All of lore.kernel.org
 help / color / mirror / Atom feed
 messages from 2026-10-21 20:50:47 to 2026-10-21 21:37:14 UTC [more...]

FAILED: patch "[PATCH] futex: Fix mm reuse handling for FUT_OFF_MMSHARED" failed to apply to 6.12-stable tree
 2026-10-21 21:37 UTC  (2+ messages)
` [PATCH 6.12.y] futex: Fix mm reuse handling for FUT_OFF_MMSHARED

FAILED: patch "[PATCH] ntfs3: free the sbi after a grace period" failed to apply to 6.6-stable tree
 2026-10-21 21:37 UTC  (2+ messages)
` [PATCH 6.6.y] ntfs3: free the sbi after a grace period

[GIT PULL] qcom: GPU firmwares for Nord chipset
 2026-10-21 21:36 UTC  (2+ messages)

[RFC][PATCH 00/24] x86 Kernel Shadow Stacks
 2026-10-21 21:36 UTC  (2+ messages)

[RFC PATCH 0/1] worktree list: add --merged and --no-merged
 2026-10-21 21:36 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH V2 0/4] Hyper-V: root VM iommu kernel only driver
 2026-10-21 21:36 UTC  (3+ messages)
` [PATCH V2 4/4] x86/hyperv: Implement root partition IOMMU "

FAILED: patch "[PATCH] scsi: bsg: Pass reply_len to bsg_setup_queue() to fit UFS" failed to apply to 6.6-stable tree
 2026-10-21 21:36 UTC  (2+ messages)
` [PATCH 6.6.y] scsi: bsg: Pass reply_len to bsg_setup_queue() to fit UFS ARPMB replies

FAILED: patch "[PATCH] watch_queue: Fix note pool publication race in" failed to apply to 6.1-stable tree
 2026-10-21 21:36 UTC  (2+ messages)
` [PATCH 6.1.y] watch_queue: Fix note pool publication race in watch_queue_set_size()

FAILED: patch "[PATCH] unicode: free the map after a grace period" failed to apply to 5.10-stable tree
 2026-10-21 21:36 UTC  (2+ messages)
` [PATCH 5.10.y] unicode: free the map after a grace period

FAILED: patch "[PATCH] ext4: free the sbi after a grace period" failed to apply to 6.6-stable tree
 2026-10-21 21:36 UTC  (2+ messages)
` [PATCH 6.6.y] ext4: free the sbi after a grace period

ZDI-CAN-33774: New Vulnerability Report
 2026-10-21 21:36 UTC 

FAILED: patch "[PATCH] drm/amdgpu: keep the eviction fence until the last handle is" failed to apply to 6.18-stable tree
 2026-10-21 21:36 UTC  (2+ messages)
` [PATCH 6.18.y] drm/amdgpu: keep the eviction fence until the last handle is closed

FAILED: patch "[PATCH] drm/amdgpu/userq: actually validate userq BOs" failed to apply to 7.2-stable tree
 2026-10-21 21:36 UTC  (3+ messages)
` [PATCH 7.2.y 1/2] drm/amdgpu: correct reservation fence slots for userq per-vm BOs eviction
  ` [PATCH 7.2.y 2/2] drm/amdgpu/userq: actually validate userq BOs

FAILED: patch "[PATCH] i2c: viai2c-wmt: Fix clock leak in wmt_i2c_probe()" failed to apply to 6.12-stable tree
 2026-10-21 21:36 UTC  (3+ messages)
` [PATCH 6.12.y 1/2] i2c: viai2c-wmt: Replace dev_err() with dev_err_probe() in probe function
  ` [PATCH 6.12.y 2/2] i2c: viai2c-wmt: Fix clock leak in wmt_i2c_probe()

[PATCH v2 0/9] multi-target: add riscv64-softmmu
 2026-10-21 21:35 UTC  (4+ messages)

[PATCH v3 0/2] ima: reject modsig when detached data cannot be supplied
 2026-10-21 21:36 UTC  (5+ messages)
` [PATCH v3 1/2] ima: discard "
` [PATCH v3 2/2] ima: audit failure to supply detached data for modsig

