[PATCH v2 00/10] Use a structure for object IDs.

[PATCH v2 00/10] Use a structure for object IDs.

[brian m. carlson]

This is a patch series to convert some of the relevant uses of unsigned
char [20] to struct object_id.

The goal of this series to improve type-checking in the codebase and to
make it easier to move to a different hash function if the project
decides to do that.  This series does not convert all of the codebase,
but only parts.  I've dropped some of the patches from earlier (which no
longer apply) and added others.

Certain parts of the code have to be converted before others to keep the
patch sizes small, maintainable, and bisectable, so functions and
structures that are used across the codebase (e.g. struct object) will
be converted later.  Conversion has been done in a somewhat haphazard
manner by converting modules with leaf functions and less commonly used
structs first.

Since part of the goal is to ease a move to a different hash function if
the project decides to do that, I've adopted Michael Haggerty's
suggestion of using variables named "oid", naming the structure member
"sha1", and using GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ and GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ as the constants.

I've been holding on to this series for a long time in hopes of
converting more of the code before submitting, but realized that this
deprived others of the ability to use the new structure and required me
to rebase extremely frequently.

brian m. carlson (10):
  Define a structure for object IDs.
  Define utility functions for object IDs.
  bisect.c: convert leaf functions to use struct object_id
  archive.c: convert to use struct object_id
  zip: use GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ for trailers
  bulk-checkin.c: convert to use struct object_id
  diff: convert struct combine_diff_path to object_id
  commit: convert parts to struct object_id
  patch-id: convert to use struct object_id
  apply: convert threeway_stage to object_id

 archive-zip.c      |  4 ++--
 archive.c          | 18 +++++++++---------
 bisect.c           | 40 +++++++++++++++++++-------------------
 builtin/apply.c    | 14 +++++++-------
 builtin/patch-id.c | 34 ++++++++++++++++-----------------
 bulk-checkin.c     | 12 ++++++------
 cache.h            | 37 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----
 combine-diff.c     | 56 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------------
 commit.c           | 32 +++++++++++++++----------------
 commit.h           |  4 ++--
 diff-lib.c         | 10 +++++-----
 diff.h             |  5 +++--
 hex.c              | 16 +++++++++++++---
 log-tree.c         |  2 +-
 object.h           |  8 ++++++++
 send-pack.c        |  2 +-
 shallow.c          |  8 ++++----
 tree-diff.c        | 10 +++++-----
 upload-pack.c      |  2 +-
 19 files changed, 181 insertions(+), 133 deletions(-)

-- 
2.2.1.209.g41e5f3a

Re: [PATCH v2 00/10] Use a structure for object IDs.

[Junio C Hamano]

"brian m. carlson" <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net> writes:

> Certain parts of the code have to be converted before others to keep the
> patch sizes small, maintainable, and bisectable, so functions and
> structures that are used across the codebase (e.g. struct object) will
> be converted later.  Conversion has been done in a somewhat haphazard
> manner by converting modules with leaf functions and less commonly used
> structs first.

That "leaf-first" approach sounds very sensible.

In the medium term, I wonder if the changes can progress faster and
in a less error prone way if you first used GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ in places
that cannot be immediately converted to the struct yet.  That way,
we will be easily tell by "git grep GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ" how many more
places need treatment.  I do not know if that is all that useful
offhand, though.  Those places need to be touched in the second pass
to use the struct again, after the "s/\[20\]/[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ]/"
first pass.

Re: [PATCH v2 00/10] Use a structure for object IDs.

[Kyle J. McKay]

On Mar 7, 2015, at 15:23, brian m. carlson wrote:
> This is a patch series to convert some of the relevant uses of  
> unsigned
> char [20] to struct object_id.
>
> brian m. carlson (10):

All patches applied for me (to master) and all tests pass.

Tested-by: Kyle J. McKay


>  Define a structure for object IDs.

Comments in reply to the patch.


>  Define utility functions for object IDs.
>  bisect.c: convert leaf functions to use struct object_id
>  archive.c: convert to use struct object_id
>  zip: use GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ for trailers
>  bulk-checkin.c: convert to use struct object_id
>  diff: convert struct combine_diff_path to object_id
>  commit: convert parts to struct object_id
>  patch-id: convert to use struct object_id
>  apply: convert threeway_stage to object_id

These all look good, the conversions are simple and easy to follow.


On Mar 7, 2015, at 23:43, Junio C Hamano wrote:
> "brian m. carlson" <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net> writes:
>
>> Certain parts of the code have to be converted before others to  
>> keep the
>> patch sizes small, maintainable, and bisectable, so functions and
>> structures that are used across the codebase (e.g. struct object)  
>> will
>> be converted later.  Conversion has been done in a somewhat haphazard
>> manner by converting modules with leaf functions and less commonly  
>> used
>> structs first.
>
> That "leaf-first" approach sounds very sensible.
>
> In the medium term, I wonder if the changes can progress faster and
> in a less error prone way if you first used GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ in places
> that cannot be immediately converted to the struct yet.  That way,
> we will be easily tell by "git grep GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ" how many more
> places need treatment.  I do not know if that is all that useful
> offhand, though.  Those places need to be touched in the second pass
> to use the struct again, after the "s/\[20\]/[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ]/"
> first pass.

I definitely noticed the leaf-first approach as I was looking through  
the patches where, for example (03/10), this prototype was left  
unchanged:

static int register_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
                         int flags, void *cb_data)

but its contents got the update leaving it half converted.  As  
mentioned above this makes the patches more manageable, maintainable  
and bisectable.  However, these functions could be converted to take a  
typedef (a quick grep of 'CodingGuidelines' does not mention typedef)  
and perhaps, as Junio mentions above, help the changes progress faster  
by making it easier to find the affected code (e.g. changing or  
removing the typedef would make the compiler find them for you).

For example, if we added this to object.h:

     typedef unsigned char sha1raw_t[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ];

then the above prototype could be immediately converted to (and this  
does compile and pass all the tests):

static int register_ref(const char *refname, const sha1raw_t sha,
                         int flags, void *cb_data)

So that together with Junio's suggestion above (and perhaps also a  
sha1hex_t type) would help mark everything in the first pass that  
needs to be touched again in the second pass.  (I'm just throwing out  
some typedef names as an example, there may be more preferable names  
to "sha1raw_t" and "sha1hex_t", but those names would end up being  
replaced eventually anyway.)

-Kyle 

Re: [PATCH v2 00/10] Use a structure for object IDs.

[Michael Haggerty]

On 03/08/2015 12:23 AM, brian m. carlson wrote:
> This is a patch series to convert some of the relevant uses of unsigned
> char [20] to struct object_id.
> 
> The goal of this series to improve type-checking in the codebase and to
> make it easier to move to a different hash function if the project
> decides to do that.  This series does not convert all of the codebase,
> but only parts.  I've dropped some of the patches from earlier (which no
> longer apply) and added others.
> 
> Certain parts of the code have to be converted before others to keep the
> patch sizes small, maintainable, and bisectable, so functions and
> structures that are used across the codebase (e.g. struct object) will
> be converted later.  Conversion has been done in a somewhat haphazard
> manner by converting modules with leaf functions and less commonly used
> structs first.
> 
> Since part of the goal is to ease a move to a different hash function if
> the project decides to do that, I've adopted Michael Haggerty's
> suggestion of using variables named "oid", naming the structure member
> "sha1", and using GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ and GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ as the constants.
> 
> I've been holding on to this series for a long time in hopes of
> converting more of the code before submitting, but realized that this
> deprived others of the ability to use the new structure and required me
> to rebase extremely frequently.
> [...]

I've added CC to several people who commented on v1.

I think this is a really interesting project and I hope that it works out.

In my opinion, the biggest risk (aside from the sheer amount of work
required) is the issue that was brought up on the mailing list when you
submitted v1 [1]: Converting an arbitrary (unsigned char *) to a (struct
object_id *) is not allowed, because the alignment requirements of the
latter might be stricter than those of the former. This means that if,
for example, we are reading some data from disk or from the network, and
we expect the 20 bytes starting with byte number 17 to be a SHA-1 in
binary format, we used to be able to do

    unsigned char *sha1 = buf + 17;

and use sha1 like any other SHA-1, without the need for any copying. But
we can't do the analogous

    struct object_id *oid = (struct object_id *)(buf + 17);

because the alignment is not necessarily correct. So in a pure "struct
object_id" world, I think we would be forced to change such code to

    struct object_id oid;
    hashcpy(oid.sha1, buf + 17);

This uses additional memory and introduces copying overhead. Also, the
lifetime of oid might exceed the scope of a function, so oid might have
to be allocated on the heap and later freed. This adds more
computational overhead, more memory overhead, and more programming
effort to get it all right.

