From: Brian Foster <bfoster@redhat.com>
To: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>,
"Darrick J. Wong" <djwong@kernel.org>,
Joanne Koong <joannelkoong@gmail.com>,
linux-xfs@vger.kernel.org, linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org,
linux-doc@vger.kernel.org, linux-block@vger.kernel.org,
gfs2@lists.linux.dev
Subject: Re: [PATCH 04/12] iomap: hide ioends from the generic writeback code
Date: Fri, 27 Jun 2025 11:14:15 -0400 [thread overview]
Message-ID: <aF61R1RjzsAQdVW3@bfoster> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20250627070328.975394-5-hch@lst.de>
On Fri, Jun 27, 2025 at 09:02:37AM +0200, Christoph Hellwig wrote:
> Replace the ioend pointer in iomap_writeback_ctx with a void *wb_ctx
> one to facilitate non-block, non-ioend writeback for use. Rename
> the submit_ioend method to writeback_submit and make it mandatory so
> that the generic writeback code stops seeing ioends and bios.
>
> Co-developed-by: Joanne Koong <joannelkoong@gmail.com>
> Signed-off-by: Joanne Koong <joannelkoong@gmail.com>
> Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
> ---
Reviewed-by: Brian Foster <bfoster@redhat.com>
> .../filesystems/iomap/operations.rst | 16 +---
> block/fops.c | 1 +
> fs/gfs2/bmap.c | 1 +
> fs/iomap/buffered-io.c | 91 ++++++++++---------
> fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c | 60 ++++++------
> fs/zonefs/file.c | 1 +
> include/linux/iomap.h | 19 ++--
> 7 files changed, 93 insertions(+), 96 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/iomap/operations.rst b/Documentation/filesystems/iomap/operations.rst
> index 3c7989ee84ff..7073c1a3ede3 100644
> --- a/Documentation/filesystems/iomap/operations.rst
> +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/iomap/operations.rst
> @@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ The ``ops`` structure must be specified and is as follows:
> struct iomap_writeback_ops {
> int (*writeback_range)(struct iomap_writeback_ctx *wpc,
> struct folio *folio, u64 pos, unsigned int len, u64 end_pos);
> - int (*submit_ioend)(struct iomap_writeback_ctx *wpc, int status);
> + int (*writeback_submit)(struct iomap_writeback_ctx *wpc, int error);
> };
>
> The fields are as follows:
> @@ -307,13 +307,7 @@ The fields are as follows:
> purpose.
> This function must be supplied by the filesystem.
>
> - - ``submit_ioend``: Allows the file systems to hook into writeback bio
> - submission.
> - This might include pre-write space accounting updates, or installing
> - a custom ``->bi_end_io`` function for internal purposes, such as
> - deferring the ioend completion to a workqueue to run metadata update
> - transactions from process context before submitting the bio.
> - This function is optional.
> + - ``writeback_submit``: Submit the previous built writeback context.
>
> Pagecache Writeback Completion
> ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
> @@ -328,12 +322,6 @@ the address space.
> This can happen in interrupt or process context, depending on the
> storage device.
>
> -Filesystems that need to update internal bookkeeping (e.g. unwritten
> -extent conversions) should provide a ``->submit_ioend`` function to
> -set ``struct iomap_end::bio::bi_end_io`` to its own function.
> -This function should call ``iomap_finish_ioends`` after finishing its
> -own work (e.g. unwritten extent conversion).
