messages from 2026-09-07 07:25:16 to 2026-09-07 08:10:45 UTC [more...]
[PATCH v2 13/15] phy: starfive: Add jh7110-inno-hdmi-phy driver
2026-09-07 8:10 UTC (12+ messages)
[PATCH v5 00/21] Introduce resume for J7xx SoCs
2026-09-07 8:09 UTC (5+ messages)
` [PATCH v5 08/21] board: mach-k3: r5: common: enable GTC after core_resume
` [PATCH v5 09/21] board: evm: Enable de-isolation of IOs at resume for j7200 and j784s4
misc block PI / bounce buffering fixes
2026-09-07 8:09 UTC (5+ messages)
` [PATCH 1/3] block: avoid integer overflows in max_integrity_io_size
` [PATCH 2/3] block: cap atomic write size by PI buffer size constraints
` [PATCH 3/3] block: improve aligning down bios in bio_iov_iter_bounce_write
[PATCH v2 0/3] Enable QoS configuration on X1E80100
2026-09-07 8:09 UTC (4+ messages)
` [PATCH v2 2/3] interconnect: qcom: x1e80100: enable QoS configuration
[PATCH i-g-t 0/4] igt: rename pipe to hardware_pipe
2026-09-07 8:09 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH] fsnotify: fix typo "anonynous" in comment
2026-09-07 8:09 UTC (2+ messages)
Subject: [RFC] docs/zh_TW: defining a maintainable scope for the Traditional Chinese translation
2026-09-07 8:08 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH v1] hwmon: (lm75) Add support for Nuvoton NCT7715
2026-09-07 8:08 UTC
[PATCH v2 0/3] remoteproc: Hawi CDSP support with per-PD proxy performance states
2026-09-07 8:08 UTC (3+ messages)
` [PATCH v2 2/3] dt-bindings: remoteproc: qcom,sm8550-pas: make qcom,hawi-cdsp-pas standalone
[Bug 221959] New: ttm_lru_bulk_move_tail cause CPU stuck
2026-09-07 8:08 UTC (2+ messages)
` [Bug 221959] "
[PATCH] sched/fair: Only apply cpufreq pressure where frequency is invariant
2026-09-07 8:07 UTC (9+ messages)
[PATCH RFC v3 00/21] mm: change behavior of pXdp_get()/pXd_page() in compile-time folded pgtable
2026-09-07 8:06 UTC (6+ messages)
` [PATCH RFC v3 13/21] x86: mm: use pgtable_level enum in effective_prot_pXd()
[PATCH v3] drm/i915/display: Limit SEL_FETCH clear to supported pipes
2026-09-07 8:06 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH] ALSA: aoa: orphan the drivers
2026-09-07 8:06 UTC
[PATCH net-next v3] net: sched: act_gact: use acquire/release for tcfg_ptype
2026-09-07 8:05 UTC (3+ messages)
[PATCH] pwm: fix typos in comments
2026-09-07 8:05 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH v6 0/2] Add no-hpd property to the cadence bridge
2026-09-07 8:04 UTC (4+ messages)
` [PATCH v6 2/2] drm: bridge: cdns-mhdp8546: Add no-hpd property
[PATCH v2] xfs: bound logged region access in inode buffer recovery
2026-09-07 8:04 UTC
[PATCH 00/12] mm/collapse: separate a collapse from its callers
2026-09-07 8:04 UTC (9+ messages)
` [PATCH 01/12] mm/khugepaged: drop redundant mm_struct pin in madvise_collapse()
` [PATCH 02/12] mm/khugepaged: count collapses where khugepaged makes them
` [PATCH 03/12] mm/khugepaged: rename mthp_present_ptes bitmap to eligible_ptes
` [PATCH 04/12] mm/collapse: add collapse.h for the collapse interface
[PATCH] pinctrl: qcom: ipq5210: Publish the OF module alias
2026-09-07 8:04 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH v2] hwmon: (pmbus/ltc4286) Add writable shunt_resistor sysfs attribute
