[RFC][PATCH 7/8]ext4: move victim files for the target file (-f mode)

[Akira Fujita <a-fujita@rs.jp.nec.com>]

ext4: online defrag-- Move victim files for the target file (-f mode)

From: Akira Fujita <a-fujita@rs.jp.nec.com>

Move victim files to make sufficient space and reallocates
the contiguous blocks for the target file.

Signed-off-by: Akira Fujita <a-fujita@rs.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Sato <t-sato@yk.jp.nec.com>
---
 fs/ext4/balloc.c       |   10 +-
 fs/ext4/defrag.c       |  460 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---
 fs/ext4/ext4.h         |   29 +++-
 fs/ext4/ext4_extents.h |    5 +
 fs/ext4/extents.c      |   54 +++++--
 fs/ext4/ioctl.c        |    5 +-
 fs/ext4/mballoc.c      |    5 +
 fs/ext4/mballoc.h      |    1 +
 8 files changed, 522 insertions(+), 47 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/ext4/balloc.c b/fs/ext4/balloc.c
index a3fb70c..32e4e7e 100644
--- a/fs/ext4/balloc.c
+++ b/fs/ext4/balloc.c
@@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ restart:
  * If the goal block is within the reservation window, return 1;
  * otherwise, return 0;
  */
-static int
+int
 goal_in_my_reservation(struct ext4_reserve_window *rsv, ext4_grpblk_t grp_goal,
 			ext4_group_t group, struct super_block *sb)
 {
@@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ void ext4_rsv_window_add(struct super_block *sb,
  * from the filesystem reservation window rb tree. Must be called with
  * rsv_lock hold.
  */
-static void rsv_window_remove(struct super_block *sb,
+void rsv_window_remove(struct super_block *sb,
 			      struct ext4_reserve_window_node *rsv)
 {
 	rsv->rsv_start = EXT4_RESERVE_WINDOW_NOT_ALLOCATED;
@@ -553,7 +553,7 @@ static void rsv_window_remove(struct super_block *sb,
  *
  * returns 1 if the end block is EXT4_RESERVE_WINDOW_NOT_ALLOCATED.
  */
-static inline int rsv_is_empty(struct ext4_reserve_window *rsv)
+inline int rsv_is_empty(struct ext4_reserve_window *rsv)
 {
 	/* a valid reservation end block could not be 0 */
 	return rsv->_rsv_end == EXT4_RESERVE_WINDOW_NOT_ALLOCATED;
@@ -1289,7 +1289,7 @@ static int find_next_reservable_window(
  *	@bitmap_bh: the block group block bitmap
  *
  */
-static int alloc_new_reservation(struct ext4_reserve_window_node *my_rsv,
+int alloc_new_reservation(struct ext4_reserve_window_node *my_rsv,
 		ext4_grpblk_t grp_goal, struct super_block *sb,
 		ext4_group_t group, struct buffer_head *bitmap_bh)
 {
@@ -1433,7 +1433,7 @@ retry:
  * expand the reservation window size if necessary on a best-effort
  * basis before ext4_new_blocks() tries to allocate blocks,
  */
-static void try_to_extend_reservation(struct ext4_reserve_window_node *my_rsv,
+void try_to_extend_reservation(struct ext4_reserve_window_node *my_rsv,
 			struct super_block *sb, int size)
 {
 	struct ext4_reserve_window_node *next_rsv;
diff --git a/fs/ext4/defrag.c b/fs/ext4/defrag.c
index ac85330..40fac20 100644
--- a/fs/ext4/defrag.c
+++ b/fs/ext4/defrag.c
@@ -218,6 +218,267 @@ out:
 }

