[PATCH 1/8] t/helper: add 'test-tool bitmap write' subcommand

[Taylor Blau <me@ttaylorr.com>]

In f16eb1c091 (pseudo-merge: fix disk reads from find_pseudo_merge(),
2026-03-31), we noted that `apply_pseudo_merges_for_commit()` is never
triggered by the existing test suite, and that this bears further
investigation.

This patch is the first one to begin that investigation. The following
patches will expose and fix a variety of bugs in the implementation of
pseudo-merge bitmaps.

In order to do so, however, many of these tests require very precise
selection of which commits receive bitmaps and which do not. To date,
there isn't a standard approach to easily facilitate this. Address this
by introducing a `test-tool bitmap write` subcommand that writes a
bitmap for a given packfile, reading the set of commits which should
receive individual bitmaps from stdin like so:

    test-tool bitmap write <pack-basename> </path/to/commits.list

, where "<pack-basename>" is the filename for a specific packfile (e.g.,
"pack-abc123.pack"), and "/path/to/commits.list" is a list of commit
OIDs which will receive bitmaps.

The helper respects `bitmapPseudoMerge.*` configuration for creating
pseudo-merge bitmaps alongside the regular commit bitmaps.

Signed-off-by: Taylor Blau <me@ttaylorr.com>
---
 t/helper/test-bitmap.c  | 110 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 t/t5310-pack-bitmaps.sh |  24 +++++++++
 2 files changed, 133 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/t/helper/test-bitmap.c b/t/helper/test-bitmap.c
index 16a01669e41..96c0000c787 100644
--- a/t/helper/test-bitmap.c
+++ b/t/helper/test-bitmap.c
@@ -2,7 +2,10 @@
 
 #include "test-tool.h"
 #include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "hex.h"
+#include "odb.h"
 #include "pack-bitmap.h"
+#include "pseudo-merge.h"
 #include "setup.h"
 
 static int bitmap_list_commits(void)
@@ -35,6 +38,108 @@ static int bitmap_dump_pseudo_merge_objects(uint32_t n)
 	return test_bitmap_pseudo_merge_objects(the_repository, n);
 }
 
