All of lore.kernel.org
 help / color / mirror / Atom feed
 messages from 2026-08-26 21:21:16 to 2026-08-26 22:23:27 UTC [more...]

[PATCH v5 0/4] PM: QoS/pmdomains: support resume latencies for system-wide PM
 2026-08-26 22:23 UTC  (2+ messages)
` [PATCH v5 1/4] PM / QoS: add flag to indicate latency applies system-wide

[syzbot] [input?] [usb?] WARNING: ODEBUG bug in corsair_remove
 2026-08-26 22:22 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH v4 00/40] bsd-user: Upstream most of the remaining system calls
 2026-08-26 22:18 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH v14 00/22] TDX KVM selftests
 2026-08-26 22:17 UTC  (6+ messages)
` [PATCH v14 15/22] KVM: selftests: Call KVM_TDX_INIT_VCPU when creating a new TDX vcpu
` [PATCH v14 16/22] KVM: selftests: Load per-vCPU guest stack in TDX boot parameters

[PATCH v4 00/27] vfio/pci: Add CXL Type-2 device passthrough support
 2026-08-26 22:17 UTC  (3+ messages)
` [PATCH v4 07/27] vfio/pci: Detect CXL devices and load vfio-cxl on demand

[PATCH v11 00/46] guest_memfd: In-place conversion support
 2026-08-26 22:17 UTC  (4+ messages)
` [PATCH v11 15/46] KVM: guest_memfd: Call arch make_shared callback for to-shared conversion

[PATCH 00/16] hw/riscv: Socify Atlantis
 2026-08-26 22:11 UTC  (18+ messages)
` [PATCH 01/16] hw/riscv/aia: Take a MemoryRegion for the created devices
` [PATCH 02/16] hw/intc/riscv_aclint: "
` [PATCH 03/16] hw/intc/riscv_imsic: Take a MemoryRegion for the created device
` [PATCH 04/16] hw/intc/riscv_aplic: "
` [PATCH 05/16] hw/intc/sifive_plic: "
` [PATCH 06/16] hw/riscv/cps: Map interrupt controllers in SoC container
` [PATCH 07/16] hw/riscv/atlantis: Make UART unimp region a SoC device
` [PATCH 08/16] hw/riscv/atlantis: Remove unused fdt_size
` [PATCH 09/16] hw/riscv/atlantis: Rename hart array 'soc' to 'cpus'
  ` [PATCH 10/16] hw/riscv/atlantis: Rework device tree creation
  ` [PATCH 11/16] hw/riscv/atlantis: Use local reference for system memory
  ` [PATCH 12/16] hw/riscv/atlantis: Decouple RAM size from MachineState
  ` [PATCH 13/16] hw/riscv/atlantis: Make TTAtlantisState own memory containers
  ` [PATCH 14/16] hw/riscv: Add property to hart to allow private memory
  ` [PATCH 15/16] hw/riscv/atlantis: Extract an Atlantis SoC device
  ` [PATCH 16/16] hw/riscv/atlantis: Map the SoC through a memory container

[PATCH 0/2] accel/amdxdna: make the shared command header safe to read
 2026-08-26 22:13 UTC  (5+ messages)
` [PATCH v2 "
  ` [PATCH v2 1/2] accel/amdxdna: check the command chain payload before using it
      ` [PATCH v3] accel/amdxdna: use READ_ONCE/WRITE_ONCE on the command header

[PATCH v2] generic/798: chain xfs_io commands into a single invocation
 2026-08-26 22:13 UTC  (3+ messages)
` [PATCH v3] "

[PATCH] drm/xe/bo: Take a runtime PM ref when shrinking a bo needing invalidation
 2026-08-26 22:10 UTC  (3+ messages)

arm64: MPAM2_EL2 and MPAMHCR_EL2 are left UNKNOWN under arm64.nompam
 2026-08-26 22:08 UTC  (3+ messages)

[PATCH v3 0/2] rust: crypto: AES, CMAC, SHA-256, HMAC and RSA bindings
 2026-08-26 22:09 UTC  (3+ messages)
` [PATCH v3 1/2] rust: crypto: add AES-128, AES-CMAC, SHA-256, and HMAC bindings

