From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.0 (2014-02-07) on aws-us-west-2-korg-lkml-1.web.codeaurora.org Received: from aws-us-west-2-korg-lkml-1.web.codeaurora.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by smtp.lore.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id EACE2CED618 for ; Wed, 9 Oct 2024 07:06:47 +0000 (UTC) Received: from mx0b-0064b401.pphosted.com (mx0b-0064b401.pphosted.com [205.220.178.238]) by mx.groups.io with SMTP id smtpd.web11.10116.1728457602848604451 for ; Wed, 09 Oct 2024 00:06:43 -0700 Authentication-Results: mx.groups.io; dkim=none (message not signed); spf=permerror, err=parse error for token &{10 18 %{ir}.%{v}.%{d}.spf.has.pphosted.com}: invalid domain name (domain: windriver.com, ip: 205.220.178.238, mailfrom: prvs=001212afd4=qi.chen@windriver.com) Received: from pps.filterd (m0250812.ppops.net [127.0.0.1]) by mx0a-0064b401.pphosted.com (8.18.1.2/8.18.1.2) with ESMTP id 4994eHjl015457; Wed, 9 Oct 2024 07:06:41 GMT Received: from nam10-mw2-obe.outbound.protection.outlook.com (mail-mw2nam10lp2047.outbound.protection.outlook.com [104.47.55.47]) by mx0a-0064b401.pphosted.com (PPS) with ESMTPS id 422ve8v550-1 (version=TLSv1.2 cipher=ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 bits=256 verify=NOT); Wed, 09 Oct 2024 07:06:41 +0000 (GMT) ARC-Seal: i=1; a=rsa-sha256; s=arcselector10001; d=microsoft.com; cv=none; b=joTaWvffMGW6Kb5pZ3PLkuzohA2AixvMahZUgZkJUC7wxWKvNSjJwbjJc2/ZWRFcvoYo5NP6LQPq3waVMSbAZ3iHpmxL4kYvYe3Temd9N37GxEhEcNFHFzBBClpBE2tvxIdn6Dy9c3CRRVcbZHx2uXLe5snjOnve0Umqe5Wq4N3fjNI+TWeUqKOFeNojr0ii432WA/ggZaAfJUCTIj3/9nVtNgM/lVgbgVEiytXIXg52AL7SqVTIwy/7rLE7igRcmwKBERaOw23Sz7O9TBfMwk3yKfs4jMv2fto60tgUJ8ONMmJd6ggNURHUvlwcMFTIpWfbCjfd8oW1c7K96zvOrw== ARC-Message-Signature: i=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=microsoft.com; s=arcselector10001; h=From:Date:Subject:Message-ID:Content-Type:MIME-Version:X-MS-Exchange-AntiSpam-MessageData-ChunkCount:X-MS-Exchange-AntiSpam-MessageData-0:X-MS-Exchange-AntiSpam-MessageData-1; bh=ab7XUSi+upFiRiBjFsbx7wZ2g8AtDDJrrClpZuF4Bas=; b=suCSg7dkBJ5avp57Jme6dtyPH00taiEpKHP6mdVxgZBepXy/lB9LCRyInvecvJKp9BVlnKzGbLhxrpCSo0qdb5sPATjCgHL+rSRKTZeH1m1N+v0zke1dEkVcoW3QrU/YWAPoZcCuZu7zqKaN11fHH7xcMB5t+ghUAB60mOigLnjVW5Y8gV4LAdOoieMzWgv1ghDetaskN7B4CXnM/rbaXM1GKEosY7neCxtIsrkzY2h8D3Co6IQeVngwSWq4CRPXs75E8Gi0zq/Kx8hIe74rd7UM73O/Lr2wexP+8Wz34yk2zKr/Ty6zwId+SikCT677Ai8Yk2/oBgpNLNGmkqJJSg== ARC-Authentication-Results: i=1; mx.microsoft.com 1; spf=pass smtp.mailfrom=windriver.com; dmarc=pass action=none header.from=windriver.com; dkim=pass header.d=windriver.com; arc=none Received: from CO6PR11MB5602.namprd11.prod.outlook.com (2603:10b6:303:13a::5) by