 /**
+ * ext4_defrag_reserve_blocks - Reserve blocks for defrag
+ *
+ * @org_inode:	original inode
+ * @goal:	the goal offset of the block reservation
+ * @len:	blocks count we need to reserve
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if succeed, otherwise returns error value.
+ */
+
+static int
+ext4_defrag_reserve_blocks(struct inode *org_inode, ext4_fsblk_t goal, int len)
+{
+	struct super_block *sb = NULL;
+	handle_t *handle;
+	struct buffer_head *bitmap_bh = NULL;
+	struct ext4_block_alloc_info *block_i;
+	struct ext4_reserve_window_node *my_rsv = NULL;
+	unsigned short windowsz = 0;
+	ext4_group_t group_no;
+	ext4_grpblk_t grp_target_blk;
+	int err = 0;
+
+	down_write(&EXT4_I(org_inode)->i_data_sem);
+
+	handle = ext4_journal_start(org_inode, EXT4_RESERVE_TRANS_BLOCKS);
+	if (IS_ERR(handle)) {
+		err = PTR_ERR(handle);
+		handle = NULL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (S_ISREG(org_inode->i_mode) &&
+	    !EXT4_I(org_inode)->i_block_alloc_info) {
+		ext4_init_block_alloc_info(org_inode);
+	} else if (!S_ISREG(org_inode->i_mode)) {
+		printk(KERN_ERR "ext4 defrag: Invalid file type\n");
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	sb = org_inode->i_sb;
+	if (!sb) {
+		printk(KERN_ERR "ext4 defrag: Non-existent device\n");
+		err = -ENXIO;
+		goto out;
+	}
+	ext4_get_group_no_and_offset(sb, goal, &group_no,
+				&grp_target_blk);
+
+	block_i = EXT4_I(org_inode)->i_block_alloc_info;
+	/* Block reservation should be enabled */
+	BUG_ON(!block_i);
+
+	windowsz = block_i->rsv_window_node.rsv_goal_size;
+	/* Goal size should be set */
+	BUG_ON(!windowsz);
+
+	my_rsv = &block_i->rsv_window_node;
+
+	bitmap_bh = read_block_bitmap(sb, group_no);
+	if (!bitmap_bh) {
+		err = -ENOSPC;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	BUFFER_TRACE(bitmap_bh, "get undo access for new block");
+	err = ext4_journal_get_undo_access(handle, bitmap_bh);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	err = alloc_new_reservation(my_rsv, grp_target_blk, sb,
+						group_no, bitmap_bh);
+	if (err < 0) {
+		printk(KERN_ERR "ext4 defrag: Block reservation failed."
+			"offset [%d], bg[%lu]\n", grp_target_blk, group_no);
+		ext4_discard_reservation(org_inode);
+		goto out;
+	} else if (len > EXT4_DEFAULT_RESERVE_BLOCKS) {
+		try_to_extend_reservation(my_rsv, sb,
+			len - EXT4_DEFAULT_RESERVE_BLOCKS);
+	}
+
+out:
+	up_write(&EXT4_I(org_inode)->i_data_sem);
+	ext4_journal_release_buffer(handle, bitmap_bh);
+	brelse(bitmap_bh);
+
+	if (handle)
+		ext4_journal_stop(handle);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * ext4_defrag_block_within_rsv - Is target extent reserved ?
+ *
+ * @org_inode:	original inode
+ * @ex_start:	physical block offset of the extent which already moved
+ * @ex_len:	block length of the extent
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if succeed, otherwise returns error value.
+ */
+static int
+ext4_defrag_block_within_rsv(struct inode *org_inode, ext4_fsblk_t ex_start,
+				int ex_len)
+{
+	struct super_block *sb = org_inode->i_sb;
+	struct ext4_block_alloc_info *block_i;
+	ext4_group_t group_no;
+	ext4_grpblk_t grp_blk;
+	struct ext4_reserve_window_node *rsv;
+
+	block_i = EXT4_I(org_inode)->i_block_alloc_info;
+	/* Block reservation should be enabled */
+	BUG_ON(!block_i);
+
+	/* Goal size should be set */
+	BUG_ON(!block_i->rsv_window_node.rsv_goal_size);
+
+	rsv = &block_i->rsv_window_node;
+	if (rsv_is_empty(&rsv->rsv_window)) {
+		printk(KERN_ERR "ext4 defrag: Reservation window is empty\n");
+		return -ENOSPC;
+	}
+
+	ext4_get_group_no_and_offset(sb, ex_start, &group_no, &grp_blk);
+
+	if (!goal_in_my_reservation(&rsv->rsv_window, grp_blk, group_no, sb)
+	    || !goal_in_my_reservation(&rsv->rsv_window,
+			grp_blk + ex_len - 1, group_no, sb)){
+		/* Goal blocks are not in the reservation window */
+		printk(KERN_ERR "ext4 defrag: %d or %d in bg %lu is "
+				"not in rsv_window\n", grp_blk,
+				grp_blk + ex_len - 1, group_no);
+		return -ENOSPC;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ext4_defrag_reserve_fblocks -
+ * 		Reserve free blocks with ext4_defrag_reserve_blocks
+ *
+ * @org_inode:		original inode to get a block group number
+ * @ext_info:		freeblocks distribution which stored extent-like style
+ *  @ext_info->ext[]:	an array of struct ext4_extents_data
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if succeed, otherwise returns error value.
+ */
+static int
+ext4_defrag_reserve_fblocks(struct inode *org_inode,
+			struct ext4_extents_info *ext_info)
+{
+	ext4_fsblk_t ex_start = 0;
+	int i, len, ret;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ext_info->entries; i++) {
+		ex_start = ext_info->ext[i].start;
+		len = ext_info->ext[i].len;
+
+		ret = ext4_defrag_reserve_blocks(org_inode, ex_start, len);
+		if (ret < 0) {
+			printk(KERN_ERR "ext4 defrag: "
+				"Block reservation failed. offset [%llu], "
+				"length [%d]\n", ex_start, len);
+			goto err;
+		}
+
+		/* Confirm that blocks are in the reservation window */
+		ret = ext4_defrag_block_within_rsv(org_inode, ex_start, len);
+		if (ret < 0) {
+			printk(KERN_ERR "ext4 defrag: "
+				"Reservation window is not set. "
+				"offset [%llu], length [%d]\n", ex_start, len);
+			goto err;
+		}
+	}
+	return ret;
+
+err:
+	down_write(&EXT4_I(org_inode)->i_data_sem);
+	ext4_discard_reservation(org_inode);
+	up_write(&EXT4_I(org_inode)->i_data_sem);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/**
+ * ext4_defrag_move_victim - Create free space for defrag
+ *
+ * @target_filp:	target file
+ * @ext_info:		target extents array to move
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if succeed, otherwise
+ * returns error value.
+ */
+static int
+ext4_defrag_move_victim(struct file *target_filp,
+			struct ext4_extents_info *ext_info)
+{
+	struct inode *org_inode = target_filp->f_dentry->d_inode;
+	struct super_block *sb = org_inode->i_sb;
+	struct file victim_file;
+	struct dentry victim_dent;
+	struct inode *victim_inode;
+	struct ext4_extent_data ext;
+	ext4_fsblk_t goal = ext_info->goal;
+	ext4_group_t group;
+	ext4_grpblk_t grp_off;
+	int ret, i;
+
+	/* Setup dummy extent data */
+	ext.len = 0;
+
+	/* Get the inode of the victim file */
+	victim_inode = ext4_iget(sb, ext_info->ino);
+	if (IS_ERR(victim_inode))
+		return PTR_ERR(victim_inode);
+
+	/* Setup file for the victim file */
+	victim_dent.d_inode = victim_inode;
+	victim_file.f_dentry = &victim_dent;
+	victim_file.f_mapping = victim_inode->i_mapping;
+
+	/* Set the goal appropriate offset */
+	if (goal == -1) {
+		ext4_get_group_no_and_offset(victim_inode->i_sb,
+				ext_info->ext[0].start, &group, &grp_off);
+		goal = ext4_group_first_block_no(sb, group + 1);
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ext_info->entries; i++) {
+		/* Move original blocks to another block group */
+		ret = ext4_defrag(&victim_file, ext_info->ext[i].block,
+			ext_info->ext[i].len, goal, DEFRAG_FORCE_VICTIM, &ext);
+		if (ret < 0) {
+			printk(KERN_ERR "ext4 defrag: "
+				"Moving victim file failed. ino [%llu]\n",
+				ext_info->ino);
+			goto err;
+		}
+
+		/* Sync journal blocks before reservation */
+		ret = ext4_force_commit(sb);
+		if (ret) {
+			printk(KERN_ERR "ext4 defrag: "
+				"ext4_force_commit failed(%d)\n", ret);
+			goto err;
+		}
+	}
+
+	iput(victim_inode);
+	return 0;
+err:
+	down_write(&EXT4_I(org_inode)->i_data_sem);
+	ext4_discard_reservation(org_inode);
+	up_write(&EXT4_I(org_inode)->i_data_sem);
+	iput(victim_inode);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/**
  * ext4_defrag_fblocks_distribution - Search free blocks distribution
  *
  * @org_inode:	original inode
@@ -383,6 +644,29 @@ int ext4_defrag_ioctl(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd,
 				&ext_info, sizeof(ext_info)))
 				return -EFAULT;
 		}
+	} else if (cmd == EXT4_IOC_RESERVE_BLOCK) {
+		struct ext4_extents_info ext_info;
+
+		if (copy_from_user(&ext_info,
+				(struct ext4_extents_info __user *)arg,
+				sizeof(ext_info)))
+			return -EFAULT;
+
+		err = ext4_defrag_reserve_fblocks(inode, &ext_info);
+	} else if (cmd == EXT4_IOC_MOVE_VICTIM) {
+		struct ext4_extents_info ext_info;
+
+		if (copy_from_user(&ext_info,
+			(struct ext4_extents_info __user *)arg,
+			sizeof(ext_info)))
+			return -EFAULT;
+
+		err = ext4_defrag_move_victim(filp, &ext_info);
+
+	} else if (cmd == EXT4_IOC_BLOCK_RELEASE) {
+		down_write(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_data_sem);
+		ext4_discard_reservation(inode);
+		up_write(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_data_sem);
 	} else if (cmd == EXT4_IOC_DEFRAG) {
 		struct ext4_ext_defrag_data defrag;
 		struct ext4_super_block *es = EXT4_SB(inode->i_sb)->s_es;
@@ -409,7 +693,8 @@ int ext4_defrag_ioctl(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd,
 		}

