From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: from owa.outnet.ch (mail.outnet.ch [80.67.146.1]) by yocto-www.yoctoproject.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 039EAE0044A for ; Mon, 11 Jun 2012 07:12:52 -0700 (PDT) Received: from TKSSREX01.outnet.ch ([10.10.10.1]) by tkssrexhcu01.outnet.ch ([172.17.220.45]) with mapi; Mon, 11 Jun 2012 16:12:47 +0200 From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?J=FCrgen_Messerer?= To: "yocto@yoctoproject.org" Date: Mon, 11 Jun 2012 16:12:46 +0200 Thread-Topic: Grub installation Thread-Index: Ac1H2l8SNvXbdwJIQQ6wgId2BrI5XQ== Message-ID: Accept-Language: en-US, de-CH X-MS-Has-Attach: X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: acceptlanguage: en-US, de-CH MIME-Version: 1.0 Subject: Grub installation X-BeenThere: yocto@yoctoproject.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.13 Precedence: list List-Id: Discussion of all things Yocto List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Mon, 11 Jun 2012 14:12:52 -0000 Content-Language: en-US Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="_000_A7B59F6D52627C44813C136D437B0832068BC78CAB6CTKSSREX01ou_" --_000_A7B59F6D52627C44813C136D437B0832068BC78CAB6CTKSSREX01ou_ Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Hi I have the following problem. I have created with yocto a core-image-minima= l for x86 which I could test with qemu. later I added the following lines to conf/local.conf at the end according t= o the manual chapter 4.2.4: IMAGE_INSTALL_append =3D " bash" IMAGE_INSTALL_append =3D " strace" IMAGE_INSTALL_append =3D " grub" Bash and strace were installed correctly. In the case of grub I couldn't find the directory /boot/grub. /etc/grub.d is installed also the folder /usr/lib/grub Question 1: Which grub recipe does yocto install from poky-denzil-7.0/meta/recipes-bsp= /grub/ I would prefer version 1.99. Questin 2: Will yocto not install a /boot/grub directory? I would appreciate any tips and tricks to install grub correctly in the cor= e-image-minimal Thanks a lot Best regards Juergen --_000_A7B59F6D52627C44813C136D437B0832068BC78CAB6CTKSSREX01ou_ Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Hi

&nb= sp;

I have the foll= owing problem. I have created with yocto a core-image-minimal for x86 which= I could test with qemu.

 

later I added the following lines to conf/local.conf at the end accordi= ng to the manual chapter 4.2.4:

<= span lang=3DEN-US>IMAGE_INSTALL_append =3D " bash"

IMAGE_INSTALL_append =3D &qu= ot; strace"

IMAGE_INSTALL_append =3D " grub"

 

Bash and strace were installed correctly.

In the case of grub I= couldn’t find the directory /boot/grub.

 

/etc/grub.d is installed also the folder /usr/lib= /grub

&nb= sp;

Question 1:

Which grub recipe= does yocto install from =A0poky-denzil-7.0/meta/recipes-bsp/grub/

I would prefer version= 1.99.

&n= bsp;

Questin 2:

Will yocto not in= stall a /boot/grub directory?

 

I would appreciate any tips and tricks to install grub correctly i= n the core-image-minimal

 

 

Tha= nks a lot

 

