+ mm-vma-add-and-use-vma__is_fixed_mapping.patch added to mm-unstable branch

[Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>]

The patch titled
     Subject: mm/vma: add and use vma_[flags]_is_fixed_mapping
has been added to the -mm mm-unstable branch.  Its filename is
     mm-vma-add-and-use-vma__is_fixed_mapping.patch

This patch will shortly appear at
     https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/25-new.git/tree/patches/mm-vma-add-and-use-vma__is_fixed_mapping.patch

This patch will later appear in the mm-unstable branch at
    git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm

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------------------------------------------------------
From: "Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)" <ljs@kernel.org>
Subject: mm/vma: add and use vma_[flags]_is_fixed_mapping
Date: Sat, 03 Oct 2026 17:32:47 +0100

This determines whether a VMA cannot be expanded or merged because what
they mapped was determined to be a set size at mmap time.

This typically refers to mappings not managed by core mm, however
VMA_DONTEXPAND_BIT
is not reliably set alongside VMA_PFNMAP_BIT or VMA_MIXEDMAP_BIT, so we
must explicitly test for this for now.

We also explicitly test for VMA_PFNMAP_BIT as VMA_DONTEXPAND_BIT may not be
set for VMA_PFNMAP_BIT's despite the one implying the other.

Use this predicate in vma_flags_can_merge() and in check_prep_vma() in the
mremap logic testing to see if mremap() can expand the VMA. The criteria
for khugepaged and MADV_COLLAPSE eligibility in
__thp_vma_allowable_orders() are precisely those for mergeability, so use
vma_can_merge() there (with an expanded comment).

This obviates the need for the VM_NO_KHUGEPAGED mask, so remove it.

Hugetlb VMAs remain excluded from khugepaged as hugetlbfs always sets
VMA_DONTEXPAND_BIT.

Also update the userland VMA tests to reflect the change.

No functional change intended.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20261003-b4-mmap-prepare-vma-flag-sanify-v4-16-a1f052500fd7@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM) <ljs@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
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---

 include/linux/mm.h              |   39 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++----
 mm/huge_memory.c                |   11 +++++---
 mm/mremap.c                     |    5 +--
 tools/testing/vma/include/dup.h |   16 +++++++++++-
 4 files changed, 59 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

--- a/include/linux/mm.h~mm-vma-add-and-use-vma__is_fixed_mapping
+++ a/include/linux/mm.h
@@ -601,9 +601,6 @@ enum {
 #define VMA_REMAP_FLAGS mk_vma_flags(VMA_IO_BIT, VMA_PFNMAP_BIT,	\
 				     VMA_DONTEXPAND_BIT, VMA_DONTDUMP_BIT)
 
-/* This mask prevents VMA from being scanned with khugepaged */
-#define VM_NO_KHUGEPAGED (VM_SPECIAL | VM_HUGETLB)
-
 /* This mask defines which mm->def_flags a process can inherit its parent */
 #define VM_INIT_DEF_MASK	VM_NOHUGEPAGE
 
@@ -1649,6 +1646,40 @@ static inline bool vma_is_mm_managed(con
 }
 
 /**
+ * vma_flags_is_fixed_mapping() - Do the specified VMA flags indicate that this
+ * is a fixed mapping that cannot be expanded or merged?
+ * @flags: The VMA flags to test.
+ *
+ * Fixed mappings are those whose size is set at the point of mmap (for
+ * instance, a mapping of a fixed range of memory established by a driver),
+ * and thus cannot be expanded or merged.
+ *
+ * Returns: true if the flags indicate a fixed mapping.
+ */
+static inline bool vma_flags_is_fixed_mapping(const vma_flags_t *flags)
+{
+	/*
+	 * VMA_PFNMAP_BIT should imply VMA_DONTEXPAND_BIT, but some callers set
+	 * only the former.
+	 */
+	return vma_flags_test_any(flags, VMA_PFNMAP_BIT, VMA_DONTEXPAND_BIT);
+}
+
+/**
+ * vma_is_fixed_mapping() - Is this VMA a fixed mapping that cannot be
+ * expanded or merged?
+ * @vma: The VMA to test.
+ *
+ * See vma_flags_is_fixed_mapping() for a description of this property.
+ *
+ * Returns: true if the VMA maps a fixed mapping.
+ */
+static inline bool vma_is_fixed_mapping(const struct vm_area_struct *vma)
+{
+	return vma_flags_is_fixed_mapping(&vma->flags);
+}
+
+/**
  * vma_flags_can_merge() - Do the specified VMA flags permit the VMA to be
  * merged with another?
  * @flags: The VMA flags to test.
@@ -1669,7 +1700,7 @@ static inline bool vma_flags_can_merge(c
 	if (!vma_flags_is_mm_managed(flags))
 		return false;
 	/* VMA explicitly marked as being unmergeable. */
-	if (vma_flags_test(flags, VMA_DONTEXPAND_BIT))
+	if (vma_flags_is_fixed_mapping(flags))
 		return false;
 
 	return true;
--- a/mm/huge_memory.c~mm-vma-add-and-use-vma__is_fixed_mapping
+++ a/mm/huge_memory.c
@@ -212,11 +212,14 @@ unsigned long __thp_vma_allowable_orders
 		return in_pf ? orders : 0;
 