> -
> Some filesystems may wish to `amortize the cost of running metadata
> transactions
> <https://lore.kernel.org/all/20220120034733.221737-1-david@fromorbit.com/>`_
> diff --git a/block/fops.c b/block/fops.c
> index 692be63a4aa0..777f2318eca2 100644
> --- a/block/fops.c
> +++ b/block/fops.c
> @@ -560,6 +560,7 @@ static ssize_t blkdev_writeback_range(struct iomap_writeback_ctx *wpc,
>
> static const struct iomap_writeback_ops blkdev_writeback_ops = {
> .writeback_range = blkdev_writeback_range,
> + .writeback_submit = ioend_writeback_submit,
> };
>
> static int blkdev_writepages(struct address_space *mapping,
> diff --git a/fs/gfs2/bmap.c b/fs/gfs2/bmap.c
> index ff72e04a4788..eb49e49f2db4 100644
> --- a/fs/gfs2/bmap.c
> +++ b/fs/gfs2/bmap.c
> @@ -2490,4 +2490,5 @@ static ssize_t gfs2_writeback_range(struct iomap_writeback_ctx *wpc,
>
> const struct iomap_writeback_ops gfs2_writeback_ops = {
> .writeback_range = gfs2_writeback_range,
> + .writeback_submit = ioend_writeback_submit,
> };
> diff --git a/fs/iomap/buffered-io.c b/fs/iomap/buffered-io.c
> index a54b14817cd0..a72ab487c8ab 100644
> --- a/fs/iomap/buffered-io.c
> +++ b/fs/iomap/buffered-io.c
> @@ -1579,7 +1579,7 @@ u32 iomap_finish_ioend_buffered(struct iomap_ioend *ioend)
> return folio_count;
> }
>
> -static void iomap_writepage_end_bio(struct bio *bio)
> +static void ioend_writeback_end_bio(struct bio *bio)
> {
> struct iomap_ioend *ioend = iomap_ioend_from_bio(bio);
>
> @@ -1588,42 +1588,30 @@ static void iomap_writepage_end_bio(struct bio *bio)
> }
>
> /*
> - * Submit an ioend.
> - *
> - * If @error is non-zero, it means that we have a situation where some part of
> - * the submission process has failed after we've marked pages for writeback.
> - * We cannot cancel ioend directly in that case, so call the bio end I/O handler
> - * with the error status here to run the normal I/O completion handler to clear
> - * the writeback bit and let the file system proess the errors.
> + * We cannot cancel the ioend directly in case of an error, so call the bio end
> + * I/O handler with the error status here to run the normal I/O completion
> + * handler.
> */
> -static int iomap_submit_ioend(struct iomap_writeback_ctx *wpc, int error)
> +int ioend_writeback_submit(struct iomap_writeback_ctx *wpc, int error)
> {
> - if (!wpc->ioend)
> - return error;
> + struct iomap_ioend *ioend = wpc->wb_ctx;
>
> - /*
> - * Let the file systems prepare the I/O submission and hook in an I/O
> - * comletion handler. This also needs to happen in case after a
> - * failure happened so that the file system end I/O handler gets called
> - * to clean up.
> - */
> - if (wpc->ops->submit_ioend) {
> - error = wpc->ops->submit_ioend(wpc, error);
> - } else {
> - if (WARN_ON_ONCE(wpc->iomap.flags & IOMAP_F_ANON_WRITE))
> - error = -EIO;
> - if (!error)
> - submit_bio(&wpc->ioend->io_bio);
> - }
> + if (!ioend->io_bio.bi_end_io)
> + ioend->io_bio.bi_end_io = ioend_writeback_end_bio;
> +
> + if (WARN_ON_ONCE(wpc->iomap.flags & IOMAP_F_ANON_WRITE))
> + error = -EIO;
>
> if (error) {
> - wpc->ioend->io_bio.bi_status = errno_to_blk_status(error);
> - bio_endio(&wpc->ioend->io_bio);
> + ioend->io_bio.bi_status = errno_to_blk_status(error);
> + bio_endio(&ioend->io_bio);
> + return error;
> }
>
> - wpc->ioend = NULL;
> - return error;
> + submit_bio(&ioend->io_bio);
> + return 0;
> }
> +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ioend_writeback_submit);
>
> static struct iomap_ioend *iomap_alloc_ioend(struct iomap_writeback_ctx *wpc,
> loff_t pos, u16 ioend_flags)
