* [PATCH v4 00/23] Appended Signature Secure Boot Support for PowerPC
@ 2025-07-09 11:45 Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 01/23] powerpc-ieee1275: Add support for signing GRUB with an appended signature Sudhakar Kuppusamy
` (22 more replies)
0 siblings, 23 replies; 27+ messages in thread
From: Sudhakar Kuppusamy @ 2025-07-09 11:45 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: grub-devel
Cc: jan.setjeeilers, julian.klode, mate.kukri, pjones, msuchanek,
mlewando, nayna, ltcgcw, ssrish, stefanb, avnish,
Sudhakar Kuppusamy, dja
This patch set contains v4 of the consolidated version of the patch
sets for secure boot using appended signatures on powerpc,
rebased on top of git HEAD.
The v3 series is at
https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/grub-devel/2025-06/msg00049.html
Changes since v3:
- Daniel Kiper review comments addressed:
- v4 patch 1: corrected the unreliable check conditions.
- v4 patch 3: added the GRUB signing process for single and multi
signature.
- v4 patch 6: expanded the commit message .
- v4 patch 10 and 11: dropping some more N_() from various cryptic error messages.
- v4 patch 12: corrected the coding style, used grub_crypto_pk_rsa and
added the explicit module dependencies using depends.
- v4 patch 14: rename appended signature GRUB commands with short names.
- v4 patch 16: merged from v3 patch 17 and 18
- v4 patch 17: corrected the coding style and GRUB_PKS_* constant are moved to
"include/grub/efi/pks.h"
Also, fixed the warrnings and errors
Linux on Power LPAR secure boot ensures the integrity of the Linux boot
stack. The hypervisor and partition firmware are part of the core root of
trust. The partition firmware verifies the signature on the GRUB image
before handing control to GRUB. Similarly, GRUB verifies the signature on
the kernel image before booting the OS. This ensures that every image
running at the boot time is verified and trusted. UEFI platforms relies
on PECOFF based signature scheme. Since Power is not a UEFI platform, an
alternative mechanism is needed. Power already uses appended signatures
on the Linux Kernel, and is now extended to sign the grub as well.
Linux on Power also allows multiple signers, and if any one of the
signature passes, then the image passes the validation. Appended signature
scheme uses CMS structure to contain signatures. On Power, the multiple
signature support relies on the multiple signers features already supported
by CMS standards. It does require that all the signers should sign at the
same time and are not allowed to add or remove the signatures randomly.
By default, Linux LPAR secure boot uses static key management[1]. This means
that each image embeds the keys it needs to verify the image it loads.
For example, the keys used to verify the GRUB image are built into the
firmware image. Similarly, the keys used for verifying the kernel image
are built into the GRUB image. These are pre-defined keys and they cannot
be modified at runtime. The drawback of this approach is that key rotations
results in both firmware and OS updates. This is where dynamic key
management is useful.
An admin can switch from static keys to dynamic keys by coordinating with
Hardware Management Console(HMC) admin and enabling the required flags
for the given LPAR.
The dynamic key management relies on the Platform KeyStore(PKS)[2] storage
allocation for each LPAR with individually managed access controls to
store sensitive information securely. Once switched to dynamic keys, HMC
advertises this flag to the PowerVM, which then initializes the PKS
with the default secvars. It also creates a variable SB_VERSION that
represents the secure boot key management mode. The default secvars are
used by Partition firmware, grub and the linux kernel to reads keys for
verification. These secvars can be managed by user interface exposed via
linux kernel. The linux kernel already supports this interface and
it is available in the upstream kernel.
This patchset adds the appended signature support both for signing and
verification and the key management to the grub component. The whole
patchset can be split into following four main parts:
The series has following four main parts:
1.) Sign grub.elf with an appended signature. (Patches 1 - 3)
These patches provide some infrastructure and documentation for
signing grub's core.elf with a Linux-kernel-module style appended
signature.
