[PATCH RFC 13/29] iomap: integrate fs-verity verification into iomap's read path

Andrey Albershteyn
2025-07-28T20:31:38Z

From: Andrey Albershteyn <aalbersh@redhat.com>

This patch adds fs-verity verification into iomap's read path. After
BIO's io operation is complete the data are verified against
fs-verity's Merkle tree. Verification work is done in a separate
workqueue.

The read path ioend iomap_read_ioend are stored side by side with
BIOs if FS_VERITY is enabled.

[djwong: fix doc warning]
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrey Albershteyn <aalbersh@kernel.org>
---
fs/iomap/buffered-io.c | 151 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
fs/iomap/ioend.c | 41 +++++++++++++-
include/linux/iomap.h | 13 +++++
3 files changed, 198 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/iomap/buffered-io.c b/fs/iomap/buffered-io.c
index e959a206cba9..87c974e543e0 100644
--- a/fs/iomap/buffered-io.c
+++ b/fs/iomap/buffered-io.c
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/compiler.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/fsverity.h>
#include <linux/iomap.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/uio.h>
@@ -363,6 +364,116 @@ static inline bool iomap_block_needs_zeroing(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
pos >= i_size_read(iter->inode);
}

+#ifdef CONFIG_FS_VERITY
+int iomap_init_fsverity(struct super_block *sb, unsigned int wq_flags,
+ int max_active)
+{
+ int ret;
+
+ if (!iomap_fsverity_bioset) {
+ ret = iomap_fsverity_init_bioset();
+ if (ret)
+ return ret;
+ }
+
+ return fsverity_init_wq(sb, wq_flags, max_active);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(iomap_init_fsverity);
+
+static void
+iomap_read_fsverify_end_io_work(struct work_struct *work)
+{
+ struct iomap_fsverity_bio *fbio =
+ container_of(work, struct iomap_fsverity_bio, work);
+
+ fsverity_verify_bio(&fbio->bio);
+ iomap_read_end_io(&fbio->bio);
+}
+
+static void
+iomap_read_fsverity_end_io(struct bio *bio)
+{
+ struct iomap_fsverity_bio *fbio =
+ container_of(bio, struct iomap_fsverity_bio, bio);
+
+ INIT_WORK(&fbio->work, iomap_read_fsverify_end_io_work);
+ queue_work(bio->bi_private, &fbio->work);
+}
+
+static struct bio *
+iomap_fsverity_read_bio_alloc(struct inode *inode, struct block_device *bdev,
+ int nr_vecs, gfp_t gfp)
+{
+ struct bio *bio;
+
+ bio = bio_alloc_bioset(bdev, nr_vecs, REQ_OP_READ, gfp,
+ iomap_fsverity_bioset);
+ if (bio) {
+ bio->bi_private = inode->i_sb->s_verity_wq;
+ bio->bi_end_io = iomap_read_fsverity_end_io;
+ }
+ return bio;
+}
+
+/*
+ * True if tree is not aligned with fs block/folio size and we need zero tail
+ * part of the folio
+ */
+static bool
+iomap_fsverity_tree_end_align(struct iomap_iter *iter, struct folio *folio,
+ loff_t pos, size_t plen)
+{
+ int error;
+ u8 log_blocksize;
+ u64 tree_size, tree_mask, last_block_tree, last_block_pos;
+
+ /* Not a Merkle tree */
+ if (!(iter->iomap.flags & IOMAP_F_BEYOND_EOF))
+ return false;
+
+ if (plen == folio_size(folio))
+ return false;
+
+ if (iter->inode->i_blkbits == folio_shift(folio))
+ return false;
+
+ error = fsverity_merkle_tree_geometry(iter->inode, &log_blocksize, NULL,
+ &tree_size);
+ if (error)
+ return false;
+
+ /*
+ * We are beyond EOF reading Merkle tree. Therefore, it has highest
+ * offset. Mask pos with a tree size to get a position whare are we in
+ * the tree. Then, compare index of a last tree block and the index of
+ * current pos block.
+ */
+ last_block_tree = (tree_size + PAGE_SIZE - 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+ tree_mask = (1 << fls64(tree_size)) - 1;
+ last_block_pos = ((pos & tree_mask) >> PAGE_SHIFT) + 1;
+
+ return last_block_tree == last_block_pos;
+}
+#else
+# define iomap_fsverity_read_bio_alloc(...) (NULL)
+# define iomap_fsverity_tree_end_align(...) (false)
+#endif /* CONFIG_FS_VERITY */
+
+static struct bio *iomap_read_bio_alloc(struct inode *inode,
+ const struct iomap *iomap, int nr_vecs, gfp_t gfp)
+{
+ struct bio *bio;
+ struct block_device *bdev = iomap->bdev;
+
+ if (fsverity_active(inode) && !(iomap->flags & IOMAP_F_BEYOND_EOF))
+ return iomap_fsverity_read_bio_alloc(inode, bdev, nr_vecs, gfp);
+
+ bio = bio_alloc(bdev, nr_vecs, REQ_OP_READ, gfp);
+ if (bio)
+ bio->bi_end_io = iomap_read_end_io;
+ return bio;
+}
+
static int iomap_readpage_iter(struct iomap_iter *iter,
struct iomap_readpage_ctx *ctx)
{
@@ -375,6 +486,10 @@ static int iomap_readpage_iter(struct iomap_iter *iter,
sector_t sector;
int ret;

