All of lore.kernel.org
 help / color / mirror / Atom feed
 messages from 2026-05-11 13:08:38 to 2026-05-11 13:36:52 UTC [more...]

[PATCH 0/8] acpi_build: Refactor and cleanup AMD IVRS build
 2026-05-11 12:39 UTC  (4+ messages)
` [PATCH 1/8] tests/acpi: x86: Allow IVRS acpi table changes
` [PATCH 7/8] acpi_build: Cleanup AMD IOMMU IVRS building
` [PATCH 8/8] tests/acpi: x86: update golden masters for IVRS

[PATCH v1] target/riscv: Add mseccfg to VMStateDescription
 2026-05-11 12:54 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH v2 00/10] riscv: hwprobe: Expose RVA23U64 base behavior
 2026-05-12  1:34 UTC  (12+ messages)
` [PATCH v2 01/10] riscv: hwprobe.rst: Document EXT_ZICFISS
` [PATCH v2 02/10] riscv: hwprobe.rst: Replace tabs with spaces
` [PATCH v2 03/10] riscv: Standardize extension capitalization
` [PATCH v2 04/10] riscv: Add Zicclsm to cpufeature and hwprobe

[PATCH v3 0/4] More Fixes for color pipeline
 2026-05-11 13:35 UTC  (2+ messages)
` ✗ CI.checkpatch: warning for "

[bluez/bluez] 9c42e0: mesh: Remove unused but set variable
 2026-05-11 13:35 UTC 

[bluez/bluez] 4246ca: bap: set QOS state when CIS is lost while the stat
 2026-05-11 13:35 UTC 

[PATCH v3 0/4] ARM: pxa: attach software nodes to the GPIO controllers
 2026-05-11 13:35 UTC  (2+ messages)

[BlueZ v3 0/6] Add helper for "cleanup" variable attribute
 2026-05-11 13:35 UTC  (8+ messages)
` [BlueZ v3 1/6] all: Remove more unneeded MIN/MAX macro definition
` [BlueZ v3 2/6] shared/util: Add helper for "cleanup" variable attribute
` [BlueZ v3 3/6] doc: Recommend using _cleanup_ and friends
` [BlueZ v3 4/6] main: Use _cleanup_() to simplify configuration parsing
  ` [BlueZ,v3,4/6] "
` [BlueZ v3 5/6] client: Use _cleanup_fd_ to simplify urandom access
` [BlueZ v3 6/6] btattach: Use _cleanup_fd_ to simplify error paths

[PATCH v2] iomap: add dirty page control to iomap_zero_iter
 2026-05-11 13:35 UTC  (2+ messages)

Code freeze for 4.22 started on May 11, 2026
 2026-05-11 13:34 UTC  (3+ messages)

[PATCH v7 0/3] ARM: omap1: use real firmware node lookup for GPIOs on Nokia 770
 2026-05-11 13:34 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH] drm/xe/madvise: Skip invalidation for purgeable state updates
 2026-05-11 13:34 UTC  (2+ messages)
` ✓ Xe.CI.BAT: success for "

[PATCH v2 0/2] ARM: i.MX: riotboard: Add OP-TEE integration
 2026-05-11 13:32 UTC  (3+ messages)
` [PATCH v2 1/2] ARM: i.MX: riotboard: add tzasc.h to flashheader
` [PATCH v2 2/2] ARM: i.MX: riotboard: switch to imx6q_barebox_entry

[PATCH] iio: adc: ad7793: replace usleep_range() with fsleep()
 2026-05-11 13:34 UTC  (3+ messages)

[PATCH v7 0/3] mm: improve write performance with RWF_DONTCACHE
 2026-05-11 13:34 UTC  (7+ messages)
` [PATCH v7 2/3] mm: track DONTCACHE dirty pages per bdi_writeback
` [PATCH v7 3/3] mm: kick writeback flusher for IOCB_DONTCACHE with targeted dirty tracking

[PATCH] smbios: Do not fall back on devicetree without valid mapping
 2026-05-11 13:33 UTC  (3+ messages)