So as much as I like the idea of wrapping SHA-1s in objects, I think it
would be a good idea to first make sure that we can all agree on a plan
for dealing with situations like this. I can think of the following
possibilities:

1. Maybe code that needs to handle SHA-1s with screwy alignment does not
exist, or maybe it does the copying anyway. I haven't actually checked.

2. Maybe somebody can prove that

       struct object_id *oid = (struct object_id *)(buf + 17);

   somehow *is* allowed by the C standard, or at least that it is
sufficiently portable for our purposes.

3. We accept the additional runtime costs and development effort for the
extra copies. To accept this approach, we would need some idea of which
areas of the code will be affected, and some estimate of how much
additional memory it would cost.

4. We continue to support working with SHA-1s declared to be (unsigned
char *) in some performance-critical code, even as we migrate most other
code to using SHA-1s embedded within a (struct object_id). This will
cost some duplication of code. To accept this approach, we would need an
idea of *how much* code duplication would be needed. E.g., how many
functions will need both (unsigned char *) versions and (struct
object_id *) versions?

5. We only make the change opportunistically. Whenever we find a
function that needs to work with non-struct-aligned SHA-1s, we leave the
function as-is rather than converting it or creating a second version
that works with object_id objects. This approach would leave the
codebase somewhat schizophrenic.

I'm not trying to dissuade you from this project, but I think that for
your project to have a chance of success, we need an answer to this
question. So let's confront it now rather than after you have invested
lots more time and/or gotten patches merged.

Michael

[1] http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/248054

-- 
Michael Haggerty
mhagger@alum.mit.edu

Re: [PATCH v2 00/10] Use a structure for object IDs.

[Junio C Hamano]

Michael Haggerty <mhagger@alum.mit.edu> writes:

> I think this is a really interesting project and I hope that it works out.

Count me in ;-)

> In my opinion, the biggest risk (aside from the sheer amount of work
> required) is the issue that was brought up on the mailing list when you
> submitted v1 [1]: Converting an arbitrary (unsigned char *) to a (struct
> object_id *) is not allowed, because the alignment requirements of the
> latter might be stricter than those of the former. This means that if,
> for example, we are reading some data from disk or from the network, and
> we expect the 20 bytes starting with byte number 17 to be a SHA-1 in
> binary format, we used to be able to do
>
>     unsigned char *sha1 = buf + 17;
>
> and use sha1 like any other SHA-1, without the need for any copying. But
> we can't do the analogous
>
>     struct object_id *oid = (struct object_id *)(buf + 17);
>
> because the alignment is not necessarily correct. So in a pure "struct
> object_id" world, I think we would be forced to change such code to
>
>     struct object_id oid;
>     hashcpy(oid.sha1, buf + 17);
>
> This uses additional memory and introduces copying overhead. Also, the
> lifetime of oid might exceed the scope of a function, so oid might have
> to be allocated on the heap and later freed. This adds more
> computational overhead, more memory overhead, and more programming
> effort to get it all right.

Because we use abstraction to reduce burden on programmers, the last
point is really what defeats this approach.

I wonder if there is any way to make the new "oid wrapped in a
struct" result in identical binary---that would be a reasonable
criterion to judge the goodness of a change line this.  Any
difference could be (1) compiler being (a) stupid and not taking
optimization opportunity it notices for a bare byte array but not
for a byte array in struct or (b) clever and taking optimization
opportunity the other way around, or (2) breakage in the conversion
causing new bugs, perhaps coming from the "alignment" worries you
cited above.  (1-a) may or may not be an acceptable price to pay for
a cleaner abstraction, but that depends on the extent of damage.
(1-b) may be unlikely but if there is such a gain, that's nice ;-).
And (2) is obviously a show-stopper X-<.

> So as much as I like the idea of wrapping SHA-1s in objects, I think it
> would be a good idea to first make sure that we can all agree on a plan
> for dealing with situations like this. I can think of the following
> possibilities:

These all look sensible to me.

> 4. We continue to support working with SHA-1s declared to be (unsigned
> char *) in some performance-critical code, even as we migrate most other
> code to using SHA-1s embedded within a (struct object_id). This will
> cost some duplication of code. To accept this approach, we would need an
> idea of *how much* code duplication would be needed. E.g., how many
> functions will need both (unsigned char *) versions and (struct
> object_id *) versions?

Ideally, only the ones that knows the underlying hash function is
SHA-1 (i.e. anybody who mentions git_SHA_CTX), moves bytes from/to
in-core object name field and raw range of bytes (e.g. sha1hash());
everybody else like hashcpy() and hashcmp() should be able to do its
thing only on structs and a generic-looking constant that denotes
how many bytes there are in the hash (or even sizeof(struct oid)).

I do not know what kind of code duplication you are worried about,
though.  If a callee needs "unsigned char *", the caller that has a
"struct object_id *o" should pass o->hash to the callee.  We should
not add another variant of the same callee that takes a pointer to
"struct object_id"---I think that leads to insanty, e.g.

    int hashcmp_o_o(struct object_id *, struct object_id *);
    int hashcmp_o_b(struct object_id *, unsigned char *);
    int hashcmp_b_o(unsigned char *, struct object_id *);
    int hashcmp_b_b(unsigned char *, unsigned char *);

And please do not suggest switching to C++; all it would do to
overload these into a single name is to make the callers harder to
read.

Re: [PATCH v2 00/10] Use a structure for object IDs.

[brian m. carlson]

[-- Attachment #1: Type: text/plain, Size: 2132 bytes --]

On Wed, Mar 11, 2015 at 01:35:06PM -0700, Junio C Hamano wrote:
>Michael Haggerty <mhagger@alum.mit.edu> writes:
>> 4. We continue to support working with SHA-1s declared to be (unsigned
>> char *) in some performance-critical code, even as we migrate most other
>> code to using SHA-1s embedded within a (struct object_id). This will
>> cost some duplication of code. To accept this approach, we would need an
>> idea of *how much* code duplication would be needed. E.g., how many
>> functions will need both (unsigned char *) versions and (struct
>> object_id *) versions?
>
>Ideally, only the ones that knows the underlying hash function is
>SHA-1 (i.e. anybody who mentions git_SHA_CTX), moves bytes from/to
>in-core object name field and raw range of bytes (e.g. sha1hash());
>everybody else like hashcpy() and hashcmp() should be able to do its
>thing only on structs and a generic-looking constant that denotes
>how many bytes there are in the hash (or even sizeof(struct oid)).
>
>I do not know what kind of code duplication you are worried about,
>though.  If a callee needs "unsigned char *", the caller that has a
>"struct object_id *o" should pass o->hash to the callee.

That's the plan.  My goal (which may or may not be achievable) is to
make hashcpy, hashcmp, and similar functions an implementation detail of
struct object_id functions.  If we have to use o->hash somewhere, okay.
I'm much more interested in practicality than theoretical purity.  I
want these changes to provide easier-to-change, more maintainable code,
not more complex and difficult code.

>And please do not suggest switching to C++; all it would do to
>overload these into a single name is to make the callers harder to
>read.

I'm not considering that.  I've attempted to compile git with g++
before as an idle curiosity, and I gave up almost immediately because it
looked like a bunch of work.
-- 
brian m. carlson / brian with sandals: Houston, Texas, US
+1 832 623 2791 | http://www.crustytoothpaste.net/~bmc | My opinion only
OpenPGP: RSA v4 4096b: 88AC E9B2 9196 305B A994 7552 F1BA 225C 0223 B187

[-- Attachment #2: Digital signature --]
[-- Type: application/pgp-signature, Size: 819 bytes --]

[PATCH v2 00/10] Use a structure for object IDs.

[brian m. carlson]

This is a patch series to convert some of the relevant uses of unsigned
char [20] to struct object_id.

The goal of this series to improve type-checking in the codebase and to
make it easier to move to a different hash function if the project
decides to do that.

There should be no functional change from this patch series.

I've tried to adopt most of the suggestions where possible without major
reworking.

Changes since v1:
* Call the struct member "hash".
* Convert some additional magic numbers to be based off the constants
  GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ and GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ.  Introduce variables where this
  makes sense.
* Define GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ in terms of GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ.
* Move the definition of struct object_id to cache.h.  No new #includes
  are required as a result.
* Use better names for arguments to oidcmp.
* Convert one or two structs that were missed last time.