 		err = ext4_defrag(filp, defrag.start_offset,
-				defrag.defrag_size, defrag.goal);
+				defrag.defrag_size, defrag.goal, defrag.flag,
+				&defrag.ext);
 	}

 	return err;
@@ -425,6 +710,7 @@ int ext4_defrag_ioctl(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd,
  * @start_ext:		first new extent to be merged
  * @new_ext:		middle of new extent to be merged
  * @end_ext:		last new extent to be merged
+ * @phase:		phase of the force defrag mode
  *
  * This function returns 0 if succeed, otherwise returns error value.
  */
@@ -432,14 +718,20 @@ static int
 ext4_defrag_merge_across_blocks(handle_t *handle, struct inode *org_inode,
 		struct ext4_extent *o_start, struct ext4_extent *o_end,
 		struct ext4_extent *start_ext, struct ext4_extent *new_ext,
-		struct ext4_extent *end_ext)
+		struct ext4_extent *end_ext, int phase)
 {
 	struct ext4_ext_path *org_path = NULL;
 	ext4_lblk_t eblock = 0;
 	int new_flag = 0;
 	int end_flag = 0;
+	int defrag_flag;
 	int err;

+	if (phase == DEFRAG_FORCE_VICTIM)
+		defrag_flag = 1;
+	else
+		defrag_flag = 0;
+
 	if (le16_to_cpu(start_ext->ee_len) &&
 		le16_to_cpu(new_ext->ee_len) &&
 		le16_to_cpu(end_ext->ee_len)) {
@@ -516,8 +808,8 @@ ext4_defrag_merge_across_blocks(handle_t *handle, struct inode *org_inode,
 			org_path = NULL;
 			goto out;
 		}
-		err = ext4_ext_insert_extent(handle, org_inode,
-					org_path, new_ext);
+		err = ext4_ext_insert_extent_defrag(handle, org_inode,
+					org_path, new_ext, defrag_flag);
 		if (err)
 			goto out;
 	}
@@ -530,8 +822,8 @@ ext4_defrag_merge_across_blocks(handle_t *handle, struct inode *org_inode,
 			org_path = NULL;
 			goto out;
 		}
-		err = ext4_ext_insert_extent(handle, org_inode,
-					org_path, end_ext);
+		err = ext4_ext_insert_extent_defrag(handle, org_inode,
+					org_path, end_ext, defrag_flag);
 		if (err)
 			goto out;
 	}
@@ -609,6 +901,7 @@ ext4_defrag_merge_inside_block(struct ext4_extent *o_start,
  * @new_ext:	middle of new extent to be merged
  * @end_ext:	last new extent to be merged
  * @replaced:	the number of blocks which will be replaced with new_ext
+ * @phase:	phase of the force defrag mode
  *
  * This function returns 0 if succeed, otherwise returns error value.
  */
@@ -617,7 +910,7 @@ ext4_defrag_merge_extents(handle_t *handle, struct inode *org_inode,
 		struct ext4_ext_path *org_path,
 		struct ext4_extent *o_start, struct ext4_extent *o_end,
 		struct ext4_extent *start_ext, struct ext4_extent *new_ext,
-		struct ext4_extent *end_ext, ext4_fsblk_t replaced)
+		struct ext4_extent *end_ext, ext4_fsblk_t replaced, int phase)
 {
 	struct  ext4_extent_header *eh;
 	unsigned need_slots, slots_range;
@@ -655,7 +948,7 @@ ext4_defrag_merge_extents(handle_t *handle, struct inode *org_inode,