DS7PR11MB6197.namprd11.prod.outlook.com (2603:10b6:8:9b::17) with Microsoft SMTP Server (version=TLS1_2, cipher=TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384) id 15.20.8048.16; Wed, 9 Oct 2024 07:06:37 +0000 Received: from CO6PR11MB5602.namprd11.prod.outlook.com ([fe80::a7e3:721d:9cec:6093]) by CO6PR11MB5602.namprd11.prod.outlook.com ([fe80::a7e3:721d:9cec:6093%7]) with mapi id 15.20.8048.013; Wed, 9 Oct 2024 07:06:37 +0000 Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="------------3eIHYdCGkBDMSLJXlnCZTUge" Message-ID: <5fb2e2f1-5a68-424b-91d4-a9d80d9eb919@windriver.com> Date: Wed, 9 Oct 2024 15:06:32 +0800 User-Agent: Mozilla Thunderbird Subject: Re: [yocto] How I can update the Yocto SDK incrementally/partially? To: salahaldeen.altous@yahoo.com, yocto@lists.yoctoproject.org References: <2fc61685-dd91-405e-8ea4-56d1ecf58c02@windriver.com> <13199.1728456508530107727@lists.yoctoproject.org> Content-Language: en-US From: ChenQi In-Reply-To: <13199.1728456508530107727@lists.yoctoproject.org> X-ClientProxiedBy: TYAPR01CA0022.jpnprd01.prod.outlook.com (2603:1096:404::34) To CO6PR11MB5602.namprd11.prod.outlook.com (2603:10b6:303:13a::5) MIME-Version: 1.0 X-MS-PublicTrafficType: Email X-MS-TrafficTypeDiagnostic: CO6PR11MB5602:EE_|DS7PR11MB6197:EE_ X-MS-Office365-Filtering-Correlation-Id: 0aed4476-c9a9-4f39-d121-08dce830eaa0 X-MS-Exchange-SenderADCheck: 1 X-MS-Exchange-AntiSpam-Relay: 0 X-Microsoft-Antispam: BCL:0;ARA:13230040|1800799024|366016|376014; X-Microsoft-Antispam-Message-Info: =?utf-8?B?dUQybzRzS0FHbHZlZTB6SDNNcnBvUmpTZnpXSXFYL0xhMFgvUTFrVnl2Q1Q3?= =?utf-8?B?M2RFb3hTVk1JcnIwSnkzWVA3SHdSTDFqaGkxUkp5a0FsRzkwdmlHSUFVN1Zj?= =?utf-8?B?VDVXKzVOcU9pNW96dVRzSDh1bGozeWx2Rmd1eU4rRGJEWFlvTXU2Q1pMOFZS?= =?utf-8?B?WDJrNDZjcW1CbndYbmZCa2s1OENGazNJUURiSGU2RzQyamZGR0E5QU9qaWFu?= =?utf-8?B?RUJmQWllZFd0MlgzY0ZxNGdUSmRvcS93V2pFUm80SVBId1RWNmpLd3JxMSth?= =?utf-8?B?S1o2V1NGZWpFYkRkcElZMkZQWk16Zkp6TlR3M2VNYk5Zai9TT25vQ05ycm9S?= =?utf-8?B?QmJ6a1R4SWNiVUF2ajl0M2FtWEpEWjUvbERBcWordHZMamVIaE9xSHRrUU4w?= =?utf-8?B?Z1BqbkRCVVdHYnlEbHNteEZYUnBlUTRuNVFpdzcrVFhCUldzQVJwcG1JZXlJ?= =?utf-8?B?QVlha2tERkQrN1FzNTY5aEcwTXJpeTNKSVVFYnNnRkhkSXM1QkhTWjlkYWJU?= =?utf-8?B?bkxScE1WT0JYUitrZGlBZVZFbDdEV0RoVlR4K1hNSzRjUHZEb2lSSE1UaVlV?= =?utf-8?B?QzFXNEs5VVFUK1ZzcXBtb1QzVkVDUENVK2RqL1d0TWZ4VDBXdjFXeDlhdGJ1?= =?utf-8?B?TCt6aXphM0ptRmE2bEJoRUNQeDZtVXc2a0dEalV5OVIzeDFzcEZKdWlXNEdk?= =?utf-8?B?U3FMZDFtOSs4T2JjQjJUK1hjcmRveHBLZnMxbldFWVhUNGxkR1hjdU1LSEtF?= =?utf-8?B?YndDT2tlUFFsaXFkL1FPSVVTbjlLcEg5UWg2bDllbTBVOURJS0JrWUdEZEE3?= =?utf-8?B?Zm9GNFltb0pNWmpzT1owRFpqaUVIWmxrR1oxUEdpZkRPY2JpY0JOa3ExWlZy?= =?utf-8?B?SytkOWpGNzhBVjlGRk1UNitUbmpsOUNiQzNXRUxSSGM1RnBoRmhrOTFXVmRI?