2026-09-07 8:03 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH net v1] vsock: validate buffer min/max size in setsockopt
2026-09-07 8:03 UTC (4+ messages)
[PATCH 00/14] address half the remaining Misra rule 11.8 violations
2026-09-07 8:02 UTC (5+ messages)
` [PATCH 04/14] x86/boot: don't cast away const-ness
` [PATCH 05/14] x86/altcall: hide casting away of const
[PATCH 0/4] clk: qcom: glymur: Add rpmh LNBB clks support and update UFS clk ops
2026-09-07 8:02 UTC (7+ messages)
` [PATCH 1/4] dt-bindings: clock: qcom: Add TCSR_UFS_CLKREF_EN definition
` [PATCH 3/4] clk: qcom: gcc-glymur: Use clk_regmap_phy_mux_ops for GCC UFS muxes
` [PATCH 4/4] clk: qcom: gcc-glymur: use shared ops for GCC UFS RCGs
[PATCH] xfs_io: cleanup headers
2026-09-07 8:01 UTC
[PATCH] bfs: remove the filesystem
2026-09-07 8:00 UTC (4+ messages)
[PATCH] thermal: gov_power_allocator: Use common error handling code in power_allocator_bind()
2026-09-07 8:00 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH v2] ata: libahci: clear PxCLBU and PxFBU for AHCI_HFLAG_32BIT_ONLY
2026-09-07 8:00 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH v2 1/2] dt-bindings: iio: adc: ti,ads1015: Add label property
2026-09-07 7:59 UTC (5+ messages)
[PATCH] drm/i915/quirks: Limit eDP rate to HBR2 on HP Pavilion Plus 14-ew1
2026-09-07 7:59 UTC (2+ messages)
` ✗ i915.CI.Full: failure for "
[syzbot] [usb?] general protection fault in vhci_hcd_probe
2026-09-07 7:59 UTC (6+ messages)
[PATCH 00/13] srcu: Round out atomic SRCU support
2026-09-07 7:58 UTC (14+ messages)
` [PATCH 01/13] litmus: Add SRCU fastpath anchor-before-scan test
` [PATCH 02/13] litmus: Add SRCU fastpath scan-before-anchor test
` [PATCH 03/13] srcutree: Add reader-free fastpath to synchronize_srcu_atomic()
` [PATCH 04/13] rcutorture: Add atomic-SRCU support to torture.sh
` [PATCH 05/13] srcutree: Honor is_atomic in check_init_srcu_struct()
` [PATCH 06/13] srcutree: Make init_srcu_struct_atomic() prevent transition to big
` [PATCH 07/13] srcutree: Don't transition atomic SRCU to big in srcu_gp_end()
` [PATCH 08/13] srcutree: Forbid srcu_expedite_current() on atomic SRCU
` [PATCH 09/13] rcutorture: Disable srcu_expedite_current() for "
` [PATCH 10/13] srcutree: Skip callback scheduling for atomic SRCU grace periods
` [PATCH 11/13] srcutree: Remove srcu_barrier() sleep for atomic SRCU
` [PATCH 12/13] srcutree: Remove debug pr_alert()s
` [PATCH 13/13] srcu: Restrict atomic-SRCU non_block annotation to task context
[PATCH] hw/nvme: fix firmware boot path when nvme-ns has a bootindex
2026-09-07 7:58 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH v2 1/2] dt-bindings: iio: adc: ti,ads1015: Add label property
2026-09-07 7:59 UTC (2+ messages)
add tests for file system on devices using protection information v4
2026-09-07 7:58 UTC (7+ messages)
` [PATCH 1/6] common/scsi_debug: don't slow down I/O
` [PATCH 2/6] common: factor out a _bdev_disk_name helper
` [PATCH 3/6] common: add a _sysfs_block_integrity_path helper
` [PATCH 4/6] add a "pi" group
` [PATCH 5/6] generic: test I/O on devices with T10 protection information
` [PATCH 6/6] generic: test corruption detection using "
[PATCH net-next 0/9] sit: convert configuration to RCU and lockless fill_info
2026-09-07 7:58 UTC (10+ messages)
` [PATCH net-next 1/9] sit: fix UAF in ipip6_tunnel_del_prl()