You can see this series on the object-id branch (may be rebased) at

  https://github.com/bk2204/git.git
  https://git.crustytoothpaste.net/git/bmc/git.git

Both repositories are pushed at the same time.

brian m. carlson (10):
  Define a structure for object IDs.
  Define utility functions for object IDs.
  bisect.c: convert leaf functions to use struct object_id
  archive.c: convert to use struct object_id
  zip: use GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ for trailers
  bulk-checkin.c: convert to use struct object_id
  diff: convert struct combine_diff_path to object_id
  commit: convert parts to struct object_id
  patch-id: convert to use struct object_id
  apply: convert threeway_stage to object_id

 archive-zip.c      |  4 ++--
 archive.c          | 22 ++++++++++-----------
 bisect.c           | 40 +++++++++++++++++++-------------------
 builtin/apply.c    | 14 +++++++-------
 builtin/patch-id.c | 34 ++++++++++++++++-----------------
 bulk-checkin.c     | 12 ++++++------
 cache.h            | 40 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----
 combine-diff.c     | 56 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------------
 commit.c           | 56 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------------
 commit.h           |  4 ++--
 diff-lib.c         | 10 +++++-----
 diff.h             |  5 +++--
 hex.c              | 16 +++++++++++++---
 log-tree.c         |  2 +-
 send-pack.c        |  2 +-
 shallow.c          |  8 ++++----
 tree-diff.c        | 10 +++++-----
 upload-pack.c      |  2 +-
 18 files changed, 192 insertions(+), 145 deletions(-)

-- 
2.2.1.209.g41e5f3a

[PATCH v2 01/10] Define a structure for object IDs.

[brian m. carlson]

Many places throughout the code use "unsigned char [20]" to store object IDs
(SHA-1 values).  This leads to lots of hardcoded numbers throughout the
codebase.  It also leads to confusion about the purposes of a buffer.

Introduce a structure for object IDs.  This allows us to obtain the benefits
of compile-time checking for misuse.  The structure is expected to remain
the same size and have the same alignment requirements on all known
platforms, compared to the array of unsigned char, although this is not
required for correctness.

Signed-off-by: brian m. carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net>
---
 cache.h | 8 ++++++++
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+)

diff --git a/cache.h b/cache.h
index 761c570..6582c35 100644
--- a/cache.h
+++ b/cache.h
@@ -43,6 +43,14 @@ int git_deflate_end_gently(git_zstream *);
 int git_deflate(git_zstream *, int flush);
 unsigned long git_deflate_bound(git_zstream *, unsigned long);
 
+/* The length in bytes and in hex digits of an object name (SHA-1 value). */
+#define GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ 20
+#define GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ (2 * GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ)
+
+struct object_id {
+	unsigned char hash[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ];
+};
+
 #if defined(DT_UNKNOWN) && !defined(NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT)
 #define DTYPE(de)	((de)->d_type)
 #else
-- 
2.2.1.209.g41e5f3a

[PATCH v2 02/10] Define utility functions for object IDs.

[brian m. carlson]

There are several utility functions (hashcmp and friends) that are used
for comparing object IDs (SHA-1 values).  Using these functions, which
take pointers to unsigned char, with struct object_id requires tiresome
access to the sha1 member, which bloats code and violates the desired
encapsulation.  Provide wrappers around these functions for struct
object_id for neater, more maintainable code.  Use the new constants to
avoid the hard-coded 20s and 40s throughout the original functions.

These functions simply call the underlying pointer-to-unsigned-char
versions to ensure that any performance improvements will be passed
through to the new functions.

Signed-off-by: brian m. carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net>
---
 cache.h | 32 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----
 hex.c   | 16 +++++++++++++---
 2 files changed, 41 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cache.h b/cache.h
index 6582c35..95206a3 100644
--- a/cache.h
+++ b/cache.h
@@ -718,13 +718,13 @@ extern char *sha1_pack_name(const unsigned char *sha1);
 extern char *sha1_pack_index_name(const unsigned char *sha1);
 
 extern const char *find_unique_abbrev(const unsigned char *sha1, int);
-extern const unsigned char null_sha1[20];
+extern const unsigned char null_sha1[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ];
 
 static inline int hashcmp(const unsigned char *sha1, const unsigned char *sha2)
 {
 	int i;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < 20; i++, sha1++, sha2++) {
+	for (i = 0; i < GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ; i++, sha1++, sha2++) {
 		if (*sha1 != *sha2)
 			return *sha1 - *sha2;
 	}
@@ -732,20 +732,42 @@ static inline int hashcmp(const unsigned char *sha1, const unsigned char *sha2)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static inline int oidcmp(const struct object_id *oid1, const struct object_id *oid2)
+{
+	return hashcmp(oid1->hash, oid2->hash);
+}
+
 static inline int is_null_sha1(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	return !hashcmp(sha1, null_sha1);
 }
 
+static inline int is_null_oid(const struct object_id *oid)
+{
+	return !hashcmp(oid->hash, null_sha1);
+}
+
 static inline void hashcpy(unsigned char *sha_dst, const unsigned char *sha_src)
 {
-	memcpy(sha_dst, sha_src, 20);
+	memcpy(sha_dst, sha_src, GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ);
 }
+
+static inline void oidcpy(struct object_id *dst, const struct object_id *src)
+{
+	hashcpy(dst->hash, src->hash);
+}
+
 static inline void hashclr(unsigned char *hash)
 {
-	memset(hash, 0, 20);
+	memset(hash, 0, GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ);
 }
 
+static inline void oidclr(struct object_id *oid)
+{
+	hashclr(oid->hash);
+}
+
+
 #define EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_HEX \
 	"4b825dc642cb6eb9a060e54bf8d69288fbee4904"
 #define EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN_LITERAL \
@@ -952,8 +974,10 @@ extern int for_each_abbrev(const char *prefix, each_abbrev_fn, void *);
  * null-terminated string.
  */
 extern int get_sha1_hex(const char *hex, unsigned char *sha1);
+extern int get_oid_hex(const char *hex, struct object_id *sha1);
 
 extern char *sha1_to_hex(const unsigned char *sha1);	/* static buffer result! */
+extern char *oid_to_hex(const struct object_id *oid);	/* same static buffer as sha1_to_hex */
 extern int read_ref_full(const char *refname, int resolve_flags,
 			 unsigned char *sha1, int *flags);
 extern int read_ref(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1);
diff --git a/hex.c b/hex.c
index cfd9d72..899b74a 100644
--- a/hex.c
+++ b/hex.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ const signed char hexval_table[256] = {
 int get_sha1_hex(const char *hex, unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	int i;
-	for (i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
+	for (i = 0; i < GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ; i++) {
 		unsigned int val;
 		/*
 		 * hex[1]=='\0' is caught when val is checked below,
@@ -56,15 +56,20 @@ int get_sha1_hex(const char *hex, unsigned char *sha1)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+int get_oid_hex(const char *hex, struct object_id *oid)
+{
+	return get_sha1_hex(hex, oid->hash);
+}
+
 char *sha1_to_hex(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	static int bufno;
-	static char hexbuffer[4][41];
+	static char hexbuffer[4][GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ + 1];
 	static const char hex[] = "0123456789abcdef";
 	char *buffer = hexbuffer[3 & ++bufno], *buf = buffer;
 	int i;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
+	for (i = 0; i < GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ; i++) {
 		unsigned int val = *sha1++;
 		*buf++ = hex[val >> 4];
 		*buf++ = hex[val & 0xf];
@@ -73,3 +78,8 @@ char *sha1_to_hex(const unsigned char *sha1)
 
 	return buffer;
 }
+
+char *oid_to_hex(const struct object_id *oid)
+{
+	return sha1_to_hex(oid->hash);
+}
-- 
2.2.1.209.g41e5f3a

[PATCH v2 03/10] bisect.c: convert leaf functions to use struct object_id

[brian m. carlson]

Convert some constants to GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ.

Signed-off-by: brian m. carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net>
---
 bisect.c | 40 ++++++++++++++++++++--------------------
 1 file changed, 20 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)

diff --git a/bisect.c b/bisect.c
index 8c6d843..10f5e57 100644
--- a/bisect.c
+++ b/bisect.c
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 static struct sha1_array good_revs;
 static struct sha1_array skipped_revs;
 
-static unsigned char *current_bad_sha1;
+static struct object_id *current_bad_oid;
 
 static const char *argv_checkout[] = {"checkout", "-q", NULL, "--", NULL};
 static const char *argv_show_branch[] = {"show-branch", NULL, NULL};
@@ -404,8 +404,8 @@ static int register_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
 			int flags, void *cb_data)
 {
 	if (!strcmp(refname, "bad")) {
-		current_bad_sha1 = xmalloc(20);
-		hashcpy(current_bad_sha1, sha1);
+		current_bad_oid = xmalloc(sizeof(*current_bad_oid));
+		hashcpy(current_bad_oid->hash, sha1);
 	} else if (starts_with(refname, "good-")) {
 		sha1_array_append(&good_revs, sha1);
 	} else if (starts_with(refname, "skip-")) {
@@ -564,7 +564,7 @@ static struct commit_list *skip_away(struct commit_list *list, int count)
 
 	for (i = 0; cur; cur = cur->next, i++) {
 		if (i == index) {
-			if (hashcmp(cur->item->object.sha1, current_bad_sha1))
+			if (hashcmp(cur->item->object.sha1, current_bad_oid->hash))
 				return cur;
 			if (previous)
 				return previous;
@@ -607,7 +607,7 @@ static void bisect_rev_setup(struct rev_info *revs, const char *prefix,
 