[PATCH] xen/arm: Fix under-mapping in map_range_to_domain()
 2026-10-21 21:35 UTC  (6+ messages)

[PATCH 0/3] Modify the initialization and headphone-related settings
 2026-10-21 21:35 UTC  (3+ messages)
` [PATCH 3/3] ASoC: es9356-sdca: Modify the Initialization Configuration

[PATCH v2 0/1] multipathd: don't leave maps read-only after write protect is cleared
 2026-10-21 21:34 UTC  (3+ messages)
` [PATCH v2 1/1] "

[PATCH] branch: strip refs/heads/ from the --set-upstream-to hint
 2026-10-21 21:35 UTC  (5+ messages)
` [PATCH v2 0/3] checkout: finish switch when tracking config cannot be written
  ` [PATCH v2 1/3] branch: strip refs/heads/ from the --set-upstream-to hint
  ` [PATCH v2 2/3] branch: return an error from setup_tracking()
  ` [PATCH v2 3/3] checkout: finish switching when the tracking config cannot be written

[PATCH net-next v3 0/2] net: wwan: qcom_bam_dmux: Add restricted DMA pool support
 2026-10-21 21:34 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH v32 net-next 0/8] nbl driver for Nebulamatrix NICs
 2026-10-21 21:34 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH v3 00/24] trace: bugfixes, cleanups and optimizations
 2026-10-21 21:33 UTC  (7+ messages)
` [PATCH v3 01/24] osdep: add 'ignore_value(x)' macro
` [PATCH v3 14/24] trace: include probe name in Rust format strings
` [PATCH v3 15/24] trace: add missing newline in ftrace Rust format string

[PATCH v5 00/10] iio: adc: Add TI ADS126X ADC family support
 2026-10-21 21:33 UTC  (4+ messages)

[PATCH net-next 0/11] pull-request: can-next 2026-10-21
 2026-10-21 21:32 UTC  (5+ messages)

[PATCH v2] sched_ext: Reject oversized automatic CID shards
 2026-10-21 21:32 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH] serial: 8250: prevent DMA callbacks from restarting a closing port
 2026-10-21 21:32 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH bpf-next v7 0/2] bpf: Track borrowed iterator result lifetimes
 2026-10-21 21:31 UTC  (5+ messages)
` [PATCH bpf-next v7 1/2] bpf: Track borrowed iterator results by default
` [PATCH bpf-next v7 2/2] selftests/bpf: Test borrowed iterator result lifetimes

[PATCH] dmaengine: dw: synchronize completion callbacks
 2026-10-21 21:31 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH v1 00/12] perf tools: Add a script to sync the header copies with the kernel sources
 2026-10-21 21:30 UTC  (10+ messages)
` [PATCH v1 01/12] perf tools: Add script and make target to sync the header copies with the kernel
` [PATCH v1 02/12] tools headers UAPI: Sync linux/if_addr.h with the kernel sources
` [PATCH v1 03/12] tools headers UAPI: Sync linux/rtnetlink.h "
` [PATCH v1 04/12] tools headers: Sync linux/gfp_types.h "
` [PATCH v1 05/12] tools headers x86 cpufeatures: Sync "
` [PATCH v1 06/12] tools arch x86: Sync the msr-index.h copy "
` [PATCH v1 07/12] perf beauty: Update copy of linux/socket.h "
` [PATCH v1 08/12] tools headers: Sync UAPI linux/fcntl.h "
` [PATCH v1 09/12] tools headers: Sync UAPI linux/fs.h "

[Buildroot] [PATCH 1/7] package/freescale-ele-imx: install with original filename
 2026-10-21 21:29 UTC  (4+ messages)
` [Buildroot] [PATCH 4/7] configs/imx93frdm_defconfig: new defconfig

[PATCH] clk: send abort notifications when a parent change is vetoed
 2026-10-21 21:28 UTC 

[PATCH v4 00/17] KVM: TDX huge page support for private memory
 2026-10-21 21:28 UTC  (9+ messages)
` [PATCH v4 01/17] x86/virt/tdx: Enhance tdx_pamt_get/put() to support huge pages

[PATCH] serial: 8250: check DMA channel configuration errors
 2026-10-21 21:28 UTC  (2+ messages)