[PATCH v2 0/2] KVM: VMX: Explicitly track TDX VMs' root level
 2026-08-26 22:08 UTC  (4+ messages)
` [PATCH v2 1/2] KVM: VMX: Explicitly track TDX VMs' root level instead of guessing it from CPUID
` [PATCH v2 2/2] KVM: VMX: Drop TDX_SHARED_BIT_PWL_{4,5} and dedup related code

[Buildroot] [PATCH v2 1/2] package/mesa3d: i915 Gallium driver needs llvm
 2026-08-26 22:06 UTC  (2+ messages)
` [Buildroot] [PATCH 2/2] package/mesa3d: crocus Gallium driver needs OpenCL

[PATCH 0/2] Add __counted_by_ptr attribute to struct uid_gid_map
 2026-08-26 22:05 UTC  (6+ messages)
` [PATCH 1/2] userns: "
` [PATCH v4 "
  ` [PATCH v4 2/2] userns: Add KUnit test suite for uid_gid_map

[PATCH net v2 0/2] netlink: specs: fixes for conntrack dump filtering
 2026-08-26 22:01 UTC  (3+ messages)
` [PATCH net v2 1/2] netlink: specs: fix the conntrack filter type
` [PATCH net v2 2/2] netlink: specs: add missing mask attributes for conntrack dump

[PATCH] completion: zsh: support completion after "git -C <path>"
 2026-08-26 22:04 UTC  (3+ messages)
` [PATCH v2] "

[PATCH 2/2] userns: Add KUnit test suite for uid_gid_map
 2026-08-26 22:04 UTC  (4+ messages)
` [PATCH v3 "

[PATCH net-next v5 0/5] net: pse-pd: decouple controller lookup from MDIO probe
 2026-08-26 22:03 UTC  (6+ messages)
` [PATCH net-next v5 1/5] net: pse-pd: add notifier chain for controller lifecycle events
` [PATCH net-next v5 2/5] net: pse-pd: fire lifecycle events on controller register/unregister
` [PATCH net-next v5 3/5] net: phy: own phydev->psec via PSE notifier and remove fwnode_mdio hook
` [PATCH net-next v5 4/5] net: phy: use a dedicated mutex instead of rtnl for PSE control attach
` [PATCH net-next v5 5/5] net: phy: release phydev->psec from phy_device_remove() again

[PATCH] drm/i915/cdclk: Fix dg2_power_well_count() return type
 2026-08-26 22:03 UTC  (2+ messages)
` ✗ i915.CI.Full: failure for "

[PATCH] mm/slab: reject unsupported kmalloc sizes
 2026-08-26 22:02 UTC  (6+ messages)

[PATCH 0/3] selftests: Skip SUD tests when unsupported
 2026-08-26 22:01 UTC  (7+ messages)
` [PATCH 1/3] selftests/ptrace: Skip get_set_sud if SUD is unsupported
` [PATCH 2/3] selftests/syscall_user_dispatch: Skip tests "
` [PATCH 3/3] selftests/syscall_user_dispatch: Skip benchmark "

[PATCH v3] http: add http.sslVerifyStatus to check stapled OCSP responses
 2026-08-26 22:01 UTC  (3+ messages)
` [PATCH v6] "

[PATCH v7 00/11] arm64: dts: ti: k3-am62a7-sk: Split r5f memory region
 2026-08-26 21:59 UTC  (5+ messages)
` [PATCH v7 07/11] arm64: dts: ti: k3-am62a-ti-ipc-firmware: Move wkup reserved memory

[PATCH v4 0/4] PM: QoS/pmdomains: support resume latencies for system-wide PM
 2026-08-26 21:59 UTC  (4+ messages)
` [PATCH v4 3/4] pmdomain: core: add genpd_for_each_child() helper

[PATCH] mm: workingset: judge cross-memcg refaults by generation age
 2026-08-26 21:58 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH v6 0/8] scsi: ibmvfc: make ibmvfc support FPIN messages
 2026-08-26 21:57 UTC  (5+ messages)
` [PATCH v6 7/8] scsi: ibmvfc: register and use asynchronous sub CRQ for events

+ fat-fix-fat_ent_write-for-reverting-the-value.patch added to mm-nonmm-unstable branch
 2026-08-26 21:56 UTC 