 	/* rev_argv.argv[0] will be ignored by setup_revisions */
 	argv_array_push(&rev_argv, "bisect_rev_setup");
-	argv_array_pushf(&rev_argv, bad_format, sha1_to_hex(current_bad_sha1));
+	argv_array_pushf(&rev_argv, bad_format, oid_to_hex(current_bad_oid));
 	for (i = 0; i < good_revs.nr; i++)
 		argv_array_pushf(&rev_argv, good_format,
 				 sha1_to_hex(good_revs.sha1[i]));
@@ -628,7 +628,7 @@ static void bisect_common(struct rev_info *revs)
 }
 
 static void exit_if_skipped_commits(struct commit_list *tried,
-				    const unsigned char *bad)
+				    const struct object_id *bad)
 {
 	if (!tried)
 		return;
@@ -637,12 +637,12 @@ static void exit_if_skipped_commits(struct commit_list *tried,
 	       "The first bad commit could be any of:\n");
 	print_commit_list(tried, "%s\n", "%s\n");
 	if (bad)
-		printf("%s\n", sha1_to_hex(bad));
+		printf("%s\n", oid_to_hex(bad));
 	printf("We cannot bisect more!\n");
 	exit(2);
 }
 
-static int is_expected_rev(const unsigned char *sha1)
+static int is_expected_rev(const struct object_id *oid)
 {
 	const char *filename = git_path("BISECT_EXPECTED_REV");
 	struct stat st;
@@ -658,7 +658,7 @@ static int is_expected_rev(const unsigned char *sha1)
 		return 0;
 
 	if (strbuf_getline(&str, fp, '\n') != EOF)
-		res = !strcmp(str.buf, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		res = !strcmp(str.buf, oid_to_hex(oid));
 
 	strbuf_release(&str);
 	fclose(fp);
@@ -719,7 +719,7 @@ static struct commit **get_bad_and_good_commits(int *rev_nr)
 	struct commit **rev = xmalloc(len * sizeof(*rev));
 	int i, n = 0;
 
-	rev[n++] = get_commit_reference(current_bad_sha1);
+	rev[n++] = get_commit_reference(current_bad_oid->hash);
 	for (i = 0; i < good_revs.nr; i++)
 		rev[n++] = get_commit_reference(good_revs.sha1[i]);
 	*rev_nr = n;
@@ -729,8 +729,8 @@ static struct commit **get_bad_and_good_commits(int *rev_nr)
 
 static void handle_bad_merge_base(void)
 {
-	if (is_expected_rev(current_bad_sha1)) {
-		char *bad_hex = sha1_to_hex(current_bad_sha1);
+	if (is_expected_rev(current_bad_oid)) {
+		char *bad_hex = oid_to_hex(current_bad_oid);
 		char *good_hex = join_sha1_array_hex(&good_revs, ' ');
 
 		fprintf(stderr, "The merge base %s is bad.\n"
@@ -750,7 +750,7 @@ static void handle_bad_merge_base(void)
 static void handle_skipped_merge_base(const unsigned char *mb)
 {
 	char *mb_hex = sha1_to_hex(mb);
-	char *bad_hex = sha1_to_hex(current_bad_sha1);
+	char *bad_hex = sha1_to_hex(current_bad_oid->hash);
 	char *good_hex = join_sha1_array_hex(&good_revs, ' ');
 
 	warning("the merge base between %s and [%s] "
@@ -781,7 +781,7 @@ static void check_merge_bases(int no_checkout)
 
 	for (; result; result = result->next) {
 		const unsigned char *mb = result->item->object.sha1;
-		if (!hashcmp(mb, current_bad_sha1)) {
+		if (!hashcmp(mb, current_bad_oid->hash)) {
 			handle_bad_merge_base();
 		} else if (0 <= sha1_array_lookup(&good_revs, mb)) {
 			continue;
@@ -838,7 +838,7 @@ static void check_good_are_ancestors_of_bad(const char *prefix, int no_checkout)
 	struct stat st;
 	int fd;
 
-	if (!current_bad_sha1)
+	if (!current_bad_oid)
 		die("a bad revision is needed");
 
 	/* Check if file BISECT_ANCESTORS_OK exists. */
@@ -903,7 +903,7 @@ int bisect_next_all(const char *prefix, int no_checkout)
 	struct commit_list *tried;
 	int reaches = 0, all = 0, nr, steps;
 	const unsigned char *bisect_rev;
-	char bisect_rev_hex[41];
+	char bisect_rev_hex[GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ + 1];
 
 	if (read_bisect_refs())
 		die("reading bisect refs failed");
@@ -927,7 +927,7 @@ int bisect_next_all(const char *prefix, int no_checkout)
 		exit_if_skipped_commits(tried, NULL);
 
 		printf("%s was both good and bad\n",
-		       sha1_to_hex(current_bad_sha1));
+		       oid_to_hex(current_bad_oid));
 		exit(1);
 	}
 
@@ -938,10 +938,10 @@ int bisect_next_all(const char *prefix, int no_checkout)
 	}
 
 	bisect_rev = revs.commits->item->object.sha1;
-	memcpy(bisect_rev_hex, sha1_to_hex(bisect_rev), 41);
+	memcpy(bisect_rev_hex, sha1_to_hex(bisect_rev), GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ + 1);
 
-	if (!hashcmp(bisect_rev, current_bad_sha1)) {
-		exit_if_skipped_commits(tried, current_bad_sha1);
+	if (!hashcmp(bisect_rev, current_bad_oid->hash)) {
+		exit_if_skipped_commits(tried, current_bad_oid);
 		printf("%s is the first bad commit\n", bisect_rev_hex);
 		show_diff_tree(prefix, revs.commits->item);
 		/* This means the bisection process succeeded. */
-- 
2.2.1.209.g41e5f3a

[PATCH v2 04/10] archive.c: convert to use struct object_id

[brian m. carlson]

Signed-off-by: brian m. carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net>
---
 archive.c | 22 +++++++++++-----------
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/archive.c b/archive.c
index 96057ed..d37c41d 100644
--- a/archive.c
+++ b/archive.c
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ static void setup_archive_check(struct git_attr_check *check)
 
 struct directory {
 	struct directory *up;
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct object_id oid;
 	int baselen, len;
 	unsigned mode;
 	int stage;
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ static void queue_directory(const unsigned char *sha1,
 	d->stage   = stage;
 	c->bottom  = d;
 	d->len = sprintf(d->path, "%.*s%s/", (int)base->len, base->buf, filename);
-	hashcpy(d->sha1, sha1);
+	hashcpy(d->oid.hash, sha1);
 }
 
 static int write_directory(struct archiver_context *c)
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ static int write_directory(struct archiver_context *c)
 	d->path[d->len - 1] = '\0'; /* no trailing slash */
 	ret =
 		write_directory(c) ||
-		write_archive_entry(d->sha1, d->path, d->baselen,
+		write_archive_entry(d->oid.hash, d->path, d->baselen,
 				    d->path + d->baselen, d->mode,
 				    d->stage, c) != READ_TREE_RECURSIVE;
 	free(d);
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ static void parse_treeish_arg(const char **argv,
 	time_t archive_time;
 	struct tree *tree;
 	const struct commit *commit;
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct object_id oid;
 
 	/* Remotes are only allowed to fetch actual refs */
 	if (remote && !remote_allow_unreachable) {
@@ -362,15 +362,15 @@ static void parse_treeish_arg(const char **argv,
 		const char *colon = strchrnul(name, ':');
 		int refnamelen = colon - name;
 
-		if (!dwim_ref(name, refnamelen, sha1, &ref))
+		if (!dwim_ref(name, refnamelen, oid.hash, &ref))
 			die("no such ref: %.*s", refnamelen, name);
 		free(ref);
 	}
 
-	if (get_sha1(name, sha1))
+	if (get_sha1(name, oid.hash))
 		die("Not a valid object name");
 
-	commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1);
+	commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(oid.hash, 1);
 	if (commit) {
 		commit_sha1 = commit->object.sha1;
 		archive_time = commit->date;
@@ -379,21 +379,21 @@ static void parse_treeish_arg(const char **argv,
 		archive_time = time(NULL);
 	}
 
