All of lore.kernel.org
 help / color / mirror / Atom feed
 messages from 2026-02-27 12:34:13 to 2026-02-27 13:39:30 UTC [more...]

[PATCH v1] media: aspeed: Fix driver probe failure
 2026-02-27 12:59 UTC  (2+ messages)

[REGRESSION] 6.19.4 stable netfilter / nftables
 2026-02-27 13:39 UTC  (6+ messages)
    ` [REGRESSION] 6.19.4 stable netfilter / nftables [resolved]

[PULL v2 00/19] Python patches
 2026-02-27 13:37 UTC  (4+ messages)
` block/nfs.c and libnfs vs Fedora 43 (was: Re: [PULL v2 00/19] Python patches)
  ` block/nfs.c and libnfs vs Fedora 43

[PATCH] PCI: Change PCIe capability registers offset to hex
 2026-02-27 13:38 UTC  (3+ messages)

[PATCH 0/2] cxl/mbox: fix undersized payload handling in cxl_payload_from_user_allowed()
 2026-02-27 13:38 UTC  (3+ messages)
` [PATCH 2/2] cxl/mbox: return appropriate error "

[syzbot] [jfs?] general protection fault in lmLogSync (2)
 2026-02-27 13:38 UTC 

[intel-tdx:kai-test 1/1] drivers/acpi/numa/srat.c:428:19: warning: 'acpi_parse_cfmws' defined but not used
 2026-02-27 13:37 UTC 

[PATCH] hw/cpu: Build a15mpcore.c once as common object
 2026-02-27 13:36 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH v10 bpf-next 01/10] btf: add BTF kind layout encoding to UAPI
 2026-02-27 13:35 UTC  (3+ messages)

[PATCH] iio: adc: ade9000: move mutex init before IRQ registration
 2026-02-27 13:33 UTC 

[linusw-pinctrl:for-next] BUILD SUCCESS 5d9eaad9439d6b059777e89ee2eee3b663827469
 2026-02-27 13:32 UTC 

[PATCH V1] PCI: Hide SBR from reset_methods if masked by CXL
 2026-02-27 13:34 UTC  (4+ messages)
` [PATCH V2] "

[PATCH v6 05/14] kernel-yocto-rust: Fix for buildpaths errors when rust is enabled for kernel
 2026-02-27 13:33 UTC  (8+ messages)
` [PATCH v6 09/14] selftest/cases/runtime_test: Add test for Linux Rust sample
  ` [OE-core] "

[PATCH v2] wifi: move action code from per-type frame structs
 2026-02-27 13:33 UTC  (4+ messages)

[RFC PATCH 0/2] imx8mp-frdm: Enhance code readability
 2026-02-27 13:33 UTC  (5+ messages)
` [RFC PATCH 1/2] arm64: dts: imx8mp: Make MX8MP_I2C_DEFAULT independent on drive strength
` [RFC PATCH 2/2] arm64: dts: imx8mp-frdm: Use symbolic macros for IOMUXC_SW_PAD_CTL_PAD

[PATCH net] net: dsa: b53: prevent standalone from trying to forward to other ports
 2026-02-27 13:32 UTC  (5+ messages)

Linux 6.19.4
 2026-02-27 13:32 UTC  (7+ messages)
` Linux 6.19.4 - Oops, regression

[PATCH] drm/nouveau: Test for imported buffers with drm_gem_is_imported()
 2026-02-27 13:31 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH] drm/rockchip: Test for imported buffers with drm_gem_is_imported()
 2026-02-27 13:31 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH] drm/xen: Test for imported buffers with drm_gem_is_imported()
 2026-02-27 13:31 UTC 

[PATCH] drm/omapdrm: Test for imported buffers with drm_gem_is_imported()
 2026-02-27 13:31 UTC 

[PATCH] drm/vc4: Test for imported buffers with drm_gem_is_imported()
 2026-02-27 13:31 UTC 

[PATCH] drm/gud: Test for imported buffers with drm_gem_is_imported()
 2026-02-27 13:31 UTC 

[PATCH] drm/panthor: Test for imported buffers with drm_gem_is_imported()
 2026-02-27 13:31 UTC 

[PATCH] drm/panfrost: Test for imported buffers with drm_gem_is_imported()
 2026-02-27 13:31 UTC 