[PATCH v7 00/11] Add SPL support for Qualcomm platforms, starting with sdm845
 2026-05-11 13:33 UTC  (9+ messages)
` [PATCH v7 05/11] mach-snapdragon: add u-boot-spl-elf-sdm845.lds
` [PATCH v7 07/11] mach-snapdragon: Kconfig: changes / additions to support SPL
` [PATCH v7 09/11] mach-snapdragon: add board_spl.c and split out common code
` [PATCH v7 10/11] qualcomm: add defconfig, env and docs for SPL on sdm845

[PATCH] iio: trigger: iio-trig-interrupt: use devm_* helpers
 2026-05-11 13:33 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH 00/13] target/riscv: remove riscv_cpu_* arrays
 2026-05-11 13:29 UTC  (14+ messages)
` [PATCH 01/13] target/riscv/cpu.c: add xlrbr isa_edata_arr[] entry
` [PATCH 02/13] target/riscv/cpu.c: fix smctr/ssctr isa_edata_arr[] order
` [PATCH 03/13] target/riscv: make riscv-qmp-cmds use isa_data_arr[]
` [PATCH 04/13] target/riscv/tcg: treat all exts equally in cpu_disable_priv_spec_isa_exts
` [PATCH 05/13] target/riscv/tcg: use only isa_edata_arr[] in cpu_cfg_ext_get_name()
` [PATCH 06/13] target/riscv/cpu.c: remove riscv_cpu_enable_named_feat()
` [PATCH 07/13] target/riscv: remove riscv_cpu_named_features[]
` [PATCH 08/13] target/riscv/kvm: use isa_edata_arr[] for unavailable props
` [PATCH 09/13] target/riscv/tcg: use isa_edata_arr[] to enable max exts
` [PATCH 10/13] target/riscv/tcg: use cfg_offset as cpu_set_multi_ext cb opaque
` [PATCH 11/13] target/riscv: do not set defaults in cpu prop callback
` [PATCH 12/13] target/riscv/tcg: use isa_edata_arr[] to create user props
` [PATCH 13/13] target/riscv/cpu: remove riscv_cpu_* arrays

[PATCH net v3 0/3] macsec: use rcu_work to fix crypto cleanup in softirq context
 2026-05-11 13:32 UTC  (3+ messages)
` [PATCH net v3 v3 1/3] macsec: introduce dedicated workqueue for SA crypto cleanup

[PATCH 0/7] iio: light: opt3001: driver cleanup
 2026-05-11 13:32 UTC  (7+ messages)
` [PATCH 2/7] iio: light: opt3001: use macros from bits.h header
` [PATCH 7/7] iio: light: opt3001: switch driver to managed resources

[PATCH 0/4] Refactoring to support per-instance configurable max segments for dw_mmc
 2026-05-11 13:31 UTC  (3+ messages)
` [PATCH 3/4] mmc: dw_mmc: Add desc_num field for clarity

[PATCH v3 1/2] dt-bindings: interrupt-controller: econet: Add CPU interrupt mapping
 2026-05-11 13:32 UTC  (2+ messages)
` [tip: irq/drivers] "

[PATCH] fs: fix forced iversion increment on lazytime timestamp updates
 2026-05-11 13:32 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH v3 2/2] irqchip/econet-en751221: Support MIPS 34Kc VEIC mode
 2026-05-11 13:32 UTC  (2+ messages)
` [tip: irq/drivers] "

[PATCH] iio: chemical: scd30: Prevent potential divide-by-zero error
 2026-05-11 13:31 UTC  (8+ messages)

[PATCH v1 0/3] boot/fit: use fdt_for_each_subnode() in image-fit.c
 2026-05-11 13:31 UTC  (7+ messages)
` [PATCH v1 1/3] boot/fit: read default-config property from the configurations node
` [PATCH v1 2/3] test: fit: regression test for default-config print with reversed node order
` [PATCH v1 3/3] boot/fit: use fdt_for_each_subnode() in image-fit.c

[PATCH v3] iio: adc: ad7192: replace usleep_range() with fsleep()
 2026-05-11 13:28 UTC  (3+ messages)
` [PATCH v4] "

[PATCH 0/9] fs: Fix missed inode write during fsync
 2026-05-11 13:30 UTC  (5+ messages)
` [PATCH 3/9] fs: Writeout inode buffer from mmb_sync()
` [PATCH 9/9] ext4: Use mmb infrastructure for inode buffer writeout

