From: Harald Freudenberger <freude@linux.ibm.com>
To: richard.henderson@linaro.org, iii@linux.ibm.com,
david@kernel.org, thuth@redhat.com, berrange@redhat.com
Cc: qemu-s390x@nongnu.org, qemu-devel@nongnu.org,
linux-s390@vger.kernel.org, dengler@linux.ibm.com,
borntraeger@linux.ibm.com, fcallies@linux.ibm.com,
cohuck@redhat.com
Subject: [PATCH v11 02/21] target/s390x: Rework s390 cpacf implementations
Date: Tue, 7 Jul 2026 18:17:49 +0200 [thread overview]
Message-ID: <20260707161815.40919-3-freude@linux.ibm.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20260707161815.40919-1-freude@linux.ibm.com>
Fix missing parts for MSA 9 kdsa and rework the cpacf handling code
so that further extensions can be made in a clean and structured way.
Introduce a new header file to hold defines, structs and function
prototypes around s390 cpacf. Use the cpcaf function defines in the
existing code.
Reviewed-by: Holger Dengler <dengler@linux.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Holger Dengler <dengler@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Ilya Leoshkevich <iii@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Harald Freudenberger <freude@linux.ibm.com>
---
target/s390x/tcg/cpacf.h | 226 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
target/s390x/tcg/crypto_helper.c | 90 ++++++++++--
target/s390x/tcg/insn-data.h.inc | 1 +
target/s390x/tcg/translate.c | 2 +
4 files changed, 306 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 target/s390x/tcg/cpacf.h
diff --git a/target/s390x/tcg/cpacf.h b/target/s390x/tcg/cpacf.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..49496d39ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/target/s390x/tcg/cpacf.h
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+ *
+ * s390x cpacf
+ *
+ */
+
+#ifndef S390X_CPACF_H
+#define S390X_CPACF_H
+
+/*
+ * Function codes for the KM instruction
+ */
+#define CPACF_KM_QUERY 0x00
+#define CPACF_KM_DEA 0x01
+#define CPACF_KM_TDEA_128 0x02
+#define CPACF_KM_TDEA_192 0x03
+#define CPACF_KM_AES_128 0x12
+#define CPACF_KM_AES_192 0x13
+#define CPACF_KM_AES_256 0x14
+#define CPACF_KM_PAES_128 0x1a
+#define CPACF_KM_PAES_192 0x1b
+#define CPACF_KM_PAES_256 0x1c
+#define CPACF_KM_XTS_128 0x32
+#define CPACF_KM_XTS_256 0x34
+#define CPACF_KM_PXTS_128 0x3a
+#define CPACF_KM_PXTS_256 0x3c
+#define CPACF_KM_FULL_XTS_128 0x52
+#define CPACF_KM_FULL_XTS_256 0x54
+#define CPACF_KM_FULL_PXTS_128 0x5a
+#define CPACF_KM_FULL_PXTS_256 0x5c
+
+/*
+ * Function codes for the KMC instruction
+ */
+#define CPACF_KMC_QUERY 0x00
+#define CPACF_KMC_DEA 0x01
+#define CPACF_KMC_TDEA_128 0x02
+#define CPACF_KMC_TDEA_192 0x03
+#define CPACF_KMC_AES_128 0x12
+#define CPACF_KMC_AES_192 0x13
+#define CPACF_KMC_AES_256 0x14
+#define CPACF_KMC_PAES_128 0x1a
+#define CPACF_KMC_PAES_192 0x1b
+#define CPACF_KMC_PAES_256 0x1c
+#define CPACF_KMC_PRNG 0x43
+
+/*
+ * Function codes for the KMCTR instruction
+ */
+#define CPACF_KMCTR_QUERY 0x00
