FAILED: patch "[PATCH] mm/mempolicy: use vm_normal_folio_pmd() in queue_folios_pmd()" failed to apply to 6.12-stable tree

[Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>]

The patch below does not apply to the 6.12-stable tree.
If someone wants it applied there, or to any other stable or longterm
tree, then please email the backport, including the original git commit
id to <stable@vger.kernel.org>.

To reproduce the conflict and resubmit, you may use the following commands:

git fetch https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git/ linux-6.12.y
git checkout FETCH_HEAD
git cherry-pick -x 9057170a941f0c5f4058f6fb9ab5d5fc9fcc9e83
# <resolve conflicts, build, test, etc.>
git commit -s
git send-email --to '<stable@vger.kernel.org>' --in-reply-to '20261107052032-failed-6.12-9057170a941f@kernel.org' --subject-prefix 'PATCH 6.12.y' 'HEAD^..'

Thanks,
Sasha

------------------ original commit in Linus's tree ------------------

From 9057170a941f0c5f4058f6fb9ab5d5fc9fcc9e83 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Gregory Price <gourry@gourry.net>
Date: Sat, 26 Sep 2026 06:51:09 -0400
Subject: [PATCH] mm/mempolicy: use vm_normal_folio_pmd() in queue_folios_pmd()

Patch series "mm: stop calling pmd_folio() on special PMDs", v3.

Two page table walkers resolve the folio behind a PMD with pmd_folio(),
which is only valid for a PMD mapping a refcounted struct page:

  madvise_cold_or_pageout_pte_range() mm/madvise.c
  queue_folios_pmd() mm/mempolicy.c

vmf_insert_pfn_pmd() installs special PMDs holding a raw pfn that need not
have a memmap entry at all.  Both walkers can reach one and fault on the
first folio field read.  The PTE halves of both already use
vm_normal_folio(); these two patches make the PMD halves match.

The four callers of vmf_insert_pfn_pmd(), and which walker each reaches:

  drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_core.c        VM_PFNMAP     mempolicy
  drivers/gpu/drm/drm_gem_shmem_helper.c  VM_PFNMAP     mempolicy
  drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.c   VM_PFNMAP     mempolicy
  drivers/hv/mshv_vtl_main.c              VM_MIXEDMAP   both

can_madv_lru_vma() rejects VM_PFNMAP, so only mshv_vtl_low reaches the
madvise walker, and that needs CAP_SYS_ADMIN.  queue_pages_walk_ops
supplies its own ->test_walk, so walk_page_test()'s generic VM_PFNMAP skip
never runs and vfio-pci is reachable by any process holding the device fd.
Hence the different stable tags.

One behaviour change: mbind(MPOL_MF_STRICT) over a PMD mapped VM_PFNMAP
region now returns 0 rather than -EIO.  The PTE loop already returned 0
there.  drm_gem_shmem and panthor are where this is observable, since they
PMD map pages that do have a memmap entry and so never faulted.

Reproducer
==========

No hardware needed.  An out of tree module stands in for the drivers
above: three misc devices, each with a ->huge_fault calling
vmf_insert_pfn_pmd(), plus VM_HUGEPAGE so the fault path takes the PMD
branch.

  /dev/pmdspec_mixed    VM_MIXEDMAP, pfn at the 1 TiB mark, no memmap
  /dev/pmdspec_pfnmap   VM_PFNMAP,   pfn at the 1 TiB mark, no memmap
  /dev/pmdspec_real     VM_PFNMAP,   real alloc_pages(PMD_ORDER) on node 0

Userspace maps the device into a PMD aligned window, reads one byte to
fault the PMD in, checks a module parameter to confirm it went in, then
issues the operation.

  vng --run <bzImage> --user root --memory 4G --verbose \
      --append "numa=fake=2" \
      --exec "insmod pmdspec.ko && ./pmdspec_test <subtest>"

numa=fake=2 gives a node 1 to bind to; the module allocates its real page
on node 0, which is what makes queue_folio_required() true.

  subtest        operation                              parent   series
  --------------------------------------------------------------------
  madv_cold      madvise(MADV_COLD)                     oops     ret=0
  madv_pageout   madvise(MADV_PAGEOUT)                  oops     ret=0
  mbind_mixed    mbind(MPOL_BIND, n1, MPOL_MF_MOVE)     oops     ret=0
  mbind_pfnmap   mbind(MPOL_BIND, n1, MPOL_MF_STRICT)   oops     ret=0
  mbind_real     mbind(MPOL_BIND, n1, MPOL_MF_STRICT)   -EIO     ret=0

Two things the table shows that are easy to miss in the code:

  - mbind_mixed passes only MPOL_MF_MOVE.  MPOL_MF_STRICT is not needed for
    a VM_MIXEDMAP vma: walk_page_test() only skips VM_PFNMAP, and
    vma_migratable() is true for VM_MIXEDMAP.

