[syzbot] [kvmarm?] kernel BUG in kvm_s2_put_page

[syzbot <syzbot+c41f3ddb8299a30a98b5@syzkaller.appspotmail.com>]

Hello,

syzbot found the following issue on:

HEAD commit:    62e68218ab58 Merge branch kvm-arm64/nv-debug into kvmarm-m..
git tree:       git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kvmarm/kvmarm.git next
console output: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/log.txt?x=1551cf62580000
kernel config:  https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/.config?x=1b1bafe30fc85201
dashboard link: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=c41f3ddb8299a30a98b5
compiler:       Debian clang version 20.1.8 (++20250708123704+0de59a293f7a-1~exp1~20250708003721.134), Debian LLD 20.1.8
userspace arch: arm64

Unfortunately, I don't have any reproducer for this issue yet.

Downloadable assets:
disk image (non-bootable): https://storage.googleapis.com/syzbot-assets/fa3fbcfdac58/non_bootable_disk-62e68218.raw.xz
vmlinux: https://storage.googleapis.com/syzbot-assets/99c4e665c20d/vmlinux-62e68218.xz
kernel image: https://storage.googleapis.com/syzbot-assets/4204d63db4b5/Image-62e68218.gz.xz

IMPORTANT: if you fix the issue, please add the following tag to the commit:
Reported-by: syzbot+c41f3ddb8299a30a98b5@syzkaller.appspotmail.com

raw: 01ffea8000000000 ffffc1ffc0807c48 ffffc1ffc080a888 0000000000000000
raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000
page dumped because: VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(page_ref_count(page) == 0)
------------[ cut here ]------------
kernel BUG at ./include/linux/mm.h:1036!
Internal error: Oops - BUG: 00000000f2000800 [#1]  SMP
Modules linked in:
CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 4079 Comm: syz.1.200 Not tainted syzkaller #0 PREEMPT 
Hardware name: linux,dummy-virt (DT)
pstate: 60402009 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--)
pc : put_page_testzero include/linux/mm.h:1036 [inline]
pc : folio_put_testzero include/linux/mm.h:1042 [inline]
pc : folio_put include/linux/mm.h:1359 [inline]
pc : put_page include/linux/mm.h:1429 [inline]
pc : kvm_s2_put_page+0x374/0x3a0 arch/arm64/kvm/mmu.c:264
lr : put_page_testzero include/linux/mm.h:1036 [inline]
lr : folio_put_testzero include/linux/mm.h:1042 [inline]
lr : folio_put include/linux/mm.h:1359 [inline]
lr : put_page include/linux/mm.h:1429 [inline]
lr : kvm_s2_put_page+0x374/0x3a0 arch/arm64/kvm/mmu.c:264
sp : ffff80008edd7570
x29: ffff80008edd7570 x28: a4f00000202a2000 x27: a4f00000202a2000
x26: 00000000000000ff x25: ffff80008734e000 x24: ffffc1ffc0000000
x23: ffffc1ffc0806908 x22: 0000000000000000 x21: ffffc1ffc0806934
x20: 0000000000000000 x19: ffffc1ffc0806900 x18: 000000004afc0585
x17: 0000000004687c8c x16: 000000004af050f5 x15: 0000000089957307
x14: ffffffffffffffff x13: fff0000012103b08 x12: 0000000000000001
x11: 0000000000080000 x10: 0000000000031ed7 x9 : c866620449182600
x8 : c866620449182600 x7 : ffff80008039fbc8 x6 : 0000000000000000
x5 : 0000000000000001 x4 : 0000000000000001 x3 : ffff800080390dd0
x2 : 0000000000000002 x1 : 0000000100000000 x0 : 000000000000003e
Call trace:
 put_page_testzero include/linux/mm.h:1036 [inline] (P)
 folio_put_testzero include/linux/mm.h:1042 [inline] (P)
 folio_put include/linux/mm.h:1359 [inline] (P)
 put_page include/linux/mm.h:1429 [inline] (P)
 kvm_s2_put_page+0x374/0x3a0 arch/arm64/kvm/mmu.c:264 (P)
 stage2_free_walker+0x1b0/0x264 arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/pgtable.c:1549
 kvm_pgtable_visitor_cb arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/pgtable.c:130 [inline]
 __kvm_pgtable_visit arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/pgtable.c:212 [inline]
 __kvm_pgtable_walk+0x7d8/0xa68 arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/pgtable.c:237
 _kvm_pgtable_walk arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/pgtable.c:260 [inline]
 kvm_pgtable_walk+0x294/0x468 arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/pgtable.c:283
 kvm_pgtable_stage2_destroy_range+0x60/0xb4 arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/pgtable.c:1563
 stage2_destroy_range arch/arm64/kvm/mmu.c:924 [inline]
 kvm_stage2_destroy arch/arm64/kvm/mmu.c:935 [inline]
 kvm_free_stage2_pgd+0x198/0x28c arch/arm64/kvm/mmu.c:1112
 kvm_uninit_stage2_mmu+0x20/0x38 arch/arm64/kvm/mmu.c:1023
 kvm_arch_flush_shadow_all+0x1a8/0x1e0 arch/arm64/kvm/nested.c:1113
 kvm_flush_shadow_all virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:343 [inline]
 kvm_mmu_notifier_release+0x48/0xa8 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:884
 mmu_notifier_unregister+0x128/0x42c mm/mmu_notifier.c:815
 kvm_destroy_vm virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:1295 [inline]
 kvm_put_kvm+0x6a0/0xfa8 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:1353
 kvm_vcpu_release+0x70/0x9c virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:4100
 __fput+0x4ac/0x980 fs/file_table.c:468
 ____fput+0x20/0x58 fs/file_table.c:496
 task_work_run+0x1bc/0x254 kernel/task_work.c:227
 get_signal+0x13ec/0x1554 kernel/signal.c:2807
 do_signal+0x23c/0x4dd0 arch/arm64/kernel/signal.c:1618
 do_notify_resume+0xb0/0x270 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:152
 exit_to_user_mode_prepare arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:173 [inline]
 exit_to_user_mode arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:182 [inline]
 el0_svc+0xb8/0x164 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:880
 el0t_64_sync_handler+0x84/0x12c arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:898
 el0t_64_sync+0x198/0x19c arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S:596
Code: f00375a1 9112fc21 aa1303e0 97f9c9f2 (d4210000) 
---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---


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