` [PATCH net-next 2/9] sit: charge ip_tunnel_prl_entry allocations to memcg
` [PATCH net-next 3/9] ip_tunnel: use WRITE_ONCE in ip_tunnel_encap_setup
` [PATCH net-next 4/9] sit: annotate data-races around tunnel->fwmark
` [PATCH net-next 5/9] sit: convert 6RD configuration to RCU protection
` [PATCH net-next 6/9] sit: implement ipip6_get_iflink()
` [PATCH net-next 7/9] sit: dynamically allocate struct ip_tunnel_parm_kern
` [PATCH net-next 8/9] sit: convert configuration to RCU protection
` [PATCH net-next 9/9] sit: no longer rely on RTNL in ipip6_fill_info()
[PATCH v11 net-next] octeontx2-pf: add mqprio bandwidth offload for NIX TX schedulers
2026-09-07 7:58 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH] net: wwan: mhi_wwan_mbim: validate datagram bounds before copy
2026-09-07 7:57 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH] ALSA: usb-audio: add Pioneer DJ DDJ-SZ support
2026-09-07 7:56 UTC (5+ messages)
[PATCH 0/1] [PATCH] device-types/blk/description.tex: Allow longer device IDs to be returned
2026-09-07 7:56 UTC (6+ messages)
` [PATCH 1/1] "
[PATCH v2] pinctrl: qcom: nord: Split QUP1 SE2/SE3 into lane-pair functions
2026-09-07 7:56 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH mptcp-next 0/2] selftests: mptcp: convert iptables to nftables
2026-09-07 7:55 UTC (11+ messages)
` [PATCH mptcp-next 2/2] selftests: mptcp: convert iptables to nftables for mptcp_join.sh
[PATCH v3 0/4] tdx-guest: Make Quote buffer size dynamic
2026-09-07 7:55 UTC (5+ messages)
` [PATCH v3 3/4] virt: tdx-guest: Use a variable to store the Quote buffer size
[syzbot] bpf-next build error (8)
2026-09-07 7:55 UTC
[sailus-media-tree:ipu6] BUILD SUCCESS 6f6d9729301fbf8fadff3c1822cdd730ef6cd213
2026-09-07 6:42 UTC
[linux-nvme:nvme-7.3] BUILD SUCCESS fd9beb8870736e1c6a0b2351d88a161aaeb2b326
2026-09-07 6:43 UTC
[PATCH] tools/testing/vma: cover hole filling through __mmap_region()
2026-09-07 7:53 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH v2 0/5] Introduce xe_wedge
2026-09-07 7:53 UTC (4+ messages)
` [PATCH v2 4/5] drm/xe/debugfs: Consolidate wedged_mode debt into xe_wedge
[PATCH 1/2] dt-bindings: gpio: renesas,rcar-gpio: Document R-Car X5H (R8A78000) support
2026-09-07 7:53 UTC (5+ messages)
` [PATCH 2/2] gpio: rcar: Add "
[PATCH 0/2] migration/rdma: send small control messages inline
2026-09-07 7:52 UTC (4+ messages)
` [PATCH 1/2] "
[PATCH] media: synopsys: hdmirx: Remove redundant dev_err_probe()
2026-09-07 7:52 UTC
[PATCH] net: usb: asix: fix off-by-one in rx_fixup bounds check
2026-09-07 7:52 UTC
[PATCH] thermal: gov_power_allocator: Fix NULL pointer dereference in update_tz()
2026-09-07 7:51 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH v2 0/7] block device fixes for large block sizes, IOCB_NOWAIT, and direct I/O
2026-09-07 7:49 UTC (3+ messages)
` [PATCH v2 5/7] block: fail atomic writes instead of falling back to buffered I/O
[PATCH v2 00/13] odb: stop registering in-memory sources
2026-09-07 7:50 UTC (7+ messages)
` [PATCH v2 02/13] cache-tree: remove dependency on `the_repository`
` [PATCH v2 05/13] submodule-config: stop registering submodule sources
[PATCH v2] serial: 8250_dw: Prefer SRBR in bogus RX timeout workaround if available