[RFC v6 2/3] workqueue: Add support for real-time workers
 2026-10-21 21:27 UTC  (7+ messages)
` [RFC v6.1 "

[PATCH v2 01/20] hugetlb: Don't restore vmemmap of non-HVOed folios on bulk restore error
 2026-10-21 21:27 UTC  (2+ messages)

[GIT PULL] BPF changes for 7.4
 2026-10-21 21:26 UTC  (2+ messages)

Internship Tasks phase0
 2026-10-21 21:26 UTC 

[PATCH] apparmor: fix NULL peer label deref for connected SOCK_DGRAM sockets
 2026-10-21 21:25 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH] sparc64: Use relaxed ordering for DMA_FROM_DEVICE mappings on sun4v
 2026-10-21 21:25 UTC  (4+ messages)

[PATCH] kbuild: prevent building single targets twice
 2026-10-21 21:25 UTC  (5+ messages)

[PATCH 0/6] ATS/PASID SVA support and PRI-less fault servicing
 2026-10-21 21:24 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH 0/2] WIP: doc: add new git tutorial
 2026-10-21 21:24 UTC  (9+ messages)
` [PATCH 2/2] doc: add new Git tutorial for beginners

[PATCH] mm/page_counter: use WRITE_ONCE() for emin/elow when parent is the root
 2026-10-21 21:24 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH v6 00/18] TP8028 Rapid Path Failure Recovery
 2026-10-21 21:23 UTC  (4+ messages)
` [PATCH v6 15/18] nvme-fc: Hold inflight requests while in FENCING state

[PATCH 0/7] unix.7: Socket Options and SCM_* fixes
 2026-10-21 21:22 UTC  (8+ messages)
` [PATCH 1/7] man/man7/unix.7: ERRORS: ETOOMANYREFS: Fix the conditions
` [PATCH 2/7] man/man7/unix.7: Multiple same-typed SCM_* messages may be sent in one message
` [PATCH 3/7] man/man7/unix.7: Autobind: Clarify when it happens, and mention SO_PASSPIDFD
` [PATCH 4/7] man/man7/unix.7: SCM_SECURITY: Generalize to other LSMs, not just SELinux
` [PATCH 5/7] man/man7/unix.7: SO_PASSSEC: wfix
` [PATCH 6/7] man/man7/unix.7: Document SO_PASSPIDFD, SO_PEERPIDFD, and SCM_PIDFD
` [PATCH 7/7] man/man7/unix.7: Document SO_PASSRIGHTS

[PATCH v2] hfs: report errors when extending files with setattr
 2026-10-21 21:22 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH bluetooth] Bluetooth: qca: Fix the WCN3950 NVM baud rate offset
 2026-10-21 21:22 UTC  (2+ messages)
`  "

[PATCH] Documentation: propose community voting process
 2026-10-21 21:22 UTC  (2+ messages)

[Buildroot] [PATCH v2 0/8] Second set of fixes for build failures and PPD file conflicts
 2026-10-21 21:21 UTC  (5+ messages)
` [Buildroot] [PATCH v2 1/8] package/foot: Prefer ncurses terminfo if ncurses is selected
` [Buildroot] [PATCH v2 2/8] package/libest: Drop java support

[Outreachy PATCH] environment: move commit_encoding into repo_config_values
 2026-10-21 21:20 UTC  (3+ messages)

[RFC PATCH 0/2] memblock: keep reserve_mem regions out of KHO bootmem
 2026-10-21 21:20 UTC  (8+ messages)
` [RFC PATCH 1/2] memblock: factor out the KHO bootmem check from memblock_alloc_hugetlb()
` [RFC PATCH 2/2] memblock: don't allocate reserve_mem regions from KHO bootmem

[RFC PATCH 0/1] mm: Haven Memory Bus (HMB) zero-bio paging engine with Tier 2 z-Pack deduplication
 2026-10-21 21:19 UTC 

[Buildroot] [git commit] package/foot: prefer ncurses terminfo if ncurses is selected
 2026-10-21 21:18 UTC 

[PATCH 1/5] gpiolib: fix GPIO descriptor leak in gpiod_get_array()
 2026-10-21 21:17 UTC  (6+ messages)
` [PATCH 5/5] gpiolib: avoid krealloc() "