> @@ -1634,7 +1622,6 @@ static struct iomap_ioend *iomap_alloc_ioend(struct iomap_writeback_ctx *wpc,
> REQ_OP_WRITE | wbc_to_write_flags(wpc->wbc),
> GFP_NOFS, &iomap_ioend_bioset);
> bio->bi_iter.bi_sector = iomap_sector(&wpc->iomap, pos);
> - bio->bi_end_io = iomap_writepage_end_bio;
> bio->bi_write_hint = wpc->inode->i_write_hint;
> wbc_init_bio(wpc->wbc, bio);
> wpc->nr_folios = 0;
> @@ -1644,16 +1631,17 @@ static struct iomap_ioend *iomap_alloc_ioend(struct iomap_writeback_ctx *wpc,
> static bool iomap_can_add_to_ioend(struct iomap_writeback_ctx *wpc, loff_t pos,
> u16 ioend_flags)
> {
> + struct iomap_ioend *ioend = wpc->wb_ctx;
> +
> if (ioend_flags & IOMAP_IOEND_BOUNDARY)
> return false;
> if ((ioend_flags & IOMAP_IOEND_NOMERGE_FLAGS) !=
> - (wpc->ioend->io_flags & IOMAP_IOEND_NOMERGE_FLAGS))
> + (ioend->io_flags & IOMAP_IOEND_NOMERGE_FLAGS))
> return false;
> - if (pos != wpc->ioend->io_offset + wpc->ioend->io_size)
> + if (pos != ioend->io_offset + ioend->io_size)
> return false;
> if (!(wpc->iomap.flags & IOMAP_F_ANON_WRITE) &&
> - iomap_sector(&wpc->iomap, pos) !=
> - bio_end_sector(&wpc->ioend->io_bio))
> + iomap_sector(&wpc->iomap, pos) != bio_end_sector(&ioend->io_bio))
> return false;
> /*
> * Limit ioend bio chain lengths to minimise IO completion latency. This
> @@ -1679,6 +1667,7 @@ static bool iomap_can_add_to_ioend(struct iomap_writeback_ctx *wpc, loff_t pos,
> ssize_t iomap_add_to_ioend(struct iomap_writeback_ctx *wpc, struct folio *folio,
> loff_t pos, loff_t end_pos, unsigned int dirty_len)
> {
> + struct iomap_ioend *ioend = wpc->wb_ctx;
> struct iomap_folio_state *ifs = folio->private;
> size_t poff = offset_in_folio(folio, pos);
> unsigned int ioend_flags = 0;
> @@ -1709,15 +1698,17 @@ ssize_t iomap_add_to_ioend(struct iomap_writeback_ctx *wpc, struct folio *folio,
> if (pos == wpc->iomap.offset && (wpc->iomap.flags & IOMAP_F_BOUNDARY))
> ioend_flags |= IOMAP_IOEND_BOUNDARY;
>
> - if (!wpc->ioend || !iomap_can_add_to_ioend(wpc, pos, ioend_flags)) {
> + if (!ioend || !iomap_can_add_to_ioend(wpc, pos, ioend_flags)) {
> new_ioend:
> - error = iomap_submit_ioend(wpc, 0);
> - if (error)
> - return error;
> - wpc->ioend = iomap_alloc_ioend(wpc, pos, ioend_flags);
> + if (ioend) {
> + error = wpc->ops->writeback_submit(wpc, 0);
> + if (error)
> + return error;
> + }
> + wpc->wb_ctx = ioend = iomap_alloc_ioend(wpc, pos, ioend_flags);
> }
>
> - if (!bio_add_folio(&wpc->ioend->io_bio, folio, map_len, poff))
> + if (!bio_add_folio(&ioend->io_bio, folio, map_len, poff))
> goto new_ioend;
>
> if (ifs)
> @@ -1764,9 +1755,9 @@ ssize_t iomap_add_to_ioend(struct iomap_writeback_ctx *wpc, struct folio *folio,
> * Note that this defeats the ability to chain the ioends of
> * appending writes.
> */
> - wpc->ioend->io_size += map_len;
> - if (wpc->ioend->io_offset + wpc->ioend->io_size > end_pos)
> - wpc->ioend->io_size = end_pos - wpc->ioend->io_offset;
> + ioend->io_size += map_len;
> + if (ioend->io_offset + ioend->io_size > end_pos)
> + ioend->io_size = end_pos - ioend->io_offset;
>
> wbc_account_cgroup_owner(wpc->wbc, folio, map_len);
> return map_len;
> @@ -1956,6 +1947,18 @@ iomap_writepages(struct iomap_writeback_ctx *wpc)
>
> while ((folio = writeback_iter(mapping, wpc->wbc, folio, &error)))
> error = iomap_writepage_map(wpc, folio);
> - return iomap_submit_ioend(wpc, error);
> +
> + /*
> + * If @error is non-zero, it means that we have a situation where some
> + * part of the submission process has failed after we've marked pages
> + * for writeback.
