[PATCH v5 bpf-next 6/8] selftests/bpf: add iterators tests

Andrii Nakryiko
2023-03-08T18:41:49Z

Add various tests for open-coded iterators. Some of them excercise
various possible coding patterns in C, some go down to low-level
assembly for more control over various conditions, especially invalid
ones.

We also make use of bpf_for(), bpf_for_each(), bpf_repeat() macros in
some of these tests.

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
---
.../testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/iters.c | 15 +
tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/bpf_misc.h | 1 +
tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/iters.c | 720 ++++++++++++++++++
.../selftests/bpf/progs/iters_looping.c | 163 ++++
.../selftests/bpf/progs/iters_state_safety.c | 426 +++++++++++
5 files changed, 1325 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/iters.c
create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/iters.c
create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/iters_looping.c
create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/iters_state_safety.c

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/iters.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/iters.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..414fb8d82145
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/iters.c
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/* Copyright (c) 2023 Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates. */
+
+#include <test_progs.h>
+
+#include "iters.skel.h"
+#include "iters_state_safety.skel.h"
+#include "iters_looping.skel.h"
+
+void test_iters(void)
+{
+ RUN_TESTS(iters_state_safety);
+ RUN_TESTS(iters_looping);
+ RUN_TESTS(iters);
+}
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/bpf_misc.h b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/bpf_misc.h
index 597688a188ae..43b154a639e7 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/bpf_misc.h
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/bpf_misc.h
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
#define __clobber_common "r0", "r1", "r2", "r3", "r4", "r5", "memory"
#define __imm(name) [name]"i"(name)
#define __imm_addr(name) [name]"i"(&name)
+#define __imm_ptr(name) [name]"p"(&name)

#if defined(__TARGET_ARCH_x86)
#define SYSCALL_WRAPPER 1
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/iters.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/iters.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..84e5dc10243c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/iters.c
@@ -0,0 +1,720 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/* Copyright (c) 2023 Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates. */
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <linux/bpf.h>
+#include <bpf/bpf_helpers.h>
+#include "bpf_misc.h"
+
+#define ARRAY_SIZE(x) (sizeof(x) / sizeof((x)[0]))
+
+static volatile int zero = 0;
+
+int my_pid;
+int arr[256];
+int small_arr[16] SEC(".data.small_arr");
+
+#ifdef REAL_TEST
+#define MY_PID_GUARD() if (my_pid != (bpf_get_current_pid_tgid() >> 32)) return 0
+#else
+#define MY_PID_GUARD() ({ })
+#endif
+
+SEC("?raw_tp")
+__failure __msg("math between map_value pointer and register with unbounded min value is not allowed")
+int iter_err_unsafe_c_loop(const void *ctx)
+{
+ struct bpf_iter_num it;
+ int *v, i = zero; /* obscure initial value of i */
+
+ MY_PID_GUARD();
+
+ bpf_iter_num_new(&it, 0, 1000);
+ while ((v = bpf_iter_num_next(&it))) {
+ i++;
+ }
+ bpf_iter_num_destroy(&it);
+
+ small_arr[i] = 123; /* invalid */
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+SEC("?raw_tp")
+__failure __msg("unbounded memory access")
+int iter_err_unsafe_asm_loop(const void *ctx)
+{
+ struct bpf_iter_num it;
+ int *v, i = 0;
+
+ MY_PID_GUARD();
+
+ asm volatile (
+ "r6 = %[zero];" /* iteration counter */
+ "r1 = %[it];" /* iterator state */
+ "r2 = 0;"
+ "r3 = 1000;"
+ "r4 = 1;"
+ "call %[bpf_iter_num_new];"
+ "loop:"
+ "r1 = %[it];"
+ "call %[bpf_iter_num_next];"
+ "if r0 == 0 goto out;"
+ "r6 += 1;"
+ "goto loop;"
+ "out:"
+ "r1 = %[it];"
+ "call %[bpf_iter_num_destroy];"
+ "r1 = %[small_arr];"
+ "r2 = r6;"
+ "r2 <<= 2;"
+ "r1 += r2;"
+ "*(u32 *)(r1 + 0) = r6;" /* invalid */
+ :
+ : [it]"r"(&it),
+ [small_arr]"p"(small_arr),
+ [zero]"p"(zero),
+ __imm(bpf_iter_num_new),
+ __imm(bpf_iter_num_next),
+ __imm(bpf_iter_num_destroy)
+ : __clobber_common, "r6"
+ );