+struct bitmap_writer_data {
+	struct packing_data packed;
+	struct pack_idx_entry **index;
+	uint32_t nr;
+};
+
+static int add_packed_object(const struct object_id *oid,
+			     struct packed_git *pack,
+			     uint32_t pos,
+			     void *_data)
+{
+	struct bitmap_writer_data *data = _data;
+	struct object_entry *entry;
+	struct object_info oi = OBJECT_INFO_INIT;
+	enum object_type type;
+
+	oi.typep = &type;
+
+	entry = packlist_alloc(&data->packed, oid);
+	entry->idx.offset = nth_packed_object_offset(pack, pos);
+	if (packed_object_info(pack, entry->idx.offset, &oi) < 0)
+		die("could not get type of object %s",
+		    oid_to_hex(oid));
+	oe_set_type(entry, type);
+	oe_set_in_pack(&data->packed, entry, pack);
+	data->index[data->nr++] = &entry->idx;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int idx_oid_cmp(const void *va, const void *vb)
+{
+	const struct pack_idx_entry *a = *(const struct pack_idx_entry **)va;
+	const struct pack_idx_entry *b = *(const struct pack_idx_entry **)vb;
+
+	return oidcmp(&a->oid, &b->oid);
+}
+
+static int bitmap_write(const char *basename)
+{
+	struct packed_git *p = NULL;
+	struct bitmap_writer_data data = { 0 };
+	struct bitmap_writer writer;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	prepare_repo_settings(the_repository);
+	repo_for_each_pack(the_repository, p) {
+		if (!strcmp(pack_basename(p), basename))
+			break;
+	}
+
+	if (!p)
+		die("could not find pack '%s'", basename);
+
+	if (open_pack_index(p))
+		die("cannot open pack index for '%s'", p->pack_name);
+
+	prepare_packing_data(the_repository, &data.packed);
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(data.index, p->num_objects);
+
+	for_each_object_in_pack(p, add_packed_object, &data,
+				ODB_FOR_EACH_OBJECT_PACK_ORDER);
+
+	bitmap_writer_init(&writer, the_repository, &data.packed, NULL);
+	bitmap_writer_build_type_index(&writer, data.index);
+
+	while (strbuf_getline_lf(&buf, stdin) != EOF) {
+		struct object_id oid;
+		struct commit *c;
+
+		if (get_oid_hex(buf.buf, &oid))
+			die("invalid OID: %s", buf.buf);
+
+		c = lookup_commit(the_repository, &oid);
+		if (!c || repo_parse_commit(the_repository, c))
+			die("could not parse commit %s", buf.buf);
+
+		bitmap_writer_push_commit(&writer, c, false);
+	}
+
+	select_pseudo_merges(&writer);
+	if (bitmap_writer_build(&writer) < 0)
+		die("failed to build bitmaps");
+
+	bitmap_writer_set_checksum(&writer, p->hash);
+
+	QSORT(data.index, p->num_objects, idx_oid_cmp);
+
+	strbuf_reset(&buf);
+	strbuf_addstr(&buf, p->pack_name);
+	strbuf_strip_suffix(&buf, ".pack");
+	strbuf_addstr(&buf, ".bitmap");
+	bitmap_writer_finish(&writer, data.index, buf.buf, 0);
+
+	bitmap_writer_free(&writer);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	free(data.index);
+	clear_packing_data(&data.packed);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 int cmd__bitmap(int argc, const char **argv)
 {
 	setup_git_directory();
@@ -51,13 +156,16 @@ int cmd__bitmap(int argc, const char **argv)
 		return bitmap_dump_pseudo_merge_commits(atoi(argv[2]));
 	if (argc == 3 && !strcmp(argv[1], "dump-pseudo-merge-objects"))
 		return bitmap_dump_pseudo_merge_objects(atoi(argv[2]));
+	if (argc == 3 && !strcmp(argv[1], "write"))
+		return bitmap_write(argv[2]);
 
 	usage("\ttest-tool bitmap list-commits\n"
 	      "\ttest-tool bitmap list-commits-with-offset\n"
 	      "\ttest-tool bitmap dump-hashes\n"
 	      "\ttest-tool bitmap dump-pseudo-merges\n"
 	      "\ttest-tool bitmap dump-pseudo-merge-commits <n>\n"
-	      "\ttest-tool bitmap dump-pseudo-merge-objects <n>");
+	      "\ttest-tool bitmap dump-pseudo-merge-objects <n>\n"
+	      "\ttest-tool bitmap write <pack-basename> < <commit-list>");
 
 	return -1;
 }
diff --git a/t/t5310-pack-bitmaps.sh b/t/t5310-pack-bitmaps.sh
index f693cb56691..9489e59fa55 100755
--- a/t/t5310-pack-bitmaps.sh
+++ b/t/t5310-pack-bitmaps.sh
@@ -648,4 +648,28 @@ test_expect_success 'truncated bitmap fails gracefully (lookup table)' '
 	test_grep corrupted.bitmap.index stderr
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'test-tool bitmap write' '
+	git init bitmap-write-helper &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -fr bitmap-write-helper" &&
+	(
+		cd bitmap-write-helper &&
+
+		test_commit_bulk 64 &&
+		git repack -ad &&
+
+		pack="$(ls .git/objects/pack/pack-*.pack)" &&
+
+		git rev-parse HEAD >commits &&
+		test-tool bitmap write "$(basename $pack)" <commits &&
+
+		test-tool bitmap list-commits | sort >actual &&
+		sort commits >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+		git rev-list --count --objects --use-bitmap-index HEAD >actual &&
+		git rev-list --count --objects HEAD >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
 test_done
-- 
2.54.0.rc1.73.g8f4e0170952