> + *
> + * We cannot cancel the writeback directly in that case, so always call
> + * ->writeback_submit to run the I/O completion handler to clear the
> + * writeback bit and let the file system proess the errors.
> + */
> + if (wpc->wb_ctx)
> + return wpc->ops->writeback_submit(wpc, error);
> + return error;
> }
> EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(iomap_writepages);
> diff --git a/fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c b/fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c
> index ce4ed03db21d..193000e9ca7b 100644
> --- a/fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c
> +++ b/fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c
> @@ -514,41 +514,40 @@ xfs_ioend_needs_wq_completion(
> }
>
> static int
> -xfs_submit_ioend(
> - struct iomap_writeback_ctx *wpc,
> - int status)
> +xfs_writeback_submit(
> + struct iomap_writeback_ctx *wpc,
> + int error)
> {
> - struct iomap_ioend *ioend = wpc->ioend;
> - unsigned int nofs_flag;
> + struct iomap_ioend *ioend = wpc->wb_ctx;
>
> /*
> - * We can allocate memory here while doing writeback on behalf of
> - * memory reclaim. To avoid memory allocation deadlocks set the
> - * task-wide nofs context for the following operations.
> + * Convert CoW extents to regular.
> + *
> + * We can allocate memory here while doing writeback on behalf of memory
> + * reclaim. To avoid memory allocation deadlocks, set the task-wide
> + * nofs context.
> */
> - nofs_flag = memalloc_nofs_save();
> + if (!error && (ioend->io_flags & IOMAP_IOEND_SHARED)) {
> + unsigned int nofs_flag;
>
> - /* Convert CoW extents to regular */
> - if (!status && (ioend->io_flags & IOMAP_IOEND_SHARED)) {
> - status = xfs_reflink_convert_cow(XFS_I(ioend->io_inode),
> + nofs_flag = memalloc_nofs_save();
> + error = xfs_reflink_convert_cow(XFS_I(ioend->io_inode),
> ioend->io_offset, ioend->io_size);
> + memalloc_nofs_restore(nofs_flag);
> }
>
> - memalloc_nofs_restore(nofs_flag);
> -
> - /* send ioends that might require a transaction to the completion wq */
> + /*
> + * Send ioends that might require a transaction to the completion wq.
> + */
> if (xfs_ioend_needs_wq_completion(ioend))
> ioend->io_bio.bi_end_io = xfs_end_bio;
>
> - if (status)
> - return status;
> - submit_bio(&ioend->io_bio);
> - return 0;
> + return ioend_writeback_submit(wpc, error);
> }
>
> static const struct iomap_writeback_ops xfs_writeback_ops = {
> .writeback_range = xfs_writeback_range,
> - .submit_ioend = xfs_submit_ioend,
> + .writeback_submit = xfs_writeback_submit,
> };
>
> struct xfs_zoned_writepage_ctx {
> @@ -646,20 +645,25 @@ xfs_zoned_writeback_range(
> }
>
> static int
> -xfs_zoned_submit_ioend(
> - struct iomap_writeback_ctx *wpc,
> - int status)
> +xfs_zoned_writeback_submit(
> + struct iomap_writeback_ctx *wpc,
> + int error)
> {
> - wpc->ioend->io_bio.bi_end_io = xfs_end_bio;
> - if (status)
> - return status;
> - xfs_zone_alloc_and_submit(wpc->ioend, &XFS_ZWPC(wpc)->open_zone);
> + struct iomap_ioend *ioend = wpc->wb_ctx;
> +
> + ioend->io_bio.bi_end_io = xfs_end_bio;
> + if (error) {
> + ioend->io_bio.bi_status = errno_to_blk_status(error);
> + bio_endio(&ioend->io_bio);
> + return error;
> + }
> + xfs_zone_alloc_and_submit(ioend, &XFS_ZWPC(wpc)->open_zone);
> return 0;
> }
>
> static const struct iomap_writeback_ops xfs_zoned_writeback_ops = {
> .writeback_range = xfs_zoned_writeback_range,
> - .submit_ioend = xfs_zoned_submit_ioend,
> + .writeback_submit = xfs_zoned_writeback_submit,
> };
>
> STATIC int
> diff --git a/fs/zonefs/file.c b/fs/zonefs/file.c
> index cb3d380c4651..a0ce6c97b9e5 100644
> --- a/fs/zonefs/file.c
> +++ b/fs/zonefs/file.c
> @@ -151,6 +151,7 @@ static ssize_t zonefs_writeback_range(struct iomap_writeback_ctx *wpc,
>
> static const struct iomap_writeback_ops zonefs_writeback_ops = {
> .writeback_range = zonefs_writeback_range,
> + .writeback_submit = ioend_writeback_submit,
> };
>
> static int zonefs_writepages(struct address_space *mapping,
> diff --git a/include/linux/iomap.h b/include/linux/iomap.h
> index e346475a023d..b65951cdb0b5 100644
> --- a/include/linux/iomap.h
> +++ b/include/linux/iomap.h
> @@ -391,8 +391,7 @@ sector_t iomap_bmap(struct address_space *mapping, sector_t bno,
> /*
> * Structure for writeback I/O completions.