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+SEC("raw_tp")
+__success
+int iter_while_loop(const void *ctx)
+{
+ struct bpf_iter_num it;
+ int *v, i;
+
+ MY_PID_GUARD();
+
+ bpf_iter_num_new(&it, 0, 3);
+ while ((v = bpf_iter_num_next(&it))) {
+ bpf_printk("ITER_BASIC: E1 VAL: v=%d", *v);
+ }
+ bpf_iter_num_destroy(&it);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+SEC("raw_tp")
+__success
+int iter_while_loop_auto_cleanup(const void *ctx)
+{
+ __attribute__((cleanup(bpf_iter_num_destroy))) struct bpf_iter_num it;
+ int *v, i;
+
+ MY_PID_GUARD();
+
+ bpf_iter_num_new(&it, 0, 3);
+ while ((v = bpf_iter_num_next(&it))) {
+ bpf_printk("ITER_BASIC: E1 VAL: v=%d", *v);
+ }
+ /* (!) no explicit bpf_iter_num_destroy() */
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+SEC("raw_tp")
+__success
+int iter_for_loop(const void *ctx)
+{
+ struct bpf_iter_num it;
+ int *v, i;
+
+ MY_PID_GUARD();
+
+ bpf_iter_num_new(&it, 5, 10);
+ for (v = bpf_iter_num_next(&it); v; v = bpf_iter_num_next(&it)) {
+ bpf_printk("ITER_BASIC: E2 VAL: v=%d", *v);
+ }
+ bpf_iter_num_destroy(&it);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+SEC("raw_tp")
+__success
+int iter_bpf_for_each_macro(const void *ctx)
+{
+ int *v;
+
+ MY_PID_GUARD();
+
+ bpf_for_each(num, v, 5, 10) {
+ bpf_printk("ITER_BASIC: E2 VAL: v=%d", *v);
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+SEC("raw_tp")
+__success
+int iter_bpf_for_macro(const void *ctx)
+{
+ int i;
+
+ MY_PID_GUARD();
+
+ bpf_for(i, 5, 10) {
+ bpf_printk("ITER_BASIC: E2 VAL: v=%d", i);
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+SEC("raw_tp")
+__success
+int iter_pragma_unroll_loop(const void *ctx)
+{
+ struct bpf_iter_num it;
+ int *v, i;
+
+ MY_PID_GUARD();
+
+ bpf_iter_num_new(&it, 0, 2);
+#pragma nounroll
+ for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+ v = bpf_iter_num_next(&it);
+ bpf_printk("ITER_BASIC: E3 VAL: i=%d v=%d", i, v ? *v : -1);
+ }
+ bpf_iter_num_destroy(&it);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+SEC("raw_tp")
+__success
+int iter_manual_unroll_loop(const void *ctx)
+{
+ struct bpf_iter_num it;
+ int *v, i;
+
+ MY_PID_GUARD();
+
+ bpf_iter_num_new(&it, 100, 200);
+ v = bpf_iter_num_next(&it);
+ bpf_printk("ITER_BASIC: E4 VAL: v=%d", v ? *v : -1);
+ v = bpf_iter_num_next(&it);
+ bpf_printk("ITER_BASIC: E4 VAL: v=%d", v ? *v : -1);
+ v = bpf_iter_num_next(&it);
+ bpf_printk("ITER_BASIC: E4 VAL: v=%d", v ? *v : -1);
+ v = bpf_iter_num_next(&it);
+ bpf_printk("ITER_BASIC: E4 VAL: v=%d\n", v ? *v : -1);
+ bpf_iter_num_destroy(&it);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+SEC("raw_tp")
+__success
+int iter_multiple_sequential_loops(const void *ctx)
+{
+ struct bpf_iter_num it;
+ int *v, i;
+
+ MY_PID_GUARD();
+
+ bpf_iter_num_new(&it, 0, 3);
+ while ((v = bpf_iter_num_next(&it))) {
+ bpf_printk("ITER_BASIC: E1 VAL: v=%d", *v);
+ }
+ bpf_iter_num_destroy(&it);
+
+ bpf_iter_num_new(&it, 5, 10);
+ for (v = bpf_iter_num_next(&it); v; v = bpf_iter_num_next(&it)) {
+ bpf_printk("ITER_BASIC: E2 VAL: v=%d", *v);
+ }
+ bpf_iter_num_destroy(&it);
+
+ bpf_iter_num_new(&it, 0, 2);
+#pragma nounroll
+ for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+ v = bpf_iter_num_next(&it);
+ bpf_printk("ITER_BASIC: E3 VAL: i=%d v=%d", i, v ? *v : -1);
+ }
+ bpf_iter_num_destroy(&it);
+
+ bpf_iter_num_new(&it, 100, 200);
+ v = bpf_iter_num_next(&it);
+ bpf_printk("ITER_BASIC: E4 VAL: v=%d", v ? *v : -1);
+ v = bpf_iter_num_next(&it);
+ bpf_printk("ITER_BASIC: E4 VAL: v=%d", v ? *v : -1);
+ v = bpf_iter_num_next(&it);
+ bpf_printk("ITER_BASIC: E4 VAL: v=%d", v ? *v : -1);
+ v = bpf_iter_num_next(&it);
+ bpf_printk("ITER_BASIC: E4 VAL: v=%d\n", v ? *v : -1);
+ bpf_iter_num_destroy(&it);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+SEC("raw_tp")
+__success
+int iter_limit_cond_break_loop(const void *ctx)
+{
+ struct bpf_iter_num it;
+ int *v, i = 0, sum = 0;
+
+ MY_PID_GUARD();
+
+ bpf_iter_num_new(&it, 0, 10);
+ while ((v = bpf_iter_num_next(&it))) {
+ bpf_printk("ITER_SIMPLE: i=%d v=%d", i, *v);
+ sum += *v;
+
+ i++;
+ if (i > 3)
+ break;
+ }
+ bpf_iter_num_destroy(&it);
+
+ bpf_printk("ITER_SIMPLE: sum=%d\n", sum);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+SEC("raw_tp")
+__success
+int iter_obfuscate_counter(const void *ctx)
+{
+ struct bpf_iter_num it;
+ int *v, sum = 0;
+ /* Make i's initial value unknowable for verifier to prevent it from
+ * pruning if/else branch inside the loop body and marking i as precise.