[PATCH 0/4] KVM: nSVM: Disallow bad L1 EFER for KVM_SET_NESTED_STATE
 2026-08-26 21:56 UTC  (8+ messages)
` [PATCH 1/4] KVM: nSVM: Reject KVM_SET_NESTED_STATE if L1 has EFER.LMA=1 && EFER.LME=0
` [PATCH 2/4] KVM: x86/mmu: Bug the VM if KVM attempts to walk more levels than the MMU has
` [PATCH 3/4] KVM: x86/mmu: Bug the VM if KVM calcs a CPU role with EFER.LMA=1 && CR4.PAE=0

[PATCH] mm: memcg: use ratelimited stats flush in obj_cgroup_may_zswap()
 2026-08-26 21:55 UTC  (10+ messages)

[PATCH] gitk: discourage AI contributions
 2026-08-26 21:55 UTC  (2+ messages)

[Buildroot] [PATCH] support/testing: TestMdnsd: improve test reliability
 2026-08-26 21:52 UTC  (2+ messages)

[Buildroot] [git commit] support/testing: TestMdnsd: improve test reliability
 2026-08-26 21:49 UTC 

[PATCH v10 00/21] KVM: x86: Cleaning up the KVM clock mess, part 1
 2026-08-26 21:49 UTC  (24+ messages)
` [PATCH v10 01/21] KVM: x86: Update "last guest TSC" snapshot prior to enabling IRQs/preemption
` [PATCH v10 02/21] KVM: x86: Improve accuracy of KVM clock when TSC scaling is in force
` [PATCH v10 03/21] KVM: x86: Explicitly disable TSC scaling without CONSTANT_TSC
` [PATCH v10 04/21] KVM: x86: Activate master clock immediately on vCPU creation
` [PATCH v10 05/21] KVM: x86: Compute kvmclock base without pvclock_gtod_data
` [PATCH v10 06/21] KVM: x86: Avoid NTP frequency skew for KVM clock on 32-bit host
` [PATCH v10 07/21] KVM: x86: Drop unnecessary CPU pinning when computing/getting kvmclock
` [PATCH v10 08/21] KVM: x86: Move "no master clock" fallback from __get_kvmclock() to get_kvmclock()
` [PATCH v10 09/21] KVM: x86: Wrap all of __get_kvmclock_master_clock() with CONFIG_X86_64=y
` [PATCH v10 10/21] KVM: x86: Fall back to non-master-clock if clockread fails in get_kvmclock()
` [PATCH v10 11/21] KVM: x86: Fix KVM clock precision in get_kvmclock() with TSC scaling
` [PATCH v10 12/21] KVM: x86: Use get_kvmclock() in kvm_get_wall_clock_epoch()
` [PATCH v10 13/21] KVM: x86: Fix compute_guest_tsc() to handle negative time deltas
` [PATCH v10 14/21] KVM: x86: Disable preemption, not IRQs, when getting TSC+freq pair
` [PATCH v10 15/21] KVM: x86: Make master clock logic in guest PV clock updates 64-bit only
` [PATCH v10 16/21] KVM: x86: Upscale TSC to "now", not master clock when updating PV clocks
` [PATCH v10 17/21] KVM: x86: Simplify and comment kvm_get_time_scale()
` [PATCH v10 18/21] KVM: x86: Remove implicit rdtsc() from kvm_compute_l1_tsc_offset()
` [PATCH v10 19/21] KVM: x86: Use kernel timekeeping snapshots for getting kvmclock time since boot
` [PATCH v10 20/21] KVM: x86: Use kernel timekeeping snapshot for monotonic clock
` [PATCH v10 21/21] KVM: x86: Use kernel timekeeping snapshot to get walltime+TSC

[Buildroot] [PATCH 1/1] support/testing: php: fix test by switching to "Debian" filesystem layout
 2026-08-26 21:49 UTC  (3+ messages)