[PATCH v1 1/1] test: fs: Use shared generate_file from utils
 2026-05-11 13:29 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH 0/8] rtc: pcf85036: improve spec coherence and extend features
 2026-05-11 13:29 UTC  (3+ messages)
` [PATCH v2 1/8] cmd: date: validate date using rtc_month_days()

[PATCH v2 1/2] drm/amdgpu/userq: use drm_exec in amdgpu_userq_fence_read_wptr
 2026-05-11 13:29 UTC  (5+ messages)
` [PATCH v2 2/2] drm/amdgpu/userq: pin mqd and fw object bo to avoid eviction

[PATCH] rpi: bcm2712: Extend DRAM mapping to 16 GiB
 2026-05-11 13:29 UTC  (3+ messages)

[PATCH v4 0/2] arm64: dts: imx8dxl: Add SolidRun SoM and HummingBoard
 2026-05-11 13:29 UTC  (4+ messages)
` [PATCH v4 2/2] "

[PATCH] HID: lenovo: Fix buffer over-read in X12 Tab raw_event handler
 2026-05-11 13:28 UTC 

[PATCH v2 0/2] media: uvcvideo: Avoid partial metadata buffers
 2026-05-11 13:29 UTC  (5+ messages)
` [PATCH v2 1/2] media: uvcvideo: Do not open code uvc_queue_get_current_buffer
` [PATCH v2 2/2] media: uvcvideo: Avoid partial metadata buffers

[PATCH] kunit: fix use-after-free in debugfs when using kunit.filter
 2026-05-11 13:28 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH v3 0/9] : pnv/phb4: Update PHB4 to the latest PHB5 spec
 2026-05-11  8:46 UTC  (6+ messages)
` [PATCH v4 0/9] "
  ` [PATCH v4 8/9] pnv/phb4: Implement IODA PCT table
  ` [PATCH v4 9/9] pnv/phb4: Mask off LSI Source-ID based on number of interrupts

[PATCH] Revert "drm/imagination: Warn or error on unsupported hardware"
 2026-05-11 13:28 UTC 

[PATCH] hw/core/sysbus: Guard sysbus_mmio_map_name() against NULL names
 2026-05-11 13:28 UTC 

[PATCH] KVM: x86: Block TSC multiplier writes for protected guest TSC
 2026-05-12 11:18 UTC 

[Intel-wired-lan] [PATCH iwl-next v1 00/15] devlink, mlx5, iavf, ice: XLVF for iavf
 2026-05-11 13:26 UTC  (5+ messages)
` [Intel-wired-lan] [PATCH iwl-next v1 01/15] devlink, mlx5: add init/fini ops for shared devlink
  `  "

[PATCH 0/3] ovmf: add some rework to the recipe
 2026-05-11 13:27 UTC  (5+ messages)
` [PATCH 1/3] ovmf: simplify PACKAGECONFIG's default value
` [PATCH 2/3] ovmf: drop gcc-12 specific BUILD_CFLAGS setting

[PATCH 0/2] Doc, scripts: facilitate phaseout of strlcat
 2026-05-11 13:27 UTC  (7+ messages)
` [PATCH 1/2] [PATCH 1/2] Doc: deprecated.rst: add strlcat()
` [PATCH 2/2] scripts: checkpatch.pl: add warning for strlcat()

[PATCH 1/3] irqchip/meson-gpio: fix incorrect register address
 2026-05-11 13:27 UTC  (3+ messages)
` [tip: irq/urgent] irqchip/meson-gpio: Use the correct register in meson_s4_gpio_irq_set_type()

[PATCH v2 0/8] media: Add iMX95 neoisp driver
 2026-05-11 13:26 UTC  (9+ messages)
` [PATCH v2 1/8] dt-bindings: media: Add nxp neoisp support
` [PATCH v2 2/8] media: v4l2-ctrls: Add user control base for NXP neoisp controls
` [PATCH v2 3/8] media: Add meta formats supported by NXP neoisp driver
` [PATCH v2 4/8] media: uapi: Add NXP NEOISP user interface header file
` [PATCH v2 5/8] media: Documentation: Add NXP neoisp driver documentation
` [PATCH v2 6/8] media: platform: Add NXP Neoisp Image Signal Processor
` [PATCH v2 7/8] media: platform: neoisp: Add debugfs support
` [PATCH v2 8/8] arm64: dts: freescale: imx95: Add NXP neoisp device tree node