+ /* Fail reads from broken fsverity files immediately. */
+ if (IS_VERITY(iter->inode) && !fsverity_active(iter->inode))
+ return -EIO;
+
if (iomap->type == IOMAP_INLINE) {
ret = iomap_read_inline_data(iter, folio);
if (ret)
@@ -391,6 +506,11 @@ static int iomap_readpage_iter(struct iomap_iter *iter,
if (iomap_block_needs_zeroing(iter, pos) &&
!(iomap->flags & IOMAP_F_BEYOND_EOF)) {
folio_zero_range(folio, poff, plen);
+ if (fsverity_active(iter->inode) &&
+ !fsverity_verify_blocks(folio, plen, poff)) {
+ return -EIO;
+ }
+
iomap_set_range_uptodate(folio, poff, plen);
goto done;
}
@@ -408,32 +528,51 @@ static int iomap_readpage_iter(struct iomap_iter *iter,
!bio_add_folio(ctx->bio, folio, plen, poff)) {
gfp_t gfp = mapping_gfp_constraint(folio->mapping, GFP_KERNEL);
gfp_t orig_gfp = gfp;
- unsigned int nr_vecs = DIV_ROUND_UP(length, PAGE_SIZE);

if (ctx->bio)
submit_bio(ctx->bio);

if (ctx->rac) /* same as readahead_gfp_mask */
gfp |= __GFP_NORETRY | __GFP_NOWARN;
- ctx->bio = bio_alloc(iomap->bdev, bio_max_segs(nr_vecs),
- REQ_OP_READ, gfp);
+
+ ctx->bio = iomap_read_bio_alloc(iter->inode, iomap,
+ bio_max_segs(DIV_ROUND_UP(length, PAGE_SIZE)),
+ gfp);
+
/*
* If the bio_alloc fails, try it again for a single page to
* avoid having to deal with partial page reads. This emulates
* what do_mpage_read_folio does.
*/
if (!ctx->bio) {
- ctx->bio = bio_alloc(iomap->bdev, 1, REQ_OP_READ,
- orig_gfp);
+ ctx->bio = iomap_read_bio_alloc(iter->inode,
+ iomap, 1, orig_gfp);
}
if (ctx->rac)
ctx->bio->bi_opf |= REQ_RAHEAD;
ctx->bio->bi_iter.bi_sector = sector;
- ctx->bio->bi_end_io = iomap_read_end_io;
bio_add_folio_nofail(ctx->bio, folio, plen, poff);
}