[PATCH v3 00/14] hw/riscv: trivial code dup work (riscv-server-ref prep)
 2026-08-26 21:46 UTC  (15+ messages)
` [PATCH v3 01/14] hw/riscv/fdt-common: prepend helpers with "riscv_"
` [PATCH v3 02/14] hw/riscv/fdt-common, virt.c: add riscv_create_fdt_flash()
` [PATCH v3 03/14] hw/riscv/fdt-common, virt.c: add riscv_create_fdt_syscon()
` [PATCH v3 04/14] hw/riscv/fdt-common, virt.c: add riscv_create_fdt_riscv_iommu_sys()
` [PATCH v3 05/14] hw/riscv/fdt_common, virt.c: add riscv_create_fdt_pcie()
` [PATCH v3 06/14] hw/riscv/fdt_common, virt.c: add riscv_create_fdt_imsic()
` [PATCH v3 07/14] hw/riscv/fdt_common, virt.c: add riscv_create_fdt_socket_aplic()
` [PATCH v3 08/14] hw/riscv/fdt-common, virt.c: add riscv_create_fdt_socket_aclint()
` [PATCH v3 09/14] hw/riscv/fdt-common, virt.c, tt_atlantis.c: add riscv_create_fdt_uart()
` [PATCH v3 10/14] hw/riscv/fdt-common, virt.c: add riscv_create_fdt_rtc()
` [PATCH v3 11/14] hw/riscv/device-common, virt.c: add riscv_create_platform_bus()
` [PATCH v3 12/14] hw/riscv/device-common, virt.c: add flash helpers
` [PATCH v3 13/14] hw/riscv/device-common, virt.c: add riscv_gpex_pcie_init()
` [PATCH v3 14/14] hw/riscv/riscv-iommu-sys.c, virt.c: add riscv_create_iommu_sys()

[Buildroot] [git commit] support/testing: php: fix test by switching to "Debian" filesystem layout
 2026-08-26 21:47 UTC 

[PATCH] tracing/user_events: Clear copied tracing state before fork duplication
 2026-08-26 21:48 UTC  (3+ messages)

[Buildroot] [PATCH] package/flex: fix build with old host GCC since autoconf bump
 2026-08-26 21:47 UTC  (2+ messages)

[Buildroot] [git commit] package/flex: fix build with old host GCC since autoconf bump
 2026-08-26 21:44 UTC 

[PATCH v2] tracing/user_events: Clear copied tracing state before fork duplication
 2026-08-26 21:44 UTC 

[PATCH v18 00/16] rpm: 4.20.1 -> 6.0.2
 2026-08-26 21:45 UTC  (17+ messages)
` [PATCH v18 01/16] package_rpm.bbclass: Drop external dependency generator to support rpm 6
` [PATCH v18 02/16] package_rpm.bbclass: Define _lib and _libdir for rpmbuild
` [PATCH v18 03/16] lib/oe/package.py: Don't add ldconfig_postinst_fragment for glibc or musl
` [PATCH v18 04/16] lib/oe/package.py: Don't redirect stderr
` [PATCH v18 05/16] target-sdk-provides-dummy: Add pkg-config to DUMMYPROVIDES
` [PATCH v18 06/16] rpm: 4.20.1 -> 6.0.2
` [PATCH v18 07/16] libarchive: Make it work with rpm 6.0.2
` [PATCH v18 08/16] rpm: Fix pkgconfig() Provides missing in cross-built RPMs
` [PATCH v18 09/16] libarchive: Add RPM format reader to support rpm 6
` [PATCH v18 10/16] pkgconf: add /usr/bin/pkg-config to RPROVIDES
` [PATCH v18 11/16] libarchive: Disable RPM filter auto-bidding and update huge_rpm test
` [PATCH v18 12/16] package_rpm.bbclass: Suppress pkgconfig() Requires for sstate compatibility
` [PATCH v18 13/16] lib/oe/package_manager/rpm: Enable DNF filelists to resolve file deps
` [PATCH v18 14/16] package_rpm.bbclass: suppress RPM 6 fileattr dependency generators
` [PATCH v18 15/16] lib/oe/package_manager/rpm: handle RPM 6 non-zero exit on %post failure
` [PATCH v18 16/16] package_rpm.bbclass: filter pkgconfig() deps regardless of generator state

[PATCH v2] docs: cgroup: document empty-write behavior of memory limit knobs
 2026-08-26 21:45 UTC  (2+ messages)