 		ret = ext4_defrag_merge_across_blocks(handle, org_inode,
 					o_start, o_end, start_ext, new_ext,
-					end_ext);
+					end_ext, phase);
 		if (ret < 0)
 			return ret;
 	} else {
@@ -688,13 +981,14 @@ ext4_defrag_merge_extents(handle_t *handle, struct inode *org_inode,
  * @org_path:		path indicates first extent to be defraged
  * @dext:		destination extent
  * @from:		start offset on the target file
+ * @phase:		phase of the force defrag mode
  *
  * This function returns 0 if succeed, otherwise returns error value.
  */
 static int
 ext4_defrag_leaf_block(handle_t *handle, struct inode *org_inode,
 		struct ext4_ext_path *org_path, struct ext4_extent *dext,
-		ext4_lblk_t *from)
+		ext4_lblk_t *from, int phase)
 {
 	struct ext4_extent *oext, *o_start = NULL, *o_end = NULL, *prev_ext;
 	struct ext4_extent new_ext, start_ext, end_ext;
@@ -795,7 +1089,7 @@ ext4_defrag_leaf_block(handle_t *handle, struct inode *org_inode,
 				+ le16_to_cpu(oext->ee_len) - 1) {
 			ret = ext4_defrag_merge_extents(handle, org_inode,
 					org_path, o_start, o_end, &start_ext,
-					&new_ext, &end_ext, replaced);
+					&new_ext, &end_ext, replaced, phase);
 			if (ret < 0)
 				return ret;

@@ -847,6 +1141,7 @@ ext4_defrag_leaf_block(handle_t *handle, struct inode *org_inode,
  * @from_page:		page offset of org_inode
  * @dest_from_page:	page offset of dest_inode
  * @count_page:		page count to be replaced
+ * @phase:              phase of the force defrag mode
  *
  * This function returns 0 if succeed, otherwise returns error value.
  * Replace extents for blocks from "from" to "from + count - 1".
@@ -854,7 +1149,7 @@ ext4_defrag_leaf_block(handle_t *handle, struct inode *org_inode,
 static int
 ext4_defrag_replace_branches(handle_t *handle, struct inode *org_inode,
 			struct inode *dest_inode, pgoff_t from_page,
-			pgoff_t dest_from_page, pgoff_t count_page)
+			pgoff_t dest_from_page, pgoff_t count_page, int phase)
 {
 	struct ext4_ext_path *org_path = NULL;
 	struct ext4_ext_path *dest_path = NULL;
@@ -922,7 +1217,7 @@ ext4_defrag_replace_branches(handle_t *handle, struct inode *org_inode,

 		/* Loop for the original extent blocks */
 		err = ext4_defrag_leaf_block(handle, org_inode,
-						org_path, dext, &from);
+						org_path, dext, &from, phase);
 		if (err < 0)
 			goto out;

@@ -932,7 +1227,7 @@ ext4_defrag_replace_branches(handle_t *handle, struct inode *org_inode,
 		 * e.g. ext4_defrag_merge_extents()
 		 */
 		err = ext4_defrag_leaf_block(handle, dest_inode,
-					dest_path, swap_ext, &dest_off);
+					dest_path, swap_ext, &dest_off, -1);
 		if (err < 0)
 			goto out;

@@ -1028,6 +1323,7 @@ out:
  * @req_blocks:		contiguous blocks count we need
  * @iblock:		target file offset
  * @goal:		goal offset
+ * @phase:              phase of the force defrag mode
  *
  */
 static void
@@ -1036,8 +1332,22 @@ ext4_defrag_fill_ar(struct inode *org_inode, struct inode *dest_inode,
 			struct ext4_ext_path *org_path,
 			struct ext4_ext_path *dest_path,
 			ext4_fsblk_t req_blocks, ext4_lblk_t iblock,
-			ext4_fsblk_t goal)
+			ext4_fsblk_t goal, int phase)
 {
+	ext4_group_t org_grp_no;
+	ext4_grpblk_t org_blk_off;
+	int org_depth = ext_depth(org_inode);
+
+	if (phase == DEFRAG_FORCE_VICTIM) {
+		ext4_get_group_no_and_offset(org_inode->i_sb,
+				ext_pblock(org_path[org_depth].p_ext),
+				&org_grp_no, &org_blk_off);
+		ar->excepted_group = org_grp_no;
+	} else {
+		/* Allocate contiguous blocks to any block group */
+		ar->excepted_group = -1;
+	}
+
 	ar->inode = dest_inode;
 	ar->len = req_blocks;
 	ar->logical = iblock;
@@ -1103,19 +1413,70 @@ ext4_defrag_alloc_blocks(handle_t *handle, struct inode *org_inode,
 }

 /**
+ * ext4_defrag_check_phase
+ * 	- Check condition of the allocated blocks (only force defrag mode)
+ *
+ * @ar:			allocation request for multiple block allocation
+ * @dest_grp_no:	block group num of the allocated blocks
+ * @goal_grp_no:	block group num of the destination of block allocation
+ * @alloc_total:	sum total of the allocated blocks
+ * @req_blocks:		contiguous blocks count we need
+ * @phase:              phase of the force defrag mode
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if succeed, otherwise returns error value.
+ */
+static int
+ext4_defrag_check_phase(struct ext4_allocation_request *ar,
+			ext4_group_t dest_grp_no, ext4_group_t goal_grp_no,
+			ext4_fsblk_t alloc_total, ext4_lblk_t req_blocks,
+			int phase)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+
+	switch (phase) {
+	case DEFRAG_FORCE_TRY:
+		/* If there is not enough space, return -ENOSPC. */
+		if (ar->len != req_blocks)
+			/* -ENOSPC triggers DEFRAG_FORCE_VICTIM phase. */
+			err = -ENOSPC;
+		break;
+	case DEFRAG_FORCE_VICTIM:
+		/* We can't allocate new blocks in the same block group. */
+		if (dest_grp_no == ar->excepted_group) {
+			printk(KERN_ERR "ext4 defrag: Failed to allocate"
+					" victim file to other block group\n");
+			err = -ENOSPC;
+		}
+		break;
+	case DEFRAG_FORCE_GATHER:
+		/* Maybe reserved blocks are already used by other process. */
+		if (dest_grp_no != goal_grp_no
+		    || alloc_total != req_blocks) {
+			printk(KERN_ERR "ext4 defrag: Reserved blocks are"
+					" already used by other process\n");
+			err = -EIO;
+		}
+		break;
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/**
  * ext4_defrag_partial - Defrag a file per page
  *
  * @tmp_inode:		temporary inode
  * @filp:		pointer to file
  * @org_offset:		page index on original file
  * @dest_offset:	page index on temporary file
+ * @phase:		phase of the force defrag mode
  *
  *
  * This function returns 0 if succeed, otherwise returns error value.
  */
 static int
 ext4_defrag_partial(struct inode *tmp_inode, struct file *filp,
-			pgoff_t org_offset, pgoff_t dest_offset)
+			pgoff_t org_offset, pgoff_t dest_offset, int phase)
 {
 	struct inode *org_inode = filp->f_dentry->d_inode;
 	struct address_space *mapping = org_inode->i_mapping;
@@ -1182,7 +1543,7 @@ ext4_defrag_partial(struct inode *tmp_inode, struct file *filp,
 	/* Release old bh and drop refs */
 	try_to_release_page(page, 0);
 	ret = ext4_defrag_replace_branches(handle, org_inode, tmp_inode,
-					org_offset, dest_offset, 1);
+					org_offset, dest_offset, 1, phase);