+ */
+ int i = zero;
+
+ MY_PID_GUARD();
+
+ bpf_iter_num_new(&it, 0, 10);
+ while ((v = bpf_iter_num_next(&it))) {
+ int x;
+
+ i += 1;
+
+ /* If we initialized i as `int i = 0;` above, verifier would
+ * track that i becomes 1 on first iteration after increment
+ * above, and here verifier would eagerly prune else branch
+ * and mark i as precise, ruining open-coded iterator logic
+ * completely, as each next iteration would have a different
+ * *precise* value of i, and thus there would be no
+ * convergence of state. This would result in reaching maximum
+ * instruction limit, no matter what the limit is.
+ */
+ if (i == 1)
+ x = 123;
+ else
+ x = i * 3 + 1;
+
+ bpf_printk("ITER_OBFUSCATE_COUNTER: i=%d v=%d x=%d", i, *v, x);
+
+ sum += x;
+ }
+ bpf_iter_num_destroy(&it);
+
+ bpf_printk("ITER_OBFUSCATE_COUNTER: sum=%d\n", sum);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+SEC("raw_tp")
+__success
+int iter_search_loop(const void *ctx)
+{
+ struct bpf_iter_num it;
+ int *v, *elem = NULL;
+ bool found = false;
+
+ MY_PID_GUARD();
+
+ bpf_iter_num_new(&it, 0, 10);
+
+ while ((v = bpf_iter_num_next(&it))) {
+ bpf_printk("ITER_SEARCH_LOOP: v=%d", *v);
+
+ if (*v == 2) {
+ found = true;
+ elem = v;
+ barrier_var(elem);
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* should fail to verify if bpf_iter_num_destroy() is here */
+
+ if (found)
+ /* here found element will be wrong, we should have copied
+ * value to a variable, but here we want to make sure we can
+ * access memory after the loop anyways
+ */
+ bpf_printk("ITER_SEARCH_LOOP: FOUND IT = %d!\n", *elem);
+ else
+ bpf_printk("ITER_SEARCH_LOOP: NOT FOUND IT!\n");
+
+ bpf_iter_num_destroy(&it);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+SEC("raw_tp")
+__success
+int iter_array_fill(const void *ctx)
+{
+ int sum, i;
+
+ MY_PID_GUARD();
+
+ bpf_for(i, 0, ARRAY_SIZE(arr)) {
+ arr[i] = i * 2;
+ }
+
+ sum = 0;
+ bpf_for(i, 0, ARRAY_SIZE(arr)) {
+ sum += arr[i];
+ }
+
+ bpf_printk("ITER_ARRAY_FILL: sum=%d (should be %d)\n", sum, 255 * 256);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int arr2d[4][5];
+static int arr2d_row_sums[4];
+static int arr2d_col_sums[5];
+
+SEC("raw_tp")
+__success
+int iter_nested_iters(const void *ctx)
+{
+ int sum, row, col;
+
+ MY_PID_GUARD();
+
+ bpf_for(row, 0, ARRAY_SIZE(arr2d)) {
+ bpf_for( col, 0, ARRAY_SIZE(arr2d[0])) {
+ arr2d[row][col] = row * col;
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* zero-initialize sums */
+ sum = 0;
+ bpf_for(row, 0, ARRAY_SIZE(arr2d)) {
+ arr2d_row_sums[row] = 0;
+ }
+ bpf_for(col, 0, ARRAY_SIZE(arr2d[0])) {
+ arr2d_col_sums[col] = 0;
+ }
+
+ /* calculate sums */
+ bpf_for(row, 0, ARRAY_SIZE(arr2d)) {
+ bpf_for(col, 0, ARRAY_SIZE(arr2d[0])) {
+ sum += arr2d[row][col];
+ arr2d_row_sums[row] += arr2d[row][col];
+ arr2d_col_sums[col] += arr2d[row][col];
+ }
+ }
+
+ bpf_printk("ITER_NESTED_ITERS: total sum=%d", sum);
+ bpf_for(row, 0, ARRAY_SIZE(arr2d)) {
+ bpf_printk("ITER_NESTED_ITERS: row #%d sum=%d", row, arr2d_row_sums[row]);
+ }
+ bpf_for(col, 0, ARRAY_SIZE(arr2d[0])) {
+ bpf_printk("ITER_NESTED_ITERS: col #%d sum=%d%s",
+ col, arr2d_col_sums[col],
+ col == ARRAY_SIZE(arr2d[0]) - 1 ? "\n" : "");
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+SEC("raw_tp")
+__success
+int iter_nested_deeply_iters(const void *ctx)
+{
+ int sum = 0;
+
+ MY_PID_GUARD();
+
+ bpf_repeat(10) {
+ bpf_repeat(10) {
+ bpf_repeat(10) {
+ bpf_repeat(10) {
+ bpf_repeat(10) {
+ sum += 1;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ /* validate that we can break from inside bpf_repeat() */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ return sum;
+}
+
