[PATCH 16/20] function_graph: Implement fgraph_reserve_data() and fgraph_retrieve_data()

Steven Rostedt
2024-05-25T02:36:55Z

From: "Steven Rostedt (VMware)" <rostedt@goodmis.org>

Added functions that can be called by a fgraph_ops entryfunc and retfunc to
store state between the entry of the function being traced to the exit of
the same function. The fgraph_ops entryfunc() may call
fgraph_reserve_data() to store up to 32 words onto the task's shadow
ret_stack and this then can be retrieved by fgraph_retrieve_data() called
by the corresponding retfunc().

Co-developed with Masami Hiramatsu:
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-trace-kernel/171509109089.162236.11372474169781184034.stgit@devnote2

Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
---
include/linux/ftrace.h | 3 +
kernel/trace/fgraph.c | 196 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
2 files changed, 190 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/ftrace.h b/include/linux/ftrace.h
index 80eb1ab3cae3..1f6a6dc1e140 100644
--- a/include/linux/ftrace.h
+++ b/include/linux/ftrace.h
@@ -1046,6 +1046,9 @@ struct fgraph_ops {
int idx;
};

+void *fgraph_reserve_data(int idx, int size_bytes);
+void *fgraph_retrieve_data(int idx, int *size_bytes);
+
/*
* Stack of return addresses for functions
* of a thread.
diff --git a/kernel/trace/fgraph.c b/kernel/trace/fgraph.c
index 0d536a48f696..4d503b3e45ad 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/fgraph.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/fgraph.c
@@ -32,12 +32,11 @@
* holds a bitmask and a type (called "bitmap"). The bitmap is defined as:
*
* bits: 0 - 9 offset in words from the previous ftrace_ret_stack
- * Currently, this will always be set to FGRAPH_FRAME_OFFSET
- * to get to the fgraph frame.
*
* bits: 10 - 11 Type of storage
* 0 - reserved
* 1 - bitmap of fgraph_array index
+ * 2 - reserved data
*
* For type with "bitmap of fgraph_array index" (FGRAPH_TYPE_BITMAP):
* bits: 12 - 27 The bitmap of fgraph_ops fgraph_array index
@@ -50,10 +49,15 @@
* The top of the ret_stack (when not empty) will always have a reference
* word that points to the last fgraph frame that was saved.
*
+ * For reserved data:
+ * bits: 12 - 17 The size in words that is stored
+ * bits: 18 - 23 The index of fgraph_array, which shows who is stored
+ *
* That is, at the end of function_graph_enter, if the first and forth
* fgraph_ops on the fgraph_array[] (index 0 and 3) needs their retfunc called
- * on the return of the function being traced, this is what will be on the
- * task's shadow ret_stack: (the stack grows upward)
+ * on the return of the function being traced, and the forth fgraph_ops
+ * stored two words of data, this is what will be on the task's shadow
+ * ret_stack: (the stack grows upward)
*
* ret_stack[SHADOW_STACK_OFFSET]
* | SHADOW_STACK_TASK_VARS(ret_stack)[15] |
@@ -63,11 +67,21 @@
* ...
* | | <- task->curr_ret_stack
* +--------------------------------------------+
+ * | (3 << 12) | (3 << 10) | FGRAPH_FRAME_OFFSET|
+ * | *or put another way* |
+ * | (3 << FGRAPH_DATA_INDEX_SHIFT)| \ | This is for fgraph_ops[3].
+ * | ((2 - 1) << FGRAPH_DATA_SHIFT)| \ | The data size is 2 words.
+ * | (FGRAPH_TYPE_DATA << FGRAPH_TYPE_SHIFT)| \ |
+ * | (offset2:FGRAPH_FRAME_OFFSET+3) | <- the offset2 is from here
+ * +--------------------------------------------+ ( It is 4 words from the ret_stack)
+ * | STORED DATA WORD 2 |
+ * | STORED DATA WORD 1 |
+ * +--------------------------------------------+
* | (9 << 12) | (1 << 10) | FGRAPH_FRAME_OFFSET|
* | *or put another way* |
* | (BIT(3)|BIT(0)) << FGRAPH_INDEX_SHIFT | \ |
* | FGRAPH_TYPE_BITMAP << FGRAPH_TYPE_SHIFT| \ |
- * | (offset:FGRAPH_FRAME_OFFSET) | <- the offset is from here
+ * | (offset1:FGRAPH_FRAME_OFFSET) | <- the offset1 is from here
* +--------------------------------------------+
* | struct ftrace_ret_stack |
* | (stores the saved ret pointer) | <- the offset points here
@@ -101,6 +115,7 @@
enum {
FGRAPH_TYPE_RESERVED = 0,
FGRAPH_TYPE_BITMAP = 1,
+ FGRAPH_TYPE_DATA = 2,
};