  - mbind_real demonstrates the user visible change (-EIO -> 0)


This patch (of 2):

mmap a VM_PFNMAP region whose ->huge_fault installs a PMD through
vmf_insert_pfn_pmd() - a vfio-pci MMIO BAR does this - then

	mbind(p, len, MPOL_BIND, &mask, maxnode, MPOL_MF_STRICT);

With a stand-in module for the driver:

  BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: fffff96dc0000008
  RIP: 0010:queue_folios_pte_range+0xaf/0x440
   walk_pgd_range+0x52b/0xaf0
   __walk_page_range+0x6a/0x1d0
   walk_page_range_mm_unsafe+0x193/0x230
   queue_pages_range+0x64/0xa0
   do_mbind+0x25e/0x640

queue_folios_pmd(), inlined above, calls pmd_folio() on that PMD.  The pfn
is raw MMIO with no memmap entry, so the folio lands in unpopulated
vmemmap.  Neither guard stops the walk:

  walk_page_test()         skips VM_PFNMAP, but queue_pages_walk_ops
                           supplies ->test_walk, so it never runs
  queue_pages_test_walk()  honours vma_migratable(), but only while
                           MPOL_MF_STRICT is clear

A VM_MIXEDMAP vma needs neither flag, being vma_migratable(), so plain
mbind(MPOL_MF_MOVE) reaches this too - and there the bad folio carries on
into migrate_folio_add() and folio_isolate_lru().  mshv_vtl_low is such a
mapping.

Use vm_normal_folio_pmd() and skip on NULL, as the PTE loop in
queue_folios_pte_range() already does with vm_normal_folio().  This also
filters the huge zero PMD, so its separate check is no longer needed.

mbind(MPOL_MF_STRICT) over a PMD mapped VM_PFNMAP region now returns 0
rather than -EIO.  The PTE loop already returned 0 there.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260926105110.2156652-1-gourry@gourry.net
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260926105110.2156652-2-gourry@gourry.net
Fixes: 3c8e44c9b369 ("mm: mark special bits for huge pfn mappings when inject")
Signed-off-by: Gregory Price (Meta) <gourry@gourry.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reported-by: sashiko-bot <sashiko-bot@kernel.org>
Closes: https://sashiko.dev/#/patchset/20260817220810.1175596-1-gourry%40gourry.net
Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
Assisted-by: LLM
Cc: Liam R. Howlett <liam@infradead.org>
Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org>
Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Cc: Joshua Hahn <joshua.hahnjy@gmail.com>
Cc: Rakie Kim <rakie.kim@sk.com>
Cc: Ying Huang <ying.huang@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@ziepe.ca>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
---
 mm/mempolicy.c | 13 +++++--------
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mm/mempolicy.c b/mm/mempolicy.c
index 95dba5d919e92..e9860fb9f73f8 100644
--- a/mm/mempolicy.c
+++ b/mm/mempolicy.c
@@ -667,7 +667,8 @@ static inline bool queue_folio_required(struct folio *folio,
 	return node_isset(nid, *qp->nmask) == !(flags & MPOL_MF_INVERT);
 }
 
-static void queue_folios_pmd(pmd_t *pmd, struct mm_walk *walk)
+static void queue_folios_pmd(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr,
+		struct mm_walk *walk)
 {
 	struct folio *folio;
 	struct queue_pages *qp = walk->private;
@@ -678,13 +679,9 @@ static void queue_folios_pmd(pmd_t *pmd, struct mm_walk *walk)
 			qp->nr_failed++;
 		return;
 	}
-	folio = pmd_folio(pmdval);
-	if (folio_is_zone_device(folio))
+	folio = vm_normal_folio_pmd(walk->vma, addr, pmdval);
+	if (!folio || folio_is_zone_device(folio))
 		return;
-	if (is_huge_zero_folio(folio)) {
-		walk->action = ACTION_CONTINUE;
-		return;
-	}
 	if (!queue_folio_required(folio, qp))
 		return;
 	if (!(qp->flags & (MPOL_MF_MOVE | MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL)) ||
@@ -717,7 +714,7 @@ static int queue_folios_pte_range(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr,
 
 	ptl = pmd_trans_huge_lock(pmd, vma);
 	if (ptl) {
-		queue_folios_pmd(pmd, walk);
+		queue_folios_pmd(pmd, addr, walk);
 		spin_unlock(ptl);
 		goto out;
 	}
-- 
2.53.0