[PATCH bpf-next 2/5] selftests/bpf: adjust dummy_st_ops_success to detect additional error

[Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>]

As reported by Jose E. Marchesi in off-list discussion, GCC and LLVM
generate slightly different code for dummy_st_ops_success/test_1():

  SEC("struct_ops/test_1")
  int BPF_PROG(test_1, struct bpf_dummy_ops_state *state)
  {
  	int ret;

  	if (!state)
  		return 0xf2f3f4f5;

  	ret = state->val;
  	state->val = 0x5a;
  	return ret;
  }

  GCC-generated                  LLVM-generated
  ----------------------------   ---------------------------
  0: r1 = *(u64 *)(r1 + 0x0)     0: w0 = -0xd0c0b0b
  1: if r1 == 0x0 goto 5f        1: r1 = *(u64 *)(r1 + 0x0)
  2: r0 = *(s32 *)(r1 + 0x0)     2: if r1 == 0x0 goto 6f
  3: *(u32 *)(r1 + 0x0) = 0x5a   3: r0 = *(u32 *)(r1 + 0x0)
  4: exit                        4: w2 = 0x5a
  5: r0 = -0xd0c0b0b             5: *(u32 *)(r1 + 0x0) = r2
  6: exit                        6: exit

If the 'state' argument is not marked as nullable in
net/bpf/bpf_dummy_struct_ops.c, the verifier would assume that
'r1 == 0x0' is never true:
- for the GCC version, this means that instructions #5-6 would be
  marked as dead and removed;
- for the LLVM version, all instructions would be marked as live.

The test dummy_st_ops/dummy_init_ret_value actually sets the 'state'
parameter to NULL.

Therefore, when the 'state' argument is not marked as nullable,
the GCC-generated version of the code would trigger a NULL pointer
dereference at instruction #3.

This patch updates the test_1() test case to always follow a shape
similar to the GCC-generated version above, in order to verify whether
the 'state' nullability is marked correctly.

Reported-by: Jose E. Marchesi <jemarch@gnu.org>
Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
---
 .../selftests/bpf/progs/dummy_st_ops_success.c      | 13 +++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/dummy_st_ops_success.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/dummy_st_ops_success.c
index 1efa746c25dc..cc7b69b001aa 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/dummy_st_ops_success.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/dummy_st_ops_success.c
@@ -11,8 +11,17 @@ int BPF_PROG(test_1, struct bpf_dummy_ops_state *state)
 {
 	int ret;
 
-	if (!state)
-		return 0xf2f3f4f5;
+	/* Check that 'state' nullable status is detected correctly.
+	 * If 'state' argument would be assumed non-null by verifier
+	 * the code below would be deleted as dead (which it shouldn't).
+	 * Hide it from the compiler behind 'asm' block to avoid
+	 * unnecessary optimizations.
+	 */
+	asm volatile (
+		"if %[state] != 0 goto +2;"
+		"r0 = 0xf2f3f4f5;"
+		"exit;"
+	::[state]"p"(state));
 
 	ret = state->val;
 	state->val = 0x5a;
-- 
2.34.1