[PATCH] drm/exynos: Test for imported buffers with drm_gem_is_imported()
 2026-02-27 13:31 UTC 

[PATCH] drm/radeon: Test for imported buffers with drm_gem_is_imported()
 2026-02-27 13:31 UTC 

[PATCH] drm/xe: Test for imported buffers with drm_gem_is_imported()
 2026-02-27 13:31 UTC 

[PATCH] drm/i915: Test for imported buffers with drm_gem_is_imported()
 2026-02-27 13:31 UTC 

[PATCH] drm/armada: Test for imported buffers with drm_gem_is_imported()
 2026-02-27 13:31 UTC 

[PATCH] accel/ivpu: Test for imported buffers with drm_gem_is_imported()
 2026-02-27 13:31 UTC 

[PATCH] drm/ttm/tests: Fix build failure on PREEMPT_RT
 2026-02-27 13:31 UTC  (2+ messages)
` ✗ Xe.CI.FULL: failure for "

[PATCH] btrfs: pass 'verbose' parameter to btrfs_relocate_block_group
 2026-02-27 13:31 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH v3 0/1] usb: dwc3: Support for USB3340x ULPI PHY
 2026-02-27 13:30 UTC  (2+ messages)
` [PATCH v3 1/1] usb: dwc3: Support USB3340x ULPI PHY high-speed negotiation

[PATCH 0/7] dma-buf: heaps: Turn heaps into modules
 2026-02-27 13:30 UTC  (10+ messages)
` [PATCH 2/7] mm: cma: Export cma_alloc and cma_release

[PATCH net v8 0/1] net/sched: act_gate: snapshot parameters with RCU on replace
 2026-02-27 13:29 UTC  (7+ messages)
` [PATCH net v8 1/1] "

[PATCH 0/4] KVM: riscv: Fix Spectre-v1 vulnerabilities in register access
 2026-02-27 13:28 UTC  (5+ messages)
` [PATCH 4/4] KVM: riscv: Fix Spectre-v1 in PMU counter access

[PATCH v2] block: Correct comments on bio_alloc_clone() and bio_init_clone()
 2026-02-27 13:28 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH i-g-t v2] tests/intel/kms_sharpness_filter: Restructure modifier validation into per-modifier subtests
 2026-02-27 13:28 UTC  (3+ messages)
` ✓ Xe.CI.BAT: success for tests/intel/kms_sharpness_filter: Restructure modifier validation into per-modifier subtests (rev2)
` ✗ i915.CI.BAT: failure "

[PATCH 0/8] rust: module parameter extensions
 2026-02-27 13:27 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH] kbuild: host: use single executable for rustc -C linker
 2026-02-27 13:27 UTC  (2+ messages)
` [PATCH v2] "

[PATCH] x86/kexec: Disable KCOV instrumentation after load_segments()
 2026-02-27 13:25 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH v4 0/4] drm/xe/vf: Fix exec queue creation during post-migration recovery
 2026-02-27 13:25 UTC  (3+ messages)
` ✗ Xe.CI.FULL: failure for drm/xe/vf: Fix exec queue creation during post-migration recovery (rev4)

[PATCH v11 0/8] virtio-net: live-TAP local migration
 2026-02-27 13:25 UTC  (3+ messages)
` [PATCH v11 8/8] tests/functional: add test_tap_migration

[PATCH v17 0/3] Improve proc RSS accuracy
 2026-02-27 13:25 UTC  (8+ messages)

[PATCH v4 0/8] Improve zoned (SMR) HDD write throughput
 2026-02-27 13:19 UTC  (9+ messages)
` [PATCH v4 1/8] block: fix zone write plug removal
` [PATCH v4 2/8] block: fix zone write plugs refcount handling in disk_zone_wplug_schedule_bio_work()
` [PATCH v4 3/8] block: rename and simplify disk_get_and_lock_zone_wplug()
` [PATCH v4 4/8] block: remove disk_zone_is_full()
` [PATCH v4 5/8] block: rename struct gendisk zone_wplugs_lock field
` [PATCH v4 6/8] block: allow submitting all zone writes from a single context
` [PATCH v4 7/8] block: default to QD=1 writes for blk-mq rotational zoned devices
` [PATCH v4 8/8] Documentation: ABI: stable: document the zoned_qd1_writes attribute

