I need to patch the my.cnf file that is part of the mysql/mariadb recipe. It lives in meta-openembedded/meta-oe/recipes-support/mysql/mariadb/my.cnf with the mariadb_5.5.52.bb file one level down.
I've set up a mariadb_5.5.52.bbappend file as:
FILESEXTRAPATHS_prepend := "${FILE_DIRNAME}/${PN}:"
SRC_URI += "file://my.cnf.patch"
# need to enable auto startup
SYSTEMD_AUTO_ENABLE_${PN}-server = "enable"