+#define CPACF_KMCTR_DEA 0x01
+#define CPACF_KMCTR_TDEA_128 0x02
+#define CPACF_KMCTR_TDEA_192 0x03
+#define CPACF_KMCTR_AES_128 0x12
+#define CPACF_KMCTR_AES_192 0x13
+#define CPACF_KMCTR_AES_256 0x14
+#define CPACF_KMCTR_PAES_128 0x1a
+#define CPACF_KMCTR_PAES_192 0x1b
+#define CPACF_KMCTR_PAES_256 0x1c
+
+/*
+ * Function codes for the KIMD instruction
+ */
+#define CPACF_KIMD_QUERY 0x00
+#define CPACF_KIMD_SHA_1 0x01
+#define CPACF_KIMD_SHA_256 0x02
+#define CPACF_KIMD_SHA_512 0x03
+#define CPACF_KIMD_SHA3_224 0x20
+#define CPACF_KIMD_SHA3_256 0x21
+#define CPACF_KIMD_SHA3_384 0x22
+#define CPACF_KIMD_SHA3_512 0x23
+#define CPACF_KIMD_SHAKE_128 0x24
+#define CPACF_KIMD_SHAKE_256 0x25
+#define CPACF_KIMD_GHASH 0x41
+
+/*
+ * Function codes for the KLMD instruction
+ */
+#define CPACF_KLMD_QUERY 0x00
+#define CPACF_KLMD_SHA_1 0x01
+#define CPACF_KLMD_SHA_256 0x02
+#define CPACF_KLMD_SHA_512 0x03
+#define CPACF_KLMD_SHA3_224 0x20
+#define CPACF_KLMD_SHA3_256 0x21
+#define CPACF_KLMD_SHA3_384 0x22
+#define CPACF_KLMD_SHA3_512 0x23
+#define CPACF_KLMD_SHAKE_128 0x24
+#define CPACF_KLMD_SHAKE_256 0x25
+
+/*
+ * function codes for the KMAC instruction
+ */
+#define CPACF_KMAC_QUERY 0x00
+#define CPACF_KMAC_DEA 0x01
+#define CPACF_KMAC_TDEA_128 0x02
+#define CPACF_KMAC_TDEA_192 0x03
+#define CPACF_KMAC_AES_128 0x12
+#define CPACF_KMAC_AES_192 0x13
+#define CPACF_KMAC_AES_256 0x14
+#define CPACF_KMAC_PAES_128 0x1A
+#define CPACF_KMAC_PAES_192 0x1B
+#define CPACF_KMAC_PAES_256 0x1C
+#define CPACF_KMAC_HMAC_SHA_224 0x70
+#define CPACF_KMAC_HMAC_SHA_256 0x71
+#define CPACF_KMAC_HMAC_SHA_384 0x72
+#define CPACF_KMAC_HMAC_SHA_512 0x73
+#define CPACF_KMAC_PHMAC_SHA_224 0x78
+#define CPACF_KMAC_PHMAC_SHA_256 0x79
+#define CPACF_KMAC_PHMAC_SHA_384 0x7a
+#define CPACF_KMAC_PHMAC_SHA_512 0x7b
+
+/*
+ * Function codes for the PCKMO instruction
+ */
+#define CPACF_PCKMO_QUERY 0x00
+#define CPACF_PCKMO_ENC_DES_KEY 0x01
+#define CPACF_PCKMO_ENC_TDES_128_KEY 0x02
+#define CPACF_PCKMO_ENC_TDES_192_KEY 0x03
+#define CPACF_PCKMO_ENC_AES_128_KEY 0x12
+#define CPACF_PCKMO_ENC_AES_192_KEY 0x13
+#define CPACF_PCKMO_ENC_AES_256_KEY 0x14
+#define CPACF_PCKMO_ENC_AES_XTS_128_DOUBLE_KEY 0x14
+#define CPACF_PCKMO_ENC_AES_XTS_256_DOUBLE_KEY 0x16
+#define CPACF_PCKMO_ENC_ECC_P256_KEY 0x20
+#define CPACF_PCKMO_ENC_ECC_P384_KEY 0x21
+#define CPACF_PCKMO_ENC_ECC_P521_KEY 0x22
+#define CPACF_PCKMO_ENC_ECC_ED25519_KEY 0x28
+#define CPACF_PCKMO_ENC_ECC_ED448_KEY 0x29
+#define CPACF_PCKMO_ENC_HMAC_512_KEY 0x76
+#define CPACF_PCKMO_ENC_HMAC_1024_KEY 0x7a
+
+/*
+ * Function codes for the PRNO instruction
+ */
+#define CPACF_PRNO_QUERY 0x00
+#define CPACF_PRNO_SHA512_DRNG_GEN 0x03
+#define CPACF_PRNO_SHA512_DRNG_SEED 0x83
+#define CPACF_PRNO_TRNG_Q_R2C_RATIO 0x70
+#define CPACF_PRNO_TRNG 0x72
+
+/*
+ * Function codes for the KMA instruction
+ */
+#define CPACF_KMA_QUERY 0x00
+#define CPACF_KMA_GCM_AES_128 0x12
+#define CPACF_KMA_GCM_AES_192 0x13
