ptes_swap = collapse_max_ptes_swap(cc, HPAGE_PMD_ORDER);
 
 	VM_BUG_ON(start_addr & ~HPAGE_PMD_MASK);
 
@@ -2371,8 +2423,8 @@ static enum scan_result collapse_scan_fi
 	int present, swap;
 	int node = NUMA_NO_NODE;
 	enum scan_result result = SCAN_SUCCEED;
-	unsigned int max_ptes_none = collapse_max_ptes_none(cc, NULL);
-	unsigned int max_ptes_swap = collapse_max_ptes_swap(cc);
+	int max_ptes_none = collapse_max_ptes_none(cc, NULL, HPAGE_PMD_ORDER);
+	unsigned int max_ptes_swap = collapse_max_ptes_swap(cc, HPAGE_PMD_ORDER);
 
 	present = 0;
 	swap = 0;
_

Patches currently in -mm which might be from npache@redhat.com are

mm-khugepaged-generalize-collapse_huge_page-for-mthp-collapse.patch
mm-khugepaged-skip-collapsing-mthp-to-smaller-orders.patch
mm-khugepaged-add-per-order-mthp-collapse-failure-statistics.patch
mm-khugepaged-improve-tracepoints-for-mthp-orders.patch
mm-khugepaged-introduce-collapse_allowable_orders-helper-function.patch
mm-khugepaged-introduce-mthp-collapse-support.patch
mm-khugepaged-avoid-unnecessary-mthp-collapse-attempts.patch
documentation-mm-update-the-admin-guide-for-mthp-collapse.patch