Best regard= s

 <= /o:p>

Juergen<= /span>

= --_000_A7B59F6D52627C44813C136D437B0832068BC78CAB6CTKSSREX01ou_-- From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: from mga11.intel.com (mga11.intel.com [192.55.52.93]) by yocto-www.yoctoproject.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 88FBDE00746 for ; Mon, 11 Jun 2012 07:22:56 -0700 (PDT) Received: from fmsmga002.fm.intel.com ([10.253.24.26]) by fmsmga102.fm.intel.com with ESMTP; 11 Jun 2012 07:22:56 -0700 X-ExtLoop1: 1 X-IronPort-AV: E=Sophos;i="4.71,315,1320652800"; d="scan'208";a="178415833" Received: from linux.jf.intel.com (HELO linux.intel.com) ([10.23.219.25]) by fmsmga002.fm.intel.com with ESMTP; 11 Jun 2012 07:22:56 -0700 Received: from [10.237.105.43] (unknown [10.237.105.43]) by linux.intel.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id EF0FA6A4007 for ; Mon, 11 Jun 2012 07:22:56 -0700 (PDT) Message-ID: <4FD5FF3E.4060303@linux.intel.com> Date: Mon, 11 Jun 2012 17:22:54 +0300 From: Mihai Lindner Organization: Intel OTC User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:13.0) Gecko/20120604 Thunderbird/13.0 MIME-Version: 1.0 To: yocto@yoctoproject.org References: In-Reply-To: Subject: Re: Grub installation X-BeenThere: yocto@yoctoproject.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.13 Precedence: list List-Id: Discussion of all things Yocto List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Mon, 11 Jun 2012 14:22:56 -0000 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit On 6/11/2012 5:12 PM, Jürgen Messerer wrote: > Hi > > > > I have the following problem. I have created with yocto a core-image-minimal for x86 which I could test with qemu. > > > > later I added the following lines to conf/local.conf at the end according to the manual chapter 4.2.4: > > IMAGE_INSTALL_append = " bash" > > IMAGE_INSTALL_append = " strace" > > IMAGE_INSTALL_append = " grub" > > > > Bash and strace were installed correctly. > > In the case of grub I couldn’t find the directory /boot/grub. > > > > /etc/grub.d is installed also the folder /usr/lib/grub > > > > Question 1: > > Which grub recipe does yocto install from poky-denzil-7.0/meta/recipes-bsp/grub/ > > I would prefer version 1.99. > > > > Questin 2: > > Will yocto not install a /boot/grub directory? > > > > I would appreciate any tips and tricks to install grub correctly in the core-image-minimal > > > > > > Thanks a lot > > > > Best regards > > > > Juergen > > > > _______________________________________________ > yocto mailing list > yocto@yoctoproject.org > https://lists.yoctoproject.org/listinfo/yocto > Hello, Look for /boot/grub/ in /dev/sda1 It should be there. -- Mihai Lindner From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: from owa.outnet.ch (owa.outnet.ch [80.67.146.1]) by yocto-www.yoctoproject.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id AD2EDE006D9 for ; Mon, 11 Jun 2012 07:54:56 -0700 (PDT) Received: from TKSSREX01.outnet.ch ([10.10.10.1]) by tkssrexhcu01.outnet.ch ([172.17.220.45]) with mapi; Mon, 11 Jun 2012 16:54:55 +0200 From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?J=FCrgen_Messerer?= To: Mihai Lindner , "yocto@yoctoproject.org" Date: Mon, 11 Jun 2012 16:54:54 +0200 Thread-Topic: [yocto] Grub installation Thread-Index: Ac1H3bbVxk/P1VE1SjKyv1DHntlYiAAANqsw Message-ID: References: <4FD5FF3E.4060303@linux.intel.com> In-Reply-To: <4FD5FF3E.4060303@linux.intel.com> Accept-Language: en-US, de-CH X-MS-Has-Attach: X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: acceptlanguage: en-US, de-CH MIME-Version: 1.0 Subject: Re: Grub installation X-BeenThere: yocto@yoctoproject.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.13 Precedence: list List-Id: Discussion of all things Yocto List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Mon, 11 Jun 2012 14:54:57 -0000 Content-Language: en-US Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Dear Mihai, I would expect that grub should be installed in core-image-minimal-qemux86.