[PATCH v2] dax/kmem: account for partial dis-contiguous resource upon removal
 2026-02-27 13:23 UTC  (3+ messages)

[PATCH v2 0/9] dma-buf: heaps: Turn heaps into modules
 2026-02-27 13:15 UTC  (10+ messages)
` [PATCH v2 1/9] dma: contiguous: Turn heap registration logic around
` [PATCH v2 2/9] dma: contiguous: Make dev_get_cma_area() a proper function
` [PATCH v2 3/9] dma: contiguous: Make dma_contiguous_default_area static
` [PATCH v2 4/9] mm: cma: Export dev_get_cma_area()
` [PATCH v2 5/9] mm: cma: Export cma_alloc and cma_release
` [PATCH v2 6/9] mm: cma: Export cma_get_name
` [PATCH v2 7/9] dma-buf: heaps: Export mem_accounting parameter
` [PATCH v2 8/9] dma-buf: heaps: cma: Turn the heap into a module
` [PATCH v2 9/9] dma-buf: heaps: system: "

[PATCH bpf-next v3 0/5] Add the the capability to load HW RX checsum in eBPF programs
 2026-02-27 13:21 UTC  (9+ messages)
` [PATCH bpf-next v3 1/5] netlink: specs: Add XDP RX checksum capability to XDP metadata specs
            ` [Intel-wired-lan] "

[PATCH v2 0/3] cxl region changes for Type2 support
 2026-02-27 13:21 UTC  (3+ messages)
` [PATCH v2 3/3] cxl/region: Factor out interleave granularity setup

[PATCH v2] x86/irq: Optimize interrupts decimals printing
 2026-02-27 13:20 UTC  (3+ messages)

[PATCH] clk: scmi: Fix protocol version fetch for non-CCF platforms
 2026-02-27 12:07 UTC 

[PATCH v1] spi: designware: add support for bits-per-word DT binding
 2026-02-27 11:04 UTC 

[PATCH 1/1] board/BuR/zynq: don't select non-existent SPL_BINMAN_FDT
 2026-02-27 10:38 UTC  (3+ messages)

[PATCH v1] arm: socfpga: Gen5/A10: Enable Designware watchdog
 2026-02-27  8:48 UTC 

[PATCH RFC] binman: Make FDT size hint configurable
 2026-02-27  7:27 UTC  (3+ messages)

[RFC][PATCH 0/6] x86/topo: SNC Divination
 2026-02-27 13:19 UTC  (7+ messages)
` [RFC][PATCH 2/6] x86/topo: Add TOPO_NUMA_DOMAIN
` [RFC][PATCH 5/6] x86/topo: Fix SNC topology mess

Pull request efi-2026-04-rc4
 2026-02-27 13:19 UTC 

[PATCH v2 0/2] format-patch: add cover-letter-format option
 2026-02-27 13:18 UTC  (10+ messages)
` [PATCH v3 0/4] "
  ` [PATCH v3 3/4] format-patch: add ability to use alt cover format
  ` [PATCH v4 0/4] format-patch: add cover-letter-format option
    ` [PATCH v4 1/4] pretty.c: add %(count) and %(total) placeholders
    ` [PATCH v4 2/4] format-patch: move cover letter summary generation
    ` [PATCH v4 3/4] format-patch: add ability to use alt cover format
    ` [PATCH v4 4/4] format-patch: add commitListFormat config

[PATCH i-g-t] tests/intel/kms_big_fb: Skip 90/270 rotation on Display Ver >= 13
 2026-02-27 13:18 UTC  (2+ messages)
` ✗ Fi.CI.BUILD: failure for "

[RFC PATCH kernel] iommufd: Allow mapping from KVM's guest_memfd
 2026-02-27 13:18 UTC  (10+ messages)

[syzbot] [netfilter?] WARNING in __nf_unregister_net_hook (9)
 2026-02-27 13:18 UTC 

[PATCH] arm64: dts: qcom: glymur-crd: Enable bluetooth
 2026-02-27 13:17 UTC  (6+ messages)

[PATCH] iio: frequency: admv1013: fix NULL pointer dereference on str
 2026-02-27 13:16 UTC 

