[PATCH v5 1/1] nvme-multipath: expose path_state via sysfs

[Guixin Liu <kanie@linux.alibaba.com>]

Add a read-only "path_state" sysfs attribute to each NVMe path namespace
device (/sys/class/nvme/nvmeX/nvmeXcYnZ/path_state) that exposes the
current path state, including whether the path is enabled or disabled
with a specific reason.

Factor the path disable checks from nvme_path_is_disabled() into a new
nvme_path_get_state() helper that returns an enum nvme_path_state. This
keeps the path selection logic and sysfs reporting in sync, so any future
updates to the path disable criteria are automatically reflected in the
sysfs output.

Possible values:
  - "enabled"      : path is usable for I/O
  - "ctrl-down"    : controller is not live
  - "ana-pending"  : ANA state change pending
  - "ns-not-ready" : namespace is not ready

This gives userspace visibility into the multipath path selection state
without requiring users to piece together controller state and namespace
flags manually.

Signed-off-by: Guixin Liu <kanie@linux.alibaba.com>
---
 Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-nvme | 21 +++++++++++++
 drivers/nvme/host/multipath.c       | 47 +++++++++++++++++++++++++----
 drivers/nvme/host/nvme.h            |  1 +
 drivers/nvme/host/sysfs.c           |  4 ++-
 4 files changed, 66 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-nvme b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-nvme
index a2f5d0710db4..a0bb88ca1694 100644
--- a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-nvme
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-nvme
@@ -326,6 +326,27 @@ Description:
 		currently selected path. Returns empty if iopolicy is not
 		"numa". Requires CONFIG_NVME_MULTIPATH.
 
+What:		/sys/block/nvmeXcYnZ/path_state
+Date:		September 2026
+KernelVersion:	7.4
+Contact:	Guixin Liu <kanie@linux.alibaba.com>
+Description:
+		Shows the current multipath path state for this namespace
+		path device. Possible values:
+
+		"enabled": the path is usable for I/O.
+
+		"ctrl-down": the path is disabled because the controller
+		is not live.
+
+		"ana-pending": the path is disabled because an ANA state
+		change is pending.
+
+		"ns-not-ready": the path is disabled because the namespace
+		is not ready.
+
+		Requires CONFIG_NVME_MULTIPATH.
+
 What:		/sys/block/nvmeXnY/delayed_removal_secs
 Date:		May 2025
 KernelVersion:	6.16
diff --git a/drivers/nvme/host/multipath.c b/drivers/nvme/host/multipath.c
index 9b9a657fa330..84230ac02a48 100644
--- a/drivers/nvme/host/multipath.c
+++ b/drivers/nvme/host/multipath.c
@@ -288,7 +288,14 @@ void nvme_mpath_revalidate_paths(struct nvme_ns_head *head)
 	kblockd_schedule_work(&head->requeue_work);
 }
 
-static bool nvme_path_is_disabled(struct nvme_ns *ns)
+enum nvme_path_state {
+	NVME_PATH_ENABLED,
+	NVME_PATH_DISABLED_CTRL_DOWN,
+	NVME_PATH_DISABLED_ANA_PENDING,
+	NVME_PATH_DISABLED_NS_NOT_READY,
+};
+
+static enum nvme_path_state nvme_path_get_state(struct nvme_ns *ns)
 {
 	enum nvme_ctrl_state state = nvme_ctrl_state(ns->ctrl);
 