= ext3 Grub couldn't be found when running the image with runqemu. Any other ideas? -----Original Message----- From: yocto-bounces@yoctoproject.org [mailto:yocto-bounces@yoctoproject.org= ] On Behalf Of Mihai Lindner Sent: Montag, 11. Juni 2012 16:23 To: yocto@yoctoproject.org Subject: Re: [yocto] Grub installation On 6/11/2012 5:12 PM, J=FCrgen Messerer wrote: > Hi >=20 > =20 >=20 > I have the following problem. I have created with yocto a core-image-mini= mal for x86 which I could test with qemu. >=20 > =20 >=20 > later I added the following lines to conf/local.conf at the end according= to the manual chapter 4.2.4: >=20 > IMAGE_INSTALL_append =3D " bash" >=20 > IMAGE_INSTALL_append =3D " strace" >=20 > IMAGE_INSTALL_append =3D " grub" >=20 > =20 >=20 > Bash and strace were installed correctly. >=20 > In the case of grub I couldn't find the directory /boot/grub. >=20 > =20 >=20 > /etc/grub.d is installed also the folder /usr/lib/grub >=20 > =20 >=20 > Question 1: >=20 > Which grub recipe does yocto install from poky-denzil-7.0/meta/recipes-b= sp/grub/ >=20 > I would prefer version 1.99. >=20 > =20 >=20 > Questin 2: >=20 > Will yocto not install a /boot/grub directory? >=20 > =20 >=20 > I would appreciate any tips and tricks to install grub correctly in the c= ore-image-minimal >=20 > =20 >=20 > =20 >=20 > Thanks a lot >=20 > =20 >=20 > Best regards >=20 > =20 >=20 > Juergen >=20 >=20 >=20 > _______________________________________________ > yocto mailing list > yocto@yoctoproject.org > https://lists.yoctoproject.org/listinfo/yocto >=20 Hello, Look for /boot/grub/ in /dev/sda1 It should be there. --=20 Mihai Lindner _______________________________________________ yocto mailing list yocto@yoctoproject.org https://lists.yoctoproject.org/listinfo/yocto From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: from mga03.intel.com (mga03.intel.com [143.182.124.21]) by yocto-www.yoctoproject.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id AF615E0044A for ; Wed, 13 Jun 2012 09:02:18 -0700 (PDT) Received: from azsmga002.ch.intel.com ([10.2.17.35]) by azsmga101.ch.intel.com with ESMTP; 13 Jun 2012 09:02:18 -0700 X-ExtLoop1: 1 X-IronPort-AV: E=Sophos;i="4.71,315,1320652800"; d="scan'208";a="111721168" Received: from unknown (HELO envy.home) ([10.255.12.139]) by AZSMGA002.ch.intel.com with ESMTP; 13 Jun 2012 09:02:17 -0700 Message-ID: <4FD8B93F.4000306@linux.intel.com> Date: Wed, 13 Jun 2012 09:01:03 -0700 From: Darren Hart User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:13.0) Gecko/20120605 Thunderbird/13.0 MIME-Version: 1.0 To: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?J=FCrgen_Messerer?= References: <4FD5FF3E.4060303@linux.intel.com> In-Reply-To: X-Enigmail-Version: 1.4.2 Cc: "yocto@yoctoproject.org" Subject: Re: Grub installation X-BeenThere: yocto@yoctoproject.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.13 Precedence: list List-Id: Discussion of all things Yocto List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Wed, 13 Jun 2012 16:02:18 -0000 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit On 06/11/2012 07:54 AM, Jürgen Messerer wrote: > Dear Mihai, > > I would expect that grub should be installed in core-image-minimal-qemux86.ext3 > Grub couldn't be found when running the image with runqemu. > >Any other ideas? This depends entirely on the image type. We do not install grub on the filesystem images as that won't result in a working system. GRUB must be installed to the MBR or the VBR of a disk or partition. The way this currently works is you build a live image (.hddimg) which uses syslinux and provides an installer. The installer runs a script which installs grub to the physical boot media. Improving this process is part of a larger discussion on image types and image creation tooling. If the installer method does not work for you, please articulate the reasons why and what would be a better solution for your use case. Thanks, Darren > > > > -----Original Message----- > From: yocto-bounces@yoctoproject.org [mailto:yocto-bounces@yoctoproject.org] On Behalf Of Mihai Lindner > Sent: Montag, 11. Juni 2012 16:23 > To: yocto@yoctoproject.org > Subject: Re: [yocto] Grub installation > > On 6/11/2012 5:12 PM, Jürgen Messerer wrote: >> Hi >> >> >> >> I have the following problem. I have created with yocto a core-image-minimal for x86 which I could test with qemu. >> >> >> >> later I added the following lines to conf/local.conf at the end according to the manual chapter 4.2.4: >> >> IMAGE_INSTALL_append = " bash" >> >> IMAGE_INSTALL_append = " strace" >> >> IMAGE_INSTALL_append = " grub" >> >> >> >> Bash and strace were installed correctly. >> >> In the case of grub I couldn't find the directory /boot/grub. >> >> >> >> /etc/grub.d is installed also the folder /usr/lib/grub >> >> >> >> Question 1: >> >> Which grub recipe does yocto install from poky-denzil-7.0/meta/recipes-bsp/grub/ >> >> I would prefer version 1.99. >> >> >> >> Questin 2: >> >> Will yocto not install a /boot/grub directory? >> >> >> >> I would appreciate any tips and tricks to install grub correctly in the core-image-minimal >> >> >> >> >> >> Thanks a lot >> >> >> >> Best regards >> >> >> >> Juergen >> >> >> >> _______________________________________________ >> yocto mailing list >> yocto@yoctoproject.org >> https://lists.yoctoproject.org/listinfo/yocto >> > > Hello, > > Look for /boot/grub/ in /dev/sda1 > It should be there. > -- Darren Hart Intel Open Source Technology Center Yocto Project - Linux Kernel From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: from owa.outnet.ch (owa.outnet.ch [80.67.146.1]) by yocto-www.yoctoproject.