+static __noinline void fill_inner_dimension(int row)
+{
+ int col;
+
+ bpf_for(col, 0, ARRAY_SIZE(arr2d[0])) {
+ arr2d[row][col] = row * col;
+ }
+}
+
+static __noinline int sum_inner_dimension(int row)
+{
+ int sum = 0, col;
+
+ bpf_for(col, 0, ARRAY_SIZE(arr2d[0])) {
+ sum += arr2d[row][col];
+ arr2d_row_sums[row] += arr2d[row][col];
+ arr2d_col_sums[col] += arr2d[row][col];
+ }
+
+ return sum;
+}
+
+SEC("raw_tp")
+__success
+int iter_subprog_iters(const void *ctx)
+{
+ int sum, row, col;
+
+ MY_PID_GUARD();
+
+ bpf_for(row, 0, ARRAY_SIZE(arr2d)) {
+ fill_inner_dimension(row);
+ }
+
+ /* zero-initialize sums */
+ sum = 0;
+ bpf_for(row, 0, ARRAY_SIZE(arr2d)) {
+ arr2d_row_sums[row] = 0;
+ }
+ bpf_for(col, 0, ARRAY_SIZE(arr2d[0])) {
+ arr2d_col_sums[col] = 0;
+ }
+
+ /* calculate sums */
+ bpf_for(row, 0, ARRAY_SIZE(arr2d)) {
+ sum += sum_inner_dimension(row);
+ }
+
+ bpf_printk("ITER_SUBPROG_ITERS: total sum=%d", sum);
+ bpf_for(row, 0, ARRAY_SIZE(arr2d)) {
+ bpf_printk("ITER_SUBPROG_ITERS: row #%d sum=%d",
+ row, arr2d_row_sums[row]);
+ }
+ bpf_for(col, 0, ARRAY_SIZE(arr2d[0])) {
+ bpf_printk("ITER_SUBPROG_ITERS: col #%d sum=%d%s",
+ col, arr2d_col_sums[col],
+ col == ARRAY_SIZE(arr2d[0]) - 1 ? "\n" : "");
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+struct {
+ __uint(type, BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY);
+ __type(key, int);
+ __type(value, int);
+ __uint(max_entries, 1000);
+} arr_map SEC(".maps");
+
+SEC("?raw_tp")
+__failure __msg("invalid mem access 'scalar'")
+int iter_err_too_permissive1(const void *ctx)
+{
+ int *map_val = NULL;
+ int key = 0;
+
+ MY_PID_GUARD();
+
+ map_val = bpf_map_lookup_elem(&arr_map, &key);
+ if (!map_val)
+ return 0;
+
+ bpf_repeat(1000000) {
+ map_val = NULL;
+ }
+
+ *map_val = 123;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+SEC("?raw_tp")
+__failure __msg("invalid mem access 'map_value_or_null'")
+int iter_err_too_permissive2(const void *ctx)
+{
+ int *map_val = NULL;
+ int key = 0;
+
+ MY_PID_GUARD();
+
+ map_val = bpf_map_lookup_elem(&arr_map, &key);
+ if (!map_val)
+ return 0;
+
+ bpf_repeat(1000000) {
+ map_val = bpf_map_lookup_elem(&arr_map, &key);
+ }
+
+ *map_val = 123;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+SEC("?raw_tp")
+__failure __msg("invalid mem access 'map_value_or_null'")
+int iter_err_too_permissive3(const void *ctx)
+{
+ int *map_val = NULL;
+ int key = 0;
+ bool found = false;
+
+ MY_PID_GUARD();
+
+ bpf_repeat(1000000) {
+ map_val = bpf_map_lookup_elem(&arr_map, &key);
+ found = true;
+ }
+
+ if (found)
+ *map_val = 123;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+SEC("raw_tp")
+__success
+int iter_tricky_but_fine(const void *ctx)
+{
+ int *map_val = NULL;
+ int key = 0;
+ bool found = false;
+
+ MY_PID_GUARD();
+
+ bpf_repeat(1000000) {
+ map_val = bpf_map_lookup_elem(&arr_map, &key);
+ if (map_val) {
+ found = true;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (found)
+ *map_val = 123;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+#define __bpf_memzero(p, sz) bpf_probe_read_kernel((p), (sz), 0)
+
+SEC("raw_tp")
+__success
+int iter_stack_array_loop(const void *ctx)
+{
+ long arr1[16], arr2[16], sum = 0;
+ int *v, i;
+
+ MY_PID_GUARD();
+
+ /* zero-init arr1 and arr2 in such a way that verifier doesn't know
+ * it's all zeros; if we don't do that, we'll make BPF verifier track
+ * all combination of zero/non-zero stack slots for arr1/arr2, which
+ * will lead to O(2^(ARRAY_SIZE(arr1)+ARRAY_SIZE(arr2))) different
+ * states
+ */
+ __bpf_memzero(arr1, sizeof(arr1));
+ __bpf_memzero(arr2, sizeof(arr1));
+
+ /* validate that we can break and continue when using bpf_for() */