 	if (ret < 0)
 		goto out;
@@ -1229,6 +1590,7 @@ out:
  * @tar_end:		the last block number of the allocated blocks
  * @sum_tmp:		the extents count  in the allocated blocks
  * @goal:		block offset for allocaton
+ * @phase:		phase of the force defrag mode
  *
  *
  * This function returns the values as below.
@@ -1239,7 +1601,7 @@ out:
 static int
 ext4_defrag_comp_ext_count(struct inode *org_inode,
 			struct ext4_ext_path *org_path, ext4_lblk_t tar_end,
-			int sum_tmp, ext4_fsblk_t goal)
+			int sum_tmp, ext4_fsblk_t goal, int phase)
 {
 	struct ext4_extent *ext = NULL;
 	int depth = ext_depth(org_inode);
@@ -1266,7 +1628,8 @@ ext4_defrag_comp_ext_count(struct inode *org_inode,
 			if (sum_org == sum_tmp && !goal) {
 				/* Not improved */
 				ret = 1;
-			} else if (sum_org < sum_tmp) {
+			} else if (sum_org < sum_tmp &&
+					phase != DEFRAG_FORCE_VICTIM) {
 				/* Fragment increased */
 				ret = -ENOSPC;
 				printk(KERN_ERR "ext4 defrag: "
@@ -1295,6 +1658,7 @@ ext4_defrag_comp_ext_count(struct inode *org_inode,
  * @tar_blocks:		the number of blocks to allocate
  * @iblock:		file related offset
  * @goal:		block offset for allocaton
+ * @phase:		phase of the force defrag mode
  *
  *
  * This function returns the value as below:
@@ -1306,7 +1670,7 @@ static int
 ext4_defrag_new_extent_tree(struct inode *org_inode, struct inode *tmp_inode,
 			struct ext4_ext_path *org_path, ext4_lblk_t tar_start,
 			ext4_lblk_t tar_blocks, ext4_lblk_t iblock,
-			ext4_fsblk_t goal)
+			ext4_fsblk_t goal, int phase)
 {
 	handle_t *handle;
 	struct ext4_extent_header *eh = NULL;
@@ -1316,6 +1680,8 @@ ext4_defrag_new_extent_tree(struct inode *org_inode, struct inode *tmp_inode,
 	ext4_fsblk_t alloc_total = 0;
 	ext4_fsblk_t newblock = 0;
 	ext4_lblk_t tar_end = tar_start + tar_blocks - 1;
+	ext4_group_t dest_group_no, goal_group_no;
+	ext4_grpblk_t dest_blk_off, goal_blk_off;
 	int sum_tmp = 0;
 	int metadata = 1;
 	int ret, ret2;
@@ -1332,7 +1698,7 @@ ext4_defrag_new_extent_tree(struct inode *org_inode, struct inode *tmp_inode,

 	/* Fill struct ext4_allocation_request with necessary info */
 	ext4_defrag_fill_ar(org_inode, tmp_inode, &ar, org_path,
-				dest_path, tar_blocks, iblock, goal);
+				dest_path, tar_blocks, iblock, goal, phase);

 	handle = ext4_journal_start(tmp_inode, 0);
 	if (IS_ERR(handle)) {
@@ -1340,6 +1706,9 @@ ext4_defrag_new_extent_tree(struct inode *org_inode, struct inode *tmp_inode,
 		goto out2;
 	}

+	ext4_get_group_no_and_offset(tmp_inode->i_sb, goal,
+				&goal_group_no, &goal_blk_off);
+
 	while (alloc_total != tar_blocks) {
 		/* Allocate blocks */
 		ret = ext4_defrag_alloc_blocks(handle, org_inode, tmp_inode,
@@ -1347,8 +1716,20 @@ ext4_defrag_new_extent_tree(struct inode *org_inode, struct inode *tmp_inode,
 		if (ret < 0)
 			goto out;

+		ext4_get_group_no_and_offset(tmp_inode->i_sb, newblock,
+					&dest_group_no, &dest_blk_off);
+
 		alloc_total += ar.len;

+		/* the checks that done in force mode */
+		if (phase) {
+			ret = ext4_defrag_check_phase(&ar, dest_group_no,
+					goal_group_no, alloc_total,
+					tar_blocks, phase);
+			if (ret < 0)
+				goto out;
+		}
+
 		newex.ee_block = cpu_to_le32(alloc_total - ar.len);
 		ext4_ext_store_pblock(&newex, newblock);
 		newex.ee_len = cpu_to_le16(ar.len);
@@ -1358,13 +1739,14 @@ ext4_defrag_new_extent_tree(struct inode *org_inode, struct inode *tmp_inode,
 		if (ret < 0)
 			goto out;

