messages from 2026-09-21 09:13:24 to 2026-09-21 09:41:19 UTC [more...]
[PATCH v5] ASoC: tas2783-sdw: add firmware download status check
2026-09-21 9:27 UTC (4+ messages)
` [EXTERNAL] "
[PATCH v4 00/15] sched: introduce for_each_process_rculock and for_each_thread_rculock
2026-09-21 9:41 UTC (17+ messages)
` [PATCH v4 01/15] "
` [PATCH v4 02/15] mm/oom_kill: convert process/thread iterators to for_each_*_rculock
` [PATCH v4 03/15] mm/ksm: convert process iterator to for_each_process_rculock
` [PATCH v4 04/15] mm/memory-failure: "
` [PATCH v4 05/15] cpu/hotplug: "
` [PATCH v4 06/15] freezer: convert thread iterator to for_each_thread_rculock
` [PATCH v4 07/15] hung_task: convert process/thread iterators to for_each_*_rculock
` [PATCH v4 08/15] locking/lockdep: "
` [PATCH v4 09/15] rcu: convert process/thread iterator to for_each_process_thread_rculock
` [PATCH v4 10/15] sched: convert process/thread iterators to for_each_*_rculock
` [PATCH v4 11/15] tracing/fgraph: convert process/thread iterator to for_each_process_thread_rculock
` [PATCH v4 12/15] unwind: "
` [PATCH v4 13/15] fs: convert process/thread iterators to for_each_*_rculock
` [PATCH v4 14/15] lib: convert process iterator to for_each_process_rculock
` [PATCH v4 15/15] security/landlock: convert thread iterator to for_each_thread_rculock
[PATCH 07/11] drm/i915/hdcp: switch to drm_dp_dpcd_{read_byte, read_data, write_data}()
2026-09-21 9:41 UTC (2+ messages)
` [PATCH v2] "
[PATCH net] ptp: ocp: prevent watchdog rearming during detach
2026-09-21 9:40 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH net-next] netlink: remove dev_hold() and dev_put() in __netlink_deliver_tap_skb()
2026-09-21 9:39 UTC
[PATCH v9 00/12] KVM: x86/pmu: Add hardware Topdown metrics support
2026-09-21 9:39 UTC (4+ messages)
` [PATCH v9 12/12] KVM: x86/pmu: Support RDPMC Metrics Clear Mode
[PATCH] pinctrl: qcom: tlmm-test: Add const to reg_names allocation type
2026-09-21 9:39 UTC (2+ messages)
[RFC PATCH 0/4] spi: cadence-xspi: add ACMD PIO support for NAND and NOR
2026-09-21 9:37 UTC (5+ messages)
` [RFC PATCH 1/4] dt-bindings: spi: cdns,xspi: add SPI NAND compatible
` [RFC PATCH 2/4] spi: cadence-xspi: add ACMD support for SPI NAND
` [RFC PATCH 3/4] spi: cadence-xspi: factor out reusable ACMD helpers
` [RFC PATCH 4/4] spi: cadence-xspi: add ACMD support for SPI NOR
[PATCH v2 0/3] pwm: tegra: Cleanups and .get_state()
2026-09-21 9:38 UTC (3+ messages)
` [PATCH v2 1/3] pwm: tegra: Make use of dev_err_probe()
[pseudo] [PATCH v3 0/6] Add open_tree() wrapper
2026-09-21 9:38 UTC (6+ messages)
` [pseudo] [PATCH v3 1/6] ports/linux/guts: Add open_tree wrapper
` [pseudo] [PATCH v3 2/6] test: Add open_tree test
[PATCH] media: i2c: ov13858: add horizontal and vertical flip controls
2026-09-21 9:38 UTC (3+ messages)
[PATCH] scripts: genenv: make the temporary directory writable
2026-09-21 9:36 UTC
[RFC 0/7] prepare deprecation of rte_atomicNN_*() family
2026-09-21 9:37 UTC (4+ messages)
` [PATCH v8 00/25] remove legacy atomic functions
` [PATCH v8 16/25] bus/vmbus: convert from rte_atomic to stdatomic
` [EXTERNAL] "
[PATCH 6.12 0766/1376] arm64: dts: qcom: sc8180x: Fix the PCIe iommu-map entries
2026-09-21 9:37 UTC (4+ messages)
[PATCH net] sctp: don't re-register a removed transport as last_data_from
2026-09-21 9:37 UTC (2+ messages)
` [PATCH net v2] sctp: discard the rest of the packet on a stale-cookie error