/*
@@ -111,6 +126,26 @@ enum {
#define FGRAPH_INDEX_MASK GENMASK(FGRAPH_INDEX_BITS - 1, 0)
#define FGRAPH_INDEX_SHIFT (FGRAPH_TYPE_SHIFT + FGRAPH_TYPE_BITS)

+/*
+ * For DATA type:
+ * FGRAPH_DATA (12-17) bits hold the size of data (in words)
+ * FGRAPH_INDEX (18-23) bits hold the index for which gops->idx the data is for
+ *
+ * Note:
+ * data_size == 0 means 1 word, and 31 (=2^5 - 1) means 32 words.
+ */
+#define FGRAPH_DATA_BITS 5
+#define FGRAPH_DATA_MASK GENMASK(FGRAPH_DATA_BITS - 1, 0)
+#define FGRAPH_DATA_SHIFT (FGRAPH_TYPE_SHIFT + FGRAPH_TYPE_BITS)
+#define FGRAPH_MAX_DATA_SIZE (sizeof(long) * (1 << FGRAPH_DATA_BITS))
+
+#define FGRAPH_DATA_INDEX_BITS 4
+#define FGRAPH_DATA_INDEX_MASK GENMASK(FGRAPH_DATA_INDEX_BITS - 1, 0)
+#define FGRAPH_DATA_INDEX_SHIFT (FGRAPH_DATA_SHIFT + FGRAPH_DATA_BITS)
+
+#define FGRAPH_MAX_INDEX \
+ ((FGRAPH_INDEX_SIZE << FGRAPH_DATA_BITS) + FGRAPH_RET_INDEX)
+
#define FGRAPH_ARRAY_SIZE FGRAPH_INDEX_BITS

/*
@@ -179,16 +214,46 @@ static int fgraph_lru_alloc_index(void)
return idx;
}

+/* Get the offset to the fgraph frame from a ret_stack value */
+static inline int __get_offset(unsigned long val)
+{
+ return val & FGRAPH_FRAME_OFFSET_MASK;
+}
+
+/* Get the type of word from a ret_stack value */
+static inline int __get_type(unsigned long val)
+{
+ return (val >> FGRAPH_TYPE_SHIFT) & FGRAPH_TYPE_MASK;
+}
+
+/* Get the data_index for a DATA type ret_stack word */
+static inline int __get_data_index(unsigned long val)
+{
+ return (val >> FGRAPH_DATA_INDEX_SHIFT) & FGRAPH_DATA_INDEX_MASK;
+}
+
+/* Get the data_size for a DATA type ret_stack word */
+static inline int __get_data_size(unsigned long val)
+{
+ return ((val >> FGRAPH_DATA_SHIFT) & FGRAPH_DATA_MASK) + 1;
+}
+
+/* Get the word from the ret_stack at @offset */
+static inline unsigned long get_fgraph_entry(struct task_struct *t, int offset)
+{
+ return t->ret_stack[offset];
+}
+
/* Get the FRAME_OFFSET from the word from the @offset on ret_stack */
static inline int get_frame_offset(struct task_struct *t, int offset)
{
- return t->ret_stack[offset] & FGRAPH_FRAME_OFFSET_MASK;
+ return __get_offset(t->ret_stack[offset]);
}