-	tree = parse_tree_indirect(sha1);
+	tree = parse_tree_indirect(oid.hash);
 	if (tree == NULL)
 		die("not a tree object");
 
 	if (prefix) {
-		unsigned char tree_sha1[20];
+		struct object_id tree_oid;
 		unsigned int mode;
 		int err;
 
 		err = get_tree_entry(tree->object.sha1, prefix,
-				     tree_sha1, &mode);
+				     tree_oid.hash, &mode);
 		if (err || !S_ISDIR(mode))
 			die("current working directory is untracked");
 
-		tree = parse_tree_indirect(tree_sha1);
+		tree = parse_tree_indirect(tree_oid.hash);
 	}
 	ar_args->tree = tree;
 	ar_args->commit_sha1 = commit_sha1;
-- 
2.2.1.209.g41e5f3a

[PATCH v2 05/10] zip: use GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ for trailers

[brian m. carlson]

Signed-off-by: brian m. carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net>
---
 archive-zip.c | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/archive-zip.c b/archive-zip.c
index 4bde019..b669e50 100644
--- a/archive-zip.c
+++ b/archive-zip.c
@@ -427,12 +427,12 @@ static void write_zip_trailer(const unsigned char *sha1)
 	copy_le16(trailer.entries, zip_dir_entries);
 	copy_le32(trailer.size, zip_dir_offset);
 	copy_le32(trailer.offset, zip_offset);
-	copy_le16(trailer.comment_length, sha1 ? 40 : 0);
+	copy_le16(trailer.comment_length, sha1 ? GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ : 0);
 
 	write_or_die(1, zip_dir, zip_dir_offset);
 	write_or_die(1, &trailer, ZIP_DIR_TRAILER_SIZE);
 	if (sha1)
-		write_or_die(1, sha1_to_hex(sha1), 40);
+		write_or_die(1, sha1_to_hex(sha1), GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ);
 }
 
 static void dos_time(time_t *time, int *dos_date, int *dos_time)
-- 
2.2.1.209.g41e5f3a

[PATCH v2 06/10] bulk-checkin.c: convert to use struct object_id

[brian m. carlson]

Signed-off-by: brian m. carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net>
---
 bulk-checkin.c | 12 ++++++------
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/bulk-checkin.c b/bulk-checkin.c
index 0c4b8a7..c80e503 100644
--- a/bulk-checkin.c
+++ b/bulk-checkin.c
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ static struct bulk_checkin_state {
 
 static void finish_bulk_checkin(struct bulk_checkin_state *state)
 {
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct object_id oid;
 	struct strbuf packname = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int i;
 
@@ -36,11 +36,11 @@ static void finish_bulk_checkin(struct bulk_checkin_state *state)
 		unlink(state->pack_tmp_name);
 		goto clear_exit;
 	} else if (state->nr_written == 1) {
-		sha1close(state->f, sha1, CSUM_FSYNC);
+		sha1close(state->f, oid.hash, CSUM_FSYNC);
 	} else {
-		int fd = sha1close(state->f, sha1, 0);
-		fixup_pack_header_footer(fd, sha1, state->pack_tmp_name,
-					 state->nr_written, sha1,
+		int fd = sha1close(state->f, oid.hash, 0);
+		fixup_pack_header_footer(fd, oid.hash, state->pack_tmp_name,
+					 state->nr_written, oid.hash,
 					 state->offset);
 		close(fd);
 	}
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ static void finish_bulk_checkin(struct bulk_checkin_state *state)
 	strbuf_addf(&packname, "%s/pack/pack-", get_object_directory());
 	finish_tmp_packfile(&packname, state->pack_tmp_name,
 			    state->written, state->nr_written,
-			    &state->pack_idx_opts, sha1);
+			    &state->pack_idx_opts, oid.hash);
 	for (i = 0; i < state->nr_written; i++)
 		free(state->written[i]);
 
-- 
2.2.1.209.g41e5f3a

[PATCH v2 07/10] diff: convert struct combine_diff_path to object_id

[brian m. carlson]

Also, convert a constant to GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ.

Signed-off-by: brian m. carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net>
---
 combine-diff.c | 56 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------------------
 diff-lib.c     | 10 +++++-----
 diff.h         |  5 +++--
 tree-diff.c    | 10 +++++-----
 4 files changed, 41 insertions(+), 40 deletions(-)

diff --git a/combine-diff.c b/combine-diff.c
index 91edce5..8eb7278 100644
--- a/combine-diff.c
+++ b/combine-diff.c
@@ -44,9 +44,9 @@ static struct combine_diff_path *intersect_paths(struct combine_diff_path *curr,
 			memset(p->parent, 0,
 			       sizeof(p->parent[0]) * num_parent);
 
-			hashcpy(p->sha1, q->queue[i]->two->sha1);
+			hashcpy(p->oid.hash, q->queue[i]->two->sha1);
 			p->mode = q->queue[i]->two->mode;
-			hashcpy(p->parent[n].sha1, q->queue[i]->one->sha1);
+			hashcpy(p->parent[n].oid.hash, q->queue[i]->one->sha1);
 			p->parent[n].mode = q->queue[i]->one->mode;
 			p->parent[n].status = q->queue[i]->status;
 			*tail = p;
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ static struct combine_diff_path *intersect_paths(struct combine_diff_path *curr,
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		hashcpy(p->parent[n].sha1, q->queue[i]->one->sha1);
+		hashcpy(p->parent[n].oid.hash, q->queue[i]->one->sha1);
 		p->parent[n].mode = q->queue[i]->one->mode;
 		p->parent[n].status = q->queue[i]->status;
 
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ static struct lline *coalesce_lines(struct lline *base, int *lenbase,
 	return base;
 }
 
-static char *grab_blob(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned int mode,
+static char *grab_blob(const struct object_id *oid, unsigned int mode,
 		       unsigned long *size, struct userdiff_driver *textconv,
 		       const char *path)
 {
@@ -294,20 +294,20 @@ static char *grab_blob(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned int mode,
 	if (S_ISGITLINK(mode)) {
 		blob = xmalloc(100);
 		*size = snprintf(blob, 100,
-				 "Subproject commit %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-	} else if (is_null_sha1(sha1)) {
+				 "Subproject commit %s\n", oid_to_hex(oid));
+	} else if (is_null_oid(oid)) {
 		/* deleted blob */
 		*size = 0;
 		return xcalloc(1, 1);
 	} else if (textconv) {
 		struct diff_filespec *df = alloc_filespec(path);
-		fill_filespec(df, sha1, 1, mode);
+		fill_filespec(df, oid->hash, 1, mode);
 		*size = fill_textconv(textconv, df, &blob);
 		free_filespec(df);
 	} else {
-		blob = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, size);
+		blob = read_sha1_file(oid->hash, &type, size);
 		if (type != OBJ_BLOB)
-			die("object '%s' is not a blob!", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+			die("object '%s' is not a blob!", oid_to_hex(oid));
 	}
 	return blob;
 }
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ static void consume_line(void *state_, char *line, unsigned long len)
 	}
 }
 
-static void combine_diff(const unsigned char *parent, unsigned int mode,
+static void combine_diff(const struct object_id *parent, unsigned int mode,
 			 mmfile_t *result_file,
 			 struct sline *sline, unsigned int cnt, int n,
 			 int num_parent, int result_deleted,
@@ -897,7 +897,7 @@ static void show_combined_header(struct combine_diff_path *elem,
 				 int show_file_header)
 {
 	struct diff_options *opt = &rev->diffopt;
-	int abbrev = DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, FULL_INDEX) ? 40 : DEFAULT_ABBREV;
+	int abbrev = DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, FULL_INDEX) ? GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ : DEFAULT_ABBREV;
 	const char *a_prefix = opt->a_prefix ? opt->a_prefix : "a/";
 	const char *b_prefix = opt->b_prefix ? opt->b_prefix : "b/";
 	const char *c_meta = diff_get_color_opt(opt, DIFF_METAINFO);
@@ -914,11 +914,11 @@ static void show_combined_header(struct combine_diff_path *elem,
 			 "", elem->path, line_prefix, c_meta, c_reset);
 	printf("%s%sindex ", line_prefix, c_meta);
 	for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++) {
-		abb = find_unique_abbrev(elem->parent[i].sha1,
+		abb = find_unique_abbrev(elem->parent[i].oid.hash,
 					 abbrev);
 		printf("%s%s", i ? "," : "", abb);
 	}
-	abb = find_unique_abbrev(elem->sha1, abbrev);
+	abb = find_unique_abbrev(elem->oid.hash, abbrev);
 	printf("..%s%s\n", abb, c_reset);
 
 	if (mode_differs) {
@@ -991,7 +991,7 @@ static void show_patch_diff(struct combine_diff_path *elem, int num_parent,
 