An appended signature is a 'dumb' signature over the contents of a
file. (It is distinct from schemes like Authenticode that are aware of
the structure of the file and only sign certain parts.) The signature
is wrapped in a PKCS#7 message, and is appended to the signed file
along with some metadata and a magic string. The signatures are
validated against a public key which is usually provided as an x509
certificate.
Because some platforms, such as powerpc-ieee1275, may load grub from a
raw disk partition rather than a filesystem, we extend grub-install to
add an ELF note that allows us to specify the size and location of the
signature.
2.) Enable appended signature verification using builtin keys (Patches 4 - 14).
Part of a secure boot chain is allowing grub to verify the boot
kernel. For UEFI platforms, this is usually delegated to the
shim. However, for platforms that do not implement UEFI, an
alternative scheme is required.
This part teaches grub how to verify Linux kernel-style appended
signatures. Kernels on powerpc are already signed with this scheme and
can be verified by IMA for kexec.
As PKCS#7 messages and x509 certificates are both based on ASN.1, we
import libtasn1 to parse them. Because ASN.1 isn't self-documenting,
we import from GNUTLS the information we need to navigate their
structure.
This section is composed of the following patches:
- patches 4, 5 and 6 are small refactorings.
- patch 7 allows x509 certificates to be built in to the grub core
in much the same way as PGP keys.
- patch 8 brings in the code from GNUTLS that allows us to parse
PKCS#7 and x509 with libtasn1.
- patch 9, 10 and 11 is our ASN1 node, PKCS#7 and x509 parser. They're minimal
and fairly strict parsers that extract only the bits we need to verify the
signatures.
- patch 12 is the guts of the appended signature verifier. It uses
the verifier infrastructure like pgp, and adds a number of
user-friendly commands that mirror the pgp module.
- patch 13 adds tests, and patch 14 adds documentation.
3.) Enable lockdown if secure boot is enabled (Patch 15)
If the 'ibm,secure-boot' property of the root node is 2 or greater,
enter lockdown.The main appended signature module now tests for lockdown to
enter 'forced' mode.
4.) Enable accessing keys dynamically from Platform KeyStore (Patch 16 - 23)
This part teaches grub how to read db and dbx variables from platform keystore
using client interface call then load keys from those two variable, and use it
to verify Linux kernel.
This section is composed of the following patches:
- patch 16 is an exposes an interface in ieee1275 for reading secure boot
variable db and dbx from Platform Keystore. Read secure boot variables
such as db and dbx from PKS and extract certificates from ESL.
- patch 17 is create the db and dbx lists from PKS.
- patch 18 is verify the kernel using db and dbx lists
- patch 19 sets the use_static_keys flag if DB not available in PKS,
and patch 20 is reads the DB default keys from ELF Note and
store it in trusted lists if use_static_keys flag is set.
- patch 21 adds db and dbx commands, and patch 22 adds
documentation.
- patch 23 replacing the certificate number with an x.509 certificate in
append_rm_dbx_cert test .
Thanks to Daniel Kiper for providing review comments on v3.