-		ar.goal = newblock + ar.len;
+		if (!phase)
+			ar.goal = newblock + ar.len;
 		ar.len = tar_blocks - alloc_total;
 		sum_tmp++;
 	}

 	ret = ext4_defrag_comp_ext_count(org_inode, org_path, tar_end,
-					sum_tmp, goal);
+					sum_tmp, goal, phase);

 out:
 	if (ret < 0 || ret == 1) {
@@ -1395,14 +1777,16 @@ out2:
  * ext4_defrag_check - Check the enviroment whether a defrag can be done
  *
  * @org_inode:		original inode
+ * @ext:		extent to be moved (only defrag force mode)
  * @defrag_size:	size of defrag in blocks
  * @goal:		poiter to block offset for allocation
+ * @phase:		phase of the force defrag mode
  *
  * This function returns 0 if succeed, otherwise returns error value.
  */
 static int
-ext4_defrag_check(struct inode *org_inode, ext4_lblk_t defrag_size,
-		ext4_fsblk_t *goal)
+ext4_defrag_check(struct inode *org_inode, struct ext4_extent_data *ext,
+		ext4_lblk_t defrag_size, ext4_fsblk_t *goal, int *phase)
 {

 	/* ext4 online defrag supports only 4KB block size */
@@ -1419,6 +1803,17 @@ ext4_defrag_check(struct inode *org_inode, ext4_lblk_t defrag_size,
 		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
 	}

+	if (ext->len) {
+		/* Setup for the force defrag mode */
+		if (ext->len < defrag_size) {
+			printk(KERN_ERR "ext4 defrag: "
+					"Invalid length of extent\n");
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+		*phase = DEFRAG_FORCE_GATHER;
+		*goal = ext->start;
+	}
+
 	return 0;
 }

@@ -1497,13 +1892,16 @@ out:
  * @block_start:	starting offset to defrag in blocks
  * @defrag_size:	size of defrag in blocks
  * @goal:		block offset for allocation
+ * @phase:		phase of the force defrag mode
+ * @ext:		extent to be moved (only defrag force mode)
  *
  * This function returns the number of blocks if succeed, otherwise
  * returns error value.
  */
 int
 ext4_defrag(struct file *filp, ext4_lblk_t block_start,
-		ext4_lblk_t defrag_size, ext4_fsblk_t goal)
+		ext4_lblk_t defrag_size, ext4_fsblk_t goal, int phase,
+		struct ext4_extent_data *ext)
 {
 	struct inode *org_inode = filp->f_dentry->d_inode, *tmp_inode = NULL;
 	struct ext4_ext_path *org_path = NULL, *holecheck_path = NULL;
@@ -1513,7 +1911,7 @@ ext4_defrag(struct file *filp, ext4_lblk_t block_start,
 	int ret, depth, seq_extents, last_extent = 0;

 	/* Check the filesystem enviroment whether defrag can be done */
-	ret = ext4_defrag_check(org_inode, defrag_size, &goal);
+	ret = ext4_defrag_check(org_inode, ext, defrag_size, &goal, &phase);
 	if (ret < 0)
 		return ret;

@@ -1629,11 +2027,11 @@ ext4_defrag(struct file *filp, ext4_lblk_t block_start,

 		ret = ext4_defrag_new_extent_tree(org_inode, tmp_inode,
 					org_path, seq_start, seq_blocks,
-					block_start, goal);
+					block_start, goal, phase);

 		if (ret < 0) {
 			break;
-		} else if (ret == 1) {
+		} else if (ret == 1 && (!goal || (goal && !phase))) {
 			ret = 0;
 			seq_start = le32_to_cpu(ext_cur->ee_block);
 			goto CLEANUP;
@@ -1657,7 +2055,7 @@ ext4_defrag(struct file *filp, ext4_lblk_t block_start,
 		while (page_offset <= seq_end_page) {
 			/* Swap original branches with new branches */
 			ret = ext4_defrag_partial(tmp_inode, filp,
-					page_offset, dest_offset);
+					page_offset, dest_offset, phase);
 			if (ret < 0)
 				goto out;

@@ -1710,6 +2108,10 @@ out:
 		kfree(holecheck_path);
 	}

+	if (phase == DEFRAG_FORCE_GATHER)
+		/* Release reserved block in force mode */
+		ext4_discard_reservation(org_inode);
+
 	up_write(&EXT4_I(org_inode)->i_data_sem);
 	mutex_unlock(&org_inode->i_mutex);

diff --git a/fs/ext4/ext4.h b/fs/ext4/ext4.h
index d0b1301..88fd100 100644
--- a/fs/ext4/ext4.h
+++ b/fs/ext4/ext4.h
@@ -94,6 +94,11 @@ struct ext4_allocation_request {
 	unsigned long len;
 	/* flags. see above EXT4_MB_HINT_* */
 	unsigned long flags;
+	/*
+	 * for ext4 online defrag:
+	 * the block group which is excepted from allocation target
+	 */
+	long long excepted_group;
 };

 /*
@@ -303,6 +308,9 @@ struct ext4_new_group_data {
 #define EXT4_IOC_GROUP_INFO	_IOW('f', 11, struct ext4_group_data_info)
 #define EXT4_IOC_FREE_BLOCKS_INFO	_IOW('f', 12, struct ext4_extents_info)
 #define EXT4_IOC_EXTENTS_INFO		_IOW('f', 13, struct ext4_extents_info)
+#define EXT4_IOC_RESERVE_BLOCK		_IOW('f', 14, struct ext4_extents_info)
+#define EXT4_IOC_MOVE_VICTIM		_IOW('f', 15, struct ext4_extents_info)
+#define EXT4_IOC_BLOCK_RELEASE		_IO('f', 8)