[RESEND PATCH 0/5] platform/x86: bitland-mifs-wmi: MIFS v2 firmware support (Xiaomi Book Pro 14 2026)
 2026-08-26 21:45 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH] ASoC: dapm: Fix off-by-one check on the second enum channel
 2026-08-26 14:57 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH] ASoC: amd: acp-config: force SoundWire probe on HP OmniBook X Flip 16
 2026-08-26 14:43 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH 0/6] mm/mglru: speed up inc_min_seq() and fix cold/hot inversions
 2026-08-26 21:43 UTC  (4+ messages)
` [PATCH 3/6] mm/mglru: enhance cold/hot inversion handling in inc_min_seq()

[PATCH v9 00/18] spi: cadence-quadspi: add PHY tuning support
 2026-08-26 21:43 UTC  (4+ messages)
` [PATCH v9 08/18] "

[PATCH v4 00/11] rust: xarray: add entry API with preloading
 2026-08-26 21:43 UTC  (5+ messages)
` [PATCH v4 01/11] rust: xarray: minor formatting fixes
` [PATCH v4 02/11] rust: xarray: add debug format for `StoreError`

[PATCH] accel/amdxdna: Bound the page count of a user supplied buffer
 2026-08-26 21:43 UTC  (4+ messages)
  ` [PATCH v2] "

[PATCH] docs/cpu-models-x86: Remove a Texinfo leftover
 2026-08-26 20:54 UTC 

[PATCH] Update to a cleaner build path on macOS 27. ParavirtualizationGraphics.framework API has changed significantly
 2026-08-26 20:37 UTC 

[PATCH v4 0/3] minix: convert to iomap
 2026-08-26 21:41 UTC  (4+ messages)
` [PATCH v4 1/3] iomap: add iomap_symlink_write
` [PATCH v4 2/3] minix: add iomap functions and definitions
` [PATCH v4 3/3] minix: finish wiring in iomap functions

[PATCH] drm/i915: Fix memory leak in query_perf_config_list()
 2026-08-26 21:41 UTC  (2+ messages)

[GIT PULL] More thermal control updates for 7.3-rc1
 2026-08-26 21:40 UTC  (2+ messages)

[GIT PULL] More power management updates for 7.3-rc1
 2026-08-26 21:40 UTC  (2+ messages)

[GIT PULL] More ACPI support updates for 7.3-rc1
 2026-08-26 21:40 UTC  (2+ messages)

[Buildroot] [PATCH] package/bind: fix build with old host GCC since autoconf bump
 2026-08-26 21:40 UTC 

bitland-mifs-wmi: platform_profile write fails with "Operation not supported" on RedmiBook 15 Pro (i5-11300H)
 2026-08-26 21:40 UTC 

[f2fs-dev] [PATCH 0/5] f2fs: prepare metadata layouts for runtime block sizes
 2026-08-26 21:39 UTC  (6+ messages)
` [f2fs-dev] [PATCH 1/5] f2fs: avoid underflow when counting free NIDs
` [f2fs-dev] [PATCH 2/5] f2fs: describe SIT block layout dynamically
` [f2fs-dev] [PATCH 3/5] f2fs: describe orphan "
` [f2fs-dev] [PATCH 4/5] f2fs: describe dentry "
` [f2fs-dev] [PATCH 5/5] f2fs: describe inode node "

[PATCH 0/8] watchdog: Convert drivers to DEFINE_SIMPLE_DEV_PM_OPS()
 2026-08-26 21:38 UTC  (4+ messages)
` [PATCH 3/8] watchdog: keembay_wdt: Convert "

[PATCH 0/3] midx: honor custom bases for incremental writes
 2026-08-26 21:37 UTC  (5+ messages)
` [PATCH 3/3] midx-write: include packs above custom incremental base

[PATCH v6 00/16] Collection of fixes for Panfrost: Perfcnt, RPM, refactorings
 2026-08-26 21:37 UTC  (17+ messages)
` [PATCH v6 01/16] drm/panfrost: Move shrinker initialization and unplug one level down
` [PATCH v6 07/16] drm/panfrost: Split subsystem init/reset from interrupt enablement
` [PATCH v6 08/16] drm/panfrost: Fix PM refcnt and autosuspend issues at device probe/remove
` [PATCH v6 09/16] drm/panfrost: Add warning messages to fatal error conditions
` [PATCH v6 10/16] drm/panfrost: Add debugfs knob for manually triggering a GPU reset
` [PATCH v6 13/16] drm/panfrost: Avoid cache flush after perfcnt sample in fully coherent systems
` [PATCH v6 15/16] drm/panfrost: Fix races between perfcnt and reset sequence
` [PATCH v6 16/16] drm/panfrost: Bump driver minor to reflect new DUMP IOCTL req field