+#define CPACF_KMA_GCM_AES_256 0x14
+#define CPACF_KMA_GCM_PAES_128 0x1A
+#define CPACF_KMA_GCM_PAES_192 0x1B
+#define CPACF_KMA_GCM_PAES_256 0x1C
+
+/*
+ * Function codes for the KMF instruction
+ */
+#define CPACF_KMF_QUERY 0
+#define CPACF_KMF_DEA 1
+#define CPACF_KMF_TDEA_128 2
+#define CPACF_KMF_TDEA_192 3
+#define CPACF_KMF_AES_128 18
+#define CPACF_KMF_AES_192 19
+#define CPACF_KMF_AES_256 20
+#define CPACF_KMF_PAES_128 26
+#define CPACF_KMF_PAES_192 27
+#define CPACF_KMF_PAES_256 28
+
+/*
+ * Function codes for the KMO instruction
+ */
+#define CPACF_KMO_QUERY 0
+#define CPACF_KMO_DEA 1
+#define CPACF_KMO_TDEA_128 2
+#define CPACF_KMO_TDEA_192 3
+#define CPACF_KMO_AES_128 18
+#define CPACF_KMO_AES_192 19
+#define CPACF_KMO_AES_256 20
+#define CPACF_KMO_PAES_128 26
+#define CPACF_KMO_PAES_192 27
+#define CPACF_KMO_PAES_256 28
+
+/*
+ * Function codes for the PCC instruction
+ */
+#define CPACF_PCC_QUERY 0
+#define CPACF_PCC_CMAC_DEA 1
+#define CPACF_PCC_CMAC_TDEA_128 2
+#define CPACF_PCC_CMAC_TDEA_192 3
+#define CPACF_PCC_CMAC_AES_128 18
+#define CPACF_PCC_CMAC_AES_192 19
+#define CPACF_PCC_CMAC_AES_256 20
+#define CPACF_PCC_CMAC_PAES_128 26
+#define CPACF_PCC_CMAC_PAES_192 27
+#define CPACF_PCC_CMAC_PAES_256 28
+#define CPACF_PCC_XTS_AES_128 50
+#define CPACF_PCC_XTS_AES_256 52
+#define CPACF_PCC_XTS_PAES_128 58
+#define CPACF_PCC_XTS_PAES_256 60
+#define CPACF_PCC_SM_P256 64
+#define CPACF_PCC_SM_P384 65
+#define CPACF_PCC_SM_P521 66
+#define CPACF_PCC_SM_ED25519 72
+#define CPACF_PCC_SM_ED448 73
+#define CPACF_PCC_SM_X25519 80
+#define CPACF_PCC_SM_X448 81
+
+/*
+ * Function codes for the KDSA instruction
+ */
+#define CPACF_KDSA_QUERY 0
+#define CPACF_KDSA_VERIFY_P256 1
+#define CPACF_KDSA_VERIFY_P384 2
+#define CPACF_KDSA_VERIFY_P521 3
+#define CPACF_KDSA_SIGN_P256 9
+#define CPACF_KDSA_SIGN_P384 10
+#define CPACF_KDSA_SIGN_P521 11
+#define CPACF_KDSA_PSIGN_P256 17
+#define CPACF_KDSA_PSIGN_P384 18
+#define CPACF_KDSA_PSIGN_P521 19
+#define CPACF_KDSA_VERIFY_ED25519 32
+#define CPACF_KDSA_VERIFY_ED448 36
+#define CPACF_KDSA_SIGN_ED25519 40
+#define CPACF_KDSA_SIGN_ED448 44
+#define CPACF_KDSA_PSIGN_ED25519 48
+#define CPACF_KDSA_PSIGN_ED448 52
+
+#endif /* S390X_CPACF_H */
diff --git a/target/s390x/tcg/crypto_helper.c b/target/s390x/tcg/crypto_helper.c
index 8fe0a22219..987bc72ae9 100644
--- a/target/s390x/tcg/crypto_helper.c
+++ b/target/s390x/tcg/crypto_helper.c
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
#include "exec/helper-proto.h"
#include "accel/tcg/cpu-ldst-common.h"
#include "accel/tcg/cpu-mmu-index.h"
+#include "target/s390x/tcg/cpacf.h"
static uint64_t R(uint64_t x, int c)
{
@@ -268,6 +269,57 @@ static void fill_buf_random(CPUS390XState *env, const int mmu_idx, uintptr_t ra,
}
}
+static int cpacf_kimd(CPUS390XState *env, const int mmu_idx, const uintptr_t ra,
+ uint32_t r1, uint32_t r2, uint32_t r3, uint8_t fc)
+{
+ int rc = 0;
+
+ switch (fc) {
+ case CPACF_KIMD_SHA_512:
