Re: [PATCHv4 2/2] sched/deadline: Walk up cpuset hierarchy to decide root domain when hot-unplug

[Pingfan Liu <piliu@redhat.com>]

On Wed, Oct 29, 2025 at 11:31:23AM -0400, Waiman Long wrote:
> On 10/27/25 11:43 PM, Pingfan Liu wrote:
> > *** Bug description ***
> > When testing kexec-reboot on a 144 cpus machine with
> > isolcpus=managed_irq,domain,1-71,73-143 in kernel command line, I
> > encounter the following bug:
> > 
> > [   97.114759] psci: CPU142 killed (polled 0 ms)
> > [   97.333236] Failed to offline CPU143 - error=-16
> > [   97.333246] ------------[ cut here ]------------
> > [   97.342682] kernel BUG at kernel/cpu.c:1569!
> > [   97.347049] Internal error: Oops - BUG: 00000000f2000800 [#1] SMP
> > [...]
> > 
> > In essence, the issue originates from the CPU hot-removal process, not
> > limited to kexec. It can be reproduced by writing a SCHED_DEADLINE
> > program that waits indefinitely on a semaphore, spawning multiple
> > instances to ensure some run on CPU 72, and then offlining CPUs 1–143
> > one by one. When attempting this, CPU 143 failed to go offline.
> >    bash -c 'taskset -cp 0 $$ && for i in {1..143}; do echo 0 > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu$i/online 2>/dev/null; done'
> > 
> > `
> > *** Issue ***
> > Tracking down this issue, I found that dl_bw_deactivate() returned
> > -EBUSY, which caused sched_cpu_deactivate() to fail on the last CPU.
> > But that is not the fact, and contributed by the following factors:
> > When a CPU is inactive, cpu_rq()->rd is set to def_root_domain. For an
> > blocked-state deadline task (in this case, "cppc_fie"), it was not
> > migrated to CPU0, and its task_rq() information is stale. So its rq->rd
> > points to def_root_domain instead of the one shared with CPU0.  As a
> > result, its bandwidth is wrongly accounted into a wrong root domain
> > during domain rebuild.
> > 
> > The key point is that root_domain is only tracked through active rq->rd.
> > To avoid using a global data structure to track all root_domains in the
> > system, there should be a method to locate an active CPU within the
> > corresponding root_domain.
> > 
> > *** Solution ***
> > To locate the active cpu, the following rules for deadline
> > sub-system is useful
> >    -1.any cpu belongs to a unique root domain at a given time
> >    -2.DL bandwidth checker ensures that the root domain has active cpus.
> > 
> > Now, let's examine the blocked-state task P.
> > If P is attached to a cpuset that is a partition root, it is
> > straightforward to find an active CPU.
> > If P is attached to a cpuset that has changed from 'root' to 'member',
> > the active CPUs are grouped into the parent root domain. Naturally, the
> > CPUs' capacity and reserved DL bandwidth are taken into account in the
> > ancestor root domain. (In practice, it may be unsafe to attach P to an
> > arbitrary root domain, since that domain may lack sufficient DL
> > bandwidth for P.) Again, it is straightforward to find an active CPU in
> > the ancestor root domain.
> > 
> > This patch groups CPUs into isolated and housekeeping sets. For the
> > housekeeping group, it walks up the cpuset hierarchy to find active CPUs
> > in P's root domain and retrieves the valid rd from cpu_rq(cpu)->rd.
> > 
> > Signed-off-by: Pingfan Liu <piliu@redhat.com>
> > Cc: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com>
> > Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
> > Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
> > Cc: "Michal Koutný" <mkoutny@suse.com>
> > Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
> > Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
> > Cc: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@redhat.com>
> > Cc: Pierre Gondois <pierre.gondois@arm.com>
> > Cc: Vincent Guittot <vincent.guittot@linaro.org>
> > Cc: Dietmar Eggemann <dietmar.eggemann@arm.com>
> > Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
> > Cc: Ben Segall <bsegall@google.com>
> > Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
> > Cc: Valentin Schneider <vschneid@redhat.com>
> > To: cgroups@vger.kernel.org
> > To: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
> > ---
> > v3 -> v4:
> > rename function with cpuset_ prefix
> > improve commit log
> > 
> >   include/linux/cpuset.h  | 18 ++++++++++++++++++
> >   kernel/cgroup/cpuset.c  | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> >   kernel/sched/deadline.c | 30 ++++++++++++++++++++++++------
> >   3 files changed, 68 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
> > 
> > diff --git a/include/linux/cpuset.h b/include/linux/cpuset.h
> > index 2ddb256187b51..d4da93e51b37b 100644
> > --- a/include/linux/cpuset.h
> > +++ b/include/linux/cpuset.h
> > @@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
> >   #include <linux/sched.h>
> >   #include <linux/sched/topology.h>
> >   #include <linux/sched/task.h>
> > +#include <linux/sched/housekeeping.h>
> >   #include <linux/cpumask.h>
> >   #include <linux/nodemask.h>
> >   #include <linux/mm.h>
> > @@ -130,6 +131,7 @@ extern void rebuild_sched_domains(void);
> >   extern void cpuset_print_current_mems_allowed(void);
> >   extern void cpuset_reset_sched_domains(void);
> > +extern void cpuset_get_task_effective_cpus(struct task_struct *p, struct cpumask *cpus);
> >   /*
> >    * read_mems_allowed_begin is required when making decisions involving
> > @@ -276,6 +278,22 @@ static inline void cpuset_reset_sched_domains(void)
> >   	partition_sched_domains(1, NULL, NULL);
> >   }
> > +static inline void cpuset_get_task_effective_cpus(struct task_struct *p,
> > +		struct cpumask *cpus)
> > +{
> > +	const struct cpumask *hk_msk;
> > +
> > +	hk_msk = housekeeping_cpumask(HK_TYPE_DOMAIN);
> > +	if (housekeeping_enabled(HK_TYPE_DOMAIN)) {
> > +		if (!cpumask_intersects(p->cpus_ptr, hk_msk)) {
> > +			/* isolated cpus belong to a root domain */
> > +			cpumask_andnot(cpus, cpu_active_mask, hk_msk);
> > +			return;
> > +		}
> > +	}
> > +	cpumask_and(cpus, cpu_active_mask, hk_msk);
> > +}
> > +
> >   static inline void cpuset_print_current_mems_allowed(void)
> >   {
> >   }
> > diff --git a/kernel/cgroup/cpuset.c b/kernel/cgroup/cpuset.c
> > index 27adb04df675d..6ad88018f1a4e 100644
> > --- a/kernel/cgroup/cpuset.c
> > +++ b/kernel/cgroup/cpuset.c
> > @@ -1102,6 +1102,32 @@ void cpuset_reset_sched_domains(void)
> >   	mutex_unlock(&cpuset_mutex);
> >   }
> > +/* caller hold RCU read lock */
> > +void cpuset_get_task_effective_cpus(struct task_struct *p, struct cpumask *cpus)
> > +{
> > +	const struct cpumask *hk_msk;
> > +	struct cpuset *cs;
> > +
> > +	hk_msk = housekeeping_cpumask(HK_TYPE_DOMAIN);
> > +	if (housekeeping_enabled(HK_TYPE_DOMAIN)) {
> > +		if (!cpumask_intersects(p->cpus_ptr, hk_msk)) {
> > +			/* isolated cpus belong to a root domain */
> > +			cpumask_andnot(cpus, cpu_active_mask, hk_msk);
> > +			return;
> > +		}
> > +	}
> > +	/* In HK_TYPE_DOMAIN, cpuset can be applied */
> > +	cs = task_cs(p);
> > +	while (cs != &top_cpuset) {
> > +		if (is_sched_load_balance(cs))
> > +			break;
> > +		cs = parent_cs(cs);
> > +	}
> > +
> > +	/* For top_cpuset, its effective_cpus does not exclude isolated cpu */
> > +	cpumask_and(cpus, cs->effective_cpus, hk_msk);
> > +}
> > +
> 
> It looks like you are trying to find a set of CPUs that are definitely in a
> active sched domain. The difference between this version and the
> !CONFIG_CPUSETS version in cpuset.h is the going up the cpuset hierarchy to
> find one with load balancing enabled. I would suggest you extract just this
> part out as a cpuset helper function and put the rests into deadline.c as a
> separate helper function without the cpuset prefix. In that way, you don't
> create a new housekeeping.h header file.
> 

A good suggestion, thanks!

Best Regards,

Pingfan