[PATCH 01/11] midx: avoid duplicate packed_git entries

[Jeff King <peff@peff.net>]

When we scan a pack directory to load the idx entries we find into the
packed_git list, we skip any of them that are contained in a midx. We
then load them later lazily if we actually need to access the
corresponding pack, referencing them both from the midx struct and the
packed_git list.

The lazy-load in the midx code checks to see if the midx already
mentions the pack, but doesn't otherwise check the packed_git list. This
makes sense, since we should have added any pack to both lists.

But there's a loophole! If we call close_object_store(), that frees the
midx entirely, but _not_ the packed_git structs, which we must keep
around for Reasons[1]. If we then try to look up more objects, we'll
auto-load the midx again, which won't realize that we've already loaded
those packs, and will create duplicate entries in the packed_git list.

This is possibly inefficient, because it means we may open and map the
pack redundantly. But it can also lead to weird user-visible behavior.
The case I found is in "git repack", which closes and reopens the midx
after repacking and then calls update_server_info(). We end up writing
the duplicate entries into objects/info/packs.

We could obviously de-dup them while writing that file, but it seems
like a violation of more core assumptions that we end up with these
duplicate structs at all.

We can avoid the duplicates reasonably efficiently by checking their
names in the pack_map hash. This annoyingly does require a little more
than a straight hash lookup due to the naming conventions, but it should
only happen when we are about to actually open a pack. I don't think one
extra malloc will be noticeable there.

[1] I'm not entirely sure of all the details, except that we generally
    assume the packed_git structs never go away. We noted this
    restriction in the comment added by 6f1e9394e2 (object: fix leaking
    packfiles when closing object store, 2024-08-08), but it's somewhat
    vague. At any rate, if you try freeing the structs in
    close_object_store(), you can observe segfaults all over the test
    suite. So it might be fixable, but it's not trivial.

Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
---
+cc Stolee here as the original midx author. I can't think of a good
reason we'd want to avoid this dup-detection here.

 midx.c                        | 20 +++++++++++++++++---
 t/t5200-update-server-info.sh |  8 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/midx.c b/midx.c
index 67e0d64004..479812cb9b 100644
--- a/midx.c
+++ b/midx.c
@@ -445,6 +445,7 @@ int prepare_midx_pack(struct repository *r, struct multi_pack_index *m,
 		      uint32_t pack_int_id)
 {
 	struct strbuf pack_name = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf key = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct packed_git *p;
 
 	pack_int_id = midx_for_pack(&m, pack_int_id);
@@ -455,16 +456,29 @@ int prepare_midx_pack(struct repository *r, struct multi_pack_index *m,
 	strbuf_addf(&pack_name, "%s/pack/%s", m->object_dir,
 		    m->pack_names[pack_int_id]);
 
-	p = add_packed_git(pack_name.buf, pack_name.len, m->local);
+	/* pack_map holds the ".pack" name, but we have the .idx */
+	strbuf_addbuf(&key, &pack_name);
+	strbuf_strip_suffix(&key, ".idx");
+	strbuf_addstr(&key, ".pack");
+	p = hashmap_get_entry_from_hash(&r->objects->pack_map,
+					strhash(key.buf), key.buf,
+					struct packed_git, packmap_ent);
+	if (!p) {
+		p = add_packed_git(pack_name.buf, pack_name.len, m->local);
+		if (p) {
+			install_packed_git(r, p);
+			list_add_tail(&p->mru, &r->objects->packed_git_mru);
+		}
+	}
+
 	strbuf_release(&pack_name);
+	strbuf_release(&key);
 
 	if (!p)
 		return 1;
 
 	p->multi_pack_index = 1;
 	m->packs[pack_int_id] = p;
-	install_packed_git(r, p);
-	list_add_tail(&p->mru, &r->objects->packed_git_mru);
 
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/t/t5200-update-server-info.sh b/t/t5200-update-server-info.sh
index ed9dfd624c..cc51c73986 100755
--- a/t/t5200-update-server-info.sh
+++ b/t/t5200-update-server-info.sh
@@ -39,4 +39,12 @@ test_expect_success 'info/refs updates when changes are made' '
 	! test_cmp a b
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'midx does not create duplicate pack entries' '
+	git repack -d --write-midx &&
+	git repack -d &&
+	grep ^P .git/objects/info/packs >packs &&
+	uniq -d <packs >dups &&
+	test_must_be_empty dups
+'
+
 test_done
-- 
2.47.0.363.g6e72b256be