 /*
  * ioctl commands in 32 bit emulation
@@ -331,8 +339,15 @@ struct ext4_new_group_data {
  *
  * DEFRAG_MAX_ENT:	the maximum number of extents for exchanging between
  *			kernel-space and user-space per an ioctl
+ * DEFRAG_FORCE_TRY:	check whether we have free space fragmentation or not
+ * DEFRAG_FORCE_VICTIM:	move victim extents to make sufficient space
+ * DEFRAG_FORCE_GATHER:	move the target file into the free space made in the
+ *			DEFRAG_FORCE_VICTIM phase
  */
 #define DEFRAG_MAX_ENT		32
+#define DEFRAG_FORCE_TRY	1
+#define DEFRAG_FORCE_VICTIM	2
+#define DEFRAG_FORCE_GATHER	3

 struct ext4_extent_data {
 	ext4_lblk_t block;		/* start logical block number */
@@ -344,6 +359,8 @@ struct ext4_ext_defrag_data {
 	ext4_lblk_t start_offset;	/* start offset to defrag in blocks */
 	ext4_lblk_t defrag_size;	/* size of defrag in blocks */
 	ext4_fsblk_t goal;		/* block offset for allocation */
+	int flag;			/* free space mode flag */
+	struct ext4_extent_data ext;
 };

 struct ext4_group_data_info {
@@ -1042,8 +1059,17 @@ extern struct ext4_group_desc * ext4_get_group_desc(struct super_block * sb,
 extern int ext4_should_retry_alloc(struct super_block *sb, int *retries);
 extern void ext4_init_block_alloc_info(struct inode *);
 extern void ext4_rsv_window_add(struct super_block *sb, struct ext4_reserve_window_node *rsv);
+extern void try_to_extend_reservation(struct ext4_reserve_window_node *,
+					struct super_block *, int);
+extern int alloc_new_reservation(struct ext4_reserve_window_node *,
+				ext4_grpblk_t, struct super_block *,
+				ext4_group_t, struct buffer_head *);
 extern ext4_grpblk_t bitmap_search_next_usable_block(ext4_grpblk_t,
 				struct buffer_head *, ext4_grpblk_t);
+extern int rsv_is_empty(struct ext4_reserve_window *rsv);
+extern int goal_in_my_reservation(struct ext4_reserve_window *rsv,
+				ext4_grpblk_t grp_goal, ext4_group_t group,
+				struct super_block *sb);

 /* dir.c */
 extern int ext4_check_dir_entry(const char *, struct inode *,
@@ -1169,7 +1195,8 @@ extern void ext4_inode_table_set(struct super_block *sb,
 extern handle_t *ext4_ext_journal_restart(handle_t *handle, int needed);
 /* defrag.c */
 extern int ext4_defrag(struct file *filp, ext4_lblk_t block_start,
-			ext4_lblk_t defrag_size, ext4_fsblk_t goal);
+			ext4_lblk_t defrag_size, ext4_fsblk_t goal,
+			int flag, struct ext4_extent_data *ext);
 extern int ext4_defrag_ioctl(struct inode *, struct file *, unsigned int,
 				unsigned long);

diff --git a/fs/ext4/ext4_extents.h b/fs/ext4/ext4_extents.h
index 734c1c7..d9a6a73 100644
--- a/fs/ext4/ext4_extents.h
+++ b/fs/ext4/ext4_extents.h
@@ -233,5 +233,10 @@ extern void ext4_ext_drop_refs(struct ext4_ext_path *path);
 extern ext4_fsblk_t ext4_ext_find_goal(struct inode *inode,
 					struct ext4_ext_path *path,
 					ext4_lblk_t block);
+extern int ext4_ext_insert_extent_defrag(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
+					struct ext4_ext_path *path,
+					struct ext4_extent *newext, int defrag);
+extern ext4_lblk_t ext4_ext_next_allocated_block(struct ext4_ext_path *path);
+
 #endif /* _EXT4_EXTENTS */

diff --git a/fs/ext4/extents.c b/fs/ext4/extents.c
index c6835b5..9bc5814 100644
--- a/fs/ext4/extents.c
+++ b/fs/ext4/extents.c
@@ -183,11 +183,17 @@ ext4_fsblk_t ext4_ext_find_goal(struct inode *inode,
 static ext4_fsblk_t
 ext4_ext_new_block(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
 			struct ext4_ext_path *path,
-			struct ext4_extent *ex, int *err)
+			struct ext4_extent *ex, int *err,
+			ext4_fsblk_t defrag_goal)
 {
 	ext4_fsblk_t goal, newblock;

-	goal = ext4_ext_find_goal(inode, path, le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block));
+	if (defrag_goal)
+		goal = defrag_goal;
+	else
+		goal = ext4_ext_find_goal(inode, path,
+					le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block));
+
 	newblock = ext4_new_meta_block(handle, inode, goal, err);
 	return newblock;
 }
@@ -638,7 +644,8 @@ static int ext4_ext_insert_index(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
  */
 static int ext4_ext_split(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
 				struct ext4_ext_path *path,
-				struct ext4_extent *newext, int at)
+				struct ext4_extent *newext, int at,
+				ext4_fsblk_t defrag_goal)
 {
 	struct buffer_head *bh = NULL;
 	int depth = ext_depth(inode);
@@ -688,7 +695,8 @@ static int ext4_ext_split(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
 	/* allocate all needed blocks */
 	ext_debug("allocate %d blocks for indexes/leaf\n", depth - at);
 	for (a = 0; a < depth - at; a++) {
-		newblock = ext4_ext_new_block(handle, inode, path, newext, &err);
+		newblock = ext4_ext_new_block(handle, inode, path,
+						newext, &err, defrag_goal);
 		if (newblock == 0)
 			goto cleanup;
 		ablocks[a] = newblock;
@@ -875,7 +883,8 @@ cleanup:
  */
 static int ext4_ext_grow_indepth(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
 					struct ext4_ext_path *path,
-					struct ext4_extent *newext)
+					struct ext4_extent *newext,
+					ext4_fsblk_t defrag_goal)
 {
 	struct ext4_ext_path *curp = path;
 	struct ext4_extent_header *neh;
@@ -884,7 +893,8 @@ static int ext4_ext_grow_indepth(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
 	ext4_fsblk_t newblock;
 	int err = 0;