 	/* Read the result of merge first */
 	if (!working_tree_file)
-		result = grab_blob(elem->sha1, elem->mode, &result_size,
+		result = grab_blob(&elem->oid, elem->mode, &result_size,
 				   textconv, elem->path);
 	else {
 		/* Used by diff-tree to read from the working tree */
@@ -1013,12 +1013,12 @@ static void show_patch_diff(struct combine_diff_path *elem, int num_parent,
 			result = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 			elem->mode = canon_mode(st.st_mode);
 		} else if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
-			unsigned char sha1[20];
-			if (resolve_gitlink_ref(elem->path, "HEAD", sha1) < 0)
-				result = grab_blob(elem->sha1, elem->mode,
+			struct object_id oid;
+			if (resolve_gitlink_ref(elem->path, "HEAD", oid.hash) < 0)
+				result = grab_blob(&elem->oid, elem->mode,
 						   &result_size, NULL, NULL);
 			else
-				result = grab_blob(sha1, elem->mode,
+				result = grab_blob(&oid, elem->mode,
 						   &result_size, NULL, NULL);
 		} else if (textconv) {
 			struct diff_filespec *df = alloc_filespec(elem->path);
@@ -1090,7 +1090,7 @@ static void show_patch_diff(struct combine_diff_path *elem, int num_parent,
 		for (i = 0; !is_binary && i < num_parent; i++) {
 			char *buf;
 			unsigned long size;
-			buf = grab_blob(elem->parent[i].sha1,
+			buf = grab_blob(&elem->parent[i].oid,
 					elem->parent[i].mode,
 					&size, NULL, NULL);
 			if (buffer_is_binary(buf, size))
@@ -1139,14 +1139,14 @@ static void show_patch_diff(struct combine_diff_path *elem, int num_parent,
 	for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++) {
 		int j;
 		for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
-			if (!hashcmp(elem->parent[i].sha1,
-				     elem->parent[j].sha1)) {
+			if (!oidcmp(&elem->parent[i].oid,
+				     &elem->parent[j].oid)) {
 				reuse_combine_diff(sline, cnt, i, j);
 				break;
 			}
 		}
 		if (i <= j)
-			combine_diff(elem->parent[i].sha1,
+			combine_diff(&elem->parent[i].oid,
 				     elem->parent[i].mode,
 				     &result_file, sline,
 				     cnt, i, num_parent, result_deleted,
@@ -1206,9 +1206,9 @@ static void show_raw_diff(struct combine_diff_path *p, int num_parent, struct re
 
 		/* Show sha1's */
 		for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++)
-			printf(" %s", diff_unique_abbrev(p->parent[i].sha1,
+			printf(" %s", diff_unique_abbrev(p->parent[i].oid.hash,
 							 opt->abbrev));
-		printf(" %s ", diff_unique_abbrev(p->sha1, opt->abbrev));
+		printf(" %s ", diff_unique_abbrev(p->oid.hash, opt->abbrev));
 	}
 
 	if (opt->output_format & (DIFF_FORMAT_RAW | DIFF_FORMAT_NAME_STATUS)) {
@@ -1271,16 +1271,16 @@ static struct diff_filepair *combined_pair(struct combine_diff_path *p,
 	for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++) {
 		pair->one[i].path = p->path;
 		pair->one[i].mode = p->parent[i].mode;
-		hashcpy(pair->one[i].sha1, p->parent[i].sha1);
-		pair->one[i].sha1_valid = !is_null_sha1(p->parent[i].sha1);
+		hashcpy(pair->one[i].sha1, p->parent[i].oid.hash);
+		pair->one[i].sha1_valid = !is_null_oid(&p->parent[i].oid);
 		pair->one[i].has_more_entries = 1;
 	}
 	pair->one[num_parent - 1].has_more_entries = 0;
 
 	pair->two->path = p->path;
 	pair->two->mode = p->mode;
-	hashcpy(pair->two->sha1, p->sha1);
-	pair->two->sha1_valid = !is_null_sha1(p->sha1);
+	hashcpy(pair->two->sha1, p->oid.hash);
+	pair->two->sha1_valid = !is_null_oid(&p->oid);
 	return pair;
 }
 
diff --git a/diff-lib.c b/diff-lib.c
index a85c497..241a843 100644
--- a/diff-lib.c
+++ b/diff-lib.c
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ int run_diff_files(struct rev_info *revs, unsigned int option)
 			dpath->next = NULL;
 			memcpy(dpath->path, ce->name, path_len);
 			dpath->path[path_len] = '\0';
-			hashclr(dpath->sha1);
+			oidclr(&dpath->oid);
 			memset(&(dpath->parent[0]), 0,
 			       sizeof(struct combine_diff_parent)*5);
 
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ int run_diff_files(struct rev_info *revs, unsigned int option)
 				if (2 <= stage) {
 					int mode = nce->ce_mode;
 					num_compare_stages++;
-					hashcpy(dpath->parent[stage-2].sha1, nce->sha1);
+					hashcpy(dpath->parent[stage-2].oid.hash, nce->sha1);
 					dpath->parent[stage-2].mode = ce_mode_from_stat(nce, mode);
 					dpath->parent[stage-2].status =
 						DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED;
@@ -339,14 +339,14 @@ static int show_modified(struct rev_info *revs,
 		memcpy(p->path, new->name, pathlen);
 		p->path[pathlen] = 0;
 		p->mode = mode;
-		hashclr(p->sha1);
+		oidclr(&p->oid);
 		memset(p->parent, 0, 2 * sizeof(struct combine_diff_parent));
 		p->parent[0].status = DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED;
 		p->parent[0].mode = new->ce_mode;
-		hashcpy(p->parent[0].sha1, new->sha1);
+		hashcpy(p->parent[0].oid.hash, new->sha1);
 		p->parent[1].status = DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED;
 		p->parent[1].mode = old->ce_mode;
-		hashcpy(p->parent[1].sha1, old->sha1);
+		hashcpy(p->parent[1].oid.hash, old->sha1);
 		show_combined_diff(p, 2, revs->dense_combined_merges, revs);
 		free(p);
 		return 0;
diff --git a/diff.h b/diff.h
index b4a624d..f6fdf49 100644
--- a/diff.h
+++ b/diff.h
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 #include "tree-walk.h"
 #include "pathspec.h"
+#include "object.h"
 
 struct rev_info;
 struct diff_options;
@@ -207,11 +208,11 @@ struct combine_diff_path {
 	struct combine_diff_path *next;
 	char *path;
 	unsigned int mode;
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct object_id oid;
 	struct combine_diff_parent {
 		char status;
 		unsigned int mode;
-		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		struct object_id oid;
 	} parent[FLEX_ARRAY];
 };
 #define combine_diff_path_size(n, l) \
diff --git a/tree-diff.c b/tree-diff.c
index e7b378c..290a1da 100644
--- a/tree-diff.c
+++ b/tree-diff.c
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ static int emit_diff_first_parent_only(struct diff_options *opt, struct combine_
 {
 	struct combine_diff_parent *p0 = &p->parent[0];
 	if (p->mode && p0->mode) {
-		opt->change(opt, p0->mode, p->mode, p0->sha1, p->sha1,
+		opt->change(opt, p0->mode, p->mode, p0->oid.hash, p->oid.hash,
 			1, 1, p->path, 0, 0);
 	}
 	else {
@@ -74,11 +74,11 @@ static int emit_diff_first_parent_only(struct diff_options *opt, struct combine_
 
 		if (p->mode) {
 			addremove = '+';
-			sha1 = p->sha1;
+			sha1 = p->oid.hash;
 			mode = p->mode;
 		} else {
 			addremove = '-';
-			sha1 = p0->sha1;
+			sha1 = p0->oid.hash;
 			mode = p0->mode;
 		}
 
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ static struct combine_diff_path *path_appendnew(struct combine_diff_path *last,
 	memcpy(p->path + base->len, path, pathlen);
 	p->path[len] = 0;
 	p->mode = mode;
-	hashcpy(p->sha1, sha1 ? sha1 : null_sha1);
+	hashcpy(p->oid.hash, sha1 ? sha1 : null_sha1);
 
 	return p;
 }
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ static struct combine_diff_path *emit_path(struct combine_diff_path *p,
 			}
 
 			p->parent[i].mode = mode_i;
-			hashcpy(p->parent[i].sha1, sha1_i ? sha1_i : null_sha1);
+			hashcpy(p->parent[i].oid.hash, sha1_i ? sha1_i : null_sha1);
 		}
 
 		keep = 1;
-- 
2.2.1.209.g41e5f3a

[PATCH v2 08/10] commit: convert parts to struct object_id

[brian m. carlson]

Convert struct commit_graft and necessary local parts of commit.c.
Also, convert several constants based on the hex length of an SHA-1 to
use GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ, and move several magic constants into variables for
readability.