[PATCH v4] mm/page_alloc: avoid direct compaction for costly __GFP_NORETRY allocations
2026-09-21 9:35 UTC (9+ messages)
[GIT PULL] power sequencing dependencies for v7.4-rc1
2026-09-21 9:35 UTC
[PATCH net-next v8 6/6] net: dsa: motorcomm: Add support for Motorcomm YT922x
2026-09-21 9:35 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH net-next v8 5/6] net: dsa: tag_yt922x: add support for Motorcomm YT922x tags
2026-09-21 9:35 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH net-next v8 4/6] net: dsa: motorcomm: move mib stop from remove() to teardown()
2026-09-21 9:35 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH net-next v8 3/6] net: dsa: motorcomm: move mib start from probe() to dsa_setup()
2026-09-21 9:35 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH net-next v8 2/6] net: dsa: motorcomm: use max_ports in series for port bounds checking
2026-09-21 9:35 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH net-next v8 1/6] net: dsa: motorcomm: initialize dsa_switch based on chipid
2026-09-21 9:35 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH net-next] net: usb: qmi_wwan: add Quectel EG120K-EA
2026-09-21 9:34 UTC
[PATCH] pinctrl: qcom: ipq5018: add missing pwm3 function on gpio13
2026-09-21 9:34 UTC
[PATCH 0/4] mm: Reduce struct page overhead for FS-DAX pmem
2026-09-21 9:33 UTC (4+ messages)
` [PATCH 3/4] mm: add shared read-only vmemmap support for FS-DAX
[PATCH v2 0/4] Refresh TTM LRU on SVM prefetch
2026-09-21 9:36 UTC (5+ messages)
` [PATCH v2 1/4] drm/pagemap: Add helper to access backing devmem allocation
` [PATCH v2 2/4] drm/gpusvm: Add devmem callback to get_pages
` [PATCH v2 3/4] drm/xe: Bump prefetch BO LRU via GPUSVM devmem callback
` [PATCH v2 4/4] drm/xe: Bump prefetch BO LRU for already-valid ranges
[PATCH] usb: typec: ucsi: Get the connector fwnode based on reg value
2026-09-21 9:33 UTC (3+ messages)
[LTP] [PATCH 1/1] tst_test: Fix test regression on -i
2026-09-21 9:33 UTC (3+ messages)
[PATCH 0/2] platform: Enable ACPI WMI and ASUS WMI driver for ARM64
2026-09-21 9:33 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH v6 00/11] arm64: dts: monaco-arduino-monza: Add support for LGA WiFi/BT module
2026-09-21 9:33 UTC (2+ messages)
` (subset) "
[master/wrynose][PATCH v2 0/4] Add PipeWire audio stack
2026-09-21 9:33 UTC (5+ messages)
` [master/wrynose][PATCH v2 2/4] recipes-multimedia: Add PipeWire bbappend, service and config files
` [meta-arago] "
[PATCH] drm/omap: dsi: print errors with device prefix
2026-09-21 9:33 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH v2 0/4] leds: trigger: netdev: fix sysfs_update_group() races
2026-09-21 9:32 UTC (5+ messages)
` [PATCH v2 1/4] leds: trigger: netdev: Put netdev on activate error path
` [PATCH v2 2/4] leds: trigger: netdev: Access net_dev under trigger_data->lock in the worker
` [PATCH v2 3/4] leds: trigger: netdev: Fix sysfs_update_group() races
` [PATCH v2 4/4] leds: trigger: netdev: Serialize mode/interval stores with trigger lock
[PATCH v18 0/7] firmware: arm_rmm: Add RMM v2.0 base RMI support
2026-09-21 9:32 UTC (12+ messages)
` [PATCH v18 1/7] firmware: arm_rmm: Add SMC definitions for calling the RMM
` [PATCH v18 3/7] firmware: arm_rmm: Configure the RMM with the host's page size
` [PATCH v18 6/7] firmware: arm_rmm: Ensure the RMM has GPT entries for memory
[PATCH v5 0/8] xfs write streams
2026-09-21 9:31 UTC (9+ messages)