done:
+ /*
+ * For post EOF region, zero part of the folio which won't be read. This
+ * happens at the end of the region. So far, the only user is
+ * fs-verity which stores continuous data region.
+ *
+ * We also check the fs block size as plen could be smaller than the
+ * block size. If we zero part of the block and mark the whole block
+ * (iomap_set_range_uptodate() works with fsblocks) as uptodate the
+ * iomap_finish_folio_read() will toggle the uptodate bit when the folio
+ * is read.
+ */
+ if (iomap_fsverity_tree_end_align(iter, folio, pos, plen)) {
+ folio_zero_range(folio, poff + plen,
+ folio_size(folio) - (poff + plen));
+ iomap_set_range_uptodate(folio, poff + plen,
+ folio_size(folio) - (poff + plen));
+ }
+
/*
* Move the caller beyond our range so that it keeps making progress.
* For that, we have to include any leading non-uptodate ranges, but
diff --git a/fs/iomap/ioend.c b/fs/iomap/ioend.c
index 18894ebba6db..400751d82313 100644
--- a/fs/iomap/ioend.c
+++ b/fs/iomap/ioend.c
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
#include <linux/list_sort.h>
#include "internal.h"

+#define IOMAP_POOL_SIZE (4 * (PAGE_SIZE / SECTOR_SIZE))
+
struct bio_set iomap_ioend_bioset;
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(iomap_ioend_bioset);

@@ -207,9 +209,46 @@ struct iomap_ioend *iomap_split_ioend(struct iomap_ioend *ioend,
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(iomap_split_ioend);

+#ifdef CONFIG_FS_VERITY
+struct bio_set *iomap_fsverity_bioset;
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(iomap_fsverity_bioset);
+int iomap_fsverity_init_bioset(void)
+{
+ struct bio_set *bs, *old;
+ int error;
+
+ bs = kzalloc(sizeof(*bs), GFP_KERNEL);
+ if (!bs)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ error = bioset_init(bs, IOMAP_POOL_SIZE,
+ offsetof(struct iomap_fsverity_bio, bio),
+ BIOSET_NEED_BVECS);
+ if (error) {
+ kfree(bs);
+ return error;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * This has to be atomic as readaheads can race to create the
+ * bioset. If someone set the pointer before us, we drop ours.
+ */
+ old = cmpxchg(&iomap_fsverity_bioset, NULL, bs);
+ if (old) {
+ bioset_exit(bs);
+ kfree(bs);
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(iomap_fsverity_init_bioset);
+#else
+# define iomap_fsverity_init_bioset(...) (-EOPNOTSUPP)
+#endif
+
static int __init iomap_ioend_init(void)
{
- return bioset_init(&iomap_ioend_bioset, 4 * (PAGE_SIZE / SECTOR_SIZE),
+ return bioset_init(&iomap_ioend_bioset, IOMAP_POOL_SIZE,
offsetof(struct iomap_ioend, io_bio),
BIOSET_NEED_BVECS);
}
diff --git a/include/linux/iomap.h b/include/linux/iomap.h
index 73288f28543f..f845876ad8d2 100644
--- a/include/linux/iomap.h
+++ b/include/linux/iomap.h
@@ -339,6 +339,19 @@ static inline bool iomap_want_unshare_iter(const struct iomap_iter *iter)
iter->srcmap.type == IOMAP_MAPPED;
}

+#ifdef CONFIG_FS_VERITY
+extern struct bio_set *iomap_fsverity_bioset;
+
+struct iomap_fsverity_bio {
+ struct work_struct work;
+ struct bio bio;
+};
+
+int iomap_init_fsverity(struct super_block *sb, unsigned int wq_flags,
+ int max_active);
+int iomap_fsverity_init_bioset(void);
+#endif
+
ssize_t iomap_file_buffered_write(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *from,
const struct iomap_ops *ops, void *private);
int iomap_read_folio(struct folio *folio, const struct iomap_ops *ops);

--
2.50.0