[PATCH v2] irqchip/riscv-imsic: sync-up state before CPU offline
 2026-05-11 13:27 UTC  (2+ messages)
` [tip: irq/urgent] irqchip/riscv-imsic: Clear interrupt move state during CPU offlining

[PATCH] hw/arm: fsl-imx8mm: Don't call qdev_get_machine in init
 2026-05-11 11:59 UTC 

[PATCH v3 0/5] format-rev: introduce builtin for on-demand pretty formatting
 2026-05-11 13:25 UTC  (4+ messages)
` [PATCH v4 "
  ` [PATCH v4 5/5] "

[PATCH v3] target/riscv: Allow mseccfg access based on ext_zicfilp
 2026-05-11 13:25 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH] gpio: spear-spics: Add COMPILE_TEST support
 2026-05-11 13:25 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH] mm/damon/vaddr: attempt per-vma lock during page table walk
 2026-05-11 13:25 UTC 

[PATCH 1/2] drm/i915/psr: Block DC states on vblank enable when Panel Replay supported
 2026-05-11 13:25 UTC  (4+ messages)
` [PATCH 2/2] drm/i915/psr: Use DC_OFF wake reference to block DC6 on vblank enable

[PATCH 1/5] arm64: dts: renesas: r8a77960-ulcb: Enable GPU support
 2026-05-11 13:24 UTC  (3+ messages)

[PATCH] drivers/base/memory: make memory block get/put explicit
 2026-05-11 13:23 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH i-g-t] tests/kms_explicit_fence: Replace fixed sleep with vblank wait
 2026-05-11 13:23 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH] iio: frequency: adrf6780: replace usleep_range() with fsleep()
 2026-05-11 13:23 UTC  (3+ messages)

[PATCH 0/3] drm/bridge: it66121: Fix display output on DVI monitors
 2026-05-11 13:23 UTC  (5+ messages)
` [PATCH 3/3] drm/bridge: it66121: Select HDMI or DVI mode based on sink type

What's cooking in git.git (May 2026, #02)
 2026-05-11 13:22 UTC  (2+ messages)
` kh/name-rev-custom-format

[PATCH] iommu/arm-smmu-v3-sva: Enable Hardware Access and Hardware Dirty bits
 2026-05-11 13:22 UTC  (10+ messages)

[PATCH] ARM: Do not select HAVE_RUST when KASAN is enabled
 2026-05-11 13:22 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH net v2] net: phy: DP83TC811: add reading of abilities
 2026-05-11 13:21 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH RFC] iommu: Enable per-device SSID space for SVA
 2026-05-11 13:21 UTC  (5+ messages)

[PATCH v1] Bluetooth: btintel_pcie: Simplify MAC access request/release
 2026-05-11 13:39 UTC 

[PATCH 5.15.y] ipmi:ssif: Clean up kthread on errors
 2026-05-11 13:19 UTC  (11+ messages)
` [PATCH 5.15.y v3 0/4] Fix error in IPMI SSIF shutdown
  ` [PATCH 5.15.y v3 1/4] ipmi:ssif: Fix a shutdown race
  ` [PATCH 5.15.y v3 2/4] ipmi:ssif: Clean up kthread on errors
  ` [PATCH 5.15.y v3 3/4] ipmi:ssif: Remove unnecessary indention
  ` [PATCH 5.15.y v3 4/4] ipmi:ssif: NULL thread on error
` [PATCH 5.10.y v3 1/4] Fix error in IPMI SSIF shutdown
  ` [PATCH 5.10.y v3 1/4] ipmi:ssif: Fix a shutdown race
  ` [PATCH 5.10.y v3 2/4] ipmi:ssif: Clean up kthread on errors
  ` [PATCH 5.10.y v3 3/4] ipmi:ssif: Remove unnecessary indention
  ` [PATCH 5.10.y v3 4/4] ipmi:ssif: NULL thread on error