` [PATCH v5 1/8] fs: add write-stream management ioctls
` [PATCH v5 2/8] fs: add generic write-stream management
` [PATCH v5 3/8] fs: add i_write_stream, exclusive with the write life time hint
` [PATCH v5 4/8] xfs: implement software write-stream management
` [PATCH v5 5/8] xfs: write stream based AG placement
` [PATCH v5 6/8] xfs: support write streams on realtime volumes
` [PATCH v5 7/8] iomap: introduce and propagate write_stream
` [PATCH v5 8/8] xfs: support hardware write streams
[PATCH v3] mm/gup: honour FOLL_PIN in NOMMU __get_user_pages_locked()
2026-09-21 9:32 UTC (3+ messages)
[PATCH 1/1] test/bpf: remove redundant library guard
2026-09-21 9:32 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH v7 0/6] intel_iommu: Enable PRQ support for passthrough device
2026-09-21 9:31 UTC (4+ messages)
` [PATCH v7 6/6] intel_iommu_accel: teardown FAULTQ resources in bottom half
[PATCH] irqchip/gic: Fix UBSAN shift-out-of-bounds in GIC helpers
2026-09-21 9:31 UTC (3+ messages)
` [PATCH v2] "
[PATCH net v2 0/1] net: arp: fix stack out-of-bounds read via unterminated device name
2026-09-21 9:31 UTC (3+ messages)
` [PATCH net v2 1/1] net: arp: terminate device name before lookup
[PATCH v2 net] ipv6: Fix dst leak for uncached routes
2026-09-21 9:31 UTC (3+ messages)
[PATCH] ASoC: Intel: SST: fix platform device leak on probe failure
2026-09-21 9:31 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH bpf-next v8 0/9] selftests/bpf: restructure the Makefile as a layered build
2026-09-21 9:30 UTC (3+ messages)
[PATCH] x86/vpmu: Fix incorrect printk format specifiers
2026-09-21 9:30 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH] ring-buffer: Add a MAINTAINERS category specific for the tracing ring-buffer
2026-09-21 9:30 UTC (3+ messages)
[PATCH v5 0/3] nvmem: add support for the MediaTek mt6323 PMIC
2026-09-21 9:30 UTC (2+ messages)
` (subset) "
[PATCH net v2] macsec: initialize SecY before registering the netdevice
2026-09-21 9:29 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH v2] leds: flash: sgm3140: fix child node reference leak
2026-09-21 9:29 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH v3 0/4] backlight: qcom-wled: Fix OVP IRQ imbalance and start from the hardware state
2026-09-21 9:29 UTC (5+ messages)
` [PATCH v3 1/4] backlight: qcom-wled: Fix NULL pointer dereference in PM callbacks
` [PATCH v3 2/4] backlight: qcom-wled: Fix WLED3 brightness register stride
[BUG] netfilter: unbounded nftables reject recursion on inet OUTPUT
2026-09-21 9:28 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH net] tipc: fix memory leaks in bundle and fragment paths
2026-09-21 9:28 UTC (3+ messages)
[PATCH 1/2] KVM: arm64: pvtime: Don't lose stolen time on failed updates
2026-09-21 9:27 UTC (2+ messages)
` [PATCH 2/2] KVM: selftests: Test arm64 stolen time after "
[PATCH v4 0/3] blk-cgroup: store blkcg in bio before blkcg_mutex conversion
2026-09-21 9:27 UTC (3+ messages)
` [PATCH v4 2/3] blk-cgroup: store blkcg in bio instead of blkg
[PATCH] net: atl1c: fix soft lockup on out-of-range tpd_cons read
2026-09-21 9:27 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH v10 00/10] Support for block device NVMEM providers
2026-09-21 9:27 UTC (4+ messages)
` [PATCH v10 04/10] nvmem: layouts: Support fixed-layout as the nvmem device node itself
` (subset) [PATCH v10 00/10] Support for block device NVMEM providers
