[PATCH bpf-next 2/2] selftests/bpf: Add mmap/munmap benchmark for array maps

[Song Liu <song@kernel.org>]

Add a benchmark that repeatedly mmap()s and munmap()s an mmap-able BPF
array map (BPF_F_MMAPABLE) from a configurable number of threads. Both
the number of worker threads and the size of the map are tunable via
--nr-threads and --map-size, defaulting to 16 threads and 8MiB.

The benchmark is useful to observe how the cost of mmap()/munmap()
scales with the mapping size, e.g. eager vs lazy page-table population.

Signed-off-by: Song Liu <song@kernel.org>
Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-4-8
---
 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/Makefile          |   1 +
 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/bench.c           |   4 +
 .../bpf/benchs/bench_arraymap_mmap.c          | 146 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../bpf/benchs/run_bench_arraymap_mmap.sh     |  15 ++
 4 files changed, 166 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/benchs/bench_arraymap_mmap.c
 create mode 100755 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/benchs/run_bench_arraymap_mmap.sh

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/Makefile
index 55d394438705..b6593fb1135b 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/Makefile
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/Makefile
@@ -1003,6 +1003,7 @@ $(OUTPUT)/bench: $(OUTPUT)/bench.o \
 		 $(OUTPUT)/bench_bpf_timing.o \
 		 $(OUTPUT)/bench_bpf_nop.o \
 		 $(OUTPUT)/bench_xdp_lb.o \
+		 $(OUTPUT)/bench_arraymap_mmap.o \
 		 $(OUTPUT)/usdt_1.o \
 		 $(OUTPUT)/usdt_2.o \
 		 #
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/bench.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/bench.c
index 3d9d2cd7764b..192d5fcb7a74 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/bench.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/bench.c
@@ -287,6 +287,7 @@ extern struct argp bench_crypto_argp;
 extern struct argp bench_sockmap_argp;
 extern struct argp bench_lpm_trie_map_argp;
 extern struct argp bench_xdp_lb_argp;
+extern struct argp bench_arraymap_mmap_argp;
 
 static const struct argp_child bench_parsers[] = {
 	{ &bench_ringbufs_argp, 0, "Ring buffers benchmark", 0 },
@@ -304,6 +305,7 @@ static const struct argp_child bench_parsers[] = {
 	{ &bench_sockmap_argp, 0, "bpf sockmap benchmark", 0 },
 	{ &bench_lpm_trie_map_argp, 0, "LPM trie map benchmark", 0 },
 	{ &bench_xdp_lb_argp, 0, "XDP load-balancer benchmark", 0 },
+	{ &bench_arraymap_mmap_argp, 0, "arraymap-mmap benchmark", 0 },
 	{},
 };
 
@@ -582,6 +584,7 @@ extern const struct bench bench_lpm_trie_delete;
 extern const struct bench bench_lpm_trie_free;
 extern const struct bench bench_bpf_nop;
 extern const struct bench bench_xdp_lb;
+extern const struct bench bench_arraymap_mmap;
 
 static const struct bench *benchs[] = {
 	&bench_count_global,
@@ -665,6 +668,7 @@ static const struct bench *benchs[] = {
 	&bench_lpm_trie_free,
 	&bench_bpf_nop,
 	&bench_xdp_lb,
+	&bench_arraymap_mmap,
 };
 