[PATCH 00/11] Introduce ACPI watchdog for Q35 and arm/virt boards
 2026-02-27 13:14 UTC  (10+ messages)
` [PATCH 08/11] arm: virt: create GWDT watchdog paired with WDAT ACPI table

[PATCH 1/2] hid: asus: add xg mobile 2023 external hardware support
 2026-02-27 13:11 UTC  (4+ messages)
` [PATCH 2/2] hid: asus: always fully initialize devices

[Buildroot] [PATCH] package/sysrepo: fix build on riscv32
 2026-02-27 13:11 UTC  (5+ messages)

[syzbot] general protection fault in lmLogSync (2)
 2026-02-27 13:10 UTC  (2+ messages)
` Forwarded: Re: [syzbot] [jfs?] "

ppc-linux-user GDB stub broken
 2026-02-27 13:09 UTC  (3+ messages)

[PATCH 0/2] upload-pack: reduce lock contention when writing packfile data
 2026-02-27 13:04 UTC  (3+ messages)
` [PATCH 2/2] "

[PATCH] drm/xe/xe3p_lpg: Add Wa_14026578760
 2026-02-27 13:07 UTC  (2+ messages)
` ✓ CI.KUnit: success for "

[RESEND_V3] drm/i915/display: Panel Replay BW optimization for DP2.0 tunneling
 2026-02-27 13:06 UTC  (2+ messages)
` ✓ i915.CI.Full: success for drm/i915/display: Panel Replay BW optimization for DP2.0 tunneling (rev4)

[PATCH v3 1/5] mm: introduce zone lock wrappers
 2026-02-27 13:06 UTC  (3+ messages)

[PATCH] ppc/pnv: fix dumpdtb option
 2026-02-27 13:05 UTC  (5+ messages)

[linusw-pinctrl:fixes] BUILD SUCCESS b6c3af46c26f2d07c10a1452adc34b821719327e
 2026-02-27 13:04 UTC 

[PATCH] PCI: Correct PCI_CAP_EXP_ENDPOINT_SIZEOF_V2 value
 2026-02-27 13:04 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH] net: enetc: fix sirq-storm by clearing IDR registers
 2026-02-27 13:03 UTC  (7+ messages)

[RFC] net/cnxk: only build if platform is specified
 2026-02-27 13:03 UTC  (8+ messages)
` [EXTERNAL] "

[PATCH] dt-bindings: intel: Add Agilex5 SoCFPGA modular board
 2026-02-27 13:03 UTC  (5+ messages)

[PATCH v4 0/3] arm64: dts: rockchip: Fix vdec register blocks order on RK3576/RK3588
 2026-02-27 13:03 UTC  (6+ messages)
` [PATCH v4 1/3] media: dt-bindings: rockchip,vdec: Add alternative reg-names order for RK35{76,88}

[PATCH v4 RESEND 0/4] Add support for CS42L43B codec to CS42L43 driver
 2026-02-27 13:01 UTC  (5+ messages)
` [PATCH v4 RESEND 1/4] ASoC: sdw_utils: Add CS42L43B codec info
` [PATCH v4 RESEND 2/4] ASoC: dt-bindings: cirrus,cs42l43: Add CS42L43B variant
` [PATCH v4 RESEND 3/4] mfd: cs42l43: Add support for the B variant
` [PATCH v4 RESEND 4/4] ASoC: "

[PATCH v4 0/4] gdbstub: Generate a single gdbstub-xml.c / gdb_static_features[]
 2026-02-27 13:01 UTC  (7+ messages)
` [PATCH v4 1/4] meson: Restrict gdbstub to user/system builds
` [PATCH v4 2/4] gdbstub: Remove 'gdb-xml/' directory prefix in TARGET_XML_FILES
` [PATCH v4 3/4] gdbstub: Move gdb-xml/ within gdbstub/

[PATCH] hash: fix overflow of 32-bit offsets
 2026-02-27 13:01 UTC  (2+ messages)
` [PATCH v3] "

[RFC PATCH 0/7] vfio/pci: Add mmap() for DMABUFs
 2026-02-27 13:02 UTC  (8+ messages)
` [RFC PATCH 3/7] vfio/pci: Support mmap() of a DMABUF
` [RFC PATCH 4/7] dma-buf: uapi: Mechanism to revoke DMABUFs via ioctl()

