Hi Mauro,

I assume that you are working with poky/meta layer.
You can use conditional function from oe.utils library like this:

YOUR_VAR = "${@oe.utils.conditional("VAR_NAME", "compare_value", "value_if_true", "value_if_false", d)}"

myrecipe.bbappend:
FILE_NAME = "${@oe.utils.conditional("MY_VAR", "white", "white.txt", "default.txt", d)}"
do_install_append() {
    install -m 0644 ${FILE_NAME} ${D}/etc/value
}

local.conf:
MY_VAR = "white"

Another way is using in-line python conditional statement:
FILE_NAME = "${@'white.txt' if 'white' in d.getVar('MY_VAR') else 'default.txt'}"


If you want more than two values, consider using variable flag:
https://www.yoctoproject.org/docs/latest/bitbake-user-manual/bitbake-user-manual.html#variable-flag-syntax

Regards,
DD