[Buildroot] [PATCH 1/2] package/libepoxy: needs dynamic library
 2026-10-21 21:17 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH] selftests/x86/ioperm: exit non-zero on child error
 2026-10-21 21:17 UTC 

[PATCH V2 0/6] md: fix takeover failure handling and raid0 size calculation
 2026-10-21 21:16 UTC  (4+ messages)

ZDI-CAN-33549: New Vulnerability Report
 2026-10-21 21:16 UTC 

[PATCH v4 0/3] Add TPM support via Qualcomm TEE TPM TA
 2026-10-21 21:16 UTC  (7+ messages)
` [PATCH v4 1/3] tee: qcomtee: Register qcom.tz.tpm service for discovery
` [PATCH v4 2/3] tpm: Introduce Qualcomm TPM driver

[PATCH v2 00/14] drm/msm/a8xx: GPU state capture support
 2026-10-21 21:15 UTC  (15+ messages)
` [PATCH v2 01/14] drm/msm: Import adreno_snapshot.h
` [PATCH v2 02/14] drm/msm/a8xx: Export aperture helpers
` [PATCH v2 03/14] drm/msm/a8xx: Add a8xx_aperture_acquire_raw()
` [PATCH v2 04/14] drm/msm/a8xx: Export slice helper
` [PATCH v2 05/14] drm/msm/a8xx: Add missing a850 ifpc reglist entries
` [PATCH v2 06/14] drm/msm/a8xx: Allow nonctx reglist to include GMU regs
` [PATCH v2 07/14] drm/msm/a8xx: Stop getting GMEM_PROTECT from nonctx list
` [PATCH v2 08/14] drm/msm/adreno: Fix PROTECT span length
` [PATCH v2 09/14] drm/msm/adreno: add temporary __maybe_unused
` [PATCH v2 11/14] drm/msm/a8xx: devcoredump state capture support
` [PATCH v2 12/14] drm/msm/a8xx: Switch to generated nonctx regs
` [PATCH v2 13/14] drm/msm/a8xx: Switch to generated protect regs
` [PATCH v2 14/14] drm/msm/adreno: Remove temporary __maybe_unused

[PATCH 0/2] SPI/NOR Flash Fixes
 2026-10-21 21:14 UTC  (4+ messages)
` [PATCH 2/2] spi: dw: Add supports_op function to reject unsupported transfer modes

[Buildroot] [git commit] package/libepoxy: needs dynamic library
 2026-10-21 21:14 UTC 

[Buildroot] [git commit] package/libepoxy: needs threads
 2026-10-21 21:14 UTC 

[PATCH bpf-next v1 0/7] bpf libarena allocator improvements
 2026-10-21 21:14 UTC  (4+ messages)

[PATCH net] cipso_v4: fail the walk on malformed options
 2026-10-21 21:14 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH] dmaengine: mediatek: uart: synchronize completion callbacks
 2026-10-21 21:13 UTC 

[PATCH 0/2] sunxi: Add Orange Pi 3 LTS support
 2026-10-21 21:13 UTC  (3+ messages)
` [PATCH 1/2] arm: dts: sunxi: Add Orange Pi 3 LTS device tree
` [PATCH 2/2] sunxi: Add Orange Pi 3 LTS defconfig

[Buildroot] [PATCH v3 1/1] package/sdl3: fix X11 dependencies
 2026-10-21 21:11 UTC 

[PATCH] dmaengine: sun6i: constrain descriptor addresses through the DMA mask
 2026-10-21 21:11 UTC 

[PATCH 0/8] {unix,socket,bind}.7: General Unix Domain Socket fixes
 2026-10-21 21:08 UTC  (9+ messages)
` [PATCH 1/8] man/man7/socket.7: SO_PEEK_OFF: This option is no longer specific to unix(7)
` [PATCH 2/8] man/man7/unix.7: SO_PEERCRED: Also works for SOCK_SEQPACKET
` [PATCH 3/8] man/man7/unix.7: SIOCINQ: Document behavior "
` [PATCH 4/8] man/man7/unix.7: Explain Abstract UDS scoping to the network namespace
` [PATCH 5/8] man/man7/unix.7: SOCK_RAW is accepted as an alias for SOCK_DGRAM
` [PATCH 6/8] man/man7/unix.7: ERRORS: EPROTONOSUPPORT: Protocol 0 is also accepted
` [PATCH 7/8] man/man2/bind.2: ERRORS: EACCES: Write permission on the directory is required
` [PATCH 8/8] man/man7/unix.7: ERRORS: Document EACCES, EAGAIN, EMSGSIZE, ENOSPC, and EPERM