= =?utf-8?B?eFJBNW12VXlmVDNoTmtXOW0zSE1VL0YyQlpHWUptL1pUSkJBS3MwUG5GS0Vn?= =?utf-8?B?L2FKcUlhZ0MrOGJ5NnJCYm5EaFpsNEt1eElMZTN5dEh4ejVMZngrNkpGN1c3?= =?utf-8?B?cE1OOGFxTTZOYU9VbWJTNGdyU3JrT2VnM0YwNk13SFRUOEZPRk4xelNqTXNO?= =?utf-8?B?V2FPNmp2VHJ3b0MwMGRoS0ZSRVRSQzBWb0liT2R3eDRXQTFKcjZDTHJpU1dw?= =?utf-8?B?TUZCYk40eXgzenYvYXhqa29GbmV1aVZ4d20wNkU1ZzBGV2F5cUtaQXpNbU1s?= =?utf-8?B?L01qK1RrenFVNHg3VTJBdWkzOU5JcVVRclIzYkhaek5uRU5LM1MvNkFYaGpK?= =?utf-8?B?YVNMenYzSSszRExsd0diVEtxcjVReG9yTUdSRFhuaWcvTWNpa0YxMWxvQVhC?= =?utf-8?B?WG0xQ2JvNUtUV2lRcnNkUjNxeUVSU2tjRUNnZ0hoaFl1SzRpMk9mRUpEYndP?= =?utf-8?B?SXAzK0kxcWUvTyswb3JuWSsxS2hKUWE5WkNnekJUUE54Sms5T25mblJaYitH?= =?utf-8?B?b0tqZXZ1enB2YmxyQ1VRbmIyUFdNRC9pSFkvT3JJYjdSNFVabnBXVkJlbVU4?= =?utf-8?B?S3NHL2E4NjJYT0I5RThjb1BOeVhuelFBY3dMNEY2RDdvSk9OdnBQQUNjWTZB?= =?utf-8?B?clB1UktvUVoxek0wTXk5U1MwZnE4M05tM1RqKzh6ZFhWVUo0eWJ3VlZ5TU5M?= =?utf-8?B?UktRNFZVaTJUSEdWTDRsOFZMR0VEUGxBVVJQaE9kdWxUa2NEZUlIU1R3PT0=?= X-Forefront-Antispam-Report: CIP:255.255.255.255;CTRY:;LANG:en;SCL:1;SRV:;IPV:NLI;SFV:NSPM;H:CO6PR11MB5602.namprd11.prod.outlook.com;PTR:;CAT:NONE;SFS:(13230040)(1800799024)(366016)(376014);DIR:OUT;SFP:1101; X-MS-Exchange-AntiSpam-MessageData-ChunkCount: 1 X-MS-Exchange-AntiSpam-MessageData-0: =?utf-8?B?MnBhZU0vU2JsQmdManJlbVN3YUhsT3lwQUxiMU5QbFVHUDBOZWhnNHV3bEYx?= =?utf-8?B?WmpuUjBMNklaTkh0VTFENjhESWlaM2NPTUhLTHYrRFJyRVp4bHpKdDlMSFJk?= =?utf-8?B?dWp0bmJIQnZIb0Y1ZXk1RTZucGE2MU1jK2p4ZEF0KzUrUDFiQzdsNnBVNW9p?= =?utf-8?B?TTQzTXU2aGFoVEpnUkFLZVZZL2VhZ0RUb09zZHRWYlFZVkx2cW5SQSs5ZXpO?= =?utf-8?B?WDA2THcvVUxQc3g3WHBIMm95RWhPakFXVksrdkZSaXRZSVdqdzFWSzQ1QTY3?= =?utf-8?B?S1M3b1pYN1JTcHNxS1JGS0txa2RmWEpTSFNWR3BraGVDSTV2R3hxdnJZSVNO?= =?utf-8?B?NVpYTFdPOFhpT3lUZFd0cXRCb2hkK0FscTJxOWNiVGpUQ25TYzF6ZTdoNGZX?= =?utf-8?B?OGlXOExhMG5UNWFPZXZoeEF5S2RlUUpmME82RXZXeFRjN2h0OG9zVCtpS3p2?= =?utf-8?B?VnA5YmExbW1kTVhjUjZYQmtUYnNrckdDb0NGVDBScmlpODdXeVkvK0lNaklV?= =?utf-8?B?NGRJTENtaHlweXc5QjdoRmlrWVJyK0d0aGQzeUNLc1Z5N0ZzakljMEp1WXps?= =?utf-8?B?WFJkUWNIU25VaHlSK3A0bzFDSDVNUExhM1dsMG1EVXozanBvUS9FQ1lTZ0Rk?= =?utf-8?B?azFTVmd1RU1qSllIUzJmWTR5QS9EZHd1S040TGZueUd1VU1EZE4ydWl4ZG1k?= =?utf-8?B?K3lvdVNNMUZjU3BBR0tVMjhvYkZGRGZGZUhJOFJ3dTBuTXVhQmxsRGJKV3Rj?= =?utf-8?B?cDdMZmZTOTMxUFl4bUd6dTFJTjg2OTZtQTZqRUp6VmgrVXlHVDVQeXh1aFFK?= =?utf-8?B?TE1jOFhac280WE9wT0I5TXBpdXVvNjg3N0J5dXppYlp5ZlBnd1hZeVYyL2l6?= =?utf-8?B?aUdISlJFUzRqcjVkNUZvd0xRTGhPZFBMK0dKQUgvcm43UFQ2MjQxTmpqbVNM?= =?utf-8?B?SXpUOWFKeVpobGdEenNETGsrTDJHN21SY3VJUTNRYXl1S09SZVFueGJXalcy?= =?utf-8?B?UnNwOTBkNnBlcEhseFI3TGxGVUtlN3ozMDNFbmMvOHM2SnZ2bThYTU84TFY3?= =?utf-8?B?elRTZFFWcW42SVVaeVFEKytWZ2dJSTJ2azZzaHQrYmQ0dUptRElCWEN1VHdR?= =?utf-8?B?anpPczlMT3E5cTRFV012T1JwWmhLWkRsTCs2K0JyTXh3NnA3NDZRc1ZLQVQ3?