 static void find_benchmark(void)
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/benchs/bench_arraymap_mmap.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/benchs/bench_arraymap_mmap.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..356d80a85cf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/benchs/bench_arraymap_mmap.c
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/* Copyright (c) 2026 Meta Platforms, Inc. */
+#include <argp.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include "bench.h"
+
+/* Benchmark mmap()/munmap() of an mmap-able BPF array map from N threads. */
+
+static struct ctx {
+	int map_fd;
+	size_t mmap_sz;
+} ctx;
+
+static struct {
+	__u32 nr_threads;
+	__u64 map_size;
+} args = {
+	.nr_threads = 16,
+	.map_size = 8 * 1024 * 1024, /* 8 MiB */
+};
+
+enum {
+	ARG_NR_THREADS = 5000,
+	ARG_MAP_SIZE = 5001,
+};
+
+static const struct argp_option opts[] = {
+	{ "nr-threads", ARG_NR_THREADS, "NR_THREADS", 0,
+		"Number of threads that mmap/munmap the map (default 16)" },
+	{ "map-size", ARG_MAP_SIZE, "BYTES", 0,
+		"Size of the BPF array map in bytes (default 8388608)" },
+	{},
+};
+
+static error_t parse_arg(int key, char *arg, struct argp_state *state)
+{
+	switch (key) {
+	case ARG_NR_THREADS:
+		args.nr_threads = strtoul(arg, NULL, 0);
+		if (args.nr_threads == 0) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Invalid nr-threads: %s\n", arg);
+			argp_usage(state);
+		}
+		break;
+	case ARG_MAP_SIZE:
+		args.map_size = strtoull(arg, NULL, 0);
+		if (args.map_size == 0) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Invalid map-size: %s\n", arg);
+			argp_usage(state);
+		}
+		break;
+	default:
+		return ARGP_ERR_UNKNOWN;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* exported into benchmark runner */
+const struct argp bench_arraymap_mmap_argp = {
+	.options = opts,
+	.parser = parse_arg,
+};
+
+static void validate(void)
+{
+	if (env.consumer_cnt != 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "benchmark doesn't support consumer!\n");
+		exit(1);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * The number of worker threads is controlled by --nr-threads and
+	 * drives the framework's producer machinery, so per-producer stats
+	 * are reported correctly.
+	 */
+	env.producer_cnt = args.nr_threads;
+}
+
+static long hits;
+
+static void *producer(void *input)
+{
+	while (true) {
+		void *addr;
+
+		addr = mmap(NULL, ctx.mmap_sz, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
+			    MAP_SHARED, ctx.map_fd, 0);
+		if (addr == MAP_FAILED) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "mmap failed: %d\n", -errno);
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		if (munmap(addr, ctx.mmap_sz)) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "munmap failed: %d\n", -errno);
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		atomic_inc(&hits);
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static void measure(struct bench_res *res)
+{
+	res->hits = atomic_swap(&hits, 0);
+}
+
+static void setup(void)
+{
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_map_create_opts, opts, .map_flags = BPF_F_MMAPABLE);
+	long page_sz = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
+	__u32 value_size = sizeof(__u64);
+	__u32 max_entries;
+
+	setup_libbpf();
+
+	/*
+	 * mmap-able array maps round the value size up to 8 bytes and expose
+	 * PAGE_ALIGN(max_entries * elem_size) bytes to user space.
+	 */
+	max_entries = (args.map_size + value_size - 1) / value_size;
+	ctx.mmap_sz = ((__u64)max_entries * value_size + page_sz - 1) &
+		      ~(page_sz - 1);
+
+	ctx.map_fd = bpf_map_create(BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY, "mmap_array",
+				    sizeof(__u32), value_size, max_entries,
+				    &opts);
+	if (ctx.map_fd < 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "failed to create map: %d\n", -errno);
+		exit(1);
+	}
+
+	printf("array map: %u entries, mmap size %zu bytes, %u threads\n",
+	       max_entries, ctx.mmap_sz, args.nr_threads);
+}
+
+const struct bench bench_arraymap_mmap = {
+	.name = "arraymap-mmap",
+	.argp = &bench_arraymap_mmap_argp,
+	.validate = validate,
+	.setup = setup,
+	.producer_thread = producer,
+	.measure = measure,
+	.report_progress = ops_report_progress,
+	.report_final = ops_report_final,
+};
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/benchs/run_bench_arraymap_mmap.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/benchs/run_bench_arraymap_mmap.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000000..3efd441cd653
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/benchs/run_bench_arraymap_mmap.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+source ./benchs/run_common.sh
+
+set -eufo pipefail
+
+for t in 1 4 8 16; do
+for s in 1048576 8388608 67108864; do
+subtitle "nr_threads: $t, map_size: $s"
+	summarize_ops "arraymap-mmap: " \
+	    "$($RUN_BENCH --nr-threads $t --map-size $s arraymap-mmap)"
+	printf "\n"
+done
+done
-- 
2.53.0-Meta