[PATCH v2 1/1] mm: disallow raw PFN mappings of huge/shared zeropage
2026-09-21 9:27 UTC (2+ messages)
[RFC] Maintainer entry profile/contributor guide for IIO
2026-09-21 9:28 UTC (4+ messages)
[PATCH net-next 4/6] netlink: specs: rt-route: describe lwtunnel IP options
2026-09-21 9:26 UTC (3+ messages)
[BUG] PCIe passthrough of MCS9990 fails
2026-09-21 9:26 UTC (3+ messages)
[PATCH] x86emul: Cache the amd_like() output on x86_emulate() entry
2026-09-21 9:25 UTC
[PATCH 0/2] Fix Gemini TVE200 interrupt triggering
2026-09-21 9:25 UTC (4+ messages)
` [PATCH 1/2] dt-bindings: display: faraday,tve200: Use a level-high interrupt
` [PATCH 2/2] ARM: dts: gemini: Use a level-high interrupt for TVE200
[PATCH] efi_loader: fix string table reallocations
2026-09-21 9:25 UTC (5+ messages)
[PATCH v6 00/14] crash: Fix several bugs
2026-09-21 9:25 UTC (27+ messages)
` [PATCH v6 01/14] kexec: Fix CMA segment address translation with non-zero text_offset
` [PATCH v6 02/14] kexec: Record allocated CMA pages to fix release size mismatch
` [PATCH v6 03/14] kexec: Extract kexec_free_segment_cma() from kimage_free_cma()
` [PATCH v6 04/14] arm64: kexec_file: Fix CMA page leaks in segment placement retry loops
` [PATCH v6 05/14] arm64: kexec_file: Fix elf_headers memory leak in retry loop
` [PATCH v6 07/14] LoongArch: "
` [PATCH v6 08/14] LoongArch: kexec_file: Fix a modified_cmdline leak
` [PATCH v6 10/14] crash: Extract crash_get_memory_ranges() helper
` [PATCH v6 11/14] crash: Factor out crash_find_elfcorehdr() helper
` [PATCH v6 12/14] crash: Normalize the kexec_load elfcorehdr at load time
` [PATCH v6 13/14] driver core: Add device_hotplug_lock_assert_held() helper
` [PATCH v6 14/14] crash: Fix TOCTOU race in crash memory range collection
[PATCH net-next v9 0/3] w5100: restore GPIO-based link detection
2026-09-21 9:04 UTC (4+ messages)
` [PATCH net-next v9 3/3] w5100: detect carrier state using link status bit and optional interrupt
[PATCH] can: flexcan: fix synchronous external abort in flexcan_get_berr_counter()
2026-09-21 9:29 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH] mtd: spi-nor: reduce stack usage in spi_nor_parse_sfdp()
2026-09-21 9:24 UTC (4+ messages)
[RFC PATCH v2 2/4] KVM: x86: Add optional KVM_CAP_LIVE_MIGRATION and KVM_MIGRATE_CMD
2026-09-21 9:24 UTC (11+ messages)
[PATCH v5 1/1] macvlan: allow source mode devices along with passthru
2026-09-21 9:23 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH v1] kexec-tools/s390: Improve initrd memory reservation
2026-09-21 9:23 UTC (2+ messages)
[RFC PATCH v3 0/4] docs/devel, AGENTS.md: a completely new policy on AI-generated contributions
2026-09-21 9:23 UTC (5+ messages)
` [PATCH 1/4] docs/devel: relax "
` [PATCH 2/4] AGENTS.md: add final instructions
[PATCH v5 00/17] Remove PG_private by using page/folio->private checks instead
2026-09-21 9:23 UTC (5+ messages)
` [PATCH v5 10/17] mm/page-flags: check page/folio->private instead of PG_private
` [PATCH v5 13/17] md: Use folio_alloc_buffers()
[PATCH bpf-next v5 0/2] bpftool: Consume ring buffer maps with event_pipe
2026-09-21 9:23 UTC (4+ messages)
` [PATCH bpf-next v5 1/2] bpftool: Read "
[PATCH bpf-next v8 9/9] selftests/bpf: build each test runner instance in its own sub-make
2026-09-21 9:22 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH bpf-next v8 2/9] selftests/bpf: drop stale lines, restore two header dependencies
2026-09-21 9:21 UTC (3+ messages)