-	newblock = ext4_ext_new_block(handle, inode, path, newext, &err);
+	newblock = ext4_ext_new_block(handle, inode, path,
+					newext, &err, defrag_goal);
 	if (newblock == 0)
 		return err;

@@ -960,7 +970,8 @@ out:
  */
 static int ext4_ext_create_new_leaf(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
 					struct ext4_ext_path *path,
-					struct ext4_extent *newext)
+					struct ext4_extent *newext,
+					ext4_fsblk_t defrag_goal)
 {
 	struct ext4_ext_path *curp;
 	int depth, i, err = 0;
@@ -980,7 +991,8 @@ repeat:
 	if (EXT_HAS_FREE_INDEX(curp)) {
 		/* if we found index with free entry, then use that
 		 * entry: create all needed subtree and add new leaf */
-		err = ext4_ext_split(handle, inode, path, newext, i);
+		err = ext4_ext_split(handle, inode, path,
+					newext, i, defrag_goal);

 		/* refill path */
 		ext4_ext_drop_refs(path);
@@ -991,7 +1003,8 @@ repeat:
 			err = PTR_ERR(path);
 	} else {
 		/* tree is full, time to grow in depth */
-		err = ext4_ext_grow_indepth(handle, inode, path, newext);
+		err = ext4_ext_grow_indepth(handle, inode, path,
+						newext, defrag_goal);
 		if (err)
 			goto out;

@@ -1171,7 +1184,7 @@ ext4_ext_search_right(struct inode *inode, struct ext4_ext_path *path,
  * allocated block. Thus, index entries have to be consistent
  * with leaves.
  */
-static ext4_lblk_t
+ext4_lblk_t
 ext4_ext_next_allocated_block(struct ext4_ext_path *path)
 {
 	int depth;
@@ -1437,6 +1450,19 @@ int ext4_ext_insert_extent(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
 				struct ext4_ext_path *path,
 				struct ext4_extent *newext)
 {
+	return ext4_ext_insert_extent_defrag(handle, inode, path, newext, 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ext4_ext_insert_extent_defrag:
+ * The difference from ext4_ext_insert_extent is to use the first block
+ * in newext as the goal of the new index block.
+ */
+int
+ext4_ext_insert_extent_defrag(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
+				struct ext4_ext_path *path,
+				struct ext4_extent *newext, int defrag)
+{
 	struct ext4_extent_header * eh;
 	struct ext4_extent *ex, *fex;
 	struct ext4_extent *nearex; /* nearest extent */
@@ -1444,6 +1470,7 @@ int ext4_ext_insert_extent(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
 	int depth, len, err;
 	ext4_lblk_t next;
 	unsigned uninitialized = 0;
+	ext4_fsblk_t defrag_goal;

 	BUG_ON(ext4_ext_get_actual_len(newext) == 0);
 	depth = ext_depth(inode);
@@ -1504,11 +1531,16 @@ repeat:
 			  le16_to_cpu(eh->eh_entries), le16_to_cpu(eh->eh_max));
 	}

+	if (defrag)
+		defrag_goal = ext_pblock(newext);
+	else
+		defrag_goal = 0;
 	/*
 	 * There is no free space in the found leaf.
 	 * We're gonna add a new leaf in the tree.
 	 */
-	err = ext4_ext_create_new_leaf(handle, inode, path, newext);
+	err = ext4_ext_create_new_leaf(handle, inode, path,
+					newext, defrag_goal);
 	if (err)
 		goto cleanup;
 	depth = ext_depth(inode);
diff --git a/fs/ext4/ioctl.c b/fs/ext4/ioctl.c
index e012193..9daa40a 100644
--- a/fs/ext4/ioctl.c
+++ b/fs/ext4/ioctl.c
@@ -245,7 +245,10 @@ setversion_out:
 	case EXT4_IOC_DEFRAG:
 	case EXT4_IOC_GROUP_INFO:
 	case EXT4_IOC_FREE_BLOCKS_INFO:
-	case EXT4_IOC_EXTENTS_INFO: {
+	case EXT4_IOC_EXTENTS_INFO:
+	case EXT4_IOC_RESERVE_BLOCK:
+	case EXT4_IOC_MOVE_VICTIM:
+	case EXT4_IOC_BLOCK_RELEASE: {
 		return ext4_defrag_ioctl(inode, filp, cmd, arg);
 	}
 	case EXT4_IOC_GROUP_ADD: {
diff --git a/fs/ext4/mballoc.c b/fs/ext4/mballoc.c
index 5302ac6..e273279 100644
--- a/fs/ext4/mballoc.c
+++ b/fs/ext4/mballoc.c
@@ -1765,6 +1765,10 @@ repeat:
 			if (group == EXT4_SB(sb)->s_groups_count)
 				group = 0;

+			if (ac->ac_excepted_group != -1 &&
+			    group == ac->ac_excepted_group)
+				continue;
+
 			/* quick check to skip empty groups */
 			grp = ext4_get_group_info(ac->ac_sb, group);
 			if (grp->bb_free == 0)
@@ -3956,6 +3960,7 @@ ext4_mb_initialize_context(struct ext4_allocation_context *ac,
 	ac->ac_bitmap_page = NULL;
 	ac->ac_buddy_page = NULL;
 	ac->ac_lg = NULL;
+	ac->ac_excepted_group = ar->excepted_group;

 	/* we have to define context: we'll we work with a file or
 	 * locality group. this is a policy, actually */
diff --git a/fs/ext4/mballoc.h b/fs/ext4/mballoc.h
index bfe6add..1141ad5 100644
--- a/fs/ext4/mballoc.h
+++ b/fs/ext4/mballoc.h
@@ -205,6 +205,7 @@ struct ext4_allocation_context {
 	struct page *ac_buddy_page;
 	struct ext4_prealloc_space *ac_pa;
 	struct ext4_locality_group *ac_lg;
+	long long ac_excepted_group;
 };

 #define AC_STATUS_CONTINUE	1