+ rc = cpacf_sha512(env, mmu_idx, ra, env->regs[1], &env->regs[r2],
+ &env->regs[r2 + 1], S390_FEAT_TYPE_KIMD);
+ break;
+ default:
+ tcg_s390_program_interrupt(env, PGM_SPECIFICATION, ra);
+ }
+
+ return rc;
+}
+
+static int cpacf_klmd(CPUS390XState *env, const int mmu_idx, const uintptr_t ra,
+ uint32_t r1, uint32_t r2, uint32_t r3, uint8_t fc)
+{
+ int rc = 0;
+
+ switch (fc) {
+ case CPACF_KLMD_SHA_512:
+ rc = cpacf_sha512(env, mmu_idx, ra, env->regs[1], &env->regs[r2],
+ &env->regs[r2 + 1], S390_FEAT_TYPE_KLMD);
+ break;
+ default:
+ tcg_s390_program_interrupt(env, PGM_SPECIFICATION, ra);
+ }
+
+ return rc;
+}
+
+static int cpacf_ppno(CPUS390XState *env, const int mmu_idx, uintptr_t ra,
+ uint32_t r1, uint32_t r2, uint32_t r3, uint8_t fc)
+{
+ int rc = 0;
+
+ switch (fc) {
+ case CPACF_PRNO_TRNG:
+ fill_buf_random(env, mmu_idx, ra, &env->regs[r1], &env->regs[r1 + 1]);
+ fill_buf_random(env, mmu_idx, ra, &env->regs[r2], &env->regs[r2 + 1]);
+ break;
+ default:
+ tcg_s390_program_interrupt(env, PGM_SPECIFICATION, ra);
+ }
+
+ return rc;
+}
+
uint32_t HELPER(msa)(CPUS390XState *env, uint32_t r1, uint32_t r2, uint32_t r3,
uint32_t type)
{
@@ -278,13 +330,15 @@ uint32_t HELPER(msa)(CPUS390XState *env, uint32_t r1, uint32_t r2, uint32_t r3,
uint8_t subfunc[16] = { 0 };
uint64_t param_addr;
MemOpIdx oi;
+ int rc = 0;
switch (type) {
- case S390_FEAT_TYPE_KMAC:
+ case S390_FEAT_TYPE_KDSA:
case S390_FEAT_TYPE_KIMD:
case S390_FEAT_TYPE_KLMD:
- case S390_FEAT_TYPE_PCKMO:
+ case S390_FEAT_TYPE_KMAC:
case S390_FEAT_TYPE_PCC:
+ case S390_FEAT_TYPE_PCKMO:
if (mod) {
tcg_s390_program_interrupt(env, PGM_SPECIFICATION, ra);
}
@@ -296,25 +350,35 @@ uint32_t HELPER(msa)(CPUS390XState *env, uint32_t r1, uint32_t r2, uint32_t r3,
tcg_s390_program_interrupt(env, PGM_SPECIFICATION, ra);
}
- switch (fc) {
- case 0: /* query subfunction */
+ /* handle query subfunction */
+ if (fc == 0) {
oi = make_memop_idx(MO_8, mmu_idx);
- for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+ for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(subfunc); i++) {
param_addr = wrap_address(env, env->regs[1] + i);
cpu_stb_mmu(env, param_addr, subfunc[i], oi, ra);
}
+ goto out;
+ }
+
+ switch (type) {
+ case S390_FEAT_TYPE_KIMD:
+ rc = cpacf_kimd(env, mmu_idx, ra, r1, r2, r3, fc);
break;
- case 3: /* CPACF_*_SHA_512 */
- return cpacf_sha512(env, mmu_idx, ra, env->regs[1], &env->regs[r2],
- &env->regs[r2 + 1], type);
- case 114: /* CPACF_PRNO_TRNG */
- fill_buf_random(env, mmu_idx, ra, &env->regs[r1], &env->regs[r1 + 1]);
- fill_buf_random(env, mmu_idx, ra, &env->regs[r2], &env->regs[r2 + 1]);
+ case S390_FEAT_TYPE_KLMD:
+ rc = cpacf_klmd(env, mmu_idx, ra, r1, r2, r3, fc);
+ break;
+ case S390_FEAT_TYPE_PPNO:
+ rc = cpacf_ppno(env, mmu_idx, ra, r1, r2, r3, fc);
+ break;
+ case S390_FEAT_TYPE_KDSA:
+ case S390_FEAT_TYPE_KMAC:
+ /* subfunctions (other than query) are not implemented yet */
+ tcg_s390_program_interrupt(env, PGM_OPERATION, ra);
break;
default:
- /* we don't implement any other subfunction yet */
g_assert_not_reached();
}
- return 0;
+out:
+ return rc;
}
diff --git a/target/s390x/tcg/insn-data.h.inc b/target/s390x/tcg/insn-data.h.inc
index 0d5392eac5..6a0a7aacda 100644
--- a/target/s390x/tcg/insn-data.h.inc
+++ b/target/s390x/tcg/insn-data.h.inc
@@ -1015,6 +1015,7 @@
D(0xb92e, KM, RRE, MSA, 0, 0, 0, 0, msa, 0, S390_FEAT_TYPE_KM)
D(0xb92f, KMC, RRE, MSA, 0, 0, 0, 0, msa, 0, S390_FEAT_TYPE_KMC)
D(0xb929, KMA, RRF_b, MSA8, 0, 0, 0, 0, msa, 0, S390_FEAT_TYPE_KMA)
+ D(0xb93a, KDSA, RRE, MSA9, 0, 0, 0, 0, msa, 0, S390_FEAT_TYPE_KDSA)
E(0xb93c, PPNO, RRE, MSA5, 0, 0, 0, 0, msa, 0, S390_FEAT_TYPE_PPNO, IF_IO)
D(0xb93e, KIMD, RRE, MSA, 0, 0, 0, 0, msa, 0, S390_FEAT_TYPE_KIMD)
D(0xb93f, KLMD, RRE, MSA, 0, 0, 0, 0, msa, 0, S390_FEAT_TYPE_KLMD)
diff --git a/target/s390x/tcg/translate.c b/target/s390x/tcg/translate.c
index 82165ac1ec..cef1b55149 100644
--- a/target/s390x/tcg/translate.c
+++ b/target/s390x/tcg/translate.c
@@ -2592,6 +2592,7 @@ static DisasJumpType op_msa(DisasContext *s, DisasOps *o)
/* FALL THROUGH */
case S390_FEAT_TYPE_PCKMO:
case S390_FEAT_TYPE_PCC:
+ case S390_FEAT_TYPE_KDSA:
break;
default:
g_assert_not_reached();
@@ -6046,6 +6047,7 @@ enum DisasInsnEnum {
#define FAC_MSA4 S390_FEAT_MSA_EXT_4 /* msa-extension-4 facility */
#define FAC_MSA5 S390_FEAT_MSA_EXT_5 /* msa-extension-5 facility */
#define FAC_MSA8 S390_FEAT_MSA_EXT_8 /* msa-extension-8 facility */
+#define FAC_MSA9 S390_FEAT_MSA_EXT_9 /* msa-extension-9 facility */
#define FAC_ECT S390_FEAT_EXTRACT_CPU_TIME
#define FAC_PCI S390_FEAT_ZPCI /* z/PCI facility */
#define FAC_AIS S390_FEAT_ADAPTER_INT_SUPPRESSION
--
2.43.0
next prev parent reply other threads:[~2026-07-07 16:18 UTC|newest]
Thread overview: 31+ messages / expand[flat|nested] mbox.gz Atom feed top
2026-07-07 16:17 [PATCH v11 00/21] target/s390x: Extend qemu CPACF support Harald Freudenberger
2026-07-07 16:17 ` [PATCH v11 01/21] target/s390x: Fix wrong address handling in address loops Harald Freudenberger
2026-07-08 10:37 ` Michael Tokarev
2026-07-08 11:18 ` Michael Tokarev
2026-07-08 14:03 ` Harald Freudenberger
2026-07-08 14:16 ` Cornelia Huck
2026-07-08 14:57 ` Harald Freudenberger
2026-07-07 16:17 ` Harald Freudenberger [this message]
2026-07-07 16:17 ` [PATCH v11 03/21] target/s390x: Move cpacf sha512 code into a new file Harald Freudenberger
2026-07-08 12:51 ` Holger Dengler
2026-07-07 16:17 ` [PATCH v11 04/21] target/s390x: Support cpacf sha256 Harald Freudenberger
2026-07-07 16:17 ` [PATCH v11 05/21] target/s390x: Support AES ECB for cpacf km instruction Harald Freudenberger
2026-07-07 16:17 ` [PATCH v11 06/21] target/s390x: Support AES CBC for cpacf kmc instruction Harald Freudenberger
2026-07-07 16:17 ` [PATCH v11 07/21] target/s390x: Support AES CTR for cpacf kmctr instruction Harald Freudenberger
2026-07-07 16:17 ` [PATCH v11 08/21] target/s390x: Minimal AES XTS support for cpacf pcc instruction Harald Freudenberger