[PATCH v16 00/13] tracing: wprobe: x86: Add wprobe for watchpoint
2026-09-21 9:21 UTC (4+ messages)
` [PATCH v16 08/13] selftests: tracing: Add a basic testcase for wprobe
[PATCH v10 00/10] KUnit test for VF provisioning error handling
2026-09-21 9:21 UTC (11+ messages)
` [PATCH v10 01/10] drm/xe/guc: Allow to replace xe_guc_mmio_send_recv() with KUNIT stub
` [PATCH v10 02/10] drm/xe/vf: Split submission config query helpers
` [PATCH v10 03/10] drm/xe/vf: Add bounds checking for queried context and doorbell counts
` [PATCH v10 04/10] drm/xe: Introduce helpers for VRAM alignment
` [PATCH v10 05/10] drm/xe/ggtt: Avoid integer overflow when validating VF GGTT range
` [PATCH v10 06/10] drm/xe/sriov: Add helper for VF GGTT provisioning alignment
` [PATCH v10 07/10] drm/xe/vf: Add bounds checking for queried GGTT base and size
` [PATCH v10 08/10] drm/xe/vf: Add alignment check for queried VRAM size
` [PATCH v10 09/10] drm/xe/ggtt: Add KUnit stub for xe_ggtt_shift_nodes()
` [PATCH v10 10/10] drm/xe/tests: Add KUnit tests for VF provisioning error handling
Patchwork summary for: linux-renesas-soc
2026-09-21 9:20 UTC
[PATCH v2 00/11] media: i2c: st-vd55g1: Genericize driver and add VD55G0 support
2026-09-21 9:20 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH 00/18] dbtr: Fixes and heterogeneous trigger types
2026-09-21 9:20 UTC (3+ messages)
` [PATCH 07/18] dbtr: Check for invalid and unsupported triggers in update
[PATCH v3] seccomp: restore knotif->state when SECCOMP_ADDFD_FLAG_SEND is interrupted
2026-09-21 9:19 UTC (3+ messages)
` [PATCH v4] "
[PATCH] ASoC: wm8903: Move the DRC QR threshold to the register that holds it
2026-09-21 9:19 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH RFC 0/4] regmap: convert map->lock/unlock users to a scoped guard
2026-09-21 9:19 UTC (3+ messages)
` [PATCH RFC 2/4] regcache: use the regmap scoped lock guard
[RFC 0/2] DRM standardized memory stats
2026-09-21 9:19 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH 0/2] Enable fan monitoring support for Simatic IPC BX-59A
2026-09-21 9:19 UTC (4+ messages)
` [PATCH 1/2] i2c: i2c-nct6126: add support for NCT6126D Super I/O
[RFC PATCH 0/1] close(): stop exposing non-retryable EINTR
2026-09-21 9:19 UTC (6+ messages)
[PATCH net 2/2] net: ngbe: clear DRV_LOAD bit when ngbe_open() fails
2026-09-21 9:18 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH net 1/2] net: ngbe: propagate resume errors to the PM core
2026-09-21 9:18 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH] wifi: rtw88: sdio: Fix unhandled RX request interrupt storm
2026-09-21 9:17 UTC (6+ messages)
[PATCH v2 0/3] btrfs: make qgroup rescan work to handle fs freezing
2026-09-21 9:16 UTC (6+ messages)
` [PATCH v2 1/3] btrfs: let rescan_should_stop() decide if the rescan flag is cleared
` [PATCH] btrfs: make qgroup rescan work to handle fs freezing
` [PATCH v2 2/3] btrfs: always show the message when qgroup rescan ended
` [PATCH v2 3/3] btrfs: make qgroup rescan work handle fs freezing
[PATCH v7 0/3] arm: dts: altera: add Draeger M48 CPU board
2026-09-21 9:17 UTC (3+ messages)
` [PATCH v7 3/3] arm: dts: altera: add Draeger M48 CPU Module
[PATCH v4 0/3] misc: fastrpc: fix ADSP duplicate session creation
2026-09-21 9:16 UTC (3+ messages)
` [PATCH v4 1/3] misc: fastrpc: iterate CB nodes manually instead of of_platform_populate
[PATCH 0/3] net: atl1c/atl1e/atl1: fix soft lockup on out-of-range tx consumer index