/* Get FGRAPH_TYPE from the word from the @offset at ret_stack */
static inline int get_fgraph_type(struct task_struct *t, int offset)
{
- return (t->ret_stack[offset] >> FGRAPH_TYPE_SHIFT) & FGRAPH_TYPE_MASK;
+ return __get_type(t->ret_stack[offset]);
}

/* For BITMAP type: get the bitmask from the @offset at ret_stack */
@@ -213,6 +278,25 @@ set_bitmap(struct task_struct *t, int offset, unsigned long bitmap)
(FGRAPH_TYPE_BITMAP << FGRAPH_TYPE_SHIFT) | FGRAPH_FRAME_OFFSET;
}

+/* For DATA type: get the data saved under the ret_stack word at @offset */
+static inline void *get_data_type_data(struct task_struct *t, int offset)
+{
+ unsigned long val = t->ret_stack[offset];
+
+ if (__get_type(val) != FGRAPH_TYPE_DATA)
+ return NULL;
+ offset -= __get_data_size(val);
+ return (void *)&t->ret_stack[offset];
+}
+
+/* Create the ret_stack word for a DATA type */
+static inline unsigned long make_data_type_val(int idx, int size, int offset)
+{
+ return (idx << FGRAPH_DATA_INDEX_SHIFT) |
+ ((size - 1) << FGRAPH_DATA_SHIFT) |
+ (FGRAPH_TYPE_DATA << FGRAPH_TYPE_SHIFT) | offset;
+}
+
/* ftrace_graph_entry set to this to tell some archs to run function graph */
static int entry_run(struct ftrace_graph_ent *trace, struct fgraph_ops *ops)
{
@@ -246,6 +330,91 @@ static void ret_stack_init_task_vars(unsigned long *ret_stack)
memset(gvals, 0, sizeof(*gvals) * FGRAPH_ARRAY_SIZE);
}