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 151A9E006D9 for ; Wed, 13 Jun 2012 09:21:44 -0700 (PDT) Received: from TKSSREX01.outnet.ch ([10.10.10.1]) by tkssrexhcu01.outnet.ch ([172.17.220.45]) with mapi; Wed, 13 Jun 2012 18:21:43 +0200 From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?J=FCrgen_Messerer?= To: Darren Hart Date: Wed, 13 Jun 2012 18:21:42 +0200 Thread-Topic: [yocto] Grub installation Thread-Index: Ac1JfexVQJ9smPcCQiCNIYc8t7CeNgAAm2HA Message-ID: References: <4FD5FF3E.4060303@linux.intel.com> <4FD8B93F.4000306@linux.intel.com> In-Reply-To: <4FD8B93F.4000306@linux.intel.com> Accept-Language: en-US, de-CH X-MS-Has-Attach: X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: acceptlanguage: en-US, de-CH MIME-Version: 1.0 Cc: "yocto@yoctoproject.org" Subject: Re: Grub installation X-BeenThere: yocto@yoctoproject.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.13 Precedence: list List-Id: Discussion of all things Yocto List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Wed, 13 Jun 2012 16:21:44 -0000 Content-Language: en-US Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Thanks for the tips. As far as I know is at the moment the new grub default. How can I configure back to the old version 0.97? Best regards Juergen -----Original Message----- From: Darren Hart [mailto:dvhart@linux.intel.com]=20 Sent: Mittwoch, 13. Juni 2012 18:01 To: J=FCrgen Messerer Cc: Mihai Lindner; yocto@yoctoproject.org Subject: Re: [yocto] Grub installation On 06/11/2012 07:54 AM, J=FCrgen Messerer wrote: > Dear Mihai, >=20 > I would expect that grub should be installed in=20 > core-image-minimal-qemux86.ext3 Grub couldn't be found when running the i= mage with runqemu. >=20 >Any other ideas? This depends entirely on the image type. We do not install grub on the file= system images as that won't result in a working system. GRUB must be instal= led to the MBR or the VBR of a disk or partition. The way this currently works is you build a live image (.hddimg) which uses= syslinux and provides an installer. The installer runs a script which inst= alls grub to the physical boot media. Improving this process is part of a larger discussion on image types and im= age creation tooling. If the installer method does not work for you, please articulate the reason= s why and what would be a better solution for your use case. Thanks, Darren >=20 >=20 >=20 > -----Original Message----- > From: yocto-bounces@yoctoproject.org=20 > [mailto:yocto-bounces@yoctoproject.org] On Behalf Of Mihai Lindner > Sent: Montag, 11. Juni 2012 16:23 > To: yocto@yoctoproject.org > Subject: Re: [yocto] Grub installation >=20 > On 6/11/2012 5:12 PM, J=FCrgen Messerer wrote: >> Hi >> >> =20 >> >> I have the following problem. I have created with yocto a core-image-min= imal for x86 which I could test with qemu. >> >> =20 >> >> later I added the following lines to conf/local.conf at the end accordin= g to the manual chapter 4.2.4: >> >> IMAGE_INSTALL_append =3D " bash" >> >> IMAGE_INSTALL_append =3D " strace" >> >> IMAGE_INSTALL_append =3D " grub" >> >> =20 >> >> Bash and strace were installed correctly. >> >> In the case of grub I couldn't find the directory /boot/grub. >> >> =20 >> >> /etc/grub.d is installed also the folder /usr/lib/grub >> >> =20 >> >> Question 1: >> >> Which grub recipe does yocto install from =20 >> poky-denzil-7.0/meta/recipes-bsp/grub/ >> >> I would prefer version 1.99. >> >> =20 >> >> Questin 2: >> >> Will yocto not install a /boot/grub directory? >> >> =20 >> >> I would appreciate any tips and tricks to install grub correctly in=20 >> the core-image-minimal >> >> =20 >> >> =20 >> >> Thanks a lot >> >> =20 >> >> Best regards >> >> =20 >> >> Juergen >> >> >> >> _______________________________________________ >> yocto mailing list >> yocto@yoctoproject.org >> https://lists.yoctoproject.org/listinfo/yocto >> >=20 > Hello, >=20 > Look for /boot/grub/ in /dev/sda1 > It should be there. >=20 -- Darren Hart Intel Open Source Technology Center Yocto Project - Linux Kernel From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: from mga03.intel.com (mga03.intel.com [143.182.124.21]) by yocto-www.yoctoproject.