+ bpf_for(i, 0, ARRAY_SIZE(arr1)) {
+ if (i & 1) {
+ arr1[i] = i;
+ continue;
+ } else {
+ arr2[i] = i;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ bpf_for(i, 0, ARRAY_SIZE(arr1)) {
+ sum += arr1[i] + arr2[i];
+ }
+
+ return sum;
+}
+
+static __noinline void fill(struct bpf_iter_num *it, int *arr, __u32 n, int mul)
+{
+ int *t, i;
+
+ while ((t = bpf_iter_num_next(it))) {
+ i = *t;
+ if (i >= n)
+ break;
+ arr[i] = i * mul;
+ }
+}
+
+static __noinline int sum(struct bpf_iter_num *it, int *arr, __u32 n)
+{
+ int *t, i, sum = 0;;
+
+ while ((t = bpf_iter_num_next(it))) {
+ i = *t;
+ if (i >= n)
+ break;
+ sum += arr[i];
+ }
+
+ return sum;
+}
+
+SEC("raw_tp")
+__success
+int iter_pass_iter_ptr_to_subprog(const void *ctx)
+{
+ int arr1[16], arr2[32];
+ struct bpf_iter_num it;
+ int n, sum1, sum2;
+
+ MY_PID_GUARD();
+
+ /* fill arr1 */
+ n = ARRAY_SIZE(arr1);
+ bpf_iter_num_new(&it, 0, n);
+ fill(&it, arr1, n, 2);
+ bpf_iter_num_destroy(&it);
+
+ /* fill arr2 */
+ n = ARRAY_SIZE(arr2);
+ bpf_iter_num_new(&it, 0, n);
+ fill(&it, arr2, n, 10);
+ bpf_iter_num_destroy(&it);
+
+ /* sum arr1 */
+ n = ARRAY_SIZE(arr1);
+ bpf_iter_num_new(&it, 0, n);
+ sum1 = sum(&it, arr1, n);
+ bpf_iter_num_destroy(&it);
+
+ /* sum arr2 */
+ n = ARRAY_SIZE(arr2);
+ bpf_iter_num_new(&it, 0, n);
+ sum2 = sum(&it, arr2, n);
+ bpf_iter_num_destroy(&it);
+
+ bpf_printk("sum1=%d, sum2=%d", sum1, sum2);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+char _license[] SEC("license") = "GPL";
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/iters_looping.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/iters_looping.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..05fa5ce7fc59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/iters_looping.c
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/* Copyright (c) 2023 Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates. */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <linux/bpf.h>
+#include <bpf/bpf_helpers.h>
+#include "bpf_misc.h"
+
+char _license[] SEC("license") = "GPL";
+
+#define ITER_HELPERS \
+ __imm(bpf_iter_num_new), \
+ __imm(bpf_iter_num_next), \
+ __imm(bpf_iter_num_destroy)
+
+SEC("?raw_tp")
+__success
+int force_clang_to_emit_btf_for_externs(void *ctx)
+{
+ /* we need this as a workaround to enforce compiler emitting BTF
+ * information for bpf_iter_num_{new,next,destroy}() kfuncs,
+ * as, apparently, it doesn't emit it for symbols only referenced from
+ * assembly (or cleanup attribute, for that matter, as well)
+ */
+ bpf_repeat(0);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+SEC("?raw_tp")
+__success
+int consume_first_item_only(void *ctx)
+{
+ struct bpf_iter_num iter;
+
+ asm volatile (
+ /* create iterator */
+ "r1 = %[iter];"
+ "r2 = 0;"
+ "r3 = 1000;"
+ "call %[bpf_iter_num_new];"
+
+ /* consume first item */
+ "r1 = %[iter];"
+ "call %[bpf_iter_num_next];"
+
+ "if r0 == 0 goto +1;"
+ "r0 = *(u32 *)(r0 + 0);"
+
+ /* destroy iterator */
+ "r1 = %[iter];"
+ "call %[bpf_iter_num_destroy];"
+ :
+ : __imm_ptr(iter), ITER_HELPERS
+ : __clobber_common
+ );
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+SEC("?raw_tp")
+__failure __msg("R0 invalid mem access 'scalar'")
+int missing_null_check_fail(void *ctx)
+{
+ struct bpf_iter_num iter;
+
+ asm volatile (
+ /* create iterator */
+ "r1 = %[iter];"
+ "r2 = 0;"
+ "r3 = 1000;"
+ "call %[bpf_iter_num_new];"
+
+ /* consume first element */
+ "r1 = %[iter];"
+ "call %[bpf_iter_num_next];"
+
+ /* FAIL: deref with no NULL check */
+ "r1 = *(u32 *)(r0 + 0);"
+
+ /* destroy iterator */
+ "r1 = %[iter];"
+ "call %[bpf_iter_num_destroy];"
+ :
+ : __imm_ptr(iter), ITER_HELPERS