> *
> - * File systems implementing ->submit_ioend (for buffered I/O) or ->submit_io
> - * for direct I/O) can split a bio generated by iomap. In that case the parent
> + * File systems can split a bio generated by iomap. In that case the parent
> * ioend it was split from is recorded in ioend->io_parent.
> */
> struct iomap_ioend {
> @@ -416,7 +415,7 @@ static inline struct iomap_ioend *iomap_ioend_from_bio(struct bio *bio)
>
> struct iomap_writeback_ops {
> /*
> - * Required, performs writeback on the passed in range
> + * Performs writeback on the passed in range
> *
> * Can map arbitrarily large regions, but we need to call into it at
> * least once per folio to allow the file systems to synchronize with
> @@ -432,23 +431,22 @@ struct iomap_writeback_ops {
> u64 end_pos);
>
> /*
> - * Optional, allows the file systems to hook into bio submission,
> - * including overriding the bi_end_io handler.
> + * Submit a writeback context previously build up by ->writeback_range.
> *
> - * Returns 0 if the bio was successfully submitted, or a negative
> - * error code if status was non-zero or another error happened and
> - * the bio could not be submitted.
> + * Returns 0 if the context was successfully submitted, or a negative
> + * error code if not. If @error is non-zero a failure occurred, and
> + * the writeback context should be completed with an error.
> */
> - int (*submit_ioend)(struct iomap_writeback_ctx *wpc, int status);
> + int (*writeback_submit)(struct iomap_writeback_ctx *wpc, int error);
> };
>
> struct iomap_writeback_ctx {
> struct iomap iomap;
> struct inode *inode;
> struct writeback_control *wbc;
> - struct iomap_ioend *ioend;
> const struct iomap_writeback_ops *ops;
> u32 nr_folios; /* folios added to the ioend */
> + void *wb_ctx; /* pending writeback context */
> };
>
> struct iomap_ioend *iomap_init_ioend(struct inode *inode, struct bio *bio,
> @@ -461,6 +459,7 @@ void iomap_ioend_try_merge(struct iomap_ioend *ioend,
> void iomap_sort_ioends(struct list_head *ioend_list);
> ssize_t iomap_add_to_ioend(struct iomap_writeback_ctx *wpc, struct folio *folio,
> loff_t pos, loff_t end_pos, unsigned int dirty_len);
> +int ioend_writeback_submit(struct iomap_writeback_ctx *wpc, int error);
> int iomap_writepages(struct iomap_writeback_ctx *wpc);
>
> /*
> --
> 2.47.2
>
>
next prev parent reply other threads:[~2025-06-27 15:10 UTC|newest]
Thread overview: 49+ messages / expand[flat|nested] mbox.gz Atom feed top
2025-06-27 7:02 refactor the iomap writeback code v3 Christoph Hellwig
2025-06-27 7:02 ` [PATCH 01/12] iomap: pass more arguments using the iomap writeback context Christoph Hellwig
2025-06-27 15:12 ` Brian Foster
2025-06-30 5:44 ` Christoph Hellwig
2025-06-30 12:41 ` Brian Foster
2025-07-02 18:18 ` Darrick J. Wong
2025-07-02 22:00 ` Joanne Koong
2025-07-02 22:23 ` Darrick J. Wong
2025-07-02 18:22 ` Darrick J. Wong
2025-06-27 7:02 ` [PATCH 02/12] iomap: cleanup the pending writeback tracking in iomap_writepage_map_blocks Christoph Hellwig
2025-06-27 15:12 ` Brian Foster
2025-07-02 18:23 ` Darrick J. Wong
2025-06-27 7:02 ` [PATCH 03/12] iomap: refactor the writeback interface Christoph Hellwig