2026-09-07 7:49 UTC (2+ messages)
[meta-oe][wrynose][PATCH 1/4] thrift: fix CVE-2026-41608
2026-09-07 7:42 UTC (4+ messages)
` [meta-oe][wrynose][PATCH 2/4] thrift: fix CVE-2026-45112
` [meta-oe][wrynose][PATCH 3/4] thrift: fix CVE-2026-55969
` [meta-oe][wrynose][PATCH 4/4] thrift: fix CVE-2026-55970
[PATCH net-next v9 0/4] net: dsa: microchip: Add support for KSZ8995XA/KS8995XA
2026-09-07 7:48 UTC (3+ messages)
` [PATCH net-next v9 3/4] net: dsa: microchip: Support Microchip KSZ8995XA / KS8995XA
[PATCH v2 0/3] ASoC: qcom: enable audio on stage-2 protected DSPs (mDSP)
2026-09-07 7:48 UTC (6+ messages)
` [PATCH v2 1/3] dt-bindings: sound: qcom,q6apm-dai: add stage-2 (SCM/VMID) access model
[PATCH net-next v2 0/5] net: stmmac: Add common RGMII delay handling and DP1000 support
2026-09-07 7:46 UTC (6+ messages)
` [PATCH net-next v2 1/5] net: stmmac: Add common internal RGMII delay handling
` [PATCH net-next v2 2/5] net: stmmac: sophgo: Use common "
` [PATCH net-next v2 3/5] net: stmmac: eic7700: "
` [PATCH net-next v2 4/5] dt-bindings: net: Add UltraRISC DP1000 GMAC
` [PATCH net-next v2 5/5] net: stmmac: Add UltraRISC DP1000 GMAC support
[PATCH v3] drm/xe: Guard page-fault worker with runtime PM check
2026-09-07 7:47 UTC (2+ messages)
` ✗ Xe.CI.FULL: failure for "
[PATCH v5 00/25] mtd: spi-nor: QE handling cleanup + fixup reworks + Winbond RV chips addition
2026-09-07 7:46 UTC (3+ messages)
[PATCH v6 00/26] mtd: spi-nor: Clean Winbond W25QxxJV family
2026-09-07 7:46 UTC (2+ messages)
USB-audio isochronous Missed Service Errors on AMD Zen5 client (Fire Range) -- Data Fabric idle C-state? No OS-level knob found
2026-09-07 7:45 UTC (3+ messages)
[RESEND PATCH] thermal: of: Match trip property helper types
2026-09-07 7:45 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH v2 0/2] media: i2c: Add driver for Mira016
2026-09-07 7:45 UTC (4+ messages)
` [PATCH v2 2/2] media: i2c: mira016: "
[PATCH 0/2] hw/nvme: sr-iov hotunplug fixes (assertion failure, memory leak)
2026-09-07 7:44 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH v16 00/45] arm64: Support for Arm CCA in KVM
2026-09-07 7:44 UTC (5+ messages)
` [PATCH v16 22/45] KVM: arm64: CCA: Handle RMI_EXIT_RIPAS_CHANGE
[PATCH] riscv: dts: spacemit: k3: Drop guest properties from M-level IMSIC
2026-09-07 7:44 UTC (3+ messages)
[PATCH v2 0/3] mm: minor janitorial style cleanups
2026-09-07 7:43 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH 1/5] drm/amdgpu: Delete SI/CIK/VI IH soft_reset() code
2026-09-07 7:43 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH v2] USB: sisusbvga: avoid prolonged initialization on failure
2026-09-07 7:43 UTC
[PATCH v5] clk: spacemit: k3: add CPU PLL rate tables
2026-09-07 7:43 UTC (3+ messages)
[PATCH v3] dt-bindings: hwmon: ti,tmp401: add #thermal-sensor-cells
2026-09-07 7:43 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH] interconnect: fix typo "commited" in comments
2026-09-07 7:42 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH 1/2] drm/msm: fix typos in comments
2026-09-07 7:42 UTC (4+ messages)
` [PATCH 2/2] drm: fix repeated words "
[PATCH net v3] bonding: fix slave_cnt leak on XDP error paths
2026-09-07 7:41 UTC (2+ messages)
[scarthgap][PATCH] perl: fix for CVE-2026-42496