2026-09-21 9:13 UTC (4+ messages)
` [PATCH 1/3] net: atl1c: fix soft lockup on out-of-range tpd_cons read
` [PATCH 2/3] net: atl1e: fix soft lockup on out-of-range hw_next_to_clean read
` [PATCH 3/3] net: atl1: fix soft lockup on out-of-range cmb_tpd_next_to_clean read
[PATCH v3 0/4] Small fixes and improvement for Rockchip pm-domains driver
2026-09-21 6:52 UTC (2+ messages)
` [PATCH v3 3/4] pmdomain: rockchip: don't ignore clock lookup errors on attach
[PATCH v6 0/4] gpio: mmio: report the line direction on chips without direction registers
2026-09-21 9:16 UTC (2+ messages)
` (subset) "
[PATCH v3 0/3] powerpc/irq: Use optimizations for /proc/interrupts
2026-09-21 9:01 UTC (2+ messages)
` [PATCH v3 2/3] powerpc/irq: Make irqstats array based
[PATCH v3 00/11] s390: More this_cpu_*() changes
2026-09-21 9:15 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH net-next v4 12/12] net/rds: hold a connection reference from struct rds_incoming
2026-09-21 9:15 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH net-next v4 10/12] net/rds: pin the connection across RDMA-CM event handling
2026-09-21 9:15 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH net-next v4 09/12] net/rds: refuse to queue on a connection being destroyed
2026-09-21 9:15 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH net-next v4 08/12] net/rds: hold connection references in lookup, sockets and c_passive
2026-09-21 9:15 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH net-next v4 07/12] net/rds: unlink transport nodes before a possibly deferred connection free
2026-09-21 9:15 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH net-next v4 06/12] net/rds: wait for connections to be freed on transport unload
2026-09-21 9:15 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH net-next v4 05/12] net/rds: split connection destroy into quiesce and kref-governed free
2026-09-21 9:15 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH net-next v4 04/12] net/rds: make rds_destroy_pending() cover single-connection destroy
2026-09-21 9:15 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH net-next v4 02/12] net/rds: free every path's transport data on the passive create paths
2026-09-21 9:15 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH 0/4] PCI: qcom: Align PHY init sequence with HPG
2026-09-21 9:15 UTC (7+ messages)
` [PATCH 1/4] PCI: qcom: Move PHY init and add PHY reset call to align "
` [PATCH 4/4] phy: qcom-qmp-pcie: Split phy_ops into init/exit/reset/power_on
[PATCH] i2c: qcom-geni: Fix hardcoded clock index in SE_GENI_CLK_SEL
2026-09-21 9:14 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH] mm: filemap: move lruvec accounting outside the xarray lock
2026-09-21 9:13 UTC (2+ messages)
[RFC PATCH v3 00/11] Add buffered write-through support to iomap & xfs
2026-09-21 9:12 UTC (3+ messages)
` [RFC PATCH v3 05/11] xfs: Add RWF_WRITETHROUGH support to xfs
[PATCH 0/2] mm: fix hugetlb NR_HUGETLB accounting on folio migration
2026-09-21 9:12 UTC (2+ messages)
` [PATCH 2/2] mm/memcg: migrate per-node hugetlb lruvec stat together with hugetlb folio
page: next (older) | prev (newer) | latest
- recent:[subjects (threaded)|topics (new)|topics (active)]
This is an external index of several public inboxes,
see mirroring instructions on how to clone and mirror
all data and code used by this external index.