+ : __clobber_common
+ );
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+SEC("?raw_tp")
+__failure
+__msg("invalid access to memory, mem_size=4 off=0 size=8")
+__msg("R0 min value is outside of the allowed memory range")
+int wrong_sized_read_fail(void *ctx)
+{
+ struct bpf_iter_num iter;
+
+ asm volatile (
+ /* create iterator */
+ "r1 = %[iter];"
+ "r2 = 0;"
+ "r3 = 1000;"
+ "call %[bpf_iter_num_new];"
+
+ /* consume first element */
+ "r1 = %[iter];"
+ "call %[bpf_iter_num_next];"
+
+ "if r0 == 0 goto +1;"
+ /* FAIL: deref more than available 4 bytes */
+ "r0 = *(u64 *)(r0 + 0);"
+
+ /* destroy iterator */
+ "r1 = %[iter];"
+ "call %[bpf_iter_num_destroy];"
+ :
+ : __imm_ptr(iter), ITER_HELPERS
+ : __clobber_common
+ );
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+SEC("?raw_tp")
+__success __log_level(2)
+__flag(BPF_F_TEST_STATE_FREQ)
+int simplest_loop(void *ctx)
+{
+ struct bpf_iter_num iter;
+
+ asm volatile (
+ "r6 = 0;" /* init sum */
+
+ /* create iterator */
+ "r1 = %[iter];"
+ "r2 = 0;"
+ "r3 = 10;"
+ "call %[bpf_iter_num_new];"
+
+ "1:"
+ /* consume next item */
+ "r1 = %[iter];"
+ "call %[bpf_iter_num_next];"
+
+ "if r0 == 0 goto 2f;"
+ "r0 = *(u32 *)(r0 + 0);"
+ "r6 += r0;" /* accumulate sum */
+ "goto 1b;"
+
+ "2:"
+ /* destroy iterator */
+ "r1 = %[iter];"
+ "call %[bpf_iter_num_destroy];"
+ :
+ : __imm_ptr(iter), ITER_HELPERS
+ : __clobber_common, "r6"
+ );
+
+ return 0;
+}
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/iters_state_safety.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/iters_state_safety.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d47e59aba6de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/iters_state_safety.c
@@ -0,0 +1,426 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/* Copyright (c) 2022 Facebook */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <linux/bpf.h>
+#include <bpf/bpf_helpers.h>
+#include "bpf_misc.h"
+
+char _license[] SEC("license") = "GPL";
+
+#define ITER_HELPERS \
+ __imm(bpf_iter_num_new), \
+ __imm(bpf_iter_num_next), \
+ __imm(bpf_iter_num_destroy)
+
+SEC("?raw_tp")
+__success
+int force_clang_to_emit_btf_for_externs(void *ctx)
+{
+ /* we need this as a workaround to enforce compiler emitting BTF
+ * information for bpf_iter_num_{new,next,destroy}() kfuncs,
+ * as, apparently, it doesn't emit it for symbols only referenced from
+ * assembly (or cleanup attribute, for that matter, as well)
+ */
+ bpf_repeat(0);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+SEC("?raw_tp")
+__success __log_level(2)
+__msg("fp-8_w=iter_num(ref_id=1,state=active,depth=0)")
+int create_and_destroy(void *ctx)
+{
+ struct bpf_iter_num iter;
+
+ asm volatile (
+ /* create iterator */
+ "r1 = %[iter];"
+ "r2 = 0;"
+ "r3 = 1000;"
+ "call %[bpf_iter_num_new];"
+ /* destroy iterator */
+ "r1 = %[iter];"
+ "call %[bpf_iter_num_destroy];"
+ :
+ : __imm_ptr(iter), ITER_HELPERS
+ : __clobber_common
+ );
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+SEC("?raw_tp")
+__failure __msg("Unreleased reference id=1")
+int create_and_forget_to_destroy_fail(void *ctx)
+{
+ struct bpf_iter_num iter;
+
+ asm volatile (
+ /* create iterator */
+ "r1 = %[iter];"
+ "r2 = 0;"
+ "r3 = 1000;"
+ "call %[bpf_iter_num_new];"
+ :
+ : __imm_ptr(iter), ITER_HELPERS
+ : __clobber_common
+ );
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+SEC("?raw_tp")
+__failure __msg("expected an initialized iter_num as arg #1")
+int destroy_without_creating_fail(void *ctx)
+{
+ /* init with zeros to stop verifier complaining about uninit stack */
+ struct bpf_iter_num iter;
+
+ asm volatile (
+ "r1 = %[iter];"
+ "call %[bpf_iter_num_destroy];"
+ :