2026-09-07 7:41 UTC
[PATCH net v2 1/2] tcp: diag: bound bucket lock hold in tcp_diag_dump()
2026-09-07 7:41 UTC (6+ messages)
[PATCH] rerere: keep a background gc from killing a rebase
2026-09-07 7:41 UTC (3+ messages)
` [PATCH v3] "
[PATCH 1/7] dt-bindings: leds: pca995x: describe reset-gpios property
2026-09-07 7:41 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH v3 0/2] hw/nvme: support online resize
2026-09-07 7:39 UTC (4+ messages)
[PATCH] docs: dma-api: require checking DMA mask setup errors
2026-09-07 7:34 UTC (3+ messages)
` "
[PATCH v5 0/3] Enable mutliple peripherals in IPQ5210
2026-09-07 7:39 UTC (5+ messages)
` [PATCH v5 1/3] arm64: dts: qcom: ipq5210: Add nodes for multiple peripherals
` [PATCH v5 3/3] arm64: dts: qcom: ipq5210: Introduce RDP504 NAND variant DT file
[PATCH v3] dt-bindings: phy: qcom,sc8280xp-qmp-pcie-phy: Add Maili PCIe PHY compatibles
2026-09-07 7:39 UTC (3+ messages)
[PATCH nf-next v2 0/6] net: netfilter: preliminary support for IPv4 over IPv6 and SIT flowtable offload
2026-09-07 7:33 UTC (7+ messages)
` [PATCH nf-next v2 1/6] net: netfilter: nf_flow_table: recognize IPv4/IPv6 in tunnel proto matching
` [PATCH nf-next v2 2/6] net: netfilter: nf_flow_table: set inner protocol when popping tunnel header
` [PATCH nf-next v2 3/6] net: netfilter: nf_flow_table: populate tunnel tuple regardless of inner protocol
` [PATCH nf-next v2 4/6] net: netfilter: add encap_proto to flow_offload_tunnel
` [PATCH nf-next v2 5/6] net: netfilter: nf_flow_table: refactor MTU check for tunnel offload
` [PATCH nf-next v2 6/6] net: netfilter: nf_flow_table: unify tunnel push for IPv4 and IPv6
[PATCH] wifi: mm81x: validate n_channels in disabled channels response
2026-09-07 7:39 UTC (4+ messages)
` [PATCH v2] "
[git pull] drm fixes for 7.3-rc2
2026-09-07 7:38 UTC (3+ messages)
[PATCH] ALSA: usb-audio: Add quirk flags for Behringer UV1
2026-09-07 7:38 UTC (3+ messages)
` [PATCH v2] "
[PATCH v4] usb: dwc3: gadget: fix IRQ storm on invalid event buffer count
2026-09-07 7:37 UTC
[PATCH v3 0/4] serial: fix ioctl hangup race
2026-09-07 7:37 UTC (5+ messages)
` [PATCH v3 1/4] serial: revert guards in uart_wait_modem_status()
[PATCH net-next 0/3] net: stmmac: Add UltraRISC DP1000 GMAC support
2026-09-07 7:36 UTC (10+ messages)
` [PATCH net-next 3/3] "
[PATCH V2] dt-bindings: phy: qcom,sc8280xp-qmp-ufs-phy: Add QMP UFS PHY compatible for Maili
2026-09-07 7:36 UTC (3+ messages)
[f2fs-dev] [PATCH 06/14] f2fs: prepare mmap write faults for large folios
2026-09-07 7:34 UTC (2+ messages)
fix cache flushes for the RT device
2026-09-07 7:33 UTC (4+ messages)
` [PATCH 1/3] xfs: also flush the RT device cache in xlog_write_iclog
` [PATCH 2/3] xfs: don't continue on error in xfs_fsync
` [PATCH 3/3] xfs: avoid extra cache flushes for multi-device file systems "
[PATCH] tests/intel/xe_exec_reset: fix mixed-engine reset stress to use actual GT engines
2026-09-07 7:32 UTC (2+ messages)
` ✓ i915.CI.BAT: success for "
[PATCH] net: usb: net1080: fix out-of-bounds access in rx_fixup()
2026-09-07 7:31 UTC
[PATCH] staging: rtl8723bs: remove unneeded else after return in enqueue_reorder_recvframe()
2026-09-07 7:31 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH v2] xfs: fix array bounds checking in log recovery