2025-06-27 8:23 ` Damien Le Moal
2025-06-27 15:14 ` Brian Foster
2025-06-30 5:42 ` Christoph Hellwig
2025-06-30 12:39 ` Brian Foster
2025-07-02 18:24 ` Darrick J. Wong
2025-06-27 7:02 ` [PATCH 04/12] iomap: hide ioends from the generic writeback code Christoph Hellwig
2025-06-27 8:26 ` Damien Le Moal
2025-06-27 15:14 ` Brian Foster [this message]
2025-06-28 3:09 ` Randy Dunlap
2025-07-02 18:25 ` Darrick J. Wong
2025-06-27 7:02 ` [PATCH 05/12] iomap: add public helpers for uptodate state manipulation Christoph Hellwig
2025-06-27 15:14 ` Brian Foster
2025-07-02 18:25 ` Darrick J. Wong
2025-06-27 7:02 ` [PATCH 06/12] iomap: move all ioend handling to ioend.c Christoph Hellwig
2025-06-27 15:15 ` Brian Foster
2025-06-30 5:44 ` Christoph Hellwig
2025-07-02 18:26 ` Darrick J. Wong
2025-06-27 7:02 ` [PATCH 07/12] iomap: rename iomap_writepage_map to iomap_writeback_folio Christoph Hellwig
2025-06-27 16:38 ` Brian Foster
2025-07-02 18:26 ` Darrick J. Wong
2025-06-27 7:02 ` [PATCH 08/12] iomap: move folio_unlock out of iomap_writeback_folio Christoph Hellwig
2025-06-27 16:38 ` Brian Foster
2025-06-30 5:45 ` Christoph Hellwig
2025-06-30 12:39 ` Brian Foster
2025-06-27 7:02 ` [PATCH 09/12] iomap: export iomap_writeback_folio Christoph Hellwig
2025-07-02 18:27 ` Darrick J. Wong
2025-06-27 7:02 ` [PATCH 10/12] iomap: replace iomap_folio_ops with iomap_write_ops Christoph Hellwig
2025-06-27 8:29 ` Damien Le Moal
2025-06-27 19:18 ` Brian Foster
2025-06-30 5:43 ` Christoph Hellwig
2025-07-02 18:28 ` Darrick J. Wong
2025-06-27 7:02 ` [PATCH 11/12] iomap: add read_folio_range() handler for buffered writes Christoph Hellwig
2025-06-27 19:18 ` Brian Foster
2025-06-30 5:47 ` Christoph Hellwig
2025-06-27 7:02 ` [PATCH 12/12] iomap: build the writeback code without CONFIG_BLOCK Christoph Hellwig
2025-07-02 18:20 ` Darrick J. Wong
Reply instructions:
You may reply publicly to this message via plain-text email
using any one of the following methods:
* Save the following mbox file, import it into your mail client,
and reply-to-all from there: mbox
Avoid top-posting and favor interleaved quoting:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posting_style#Interleaved_style
* Reply using the --to, --cc, and --in-reply-to
switches of git-send-email(1):
git send-email \
--in-reply-to=aF61R1RjzsAQdVW3@bfoster \
--to=bfoster@redhat.com \
--cc=brauner@kernel.org \
--cc=djwong@kernel.org \
--cc=gfs2@lists.linux.dev \
--cc=hch@lst.de \
--cc=joannelkoong@gmail.com \
--cc=linux-block@vger.kernel.org \
--cc=linux-doc@vger.kernel.org \
--cc=linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org \
--cc=linux-xfs@vger.kernel.org \
/path/to/YOUR_REPLY
https://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-send-email.html
* If your mail client supports setting the In-Reply-To header
via mailto: links, try the mailto: link
Be sure your reply has a Subject: header at the top and a blank line
before the message body.
This is an external index of several public inboxes,
see mirroring instructions on how to clone and mirror
all data and code used by this external index.