[PATCH 00/15] drm/tidss: Add BeagleY-AI display support (and some more)
 2026-05-11 13:19 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH v10 0/9] drivers/base: Introduce revocable
 2026-05-11 13:19 UTC  (11+ messages)
` [PATCH v10 1/9] revocable: Revocable resource management
` [PATCH v10 2/9] revocable: Add KUnit test cases
` [PATCH v10 7/9] gpio: Remove unused `chip` and `srcu` in struct gpio_device
` [PATCH v10 8/9] platform/chrome: Protect cros_ec_device lifecycle with revocable

[PATCH] rust_binder: use lock_vma_under_rcu() in shrinker
 2026-05-11 13:19 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH] ksmbd: fix SID memory leak in set_posix_acl_entries_dacl() on overflow
 2026-05-11 13:19 UTC 

[PATCH v6 0/6] target/riscv: Implement Smsdid and Smmpt extension
 2026-05-11 12:47 UTC  (4+ messages)
` [PATCH v6 1/6] target/riscv: Add basic definitions and CSRs for SMMPT
` [PATCH v6 2/6] target/riscv: Implement core SMMPT lookup logic
` [PATCH v6 5/6] target/riscv: Fix smrnmi isa alphabetical order

[PATCH] docs: migration-guides: Fix typo
 2026-05-11 13:17 UTC 

[PATCH] rtc: emul: Staticize and constify driver ops
 2026-05-11 13:18 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH v3] tee: fix params_from_user() error path in tee_ioctl_supp_recv
 2026-05-11 13:18 UTC  (3+ messages)
` [PATCH v4] "

[RFC v2 0/2] add kconfirm
 2026-05-11 13:18 UTC  (4+ messages)
` [RFC PATCH v2 1/2] scripts: "

[PATCH v2 0/4] drm/panthor: Fix a race in the shrinker logic
 2026-05-11 13:18 UTC  (3+ messages)
` [PATCH v2 4/4] drm/gem: Make the GEM LRU lock part of drm_device

[PATCH] ksmbd: fix SID memory leak in set_posix_acl_entries_dacl() on overflow
 2026-05-11 13:18 UTC 

[PATCH net] vsock/virtio: fix skb overhead accounting to preserve full buf_alloc
 2026-05-11 13:17 UTC  (8+ messages)

[PATCH v2 0/4] Improve FIT signature handling
 2026-05-11 13:17 UTC  (7+ messages)
` [PATCH v2 1/4] qemu: overlay signature nodes

[PATCH RESEND v8 00/10] SPMI: Implement sub-devices and migrate drivers
 2026-05-11 13:17 UTC  (3+ messages)

[PATCH 0/6] firmware: samsung: acpm: TMU support and cleanups
 2026-05-11 13:17 UTC  (5+ messages)
` [PATCH 5/6] firmware: samsung: acpm: Add TMU protocol support

[PATCH v2 0/6] xen/arm: ffa: Harden notifications and enable VM-to-VM delivery
 2026-05-11 13:16 UTC  (4+ messages)
` [PATCH v2 6/6] xen/arm: ffa: Deliver VM-to-VM notifications locally

[PATCH 00/10] mci: rockchip-dwcmshc: add HS400(ES) support
 2026-05-11 12:08 UTC  (2+ messages)
` [PATCH 09/10] mci: sdhci: rockchip: support HS400

Adding AMP (Asymmetric Multiprocessing) support for the i.MX8MP SoC in QEMU
 2026-05-11 11:53 UTC 

[PATCH] clocksource: rtl-otto: Change driver to use __raw reads and writes
 2026-05-11 13:15 UTC 

[PATCH] drm/msm: Fix shrinker deadlock
 2026-05-11 13:16 UTC  (4+ messages)

[PATCH v6] checkout: extend --track with a "fetch" mode to refresh start-point
 2026-05-11 13:16 UTC  (3+ messages)
` [PATCH v7] "

[PATCH 2/3] dt-bindings: interrupt-controller: Add support for Amlogic A9 SoCs
 2026-05-11 13:16 UTC  (2+ messages)
` [tip: irq/drivers] "