= =?utf-8?B?L29aeWxndDBoWDdGcUFLMmFDVVF0alY4Vy8xb1QrazB0dDZCcEFrZ1pUU2lP?= =?utf-8?B?OWZhQUMyT2MzNUNEbytLQ2p5WHAvclhOVStWb3AwbDJPTXYwV2cyYXg4Wk1q?= =?utf-8?B?SllqYy9ka2tIYUNsZTlNNHFkZW4yWHhDUExWU21zbnA3TitDYis3T0Rzc29V?= =?utf-8?B?T3NzRmNmdnVTRlQ2VStlRjZpbXdQOUY0alI2dEpuYXl4MHI2Z1o5djF5cWta?= =?utf-8?B?Q28waklMSjBuYVpMdFd5ek0xNlJnSTZ2YTZHd0ljYTg3YUlTQldNUDgxZ2Mx?= =?utf-8?B?UmprRjFFR2VzOXlNL3Q1VzU2Z1U1OTVoWkJXZ1FkRm5VWXRKZDJ3N1paV0t2?= =?utf-8?B?MFcrZXVQQUt3LytMbjROcnF1ZkVoQ3F4L0JOTWJ3OUJGNkxsVHZiV1VoaU1o?= =?utf-8?B?aWZEeVVvbUU5NXFJSU5mT01Bdkh4Rm0xQW0vWHlLbjIxV3F6MitUNTFIeExK?= =?utf-8?B?bHkxUllzdUQzc0lLM05qT2xHOVBTcUJhVlRLZkIwc0xkNzU4ZXUzWFNiUjJx?= =?utf-8?B?RFBXSVRYM3ZoeHl5SmJNcTFBMk1uSUVLQm0vTUhvS050TkZmZWpzbC9lVHJi?= =?utf-8?B?ek9sMVg0T3JzUE5TZnI2R0lpbE10UkZWOUQ3QzdKQ0dpeTM5VU9LMk1aS045?= =?utf-8?B?WW0vOWdwVnZ4QXovNzh6TE1sM1BZREJoajgrTVVVb0RXTGxlMGpRT0czY0Iz?= =?utf-8?B?QTFiOExPTkpncWVjcnBVTG9SeVdlWDJMckc3Rk93T3VZN0NheTZ6UytHYXlY?= =?utf-8?B?aXVlVDRKN3R2VnZDNE0wYm1LZzJ0cVdyM1ZqTmFhU29GeE12SDF5Zlk2cmJn?= =?utf-8?B?N245aXZidVNiNG4wVy9FcjZCUkNQOVFMMkZhNlNoRzYvU1MvVlF1N1lJaFJ5?= =?utf-8?Q?pr1/P8vAewnL7ud+mWi0hTwIi?= X-OriginatorOrg: windriver.com X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-Network-Message-Id: 0aed4476-c9a9-4f39-d121-08dce830eaa0 X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-AuthSource: CO6PR11MB5602.namprd11.prod.outlook.com X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-AuthAs: Internal X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-OriginalArrivalTime: 09 Oct 2024 07:06:37.3403 (UTC) X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-FromEntityHeader: Hosted X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-Id: 8ddb2873-a1ad-4a18-ae4e-4644631433be X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-MailboxType: HOSTED X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-UserPrincipalName: iXMWMM7qg7g8CkmvcucTEjxFftt9op0w+E3jnwdo33OX9TvrzZSC/nbtxXJrZn4gSd7bv9G2PTiNDAWUxymxOw== X-MS-Exchange-Transport-CrossTenantHeadersStamped: DS7PR11MB6197 X-Authority-Analysis: v=2.4 cv=CPp4XgrD c=1 sm=1 tr=0 ts=67062b81 cx=c_pps a=2/f09Pi2ycfuKzF0xiDRrg==:117 a=Ol13hO9ccFRV9qXi2t6ftBPywas=:19 a=xqWC_Br6kY4A:10 a=DAUX931o1VcA:10 a=bRTqI5nwn0kA:10 a=CjxXgO3LAAAA:8 a=iGHA9ds3AAAA:8 a=AocWFqeb0f7UP2LcQjoA:9 a=QEXdDO2ut3YA:10 a=DcS3f9wDLN6JP3Sg1dwA:9 a=jR660wRJkt7tgQgI:21 a=_W_S_7VecoQA:10 a=lqcHg5cX4UMA:10 a=nM-MV4yxpKKO9kiQg6Ot:22 X-Proofpoint-ORIG-GUID: RwBRyC3oRXw8_PIGuQ4_lN3FdgmLCu_y X-Proofpoint-GUID: RwBRyC3oRXw8_PIGuQ4_lN3FdgmLCu_y X-Proofpoint-Virus-Version: vendor=baseguard engine=ICAP:2.0.293,Aquarius:18.0.1051,Hydra:6.0.680,FMLib:17.12.62.30 definitions=2024-10-09_05,2024-10-08_01,2024-09-30_01 X-Proofpoint-Spam-Details: rule=outbound_notspam policy=outbound score=0 clxscore=1015 adultscore=0 spamscore=0 lowpriorityscore=0 mlxlogscore=966 bulkscore=0 priorityscore=1501 malwarescore=0 mlxscore=0 impostorscore=0 suspectscore=0 phishscore=0 classifier=spam authscore=0 adjust=0 reason=mlx scancount=1 engine=8.21.0-2409260000 definitions=main-2410090046 List-Id: X-Webhook-Received: from li982-79.members.linode.com [45.33.32.79] by aws-us-west-2-korg-lkml-1.web.codeaurora.org with HTTPS for ; Wed, 09 Oct 2024 07:06:47 -0000 X-Groupsio-URL: https://lists.yoctoproject.org/g/yocto/message/63981 --------------3eIHYdCGkBDMSLJXlnCZTUge Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit For things to work, the package manager will need to have some certain abilities. For example, it can accept a parameter which points to the database it uses (e.g., --dbpath). I think RPM/dnf have all the ability to make things work. I'm not familiar with opkg though. Even with RPM/dnf, updating SDK from binary package feeds still needs some tool which invokes rpm/dnf, because you'll need to do some relocation or some mapping or creating some temp root directory, etc, in that tool. Regards, Qi On 10/9/24 14:48, salahaldeen.altous@yahoo.com via Lists.Yoctoproject.Org wrote: > Hi Qi, > > On Tue, Oct 8, 2024 at 07:50 PM, Chen Qi wrote: > > If I understand it correctly, you want to update your SDK from some > binary package feeds. I'd say it's possible, because it's basically > about installing packages into some directory and doing some > relocation, > but you'll need to write some tool to do the update work and place > that > tool in your SDK. There's no official tool in Yocto as far as I know. > Not sure if someone else has written such a tool. > > this is also my thought, and I was think to use opkg after sourcing > the sdk script. > But was not working > > source path/to/sdk/environment-setup-aarch64-oe-linux > opkg list > * file_mkdir_hier: Cannot create directory > `//usr/local/oe-sdk-hardcoded-buildpath': Permission denied. > > I am missing something here!! > > Regards, > Salahaldeen > > > Regards, > Qi > > On 10/8/24 16:28, salahaldeen.altous@yahoo.com via > lists.yoctoproject.org wrote: > > Hi All, > > I have the need to update the yocto SDK incrementally without > the need > to rebuild it every time from scratch. > I have the package management ipk enabled in my configuration. > > can I use opkg install after sourcing the SDK script? which > requirement I need to get it running? > updating the rootfs on the target is working fine, but > updating the > SDK is not working > > Regards, > Salahaldeen > --------------3eIHYdCGkBDMSLJXlnCZTUge Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