Signed-off-by: brian m. carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net>
---
 commit.c      | 56 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------------------
 commit.h      |  4 ++--
 log-tree.c    |  2 +-
 send-pack.c   |  2 +-
 shallow.c     |  8 ++++----
 upload-pack.c |  2 +-
 6 files changed, 39 insertions(+), 35 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commit.c b/commit.c
index a8c7577..2d9de80 100644
--- a/commit.c
+++ b/commit.c
@@ -55,12 +55,12 @@ struct commit *lookup_commit(const unsigned char *sha1)
 
 struct commit *lookup_commit_reference_by_name(const char *name)
 {
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct object_id oid;
 	struct commit *commit;
 
-	if (get_sha1_committish(name, sha1))
+	if (get_sha1_committish(name, oid.hash))
 		return NULL;
-	commit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
+	commit = lookup_commit_reference(oid.hash);
 	if (parse_commit(commit))
 		return NULL;
 	return commit;
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ static int commit_graft_alloc, commit_graft_nr;
 static const unsigned char *commit_graft_sha1_access(size_t index, void *table)
 {
 	struct commit_graft **commit_graft_table = table;
-	return commit_graft_table[index]->sha1;
+	return commit_graft_table[index]->oid.hash;
 }
 
 static int commit_graft_pos(const unsigned char *sha1)
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ static int commit_graft_pos(const unsigned char *sha1)
 
 int register_commit_graft(struct commit_graft *graft, int ignore_dups)
 {
-	int pos = commit_graft_pos(graft->sha1);
+	int pos = commit_graft_pos(graft->oid.hash);
 
 	if (0 <= pos) {
 		if (ignore_dups)
@@ -138,22 +138,23 @@ struct commit_graft *read_graft_line(char *buf, int len)
 	/* The format is just "Commit Parent1 Parent2 ...\n" */
 	int i;
 	struct commit_graft *graft = NULL;
+	const int entry_size = GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ + 1;
 
 	while (len && isspace(buf[len-1]))
 		buf[--len] = '\0';
 	if (buf[0] == '#' || buf[0] == '\0')
 		return NULL;
-	if ((len + 1) % 41)
+	if ((len + 1) % entry_size)
 		goto bad_graft_data;
-	i = (len + 1) / 41 - 1;
-	graft = xmalloc(sizeof(*graft) + 20 * i);
+	i = (len + 1) / entry_size - 1;
+	graft = xmalloc(sizeof(*graft) + GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ * i);
 	graft->nr_parent = i;
-	if (get_sha1_hex(buf, graft->sha1))
+	if (get_oid_hex(buf, &graft->oid))
 		goto bad_graft_data;
-	for (i = 40; i < len; i += 41) {
+	for (i = GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ; i < len; i += entry_size) {
 		if (buf[i] != ' ')
 			goto bad_graft_data;
-		if (get_sha1_hex(buf + i + 1, graft->parent[i/41]))
+		if (get_sha1_hex(buf + i + 1, graft->parent[i/entry_size].hash))
 			goto bad_graft_data;
 	}
 	return graft;
@@ -302,39 +303,42 @@ int parse_commit_buffer(struct commit *item, const void *buffer, unsigned long s
 {
 	const char *tail = buffer;
 	const char *bufptr = buffer;
-	unsigned char parent[20];
+	struct object_id parent;
 	struct commit_list **pptr;
 	struct commit_graft *graft;
+	const int tree_entry_len = GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ + 5;
+	const int parent_entry_len = GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ + 7;
 
 	if (item->object.parsed)
 		return 0;
 	item->object.parsed = 1;
 	tail += size;
-	if (tail <= bufptr + 46 || memcmp(bufptr, "tree ", 5) || bufptr[45] != '\n')
+	if (tail <= bufptr + tree_entry_len + 1 || memcmp(bufptr, "tree ", 5) ||
+			bufptr[tree_entry_len] != '\n')
 		return error("bogus commit object %s", sha1_to_hex(item->object.sha1));
-	if (get_sha1_hex(bufptr + 5, parent) < 0)
+	if (get_sha1_hex(bufptr + 5, parent.hash) < 0)
 		return error("bad tree pointer in commit %s",
 			     sha1_to_hex(item->object.sha1));
-	item->tree = lookup_tree(parent);
-	bufptr += 46; /* "tree " + "hex sha1" + "\n" */
+	item->tree = lookup_tree(parent.hash);
+	bufptr += tree_entry_len + 1; /* "tree " + "hex sha1" + "\n" */
 	pptr = &item->parents;
 
 	graft = lookup_commit_graft(item->object.sha1);
-	while (bufptr + 48 < tail && !memcmp(bufptr, "parent ", 7)) {
+	while (bufptr + parent_entry_len < tail && !memcmp(bufptr, "parent ", 7)) {
 		struct commit *new_parent;
 
-		if (tail <= bufptr + 48 ||
-		    get_sha1_hex(bufptr + 7, parent) ||
-		    bufptr[47] != '\n')
+		if (tail <= bufptr + parent_entry_len + 1 ||
+		    get_sha1_hex(bufptr + 7, parent.hash) ||
+		    bufptr[parent_entry_len] != '\n')
 			return error("bad parents in commit %s", sha1_to_hex(item->object.sha1));
-		bufptr += 48;
+		bufptr += parent_entry_len + 1;
 		/*
 		 * The clone is shallow if nr_parent < 0, and we must
 		 * not traverse its real parents even when we unhide them.
 		 */
 		if (graft && (graft->nr_parent < 0 || grafts_replace_parents))
 			continue;
-		new_parent = lookup_commit(parent);
+		new_parent = lookup_commit(parent.hash);
 		if (new_parent)
 			pptr = &commit_list_insert(new_parent, pptr)->next;
 	}
@@ -342,7 +346,7 @@ int parse_commit_buffer(struct commit *item, const void *buffer, unsigned long s
 		int i;
 		struct commit *new_parent;
 		for (i = 0; i < graft->nr_parent; i++) {
-			new_parent = lookup_commit(graft->parent[i]);
+			new_parent = lookup_commit(graft->parent[i].hash);
 			if (!new_parent)
 				continue;
 			pptr = &commit_list_insert(new_parent, pptr)->next;
@@ -1580,10 +1584,10 @@ struct commit *get_merge_parent(const char *name)
 {
 	struct object *obj;
 	struct commit *commit;
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	if (get_sha1(name, sha1))
+	struct object_id oid;
+	if (get_sha1(name, oid.hash))
 		return NULL;
-	obj = parse_object(sha1);
+	obj = parse_object(oid.hash);
 	commit = (struct commit *)peel_to_type(name, 0, obj, OBJ_COMMIT);
 	if (commit && !commit->util) {
 		struct merge_remote_desc *desc;
diff --git a/commit.h b/commit.h
index 9f189cb..ed3a1d5 100644
--- a/commit.h
+++ b/commit.h
@@ -226,9 +226,9 @@ enum rev_sort_order {
 void sort_in_topological_order(struct commit_list **, enum rev_sort_order);
 
 struct commit_graft {
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct object_id oid;
 	int nr_parent; /* < 0 if shallow commit */
-	unsigned char parent[FLEX_ARRAY][20]; /* more */
+	struct object_id parent[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
 };
 typedef int (*each_commit_graft_fn)(const struct commit_graft *, void *);
 
diff --git a/log-tree.c b/log-tree.c
index 7f0890e..51cc695 100644
--- a/log-tree.c
+++ b/log-tree.c
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ static int add_ref_decoration(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, in
 
 static int add_graft_decoration(const struct commit_graft *graft, void *cb_data)
 {
-	struct commit *commit = lookup_commit(graft->sha1);
+	struct commit *commit = lookup_commit(graft->oid.hash);
 	if (!commit)
 		return 0;
 	add_name_decoration(DECORATION_GRAFTED, "grafted", &commit->object);
diff --git a/send-pack.c b/send-pack.c
index 9d2b0c5..b2fd767 100644
--- a/send-pack.c
+++ b/send-pack.c
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ static int advertise_shallow_grafts_cb(const struct commit_graft *graft, void *c
 {
 	struct strbuf *sb = cb;
 	if (graft->nr_parent == -1)
-		packet_buf_write(sb, "shallow %s\n", sha1_to_hex(graft->sha1));
+		packet_buf_write(sb, "shallow %s\n", oid_to_hex(&graft->oid));
 	return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/shallow.c b/shallow.c
index d8bf40a..d08d264 100644
--- a/shallow.c
+++ b/shallow.c
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ int register_shallow(const unsigned char *sha1)
 		xmalloc(sizeof(struct commit_graft));
 	struct commit *commit = lookup_commit(sha1);
 