+/**
+ * fgraph_reserve_data - Reserve storage on the task's ret_stack
+ * @idx: The index of fgraph_array
+ * @size_bytes: The size in bytes to reserve
+ *
+ * Reserves space of up to FGRAPH_MAX_DATA_SIZE bytes on the
+ * task's ret_stack shadow stack, for a given fgraph_ops during
+ * the entryfunc() call. If entryfunc() returns zero, the storage
+ * is discarded. An entryfunc() can only call this once per iteration.
+ * The fgraph_ops retfunc() can retrieve this stored data with
+ * fgraph_retrieve_data().
+ *
+ * Returns: On success, a pointer to the data on the stack.
+ * Otherwise, NULL if there's not enough space left on the
+ * ret_stack for the data, or if fgraph_reserve_data() was called
+ * more than once for a single entryfunc() call.
+ */
+void *fgraph_reserve_data(int idx, int size_bytes)
+{
+ unsigned long val;
+ void *data;
+ int curr_ret_stack = current->curr_ret_stack;
+ int data_size;
+
+ if (size_bytes > FGRAPH_MAX_DATA_SIZE)
+ return NULL;
+
+ /* Convert the data size to number of longs. */
+ data_size = (size_bytes + sizeof(long) - 1) >> (sizeof(long) == 4 ? 2 : 3);
+
+ val = get_fgraph_entry(current, curr_ret_stack - 1);
+ data = &current->ret_stack[curr_ret_stack];
+
+ curr_ret_stack += data_size + 1;
+ if (unlikely(curr_ret_stack >= SHADOW_STACK_MAX_OFFSET))
+ return NULL;
+
+ val = make_data_type_val(idx, data_size, __get_offset(val) + data_size + 1);
+
+ /* Set the last word to be reserved */
+ current->ret_stack[curr_ret_stack - 1] = val;
+
+ /* Make sure interrupts see this */
+ barrier();
+ current->curr_ret_stack = curr_ret_stack;
+ /* Again sync with interrupts, and reset reserve */
+ current->ret_stack[curr_ret_stack - 1] = val;
+
+ return data;
+}
+
+/**
+ * fgraph_retrieve_data - Retrieve stored data from fgraph_reserve_data()
+ * @idx: the index of fgraph_array (fgraph_ops::idx)
+ * @size_bytes: pointer to retrieved data size.
+ *
+ * This is to be called by a fgraph_ops retfunc(), to retrieve data that
+ * was stored by the fgraph_ops entryfunc() on the function entry.
+ * That is, this will retrieve the data that was reserved on the
+ * entry of the function that corresponds to the exit of the function
+ * that the fgraph_ops retfunc() is called on.
+ *
+ * Returns: The stored data from fgraph_reserve_data() called by the
+ * matching entryfunc() for the retfunc() this is called from.
+ * Or NULL if there was nothing stored.
+ */
+void *fgraph_retrieve_data(int idx, int *size_bytes)
+{
+ int offset = current->curr_ret_stack - 1;
+ unsigned long val;
+
+ val = get_fgraph_entry(current, offset);
+ while (__get_type(val) == FGRAPH_TYPE_DATA) {
+ if (__get_data_index(val) == idx)
+ goto found;
+ offset -= __get_data_size(val) + 1;
+ val = get_fgraph_entry(current, offset);
+ }
+ return NULL;
+found:
+ if (size_bytes)
+ *size_bytes = __get_data_size(val) * sizeof(long);
+ return get_data_type_data(current, offset);
+}
+
/**
* fgraph_get_task_var - retrieve a task specific state variable
* @gops: The ftrace_ops that owns the task specific variable
@@ -465,13 +634,18 @@ int function_graph_enter(unsigned long ret, unsigned long func,

for (i = 0; i < FGRAPH_ARRAY_SIZE; i++) {
struct fgraph_ops *gops = fgraph_array[i];
+ int save_curr_ret_stack;

if (gops == &fgraph_stub)
continue;

+ save_curr_ret_stack = current->curr_ret_stack;
if (ftrace_ops_test(&gops->ops, func, NULL) &&
gops->entryfunc(&trace, gops))
bitmap |= BIT(i);
+ else
+ /* Clear out any saved storage */
+ current->curr_ret_stack = save_curr_ret_stack;
}

if (!bitmap)
@@ -497,6 +671,7 @@ int function_graph_enter_ops(unsigned long ret, unsigned long func,
struct fgraph_ops *gops)
{
struct ftrace_graph_ent trace;
+ int save_curr_ret_stack;
int offset;
int type;

@@ -516,13 +691,15 @@ int function_graph_enter_ops(unsigned long ret, unsigned long func,

trace.func = func;
trace.depth = current->curr_ret_depth;
+ save_curr_ret_stack = current->curr_ret_stack;
if (gops->entryfunc(&trace, gops)) {
if (type == FGRAPH_TYPE_RESERVED)
set_bitmap(current, offset, BIT(gops->idx));
else
set_bitmap_bits(current, offset, BIT(gops->idx));
return 0;
- }
+ } else
+ current->curr_ret_stack = save_curr_ret_stack;

if (type == FGRAPH_TYPE_RESERVED) {
current->curr_ret_stack -= FGRAPH_FRAME_OFFSET + 1;
@@ -667,7 +844,8 @@ static unsigned long __ftrace_return_to_handler(struct fgraph_ret_regs *ret_regs
* curr_ret_stack is after that.
*/
barrier();
- current->curr_ret_stack -= FGRAPH_FRAME_OFFSET + 1;
+ current->curr_ret_stack = offset - FGRAPH_FRAME_OFFSET;
+
current->curr_ret_depth--;
return ret;
}
--
2.43.0