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6BFEFE0044A for ; Wed, 13 Jun 2012 09:29:40 -0700 (PDT) Received: from azsmga001.ch.intel.com ([10.2.17.19]) by azsmga101.ch.intel.com with ESMTP; 13 Jun 2012 09:29:37 -0700 X-ExtLoop1: 1 X-IronPort-AV: E=Sophos;i="4.71,315,1320652800"; d="scan'208";a="155880624" Received: from unknown (HELO envy.home) ([10.255.12.139]) by azsmga001.ch.intel.com with ESMTP; 13 Jun 2012 09:29:36 -0700 Message-ID: <4FD8BFA6.9030405@linux.intel.com> Date: Wed, 13 Jun 2012 09:28:22 -0700 From: Darren Hart User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:13.0) Gecko/20120605 Thunderbird/13.0 MIME-Version: 1.0 To: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?J=FCrgen_Messerer?= References: <4FD5FF3E.4060303@linux.intel.com> <4FD8B93F.4000306@linux.intel.com> In-Reply-To: X-Enigmail-Version: 1.4.2 Cc: "yocto@yoctoproject.org" Subject: Re: Grub installation X-BeenThere: yocto@yoctoproject.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.13 Precedence: list List-Id: Discussion of all things Yocto List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Wed, 13 Jun 2012 16:29:40 -0000 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit On 06/13/2012 09:21 AM, Jürgen Messerer wrote: > Thanks for the tips. > > As far as I know is at the moment the new grub default. > How can I configure back to the old version 0.97? You could try with the standard PREFERRED_VERSION method, but I'm not sure if the installer scripts deal with that intelligently. Is there a reason you want to use the older version? -- Darren > > Best regards > > Juergen > > > -----Original Message----- > From: Darren Hart [mailto:dvhart@linux.intel.com] > Sent: Mittwoch, 13. Juni 2012 18:01 > To: Jürgen Messerer > Cc: Mihai Lindner; yocto@yoctoproject.org > Subject: Re: [yocto] Grub installation > > > > On 06/11/2012 07:54 AM, Jürgen Messerer wrote: >> Dear Mihai, >> >> I would expect that grub should be installed in >> core-image-minimal-qemux86.ext3 Grub couldn't be found when running the image with runqemu. >> >> Any other ideas? > > This depends entirely on the image type. We do not install grub on the filesystem images as that won't result in a working system. GRUB must be installed to the MBR or the VBR of a disk or partition. > > The way this currently works is you build a live image (.hddimg) which uses syslinux and provides an installer. The installer runs a script which installs grub to the physical boot media. > > Improving this process is part of a larger discussion on image types and image creation tooling. > > If the installer method does not work for you, please articulate the reasons why and what would be a better solution for your use case. > > Thanks, > > Darren > >> >> >> >> -----Original Message----- >> From: yocto-bounces@yoctoproject.org >> [mailto:yocto-bounces@yoctoproject.org] On Behalf Of Mihai Lindner >> Sent: Montag, 11. Juni 2012 16:23 >> To: yocto@yoctoproject.org >> Subject: Re: [yocto] Grub installation >> >> On 6/11/2012 5:12 PM, Jürgen Messerer wrote: >>> Hi >>> >>> >>> >>> I have the following problem. I have created with yocto a core-image-minimal for x86 which I could test with qemu. >>> >>> >>> >>> later I added the following lines to conf/local.conf at the end according to the manual chapter 4.2.4: >>> >>> IMAGE_INSTALL_append = " bash" >>> >>> IMAGE_INSTALL_append = " strace" >>> >>> IMAGE_INSTALL_append = " grub" >>> >>> >>> >>> Bash and strace were installed correctly. >>> >>> In the case of grub I couldn't find the directory /boot/grub. >>> >>> >>> >>> /etc/grub.d is installed also the folder /usr/lib/grub >>> >>> >>> >>> Question 1: >>> >>> Which grub recipe does yocto install from >>> poky-denzil-7.0/meta/recipes-bsp/grub/ >>> >>> I would prefer version 1.99. >>> >>> >>> >>> Questin 2: >>> >>> Will yocto not install a /boot/grub directory? >>> >>> >>> >>> I would appreciate any tips and tricks to install grub correctly in >>> the core-image-minimal >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> Thanks a lot >>> >>> >>> >>> Best regards >>> >>> >>> >>> Juergen >>> >>> >>> >>> _______________________________________________ >>> yocto mailing list >>> yocto@yoctoproject.org >>> https://lists.yoctoproject.org/listinfo/yocto >>> >> >> Hello, >> >> Look for /boot/grub/ in /dev/sda1 >> It should be there. >> > > -- > Darren Hart > Intel Open Source Technology Center > Yocto Project - Linux Kernel > > -- Darren Hart Intel Open Source Technology Center Yocto Project - Linux Kernel