@@ -298,11 +305,17 @@ static bool nvme_path_is_disabled(struct nvme_ns *ns)
 	 * Otherwise it will fail immediately and return to the requeue list.
 	 */
 	if (state != NVME_CTRL_LIVE && state != NVME_CTRL_DELETING)
-		return true;
-	if (test_bit(NVME_NS_ANA_PENDING, &ns->flags) ||
-	    !test_bit(NVME_NS_READY, &ns->flags))
-		return true;
-	return false;
+		return NVME_PATH_DISABLED_CTRL_DOWN;
+	if (test_bit(NVME_NS_ANA_PENDING, &ns->flags))
+		return NVME_PATH_DISABLED_ANA_PENDING;
+	if (!test_bit(NVME_NS_READY, &ns->flags))
+		return NVME_PATH_DISABLED_NS_NOT_READY;
+	return NVME_PATH_ENABLED;
+}
+
+static bool nvme_path_is_disabled(struct nvme_ns *ns)
+{
+	return nvme_path_get_state(ns) != NVME_PATH_ENABLED;
 }
 
 static struct nvme_ns *__nvme_find_path(struct nvme_ns_head *head, int node)
@@ -1105,6 +1118,28 @@ static ssize_t queue_depth_show(struct device *dev,
 }
 DEVICE_ATTR_RO(queue_depth);
 
+static const char * const nvme_path_state_names[] = {
+	[NVME_PATH_ENABLED]			= "enabled",
+	[NVME_PATH_DISABLED_CTRL_DOWN]		= "ctrl-down",
+	[NVME_PATH_DISABLED_ANA_PENDING]	= "ana-pending",
+	[NVME_PATH_DISABLED_NS_NOT_READY]	= "ns-not-ready",
+};
+
+static ssize_t path_state_show(struct device *dev,
+		struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
+{
+	struct nvme_ns *ns = nvme_get_ns_from_dev(dev);
+	enum nvme_path_state state = nvme_path_get_state(ns);
+	const char *name = "unknown";
+
+	if (state < ARRAY_SIZE(nvme_path_state_names) &&
+	    nvme_path_state_names[state])
+		name = nvme_path_state_names[state];
+
+	return sysfs_emit(buf, "%s\n", name);
+}
+DEVICE_ATTR_RO(path_state);
+
 static ssize_t numa_nodes_show(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
 		char *buf)
 {
diff --git a/drivers/nvme/host/nvme.h b/drivers/nvme/host/nvme.h
index 824651cc898d..9a9af2a24136 100644
--- a/drivers/nvme/host/nvme.h
+++ b/drivers/nvme/host/nvme.h
@@ -1075,6 +1075,7 @@ extern struct device_attribute dev_attr_ana_grpid;
 extern struct device_attribute dev_attr_ana_state;
 extern struct device_attribute dev_attr_queue_depth;
 extern struct device_attribute dev_attr_numa_nodes;
+extern struct device_attribute dev_attr_path_state;
 extern struct device_attribute dev_attr_delayed_removal_secs;
 extern struct device_attribute dev_attr_multipath_failover_count;
 extern struct device_attribute dev_attr_io_requeue_no_usable_path_count;
diff --git a/drivers/nvme/host/sysfs.c b/drivers/nvme/host/sysfs.c
index 75b2d69b5957..c457a2c67c0b 100644
--- a/drivers/nvme/host/sysfs.c
+++ b/drivers/nvme/host/sysfs.c
@@ -261,6 +261,7 @@ static struct attribute *nvme_ns_attrs[] = {
 	&dev_attr_ana_state.attr,
 	&dev_attr_queue_depth.attr,
 	&dev_attr_numa_nodes.attr,
+	&dev_attr_path_state.attr,
 	&dev_attr_delayed_removal_secs.attr,
 #endif
 	&dev_attr_io_passthru_err_log_enabled.attr,
@@ -294,7 +295,8 @@ static umode_t nvme_ns_attrs_are_visible(struct kobject *kobj,
 		if (!nvme_ctrl_use_ana(nvme_get_ns_from_dev(dev)->ctrl))
 			return 0;
 	}
-	if (a == &dev_attr_queue_depth.attr || a == &dev_attr_numa_nodes.attr) {
+	if (a == &dev_attr_queue_depth.attr || a == &dev_attr_numa_nodes.attr ||
+	    a == &dev_attr_path_state.attr) {
 		if (nvme_disk_is_ns_head(dev_to_disk(dev)))
 			return 0;
 	}
-- 
2.43.7