 	/*
-	 * khugepaged special VMA and hugetlb VMA.
-	 * Must be checked after dax since some dax mappings may have
-	 * VM_MIXEDMAP set.
+	 * khugepaged moves data from VMAs once collapsed, after they have been
+	 * faulted in, relying on refaulting for file-backed memory.
+	 *
+	 * Mappings not managed by core mm cannot be reliably reconstructed from
+	 * page faults, and fixed mappings (including hugetlb) may well be
+	 * mm-managed - precisely the mappings which cannot be merged.
 	 */
-	if (!in_pf && !smaps && (vm_flags & VM_NO_KHUGEPAGED))
+	if (!in_pf && !smaps && !vma_can_merge(vma))
 		return 0;
 
 	/*
--- a/mm/mremap.c~mm-vma-add-and-use-vma__is_fixed_mapping
+++ a/mm/mremap.c
@@ -1822,8 +1822,7 @@ static int check_prep_vma(struct vma_rem
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
-	if ((vrm->flags & MREMAP_DONTUNMAP) &&
-	    vma_test_any(vma, VMA_DONTEXPAND_BIT, VMA_PFNMAP_BIT))
+	if ((vrm->flags & MREMAP_DONTUNMAP) && vma_is_fixed_mapping(vma))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
 	/*
@@ -1861,7 +1860,7 @@ static int check_prep_vma(struct vma_rem
 	if (pgoff + (new_len >> PAGE_SHIFT) < pgoff)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	if (vma_test_any(vma, VMA_DONTEXPAND_BIT, VMA_PFNMAP_BIT))
+	if (vma_is_fixed_mapping(vma))
 		return -EFAULT;
 
 	if (!mlock_future_ok(mm, vma_test(vma, VMA_LOCKED_BIT), vrm->delta))
--- a/tools/testing/vma/include/dup.h~mm-vma-add-and-use-vma__is_fixed_mapping
+++ a/tools/testing/vma/include/dup.h
@@ -1676,6 +1676,20 @@ static inline bool vma_is_mm_managed(con
 	return vma_flags_is_mm_managed(&vma->flags);
 }
 
+static inline bool vma_flags_is_fixed_mapping(const vma_flags_t *flags)
+{
+	/*
+	 * VMA_PFNMAP_BIT should imply VMA_DONTEXPAND_BIT, but some callers set
+	 * only the former.
+	 */
+	return vma_flags_test_any(flags, VMA_PFNMAP_BIT, VMA_DONTEXPAND_BIT);
+}
+
+static inline bool vma_is_fixed_mapping(const struct vm_area_struct *vma)
+{
+	return vma_flags_is_fixed_mapping(&vma->flags);
+}
+
 static inline bool vma_flags_can_merge(const vma_flags_t *flags)
 {
 	/*
@@ -1691,7 +1705,7 @@ static inline bool vma_flags_can_merge(c
 	if (!vma_flags_is_mm_managed(flags))
 		return false;
 	/* VMA explicitly marked as being unmergeable. */
-	if (vma_flags_test(flags, VMA_DONTEXPAND_BIT))
+	if (vma_flags_is_fixed_mapping(flags))
 		return false;
 