[PATCH v9] xpad: Overhaul device data for wireless devices
 2026-10-21 21:07 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH v3 0/5] capabilities: close the ways around the CAP_SETFCAP rule for uid 0
 2026-10-21 21:07 UTC  (7+ messages)
` [PATCH v3 3/5] userns: check the opener and the writer before mapping "
` [PATCH v3 4/5] capabilities: limit fscaps to where CAP_SETFCAP reaches
` [PATCH v3 5/5] capabilities: don't let ptrace borrow CAP_SETFCAP

[PATCH v4 0/3] KEYS: rhashtable bug fixes
 2026-10-21 21:07 UTC  (4+ messages)

[PATCH] dmaengine: sun6i: bound burst selection before shifting
 2026-10-21 21:06 UTC 

[PATCH rdma-next v3 0/6] RDMA/irdma: Add support for ioctl
 2026-10-21 21:06 UTC  (4+ messages)
` [PATCH rdma-next v3 5/6] RDMA/irdma: Support UMEM attribute for CQ creation

[PATCH] hfsplus: preserve FinderInfo when listing extended attributes
 2026-10-21 21:05 UTC  (2+ messages)

[Outreachy PATCH] checkout: use Q_() for the "... and %d more" message
 2026-10-21 21:04 UTC  (3+ messages)

[PATCH v4] pinctrl: qcom: Restore the pin configuration after hibernation
 2026-10-21 21:04 UTC 

[GIT PULL] Rust for v7.4
 2026-10-21 21:04 UTC  (2+ messages)

[GIT PULL] Kbuild / Kconfig updates for 7.4
 2026-10-21 21:04 UTC  (2+ messages)

[GIT PULL] RCU updates for v7.4
 2026-10-21 21:04 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH] reftable/record: bound an object record's offset count by its length
 2026-10-21 21:03 UTC  (4+ messages)
` [PATCH v2 0/2] reftable: widen allocation size arguments to uintmax_t
  ` [PATCH v2 1/2] Makefile: build the reftable record unit tests
  ` [PATCH v2 2/2] reftable/basics: widen allocation size arguments to uintmax_t

[PATCH 0/4] media: synchronize CPU access to imported DMA-BUFs
 2026-10-21 21:03 UTC  (5+ messages)
` [PATCH 2/4] media: videobuf2: add opt-in DMA-BUF CPU access

[RFC v4 00/24] Add Realm support to QEMU-VMM
 2026-10-21 21:03 UTC  (3+ messages)

[Buildroot] [PATCH 1/1] utils/generate-cyclonedx: Use typing annotations needed for Python 3.8
 2026-10-21 20:56 UTC 

[PATCH net 0/2] psp: drop packets with extension headers in transport mode
 2026-10-21 21:02 UTC  (3+ messages)
` [PATCH net 1/2] psp: drop transport mode packets with extension headers
` [PATCH net 2/2] selftests: drv-net: psp: test ipv6 tcp socket "

[PATCH] dmaengine: sun6i: use the channel pause enable bit
 2026-10-21 21:02 UTC 

[RFC PATCH v3 0/2] perf: convert Perl test helpers to Python
 2026-10-21 21:02 UTC  (6+ messages)
` [RFC PATCH v4 0/2] perf/kselftest: "
  ` [RFC PATCH v4 1/2] kselftest: convert prefix.pl "
  ` [RFC PATCH v4 2/2] perf/tests: convert check_*.pl helpers "

[PATCH AUTOSEL 6.18-6.12] net: dsa: mt7530: check CORE_PLL_GROUP4 access in mt7531_setup()
 2026-10-21 21:01 UTC  (4+ messages)
` [PATCH AUTOSEL 6.18-6.6] KVM: x86/xen: Prevent runstate times from becoming negative