[PATCH 3/3] irqchip/meson-gpio: Add support for Amlogic A9 SoCs
 2026-05-11 13:16 UTC  (2+ messages)
` [tip: irq/drivers] "

[PATCH v3 0/4] media: uvcvideo: Map known XU controls
 2026-05-11 13:16 UTC  (5+ messages)
` [PATCH v3 3/4] media: uvcvideo: Introduce allow_privacy_override module parameter

[PATCH v2] killswitch: add per-function short-circuit mitigation primitive
 2026-05-11 13:14 UTC  (2+ messages)

[RFC PATCH v2 00/64] drivers: usb: dwc3: sync code with Linux v6.16-rc7
 2026-05-11 13:13 UTC  (4+ messages)

[PATCH] fuse: expand MAINTAINERS with subsystem info, update mailing list
 2026-05-11 13:13 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH v13 00/15] arm64/riscv: Add support for crashkernel CMA reservation
 2026-05-11 12:30 UTC  (5+ messages)
` [PATCH v13 04/15] arm64: kexec_file: Fix potential buffer overflow in prepare_elf_headers()

[PATCH] Fix possible strscpy() buffer overflows
 2026-05-11 13:13 UTC  (8+ messages)

[PATCH] target/riscv/pmp: Fix integer overflow in TOR and NA4 address computation
 2026-05-11 12:43 UTC  (3+ messages)
` [PATCH v2] "

[PATCH 0/8] iio: magnetometer: ak8975: driver cleanup
 2026-05-11 13:12 UTC  (6+ messages)
` [PATCH 3/8] iio: magnetometer: ak8975: switch to using managed resources

[PATCH] mm/page_alloc: Fix zone reserve update serialization
 2026-05-11 13:11 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH 01/11] video: bridge: anx6345: Staticize and constify driver ops
 2026-05-11 13:11 UTC  (15+ messages)
` [PATCH 03/11] video: bridge: ptn3460: "
` [PATCH 04/11] video: console: normal: "
` [PATCH 05/11] video: console: rotate: "
` [PATCH 07/11] video: dw_mipi_dsi: "
` [PATCH 08/11] video: imx: ldb: "
` [PATCH 09/11] video: stm32: "
` [PATCH 10/11] video: tda19988: "

[PATCH 1/2] scsi: sandbox: Staticize and constify driver ops
 2026-05-11 13:10 UTC  (4+ messages)
` [PATCH 2/2] scsi: bootstd: "

[PATCH v2 0/3] liveupdate: serialization safety and race fixes
 2026-05-11 13:11 UTC  (4+ messages)
` [PATCH v2 1/3] kho: skip KHO data for context-preserving kexec

[PATCH] power: regulator: Fix power on/off delay issue
 2026-05-11 13:10 UTC  (3+ messages)

[PATCHv2] irqchip: ath79: remove unused function
 2026-05-11 13:10 UTC  (2+ messages)
` [tip: irq/urgent] irqchip/ath79-cpu: Remove "

[PATCH 0/9] Implement `promisor.storeFields` and `--filter=auto`
 2026-05-11 13:10 UTC  (4+ messages)
` [PATCH v2 0/8] Auto-configure advertised remotes via URL allowlist
  ` [PATCH v2 6/8] promisor-remote: trust known remotes matching acceptFromServerUrl

[RFC] mm: restrict zero-page remapping to underused THP splits
 2026-05-11 13:10 UTC  (3+ messages)

[PATCH v2] target/ppc/kvm: Fix const violation when trimming CPU alias suffix
 2026-05-11 13:10 UTC 

[PATCH] dt-bindings: iio: chemical: sensiron,scd30: Update maintainers field
 2026-05-11 13:10 UTC  (3+ messages)

[PATCH] cgroup/cpuset: skip hardwall ancestor scan in v2 mode in cpuset_current_node_allowed()
 2026-05-11 13:09 UTC  (4+ messages)

[PATCH V3] board: rockchip: add Anbernic RG-DS
 2026-05-11 13:09 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH v2] RDMA/rtrs: Fix use-after-free in path files cleanup
 2026-05-11 13:08 UTC 


This is an external index of several public inboxes,
see mirroring instructions on how to clone and mirror
all data and code used by this external index.