Re: [PATCH nf] netfilter: conntrack: sctp: verify vtag before state changes

[Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>]

On Wed, Jul 29, 2026 at 12:56:39PM +0800, Yizhou Zhao wrote:
> Hi Pablo,
> 
> Thank you for the review.
> 
> > On Jul 29, 2026, at 03:26, Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org> wrote:
> > 
> > Hi,
> > 
> > On Tue, Jul 28, 2026 at 03:35:06PM +0800, Yizhou Zhao wrote:
> >> The packet-wide vtag check in nf_conntrack_sctp_packet() is skipped when
> >> the bundle map contains any chunk type with special vtag handling.  The
> >> per-chunk path re-checks INIT, ABORT, SHUTDOWN_COMPLETE, and
> >> COOKIE_ECHO, but other state-changing chunks still fall through to
> >> sctp_new_state() without validating sh->vtag.
> >> 
> >> This lets a wrong-vtag packet bundle HEARTBEAT with COOKIE_ACK, ERROR,
> >> SHUTDOWN, or SHUTDOWN_ACK and still advance conntrack state.  That can
> >> desynchronize conntrack from the real SCTP association and cause denial
> >> of service for SCTP traffic behind a stateful firewall.
> > 
> > Are you assuming a specific policy in place? The connection tracking
> > does not police packets, it just provides tracking.
> 
> You are right, I overstated the impact.  Conntrack only tracks packet
> state, and whether a packet is dropped depends on a firewall rule that
> uses that state.
> 
> > 
> > Can you provide a more specific scenario?
> 
> The issue I reproduced is that a wrong-vtag [SHUTDOWN, HEARTBEAT] bundle
> changes SCTP conntrack state from ESTABLISHED to SHUTDOWN_SENT, while the
> SCTP endpoints discard the packet because of the invalid vtag.  This can
> therefore desynchronize conntrack from the association.
> 
> For example, a stateful policy that drops INVALID, accepts
> ESTABLISHED/RELATED, and accepts new SCTP only for INIT will see the
> conntrack timeout change from 210 seconds to 3 seconds.  If the entry
> expires while the real association remains established, a later DATA
> packet is invalid and that policy drops it.  This requires an attacker
> that can inject a matching SCTP 4-tuple into the firewall path, and it does
> not require knowing the correct vtag.
> 
> > 
> > We are seeing several reports related to the connection tracking from
> > your university lately.
> > 
> >> Check sh->vtag before processing those chunks when conntrack already
> >> knows the expected direction vtag.  This keeps the existing
> >> HEARTBEAT/HEARTBEAT_ACK learning and connection-reuse behavior for the
> >> `vtag == 0` cases.
> > 
> > Proposed patches to hardening the connection tracking state machine
> > should be targeted at nf-next.
> 
> I agree this is better treated as SCTP conntrack state-machine hardening.
> If you agree, I will respin the patch for nf-next without Fixes or stable Cc.

Yes, repurpose this patch to nf-next without Fixes tag and stable for review.

Thanks.