[PATCH 0/5] nvme-fabrics: fix connects with isolated CPUs and queue mapping bugs
 2026-10-21 21:01 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH i-g-t v2] tests/kms_atomic_reset: Add tests for DRM_MODE_ATOMIC_RESET
 2026-10-21 21:00 UTC  (2+ messages)
` ✓ i915.CI.BAT: success for tests/kms_atomic_reset: Add tests for DRM_MODE_ATOMIC_RESET (rev2)

[PATCH 0/3] can: enable NAPI before starting the controller in three drivers
 2026-10-21 20:59 UTC  (4+ messages)
` [PATCH 1/3] can: ctucanfd: enable NAPI before starting the controller
` [PATCH 2/3] can: xilinx_can: "
` [PATCH 3/3] can: ifi_canfd: "

[RFC PATCH 0/4] doc: move BreakingChanges to a manpage
 2026-10-21 21:00 UTC  (7+ messages)
` [PATCH v2 0/5] "

[PATCH] xfs: skip iunlock with empty iolock flags in xfs_file_dio_write_aligned
 2026-10-21 21:00 UTC 

[PATCH] nvmet: take subsys->lock while force-reconnecting in nvmet_subsys_attr_qid_max_store()
 2026-10-21 20:59 UTC  (3+ messages)
` [PATCH v2] "

Path forward for Virtualized Swap?
 2026-10-21 20:59 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH v2 0/2] mshv_vtl: fix poll waitqueue handling
 2026-10-21 20:58 UTC  (3+ messages)

[PATCH 1/1] arm64: dts: freescale: ls208xa: correct USB compatible strings
 2026-10-21 20:57 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH v2 0/2] gpu/buddy: Fix quadratic cost of range-biased allocation
 2026-10-21 20:57 UTC  (2+ messages)
` ✓ Xe.CI.FULL: success for gpu/buddy: Fix quadratic cost of range-biased allocation (rev3)

[PATCH 0/2] mm/zswap: distinguish incompressible pages from compressor failures
 2026-10-21 20:56 UTC  (3+ messages)
` [PATCH 1/2] crypto: return -ENOSPC on compression destination overflow
` [PATCH 2/2] mm/zswap: classify compression dst overflow as poor compression

[PATCH v1 0/3] gpio: Introduce helper to dispose IRQ mappings
 2026-10-21 20:56 UTC  (3+ messages)
` [PATCH v1 1/3] gpiolib: Introduce devm_gpiochip_dispose_irq_mappings()

[PATCH] iio: imu: inv_mpu6050: use named initializers for temp in hw_info[]
 2026-10-21 20:56 UTC  (5+ messages)

[PATCH 6.6.y] crypto: af_alg - limit RX SG extraction by receive buffer budget
 2026-10-21 20:55 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH net-next 11/11] can: protect the receive lists with a per-device lock
 2026-10-21 20:55 UTC  (2+ messages)

[PATCH v1 1/1] regmap: irq: Get rid of duplicate check in regmap_del_irq_chip()
 2026-10-21 20:50 UTC 

[PATCH i-g-t 0/2] Support PMT for BMG and CRI devices
 2026-10-21 20:52 UTC  (2+ messages)

baum: NVDA does not detect usb-braille, and following the input-linux grab
 2026-10-21 20:52 UTC  (7+ messages)
        ` baum: NVDA does not detect usb-braille

[PATCH v6 000/100] tcg: Generic expansion of most operations
 2026-10-21 20:52 UTC  (3+ messages)
` [PATCH v6 077/100] tcg: Generic expansion of tcg_gen_extract2_*

[PATCH net-next v4 0/2] tcp: keep the route window metric when SO_RCVBUF is set before connect
 2026-10-21 20:51 UTC  (3+ messages)
` [PATCH net-next v4 1/2] "

[PATCH v3 00/19] testing/next: functional testing updates for gdb (pre-PR)
 2026-10-21 20:50 UTC  (4+ messages)
` [PATCH v3 12/19] tests/functional: teach tuxrun about launching gdb tests


This is an external index of several public inboxes,
see mirroring instructions on how to clone and mirror
all data and code used by this external index.