 	return true;
_

Patches currently in -mm which might be from ljs@kernel.org are

mm-mremap-fix-locked_vm-leak-from-mremap_dontunmap-self-merge.patch
mm-mremap-fix-locked_vm-leak-by-splitting-vma-for-mremap_dontunmap.patch
drivers-char-mem-mmap-readonly-map_shared-dev-zero-correctly.patch
mm-vmpressure-remove-window-size-todo.patch
tools-testing-selftests-mm-add-missing-gitignore-entries.patch
mm-move-drivers-char-memc-to-mm-char-memc.patch
mm-implement-file_is_dev_zero-to-uniquely-identify-dev-zero.patch
mm-vma-only-permit-map_private-dev-zero-to-be-mapped-anonymous.patch
mm-vma-make-map_private-mapped-dev-zero-mappings-truly-anonymous.patch
tools-testing-vma-add-test-to-assert-map_private-dev-zero-is-anon.patch
tools-testing-selftests-mm-add-map_private-dev-zero-merge-tests.patch
mm-madvise-swap-in-cowd-map_private-file-mappings-on-madv_willneed.patch
mm-khugepaged-deposit-a-newly-allocated-page-table-on-collapse.patch
mm-enable-mmu_gather_rcu_table_free-for-most-2-level-architectures.patch
mm-enable-mmu_gather_rcu_table_free-for-mmu-riscv.patch
mm-enable-mmu_gather_rcu_table_free-for-mmu-arm.patch
mm-enable-mmu_gather_rcu_table_free-for-arc-microblaze-xtensa.patch
mm-enable-mmu_gather_rcu_table_free-for-sparc64.patch
mm-enable-mmu_gather_rcu_table_free-for-m68k-coldfire.patch
mm-enable-mmu_gather_rcu_table_free-for-sh-x2.patch
mm-enable-mmu_gather_rcu_table_free-for-m68k-motorola.patch
mm-enable-mmu_gather_rcu_table_free-for-sparc32.patch
mm-userland-pgtable-freeing-is-rcu-safe-now-remove-leftover-bits.patch
mm-change-the-contract-for-free_pgtables-update-docs.patch
mm-vma-fix-mmap_prepare-file-handling-remove-file_doesnt_need_get.patch
mm-vma-introduce-and-use-vma_can_merge.patch
mm-consistently-validate-vma-state-after-mmap-hooks.patch
mm-vma-ensure-mmap_prepare-doesnt-set-actions-on-a-mergeable-vma.patch
mm-make-map_kernel_pages_-internal-and-unexported.patch
mm-vma-tidy-up-map-kernel-pages-enum-values.patch
mm-add-mmap-action-for-discontiguous-kernel-page-mapping.patch
docs-filesystems-update-mmap_prepare-docs-for-discontig-kernel-pgs.patch
drivers-usb-mon-update-to-use-mmap_prepare-map-kernel-pages.patch
infiniband-update-hfi1-to-use-remap_vmalloc_range.patch
selinux-reject-writable-opens-of-policy-file-drop-mmap-shared-write-check.patch
alsa-pcm-use-vm_insert_page-to-map-pcm-status-page.patch
bpf-arena-mark-arena_map_mmap-mappings-vm_mixedmap.patch
mm-vma-add-vma_is_mm_managed-predicates.patch
mm-vma-only-allow-mmap-to-clear-vma_maywrite_bit-if-not-mm-managed.patch
mm-vma-add-and-use-vma__is_fixed_mapping.patch
scsi-sg-convert-mmap-hook-to-mmap_prepare-and-rework.patch
fbdev-defio-assert-fbinfo_virtfb-drop-vm_io-add-vm_mixedmap.patch
hsi-cmt_speech-convert-mmap-hook-to-mmap_prepare-refactor.patch
mm-gup-error-out-early-on-vma_mayread_bit-vmas.patch
uprobes-remove-vm_io-set-vm_mixedmap-for-mapped-kernel-pages.patch
mm-mlock-clear-vma_locked_mask-over-mmap-callback.patch
mm-mlock-eliminate-weird-vma_io_bit-abuse-and-simplify.patch
mm-vma-enforce-that-mm-managed-mappings-may-not-set-vma_io_bit.patch
mm-remove-vma_io_bit-check-in-vma_is_mm_managed.patch
mm-remove-hugetlb_inlineh.patch
mm-rename-is_vm_hugetlb_page-to-vma_is_hugetlb.patch
mm-drop-some-redundant-checks-around-hugetlb-vmas.patch
mm-madvise-update-is_valid_guard_vma-to-use-vma_can_merge.patch
mm-vma-introduce-vma_is_mm_backed.patch
mm-uffd-use-predicates-for-userfaultfd-checks.patch
mm-madvise-use-predicates-for-madvise-madv_dofork.patch
mm-eliminate-vma_special_flags-usage-when-hugetlb-explicitly-tested.patch
mm-eliminate-vma_special_flags-check-in-lru_gen_look_around.patch
mm-avoid-use-of-vma_special_flags-in-migrate_vma_setup.patch
mm-eliminate-vm_special-vma_special_flags.patch
fuse-dax-do-not-set-vm_mixedmap.patch
mm-huge_memory-remove-vma_is_special_huge.patch
mm-vma-const-ify-vma_assert_stabilised-and-associated-functions.patch
mm-implement-and-use-vma_has_anon_rmap-silence-kcsan.patch
mm-update-comments-to-refer-to-anon-rmap-rather-than-anon_vma.patch
mm-vma-dont-remove-vma-from-rmap-if-pgoff-unchanged.patch