-	hashcpy(graft->sha1, sha1);
+	hashcpy(graft->oid.hash, sha1);
 	graft->nr_parent = -1;
 	if (commit && commit->object.parsed)
 		commit->parents = NULL;
@@ -159,11 +159,11 @@ struct write_shallow_data {
 static int write_one_shallow(const struct commit_graft *graft, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct write_shallow_data *data = cb_data;
-	const char *hex = sha1_to_hex(graft->sha1);
+	const char *hex = oid_to_hex(&graft->oid);
 	if (graft->nr_parent != -1)
 		return 0;
 	if (data->flags & SEEN_ONLY) {
-		struct commit *c = lookup_commit(graft->sha1);
+		struct commit *c = lookup_commit(graft->oid.hash);
 		if (!c || !(c->object.flags & SEEN)) {
 			if (data->flags & VERBOSE)
 				printf("Removing %s from .git/shallow\n",
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ static int advertise_shallow_grafts_cb(const struct commit_graft *graft, void *c
 {
 	int fd = *(int *)cb;
 	if (graft->nr_parent == -1)
-		packet_write(fd, "shallow %s\n", sha1_to_hex(graft->sha1));
+		packet_write(fd, "shallow %s\n", oid_to_hex(&graft->oid));
 	return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/upload-pack.c b/upload-pack.c
index b531a32..0566ce0 100644
--- a/upload-pack.c
+++ b/upload-pack.c
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ static int write_one_shallow(const struct commit_graft *graft, void *cb_data)
 {
 	FILE *fp = cb_data;
 	if (graft->nr_parent == -1)
-		fprintf(fp, "--shallow %s\n", sha1_to_hex(graft->sha1));
+		fprintf(fp, "--shallow %s\n", oid_to_hex(&graft->oid));
 	return 0;
 }
 
-- 
2.2.1.209.g41e5f3a

[PATCH v2 09/10] patch-id: convert to use struct object_id

[brian m. carlson]

Convert some magic numbers to the new GIT_SHA1 constants.

Signed-off-by: brian m. carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net>
---
 builtin/patch-id.c | 34 +++++++++++++++++-----------------
 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/builtin/patch-id.c b/builtin/patch-id.c
index 77db873..ba34dac 100644
--- a/builtin/patch-id.c
+++ b/builtin/patch-id.c
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 #include "builtin.h"
 
-static void flush_current_id(int patchlen, unsigned char *id, unsigned char *result)
+static void flush_current_id(int patchlen, struct object_id *id, struct object_id *result)
 {
 	char name[50];
 
 	if (!patchlen)
 		return;
 
-	memcpy(name, sha1_to_hex(id), 41);
-	printf("%s %s\n", sha1_to_hex(result), name);
+	memcpy(name, oid_to_hex(id), GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ + 1);
+	printf("%s %s\n", oid_to_hex(result), name);
 }
 
 static int remove_space(char *line)
@@ -53,23 +53,23 @@ static int scan_hunk_header(const char *p, int *p_before, int *p_after)
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static void flush_one_hunk(unsigned char *result, git_SHA_CTX *ctx)
+static void flush_one_hunk(struct object_id *result, git_SHA_CTX *ctx)
 {
-	unsigned char hash[20];
+	unsigned char hash[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ];
 	unsigned short carry = 0;
 	int i;
 
 	git_SHA1_Final(hash, ctx);
 	git_SHA1_Init(ctx);
 	/* 20-byte sum, with carry */
-	for (i = 0; i < 20; ++i) {
-		carry += result[i] + hash[i];
-		result[i] = carry;
+	for (i = 0; i < GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ; ++i) {
+		carry += result->hash[i] + hash[i];
+		result->hash[i] = carry;
 		carry >>= 8;
 	}
 }
 
-static int get_one_patchid(unsigned char *next_sha1, unsigned char *result,
+static int get_one_patchid(struct object_id *next_oid, struct object_id *result,
 			   struct strbuf *line_buf, int stable)
 {
 	int patchlen = 0, found_next = 0;
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ static int get_one_patchid(unsigned char *next_sha1, unsigned char *result,
 	git_SHA_CTX ctx;
 
 	git_SHA1_Init(&ctx);
-	hashclr(result);
+	oidclr(result);
 
 	while (strbuf_getwholeline(line_buf, stdin, '\n') != EOF) {
 		char *line = line_buf->buf;
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ static int get_one_patchid(unsigned char *next_sha1, unsigned char *result,
 		else if (!memcmp(line, "\\ ", 2) && 12 < strlen(line))
 			continue;
 
-		if (!get_sha1_hex(p, next_sha1)) {
+		if (!get_oid_hex(p, next_oid)) {
 			found_next = 1;
 			break;
 		}
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ static int get_one_patchid(unsigned char *next_sha1, unsigned char *result,
 	}
 
 	if (!found_next)
-		hashclr(next_sha1);
+		oidclr(next_oid);
 
 	flush_one_hunk(result, &ctx);
 
@@ -152,15 +152,15 @@ static int get_one_patchid(unsigned char *next_sha1, unsigned char *result,
 
 static void generate_id_list(int stable)
 {
-	unsigned char sha1[20], n[20], result[20];
+	struct object_id oid, n, result;
 	int patchlen;
 	struct strbuf line_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	hashclr(sha1);
+	oidclr(&oid);
 	while (!feof(stdin)) {
-		patchlen = get_one_patchid(n, result, &line_buf, stable);
-		flush_current_id(patchlen, sha1, result);
-		hashcpy(sha1, n);
+		patchlen = get_one_patchid(&n, &result, &line_buf, stable);
+		flush_current_id(patchlen, &oid, &result);
+		oidcpy(&oid, &n);
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&line_buf);
 }
-- 
2.2.1.209.g41e5f3a

[PATCH v2 10/10] apply: convert threeway_stage to object_id

[brian m. carlson]

Signed-off-by: brian m. carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net>
---
 builtin/apply.c | 14 +++++++-------
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/builtin/apply.c b/builtin/apply.c
index 65b97ee..c2c8f39 100644
--- a/builtin/apply.c
+++ b/builtin/apply.c
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ struct patch {
 	struct patch *next;
 
 	/* three-way fallback result */
-	unsigned char threeway_stage[3][20];
+	struct object_id threeway_stage[3];
 };
 
 static void free_fragment_list(struct fragment *list)
@@ -3424,11 +3424,11 @@ static int try_threeway(struct image *image, struct patch *patch,
 	if (status) {
 		patch->conflicted_threeway = 1;
 		if (patch->is_new)
-			hashclr(patch->threeway_stage[0]);
+			oidclr(&patch->threeway_stage[0]);
 		else
-			hashcpy(patch->threeway_stage[0], pre_sha1);
-		hashcpy(patch->threeway_stage[1], our_sha1);
-		hashcpy(patch->threeway_stage[2], post_sha1);
+			hashcpy(patch->threeway_stage[0].hash, pre_sha1);
+		hashcpy(patch->threeway_stage[1].hash, our_sha1);
+		hashcpy(patch->threeway_stage[2].hash, post_sha1);
 		fprintf(stderr, "Applied patch to '%s' with conflicts.\n", patch->new_name);
 	} else {
 		fprintf(stderr, "Applied patch to '%s' cleanly.\n", patch->new_name);
@@ -4184,14 +4184,14 @@ static void add_conflicted_stages_file(struct patch *patch)
 
 	remove_file_from_cache(patch->new_name);
 	for (stage = 1; stage < 4; stage++) {
-		if (is_null_sha1(patch->threeway_stage[stage - 1]))
+		if (is_null_oid(&patch->threeway_stage[stage - 1]))
 			continue;
 		ce = xcalloc(1, ce_size);
 		memcpy(ce->name, patch->new_name, namelen);
 		ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(mode);
 		ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(stage);
 		ce->ce_namelen = namelen;
-		hashcpy(ce->sha1, patch->threeway_stage[stage - 1]);
+		hashcpy(ce->sha1, patch->threeway_stage[stage - 1].hash);
 		if (add_cache_entry(ce, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD) < 0)
 			die(_("unable to add cache entry for %s"), patch->new_name);
 	}
-- 
2.2.1.209.g41e5f3a

Re: [PATCH v2 00/10] Use a structure for object IDs.

[brian m. carlson]

[-- Attachment #1: Type: text/plain, Size: 411 bytes --]

On Fri, Mar 13, 2015 at 11:39:26PM +0000, brian m. carlson wrote:
>
>Changes since v1:

I just realized that I sent this out as v2 instead of v3.  It really is
v3.  My apologies for the error.
-- 
brian m. carlson / brian with sandals: Houston, Texas, US
+1 832 623 2791 | http://www.crustytoothpaste.net/~bmc | My opinion only
OpenPGP: RSA v4 4096b: 88AC E9B2 9196 305B A994 7552 F1BA 225C 0223 B187

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