[LARTC] Flow direction?

["Leandro Stasi" <leanstasi@yahoo.com>]

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I don't understand how the flow goes in the traffic control.
Please helpme to understand, this is what I know.

I made this example:

tc qdisc add dev eth0 root handle 10: cbq bandwidth 10mbit avpkt 1000
tc class  add dev eth0 parent 10: classid 10:1 cbq bandwidth 10mbit rate
25kbit allot 1514 maxburst 20 avpkt 1000 bounded prio 3
tc filter   add dev eth0 parent 10: protocol ip prio 3 handle 1 fw classid
10:1
ipchains -A output -d 192.168.1.4/32 -m 1

and from what I can see here, the traffic flows like this:

 first from the firewall that mark the pakets (ipchains),

then to the filter that split traffic into clasess,

then to the cqb queue decipline,

and then out,


From what I understand the clasess have the rate limit, and the qdisc are
how the rate limit is acomplish.

I've attach an image from Werner Almesberger paper, and I mark what I don´t
understand.

Why there is a root qdisc?Why do I need it for?

What is the relationship with the inner qdisc?

Can I chose any qdisc for the inner qdisc?





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