2026-07-07 16:17 ` [PATCH v11 09/21] target/s390x: Support AES XTS for cpacf km instruction Harald Freudenberger
2026-07-07 16:17 ` [PATCH v11 10/21] target/s390x: Base support for cpacf protected keys Harald Freudenberger
2026-07-07 16:17 ` [PATCH v11 11/21] target/s390x: Support pckmo encrypt AES subfunctions Harald Freudenberger
2026-07-07 16:17 ` [PATCH v11 12/21] target/s390x: Support protected key AES ECB for cpacf km instruction Harald Freudenberger
2026-07-07 16:18 ` [PATCH v11 13/21] target/s390x: Support protected key AES CBC for cpacf kmc instruction Harald Freudenberger
2026-07-07 16:18 ` [PATCH v11 14/21] target/s390x: Support protected key AES CTR for cpacf kmctr instruction Harald Freudenberger
2026-07-07 16:18 ` [PATCH v11 15/21] target/s390x: Minimal protected key AES XTS support for cpacf pcc instruction Harald Freudenberger
2026-07-07 16:18 ` [PATCH v11 16/21] target/s390x: Support protected key AES XTS for cpacf km instruction Harald Freudenberger
2026-07-07 16:18 ` [PATCH v11 17/21] docs/s390: Document CPACF instructions support Harald Freudenberger
2026-07-07 16:18 ` [PATCH v11 18/21] crypto: Add aes-helpers file to support some AES modes Harald Freudenberger
2026-07-08 16:52 ` Daniel P. Berrangé
2026-07-07 16:18 ` [PATCH v11 19/21] target/s390x: Use generic AES helper functions Harald Freudenberger
2026-07-08 16:53 ` Daniel P. Berrangé
2026-07-09 9:28 ` Harald Freudenberger
2026-07-07 16:18 ` [PATCH v11 20/21] target/s390x: Improve fetch and store mem from and to guest Harald Freudenberger
2026-07-07 16:18 ` [PATCH v11 21/21] tests/tcg/s390x: Add tests for CPACF instructions Harald Freudenberger
Reply instructions:
You may reply publicly to this message via plain-text email
using any one of the following methods:
* Save the following mbox file, import it into your mail client,
and reply-to-all from there: mbox
Avoid top-posting and favor interleaved quoting:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posting_style#Interleaved_style
* Reply using the --to, --cc, and --in-reply-to
switches of git-send-email(1):
git send-email \
--in-reply-to=20260707161815.40919-3-freude@linux.ibm.com \
--to=freude@linux.ibm.com \
--cc=berrange@redhat.com \
--cc=borntraeger@linux.ibm.com \
--cc=cohuck@redhat.com \
--cc=david@kernel.org \
--cc=dengler@linux.ibm.com \
--cc=fcallies@linux.ibm.com \
--cc=iii@linux.ibm.com \
--cc=linux-s390@vger.kernel.org \
--cc=qemu-devel@nongnu.org \
--cc=qemu-s390x@nongnu.org \
--cc=richard.henderson@linaro.org \
--cc=thuth@redhat.com \
/path/to/YOUR_REPLY
https://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-send-email.html
* If your mail client supports setting the In-Reply-To header
via mailto: links, try the mailto: link
Be sure your reply has a Subject: header at the top and a blank line
before the message body.
This is an external index of several public inboxes,
see mirroring instructions on how to clone and mirror
all data and code used by this external index.