[PATCH v2 0/4] rust_binder: check current before closing fds
 2026-02-27 13:02 UTC  (4+ messages)
` [PATCH v2 4/4] "

[CI] gpu/buddy: Introduce gpu_buddy_assert() for kunit-aware assertions
 2026-02-27 13:00 UTC 

[PATCH] hash: fix pointer alignment
 2026-02-27 13:00 UTC  (4+ messages)
` [PATCH v2] "

[PATCH] repo-settings: move warn_on_object_refname_ambiguity to repo_settings
 2026-02-27 12:56 UTC 

[Bug 221149] New: hp-wmi: Fan control fails and RPM always reads as zero on HP OMEN 16-wf1xxx (Board 8C76)
 2026-02-27 12:59 UTC  (2+ messages)
` [Bug 221149] "

[PATCH 0/3] drm/bridge: ti-sn65dsi83: two fixes + add test pattern
 2026-02-27 12:58 UTC  (6+ messages)
` [PATCH 3/3] drm/bridge: ti-sn65dsi83: add test pattern generation support

[PATCH v8 00/30] Secure IPL Support for SCSI Scheme of virtio-blk/virtio-scsi Devices
 2026-02-27 12:58 UTC  (7+ messages)
` [PATCH v8 05/30] s390x/diag: Introduce DIAG 320 for Certificate Store Facility
` [PATCH v8 06/30] s390x/diag: Refactor address validation check from diag308_parm_check
` [PATCH v8 07/30] s390x/diag: Implement DIAG 320 subcode 1

[RFC v5 0/1] Do not create drm device for PF only admin mode
 2026-02-27 12:58 UTC  (2+ messages)
` ✓ Xe.CI.BAT: success for Do not create drm device for PF only admin mode (rev4)

[PATCH v2 00/16] Add RISC-V big-endian target support
 2026-02-27 12:56 UTC  (8+ messages)

[PATCH v2 0/3] semihosting/uaccess: Swap bytes based on runtime-configurable endianness
 2026-02-27 12:54 UTC  (4+ messages)
` [PATCH v2 1/3] include/hw/core: Rename virtio_is_big_endian to internal_is_big_endian
` [PATCH v2 2/3] include/exec: Provide the cpu_internal_tswap() functions
` [PATCH v2 3/3] semihosting/uaccess: Use "

[OE-core] [PATCH v1] util-linux: Add vendor to CVE_PRODUCT to exclude false positives
 2026-02-27 12:51 UTC  (5+ messages)

[PATCH] memcg: fix slab accounting in refill_obj_stock() trylock path
 2026-02-27 12:51 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH] iio: pressure: abp2030pa: Replace IRQF_ONESHOT with IRQF_NO_THREAD
 2026-02-27 12:49 UTC  (3+ messages)

[PATCH] dma-buf: heaps: Add Coherent heap to dmabuf heaps
 2026-02-27 12:49 UTC  (3+ messages)

[PATCH] drm/ttm: Fix ttm_pool_beneficial_order() return type
 2026-02-27 12:49 UTC 

[PATCH v3 0/3] block/curl: fix S3 presigned URL support
 2026-02-27 12:45 UTC  (4+ messages)
` [PATCH v3 1/3] block/curl: fix concurrent completion handling
` [PATCH v3 2/3] qapi: block: Refactor HTTP(s) common arguments
` [PATCH v3 3/3] block/curl: add support for S3 presigned URLs

[PATCH 00/14] drm: Create drm_output_color_format enum
 2026-02-27 12:46 UTC  (4+ messages)
` [PATCH 14/14] drm/display: hdmi: Use drm_output_color_format instead of hdmi_colorspace

[acrn:6.17/linux 2/8] mm/hugetlb.c:57:10: fatal error: asm/hypervisor.h: No such file or directory
 2026-02-27 12:44 UTC 

[syzbot] [netfilter?] WARNING in __nf_unregister_net_hook (9)
 2026-02-27 12:46 UTC  (2+ messages)
` Forwarded: "