2026-09-07 7:31 UTC
[PATCH] drm/msm/adreno: Fix the skip_gpu parameter description
2026-09-07 7:30 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH 1/1] dt-bindings: hwmon: tmp102: move ti,tmp103 to enum from items
2026-09-07 7:31 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH] drm/msm: Fix the separate_gpu_kms parameter description
2026-09-07 7:30 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH] NFSD: return NFS4ERR_EXIST for a guarded OPEN of a non-regular object
2026-09-07 7:30 UTC
[PATCH net v2 0/1] udp: diag: bound bucket lock hold time
2026-09-07 7:30 UTC (4+ messages)
` [PATCH net v2 1/1] "
[PATCH v1] iommu/vsi: Fix use-after-free during module unload
2026-09-07 7:30 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH v4] mm/page_alloc: avoid direct compaction for costly __GFP_NORETRY allocations
2026-09-07 7:30 UTC (4+ messages)
[LTP] [PATCH v11 1/2] lib: Extend tst_assert_ulong() with enum flags
2026-09-07 7:29 UTC (3+ messages)
[PATCH] iio: light: isl29028: fix runtime PM reference leak on error paths
2026-09-07 7:29 UTC (5+ messages)
[PATCH v2 00/16] KVM: arm64: Confine protected VM vCPU state to EL2
2026-09-07 7:29 UTC (5+ messages)
` [PATCH v2 12/17] KVM: arm64: Add per-EC entry/exit state marshalling for protected guests
` [PATCH v2 15/17] KVM: arm64: Reject host power-on of a vCPU that EL2 holds powered off
[PATCH net] selftests/drivers/net: include lib/sh/*.sh
2026-09-07 7:28 UTC
[PATCH v3] drm/panthor: Display priorities of panthor groups over debugfs
2026-09-07 7:28 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH v3 00/16] hw/riscv: Socify Atlantis
2026-09-07 7:27 UTC (4+ messages)
` [PATCH v3 14/16] hw/riscv: Add property to hart array to allow private memory
[PATCH] xfs: set IOMAP_F_INTEGRITY for zoned writes on integrity devices
2026-09-07 7:27 UTC
[PATCH] docs/core-api: memory-allocation: clarify when to use kzalloc_obj and kzalloc
2026-09-07 7:27 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH] dmaengine: zynqmp_dma: drop redundant label
2026-09-07 7:26 UTC (4+ messages)
[PATCH V2 0/3] mm: page_alloc: fixes for early oom kills
2026-09-07 7:26 UTC (10+ messages)
` [PATCH V3 3/3] mm: page_alloc: drain pcp lists before oom kill
[PATCH v2 1/6] dt-bindings: vendor-prefixes: add Axera
2026-09-07 7:25 UTC (3+ messages)
[PATCH v8 0/2] i2c: Add dynamic transfer timeout based on message length and frequency
2026-09-07 7:24 UTC (3+ messages)
` [PATCH v8 2/2] i2c: qcom-geni: Add dynamic transfer timeout based on transfer "
[PATCH v3 0/4] KVM: guest_memfd: fix NUMA selftests
2026-09-07 7:25 UTC (5+ messages)
` [PATCH v3 1/4] KVM: selftests: Prepare guest_memfd_test for arbitrary NUMA nodes
` [PATCH v3 2/4] KVM: selftests: Use an allowed memory node in test_mbind()
` [PATCH v3 3/4] KVM: selftests: Use allowed memory nodes in test_numa_allocation()
` [PATCH v3 4/4] KVM: selftests: Drop unused sysfs NUMA helpers
[PATCH] net: usb: catc: fix out-of-bounds read in catc_rx_done()
2026-09-07 7:25 UTC
page: next (older) | prev (newer) | latest
- recent:[subjects (threaded)|topics (new)|topics (active)]
This is an external index of several public inboxes,
see mirroring instructions on how to clone and mirror
all data and code used by this external index.