+ : __imm_ptr(iter), ITER_HELPERS
+ : __clobber_common
+ );
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+SEC("?raw_tp")
+__failure __msg("expected an initialized iter_num as arg #1")
+int compromise_iter_w_direct_write_fail(void *ctx)
+{
+ struct bpf_iter_num iter;
+
+ asm volatile (
+ /* create iterator */
+ "r1 = %[iter];"
+ "r2 = 0;"
+ "r3 = 1000;"
+ "call %[bpf_iter_num_new];"
+
+ /* directly write over first half of iter state */
+ "*(u64 *)(%[iter] + 0) = r0;"
+
+ /* (attempt to) destroy iterator */
+ "r1 = %[iter];"
+ "call %[bpf_iter_num_destroy];"
+ :
+ : __imm_ptr(iter), ITER_HELPERS
+ : __clobber_common
+ );
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+SEC("?raw_tp")
+__failure __msg("Unreleased reference id=1")
+int compromise_iter_w_direct_write_and_skip_destroy_fail(void *ctx)
+{
+ struct bpf_iter_num iter;
+
+ asm volatile (
+ /* create iterator */
+ "r1 = %[iter];"
+ "r2 = 0;"
+ "r3 = 1000;"
+ "call %[bpf_iter_num_new];"
+
+ /* directly write over first half of iter state */
+ "*(u64 *)(%[iter] + 0) = r0;"
+
+ /* don't destroy iter, leaking ref, which should fail */
+ :
+ : __imm_ptr(iter), ITER_HELPERS
+ : __clobber_common
+ );
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+SEC("?raw_tp")
+__failure __msg("expected an initialized iter_num as arg #1")
+int compromise_iter_w_helper_write_fail(void *ctx)
+{
+ struct bpf_iter_num iter;
+
+ asm volatile (
+ /* create iterator */
+ "r1 = %[iter];"
+ "r2 = 0;"
+ "r3 = 1000;"
+ "call %[bpf_iter_num_new];"
+
+ /* overwrite 8th byte with bpf_probe_read_kernel() */
+ "r1 = %[iter];"
+ "r1 += 7;"
+ "r2 = 1;"
+ "r3 = 0;" /* NULL */
+ "call %[bpf_probe_read_kernel];"
+
+ /* (attempt to) destroy iterator */
+ "r1 = %[iter];"
+ "call %[bpf_iter_num_destroy];"
+ :
+ : __imm_ptr(iter), ITER_HELPERS, __imm(bpf_probe_read_kernel)
+ : __clobber_common
+ );
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static __noinline void subprog_with_iter(void)
+{
+ struct bpf_iter_num iter;
+
+ bpf_iter_num_new(&iter, 0, 1);
+
+ return;
+}
+
+SEC("?raw_tp")
+__failure
+/* ensure there was a call to subprog, which might happen without __noinline */
+__msg("returning from callee:")
+__msg("Unreleased reference id=1")
+int leak_iter_from_subprog_fail(void *ctx)
+{
+ subprog_with_iter();
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+SEC("?raw_tp")
+__success __log_level(2)
+__msg("fp-8_w=iter_num(ref_id=1,state=active,depth=0)")
+int valid_stack_reuse(void *ctx)
+{
+ struct bpf_iter_num iter;
+
+ asm volatile (
+ /* create iterator */
+ "r1 = %[iter];"
+ "r2 = 0;"
+ "r3 = 1000;"
+ "call %[bpf_iter_num_new];"
+ /* destroy iterator */
+ "r1 = %[iter];"
+ "call %[bpf_iter_num_destroy];"
+
+ /* now reuse same stack slots */
+
+ /* create iterator */
+ "r1 = %[iter];"
+ "r2 = 0;"
+ "r3 = 1000;"
+ "call %[bpf_iter_num_new];"
+ /* destroy iterator */
+ "r1 = %[iter];"
+ "call %[bpf_iter_num_destroy];"
+ :
+ : __imm_ptr(iter), ITER_HELPERS
+ : __clobber_common
+ );
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+SEC("?raw_tp")
+__failure __msg("expected uninitialized iter_num as arg #1")
+int double_create_fail(void *ctx)
+{
+ struct bpf_iter_num iter;
+
+ asm volatile (
+ /* create iterator */
+ "r1 = %[iter];"
+ "r2 = 0;"
+ "r3 = 1000;"
+ "call %[bpf_iter_num_new];"
+ /* (attempt to) create iterator again */
+ "r1 = %[iter];"
+ "r2 = 0;"
+ "r3 = 1000;"
+ "call %[bpf_iter_num_new];"
+ /* destroy iterator */
+ "r1 = %[iter];"
+ "call %[bpf_iter_num_destroy];"
+ :
+ : __imm_ptr(iter), ITER_HELPERS
+ : __clobber_common
+ );
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+SEC("?raw_tp")
+__failure __msg("expected an initialized iter_num as arg #1")