[PATCH v3 1/2] platform/x86: uniwill-laptop: Fix brightness notify for 3 level keyboards
 2026-08-26 21:37 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH] perf ftrace latency: Do not read trace files when BPF is used
 2026-08-26 21:36 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH 00/23] target/riscv: Reorg vector load/store
 2026-08-26 21:33 UTC  (6+ messages)
` [PATCH 11/23] target/riscv: Rewrite vext_ldff

[PATCH 0/3] Fix pci-hyperv interrupt code on a nested root partition
 2026-08-26 21:31 UTC  (4+ messages)
` [PATCH 2/3] PCI: hv: unmap MSI interrupt on the nested root partition teardown path
  ` [EXTERNAL] "

[PATCH v2] iio: core: Replace BUG() with WARN_ON_ONCE() and error return
 2026-08-26 21:31 UTC 

[PATCH 0/1] commit: allow -m/-F with --fixup=amend: or reword:
 2026-08-26 21:31 UTC  (4+ messages)
` [PATCH v2 0/2] commit: allow -m/-F/-c/-C for all --fixup variations
  ` [PATCH v2 2/2] commit: allow -c/-C for all kinds of --fixup

[PATCH v7 0/2] drm/xe/sysctrl: Add helper to query application status
 2026-08-26 21:31 UTC  (10+ messages)
` [PATCH v7 1/2] "
` [PATCH v7 2/2] drm/xe/sysctrl: Add helper to check oCode firmware readiness

How to correctly reserve prefetchable bridge windows for large, resizable BARs behind PCIe switches (8x GPU, PEX890xx) - seeking guidance on upstreamable approach
 2026-08-26 21:29 UTC  (2+ messages)

Fix infinite loop when draining a stuck event log
 2026-08-26 21:28 UTC  (3+ messages)
` [PATCH 1/1] cxl/events: Bound the event log drain loop

[PATCH v11] platform/x86: bitland-mifs-wmi: Add new Bitland MIFS WMI driver
 2026-08-26 21:28 UTC  (2+ messages)

[android-common:android17-6.18 6/6] kismet: WARNING: unmet direct dependencies detected for DMA_ENGINE_RAID when selected by GKI_HIDDEN_DMA_CONFIGS
 2026-08-26 21:27 UTC 

[BUG] Redmi Book Pro 16 2024 platform_profile write fails on Linux 7.1.7
 2026-08-26 21:26 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH v2 2/2] drm/xe/ras: Enable SGUnit PCIe error reporting
 2026-08-26 21:26 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH RFC net-next] net: Use fixed slots for skb extensions
 2026-08-26 21:25 UTC  (3+ messages)

+ mailmap-update-email-address-for-bradley-morgan.patch added to mm-nonmm-unstable branch
 2026-08-26 21:24 UTC 

Placement of ASUS Aura and platform/x86 ASUS files relocation
 2026-08-26 21:24 UTC  (4+ messages)

[PATCH 00/70] drm/crtc: Convert all drivers to atomic_create_state and remove reset
 2026-08-26 21:22 UTC  (5+ messages)
` [PATCH 25/70] drm/sti: Switch to drm_atomic_helper_crtc_create_state
` [PATCH 26/70] drm/stm: "

+ maintainers-mailmap-update-entries-for-thorsten-blum.patch added to mm-hotfixes-unstable branch
 2026-08-26 21:23 UTC 

[PATCH] accel/amdxdna: make the debug BO command wait interruptible
 2026-08-26 21:23 UTC  (4+ messages)
` [PATCH v2] "

[PATCH v2] video: panel-startek-kd070fhfid078: new driver
 2026-08-26 21:22 UTC 

[PATCH] power: supply: bq27xxx: synchronize work cancellation on suspend
 2026-08-26 21:22 UTC 


This is an external index of several public inboxes,
see mirroring instructions on how to clone and mirror
all data and code used by this external index.