For things to work, the package manager will need to have some certain abilities. For example, it can accept a parameter which points to the database it uses (e.g., --dbpath). I think RPM/dnf have all the ability to make things work. I'm not familiar with opkg though. Even with RPM/dnf, updating SDK from binary package feeds still needs some tool which invokes rpm/dnf, because you'll need to do some relocation or some mapping or creating some temp root directory, etc, in that tool.

Regards,

Qi


On 10/9/24 14:48, salahaldeen.altous@yahoo.com via Lists.Yoctoproject.Org wrote:
Hi Qi,

On Tue, Oct 8, 2024 at 07:50 PM, Chen Qi wrote:
If I understand it correctly, you want to update your SDK from some
binary package feeds. I'd say it's possible, because it's basically
about installing packages into some directory and doing some relocation,
but you'll need to write some tool to do the update work and place that
tool in your SDK. There's no official tool in Yocto as far as I know.
Not sure if someone else has written such a tool.
this is also my thought, and I was think to use opkg after sourcing the sdk script.
But was not working

source path/to/sdk/environment-setup-aarch64-oe-linux
opkg list
* file_mkdir_hier: Cannot create directory `//usr/local/oe-sdk-hardcoded-buildpath': Permission denied.

I am missing something here!!

Regards,
Salahaldeen


Regards,
Qi

On 10/8/24 16:28, salahaldeen.altous@yahoo.com via
lists.yoctoproject.org wrote:
Hi All,

I have the need to update the yocto SDK incrementally without the need
to rebuild it every time from scratch.
I have the package management ipk enabled in my configuration.

can I use opkg install after sourcing the SDK script? which
requirement I need to get it running?
updating the rootfs on the target is working fine, but updating the
SDK is not working

Regards,
Salahaldeen


--------------3eIHYdCGkBDMSLJXlnCZTUge--