+int double_destroy_fail(void *ctx)
+{
+ struct bpf_iter_num iter;
+
+ asm volatile (
+ /* create iterator */
+ "r1 = %[iter];"
+ "r2 = 0;"
+ "r3 = 1000;"
+ "call %[bpf_iter_num_new];"
+ /* destroy iterator */
+ "r1 = %[iter];"
+ "call %[bpf_iter_num_destroy];"
+ /* (attempt to) destroy iterator again */
+ "r1 = %[iter];"
+ "call %[bpf_iter_num_destroy];"
+ :
+ : __imm_ptr(iter), ITER_HELPERS
+ : __clobber_common
+ );
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+SEC("?raw_tp")
+__failure __msg("expected an initialized iter_num as arg #1")
+int next_without_new_fail(void *ctx)
+{
+ struct bpf_iter_num iter;
+
+ asm volatile (
+ /* don't create iterator and try to iterate*/
+ "r1 = %[iter];"
+ "call %[bpf_iter_num_next];"
+ /* destroy iterator */
+ "r1 = %[iter];"
+ "call %[bpf_iter_num_destroy];"
+ :
+ : __imm_ptr(iter), ITER_HELPERS
+ : __clobber_common
+ );
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+SEC("?raw_tp")
+__failure __msg("expected an initialized iter_num as arg #1")
+int next_after_destroy_fail(void *ctx)
+{
+ struct bpf_iter_num iter;
+
+ asm volatile (
+ /* create iterator */
+ "r1 = %[iter];"
+ "r2 = 0;"
+ "r3 = 1000;"
+ "call %[bpf_iter_num_new];"
+ /* destroy iterator */
+ "r1 = %[iter];"
+ "call %[bpf_iter_num_destroy];"
+ /* don't create iterator and try to iterate*/
+ "r1 = %[iter];"
+ "call %[bpf_iter_num_next];"
+ :
+ : __imm_ptr(iter), ITER_HELPERS
+ : __clobber_common
+ );
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+SEC("?raw_tp")
+__failure __msg("invalid read from stack")
+int __naked read_from_iter_slot_fail(void)
+{
+ asm volatile (
+ /* r6 points to struct bpf_iter_num on the stack */
+ "r6 = r10;"
+ "r6 += -24;"
+
+ /* create iterator */
+ "r1 = r6;"
+ "r2 = 0;"
+ "r3 = 1000;"
+ "call %[bpf_iter_num_new];"
+
+ /* attemp to leak bpf_iter_num state */
+ "r7 = *(u64 *)(r6 + 0);"
+ "r8 = *(u64 *)(r6 + 8);"
+
+ /* destroy iterator */
+ "r1 = r6;"
+ "call %[bpf_iter_num_destroy];"
+
+ /* leak bpf_iter_num state */
+ "r0 = r7;"
+ "if r7 > r8 goto +1;"
+ "r0 = r8;"
+ "exit;"
+ :
+ : ITER_HELPERS
+ : __clobber_common, "r6", "r7", "r8"
+ );
+}
+
+int zero;
+
+SEC("?raw_tp")
+__failure
+__flag(BPF_F_TEST_STATE_FREQ)
+__msg("Unreleased reference")
+int stacksafe_should_not_conflate_stack_spill_and_iter(void *ctx)
+{
+ struct bpf_iter_num iter;
+
+ asm volatile (
+ /* Create a fork in logic, with general setup as follows:
+ * - fallthrough (first) path is valid;
+ * - branch (second) path is invalid.
+ * Then depending on what we do in fallthrough vs branch path,
+ * we try to detect bugs in func_states_equal(), regsafe(),
+ * refsafe(), stack_safe(), and similar by tricking verifier
+ * into believing that branch state is a valid subset of
+ * a fallthrough state. Verifier should reject overall
+ * validation, unless there is a bug somewhere in verifier
+ * logic.
+ */
+ "call %[bpf_get_prandom_u32];"
+ "r6 = r0;"
+ "call %[bpf_get_prandom_u32];"
+ "r7 = r0;"
+
+ "if r6 > r7 goto bad;" /* fork */
+
+ /* spill r6 into stack slot of bpf_iter_num var */
+ "*(u64 *)(%[iter] + 0) = r6;"
+
+ "goto skip_bad;"
+
+ "bad:"
+ /* create iterator in the same stack slot */
+ "r1 = %[iter];"
+ "r2 = 0;"
+ "r3 = 1000;"
+ "call %[bpf_iter_num_new];"
+
+ /* but then forget about it and overwrite it back to r6 spill */
+ "*(u64 *)(%[iter] + 0) = r6;"
+
+ "skip_bad:"
+ "goto +0;" /* force checkpoint */
+
+ /* corrupt stack slots, if they are really dynptr */
+ "*(u64 *)(%[iter] + 0) = r6;"
+ :
+ : __imm_ptr(iter),
+ __imm_addr(zero),
+ __imm(bpf_get_prandom_u32),
+ __imm(bpf_dynptr_from_mem),
+ ITER_HELPERS
+ : __clobber_common, "r6", "r7"
+ );
+
+ return 0;
+}
--
2.34.1