Re: Undo last commit?

[Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com>]

Hi,

Jakub Narebski wrote:
> Mike <xandrani@gmail.com> writes:

>> % git reset --hard HEAD~1
>
> Errr... here you screwed up.  This reset state of you working area to
> the state at last commit, removing all your changes to tracked files.

Or rather, here we screwed up.  Jakub and others gave some useful
advice about how to recover, so let's consider how the UI or
documentation could be improved to prevent it from happening again.

* In this example if I understand correctly then the index contained
  some useful information, perhaps about a larger commit intended for
  later.  To preserve that, you could have used

	git reset --soft HEAD~1

  which would _just_ undo the effect of "git commit", leaving the index
  and worktree alone.

* Another situation that comes up from time to time is making a change
  that just turned out to be a bad idea.  After commiting it, you might
  want to discard the erroneous change, like so:

	git reset --keep HEAD~1

  The "--keep" option uses some safeguards to make sure that only the
  committed change gets discarded, instead of clobbering local changes
  at the same time.

* In the early days of git, the "--keep" option did not exist.  So a lot
  of old documentation recommends to do

	git reset --hard HEAD~1

  which is the same if you don't have any local changes.

It would be useful to fix such documentation by adding a few words
about local changes.  Recently Duy wrote a patch to improve "reset -h"
output in that vein, but discussion drifted off:

 http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/170266

I also sent a couple of documentation patches and then dropped the
ball:

 http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/165358
 http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/160319

If someone wants to pick any of these up and run with it, I wouldn't
mind (hey, I'd be happy).

Thanks for a useful example.
Jonathan