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From: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev>
To: bpf@vger.kernel.org
Cc: "Alexei Starovoitov" <ast@kernel.org>,
	"Daniel Borkmann" <daniel@iogearbox.net>,
	"Andrii Nakryiko" <andrii@kernel.org>,
	"Martin KaFai Lau" <martin.lau@linux.dev>,
	"Eduard Zingerman" <eddyz87@gmail.com>,
	"Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi" <memxor@gmail.com>,
	"Song Liu" <song@kernel.org>,
	"Yonghong Song" <yonghong.song@linux.dev>,
	"John Fastabend" <john.fastabend@gmail.com>,
	"Jiri Olsa" <jolsa@kernel.org>,
	"Emil Tsalapatis" <emil@etsalapatis.com>,
	"Ihor Solodrai" <ihor.solodrai@linux.dev>,
	"Roman Gushchin" <roman.gushchin@linux.dev>,
	"Amery Hung" <ameryhung@gmail.com>, "Tejun Heo" <tj@kernel.org>,
	"Johannes Weiner" <hannes@cmpxchg.org>,
	"Michal Koutný" <mkoutny@suse.com>,
	"Meta kernel team" <kernel-team@meta.com>,
	cgroups@vger.kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Subject: [PATCH bpf-next 1/3] bpf, cgroup: Don't read freed effective arrays in BPF_PROG_QUERY
Date: Thu, 12 Nov 2026 09:27:13 -0800	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <20261112172721.440275-2-shakeel.butt@linux.dev> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20261112172721.440275-1-shakeel.butt@linux.dev>

BPF_PROG_QUERY gets the cgroup from an fd before it takes cgroup_mutex.
If the cgroup is removed in between and its bpf refcount drops to zero,
cgroup_bpf_release() can run first.  It frees the effective arrays but
leaves the pointers, so a BPF_F_QUERY_EFFECTIVE query then reads freed
memory.

The window is small because the release work also takes cgroup_mutex.

Check under the lock that the bpf refcount isn't zero, and return
-ENOENT if it is, the error the fd lookup gives for a removed cgroup.
The release work only runs after the count hits zero, and it takes the
same lock.

Reproduced in a VM with a debug-only delay between the fd lookup and the
lock: KASAN reports a use-after-free in cgroup_bpf_prog_query().  With
this patch, the query returns -ENOENT.

Fixes: 4bfc0bb2c60e ("bpf: decouple the lifetime of cgroup_bpf from cgroup itself")
Signed-off-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev>
---
 kernel/bpf/cgroup.c | 8 ++++++++
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+)

diff --git a/kernel/bpf/cgroup.c b/kernel/bpf/cgroup.c
index 57a785241d42..9258c2669fa8 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/cgroup.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/cgroup.c
@@ -1446,6 +1446,14 @@ static int __cgroup_bpf_query(struct cgroup *cgrp, const union bpf_attr *attr,
 	if (effective_query && prog_attach_flags)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
+	/*
+	 * cgroup_bpf_release() frees the effective arrays once the bpf
+	 * refcount is zero.  It takes this lock too, so a nonzero count means
+	 * the arrays are still valid.
+	 */
+	if (percpu_ref_is_zero(&cgrp->bpf.refcnt))
+		return -ENOENT;
+
 	if (type == BPF_STRUCT_OPS) {
 		u32 type_id = attr->query.type_id;
 
-- 
2.53.0-Meta


  reply	other threads:[~2026-11-12 17:27 UTC|newest]

Thread overview: 4+ messages / expand[flat|nested]  mbox.gz  Atom feed  top
2026-11-12 17:27 [PATCH bpf-next 0/3] bpf, cgroup: Don't wait for cgroup_mutex to read or free cgroup bpf state Shakeel Butt
2026-11-12 17:27 ` Shakeel Butt [this message]
2026-11-12 17:27 ` [PATCH bpf-next 2/3] bpf, cgroup: Don't attach to a removed cgroup Shakeel Butt
2026-11-12 17:27 ` [PATCH bpf-next 3/3] bpf, cgroup: Protect cgroup_bpf state with its own mutex Shakeel Butt

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