[PATCH v6 0/6] platform/x86/intel/vsec: Prep for ACPI PMT discovery
 2026-02-27 12:46 UTC  (2+ messages)
` ✗ Xe.CI.FULL: failure for platform/x86/intel/vsec: Prep for ACPI PMT discovery (rev6)

[PATCH 0/3] Arm SMMU errata updates
 2026-02-27 12:45 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH] fetch: Add GIT_CONFIG_GLOBAL to FETCH_EXPORT_VARS
 2026-02-27 12:43 UTC 

[PATCH] iio: accel: adxl380: fix FIFO watermark bit 8 always written as 0
 2026-02-27 12:43 UTC 

[PATCH] dpaa2-switch: Fix interrupt storm after receiving bad if_id in IRQ handler
 2026-02-27 12:40 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH 0/5] dma: dma-axi-dmac: Add cyclic transfer support and graceful termination
 2026-02-27 12:41 UTC  (3+ messages)

[PATCH BlueZ 1/2] Revert "shared/shell: Don't init input for non-interactive shells"
 2026-02-27 12:40 UTC  (2+ messages)
` Fix bluetoothctl no output

[PATCH v3 0/5] mm: zone lock tracepoint instrumentation
 2026-02-27 12:39 UTC  (6+ messages)
` [PATCH v3 5/5] mm: add tracepoints for zone lock

[BUG] Memory ordering between kmalloc() and kfree()? it's confusing!
 2026-02-27 12:36 UTC  (7+ messages)

[Intel-wired-lan] [tnguy-next-queue:dev-queue] BUILD SUCCESS d5fbc991435eac7a1ead7cd2ddb5a743528718bb
 2026-02-27 12:34 UTC 

[PATCH v6 0/9] Enhancements to pcie-tegra194 driver
 2026-02-27 12:36 UTC  (19+ messages)
` [PATCH v6 1/9] PCI: tegra194: Drive CLKREQ signal low explicitly
` [PATCH v6 2/9] PCI: tegra194: Calibrate P2U for endpoint mode
` [PATCH v6 3/9] PCI: tegra194: Remove IRQF_ONESHOT flag during Endpoint interrupt registration
` [PATCH v6 4/9] PCI: tegra194: Enable DMA interrupt
` [PATCH v6 5/9] PCI: tegra194: Enable hardware hot reset mode in Endpoint
` [PATCH v6 6/9] PCI: tegra194: Disable L1.2 capability of Tegra234 EP
` [PATCH v6 7/9] dt-bindings: PCI: tegra194: Add monitor clock support
` [PATCH v6 8/9] PCI: tegra194: Add core "
` [PATCH v6 9/9] PCI: tegra194: Add ASPM L1 entrance latency config

[linusw-pinctrl:devel] BUILD SUCCESS WITH UNVERIFIED WARNING a901e8705f89f3616fad3bb6aeddba33be86b08a
 2026-02-27 12:35 UTC 

[PATCH v6 00/13] Fixes to pcie-tegra194 driver
 2026-02-27 12:34 UTC  (11+ messages)
` [PATCH v6 09/13] PCI: tegra194: Allow system suspend when the Endpoint link is not up
` [PATCH v6 10/13] PCI: tegra194: Free up EP resources during remove()
` [PATCH v6 11/13] PCI: tegra194: Use HW version number
` [PATCH v6 12/13] PCI: tegra194: Fix CBB timeout caused by DBI access before core power-on
` [PATCH v6 13/13] PCI: tegra194: Free resources during controller deinitialization

[PATCH] media: dw2102: Fix null-ptr-deref in su3000_i2c_transfer()
 2026-02-27 12:25 UTC 

[OE-core] [PATCH v2] binutils: Upgrade to 2.46 release
 2026-02-27 12:34 UTC 

[PATCH 0/9] gpu: nova-core: gsp: add RM control command infrastructure
 2026-02-27 12:32 UTC  (4+ messages)
` [PATCH 2/9] gpu: nova-core: gsp: add NvStatus enum for RM control errors
` [PATCH 8/9] gpu: nova-core: gsp: add CE fault method buffer size bindings
` [PATCH 9/9] gpu: nova-core: gsp: add CeGetFaultMethodBufferSize RM control command


This is an external index of several public inboxes,
see mirroring instructions on how to clone and mirror
all data and code used by this external index.