I've pushed this all to
https://github.com/SudhakarKuppusamy1/grub/tree/appendedsig-2.13
[1]https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/linux-on-systems?topic=servers-guest-secure-boot-static-keys
[2]https://community.ibm.com/community/user/power/blogs/chris-engel1/2020/11/20/powervm-introduces-the-platform-keystore
Daniel Axtens (6):
docs/grub: Document signing GRUB under UEFI
pgp: Factor out rsa_pad
crypto: Move storage for grub_crypto_pk_* to crypto.c
appended signatures: Verification tests
appended signatures: Documentation
ieee1275: Enter lockdown based on /ibm,secure-boot
Sudhakar Kuppusamy (17):
powerpc-ieee1275: Add support for signing GRUB with an appended
signature
docs/grub: Document signing GRUB with an appended signature
pgp: Rename OBJ_TYPE_PUBKEY to OBJ_TYPE_GPG_PUBKEY
grub-install: Support embedding x509 certificates
appended signatures: Import GNUTLS's ASN.1 description files
appended signatures: Parse ASN1 node
appended signatures: Parse PKCS#7 signedData
appended signatures: Parse X.509 certificates
appended signatures: Support verifying appended signatures
ieee1275: Read the DB and DBX secure boot variables
appendedsig: create db and dbx lists
appendedsig: verify the kernel using db and dbx lists
powerpc_ieee1275: Introduce use_static_keys flag
appendedsig: Read default DB keys from the ELF Note
appendedsig: Introduce GRUB commands to access db and dbx
appendedsig: Documentation
appendedsig test: Replace the certificate number with an x.509
certificate
docs/grub.texi | 327 +++-
grub-core/Makefile.am | 2 +
grub-core/Makefile.core.def | 33 +
grub-core/commands/appendedsig/appendedsig.c | 1432 +++++++++++++++++
grub-core/commands/appendedsig/appendedsig.h | 108 ++
grub-core/commands/appendedsig/asn1util.c | 96 ++
.../commands/appendedsig/gnutls_asn1_tab.c | 148 ++
grub-core/commands/appendedsig/pkcs7.c | 454 ++++++
.../commands/appendedsig/pkix_asn1_tab.c | 485 ++++++
grub-core/commands/appendedsig/x509.c | 953 +++++++++++
grub-core/commands/pgp.c | 34 +-
grub-core/kern/ieee1275/ieee1275.c | 1 -
grub-core/kern/ieee1275/init.c | 54 +
grub-core/kern/powerpc/ieee1275/ieee1275.c | 139 ++
.../kern/powerpc/ieee1275/platform_keystore.c | 353 ++++
grub-core/lib/crypto.c | 4 +
grub-core/lib/pkcs1_v15.c | 64 +
grub-core/tests/appended_signature_test.c | 248 +++
grub-core/tests/appended_signatures.h | 975 +++++++++++
grub-core/tests/lib/functional_test.c | 5 +
include/grub/crypto.h | 1 +
include/grub/efi/pks.h | 112 ++
include/grub/file.h | 2 +
include/grub/ieee1275/ieee1275.h | 3 +
include/grub/kernel.h | 3 +-
include/grub/lockdown.h | 3 +-
include/grub/pkcs1_v15.h | 27 +
include/grub/powerpc/ieee1275/ieee1275.h | 21 +
.../grub/powerpc/ieee1275/platform_keystore.h | 127 ++
include/grub/util/install.h | 13 +-
include/grub/util/mkimage.h | 4 +-
util/grub-install-common.c | 43 +-
util/grub-mkimage.c | 33 +-
util/grub-mkimagexx.c | 40 +-
util/mkimage.c | 50 +-
35 files changed, 6325 insertions(+), 72 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 grub-core/commands/appendedsig/appendedsig.c
create mode 100644 grub-core/commands/appendedsig/appendedsig.h
create mode 100644 grub-core/commands/appendedsig/asn1util.c
create mode 100644 grub-core/commands/appendedsig/gnutls_asn1_tab.c
create mode 100644 grub-core/commands/appendedsig/pkcs7.c
create mode 100644 grub-core/commands/appendedsig/pkix_asn1_tab.c
create mode 100644 grub-core/commands/appendedsig/x509.c
create mode 100644 grub-core/kern/powerpc/ieee1275/ieee1275.c
create mode 100644 grub-core/kern/powerpc/ieee1275/platform_keystore.c
create mode 100644 grub-core/lib/pkcs1_v15.c
create mode 100644 grub-core/tests/appended_signature_test.c
create mode 100644 grub-core/tests/appended_signatures.h
create mode 100644 include/grub/efi/pks.h
create mode 100644 include/grub/pkcs1_v15.h
create mode 100644 include/grub/powerpc/ieee1275/platform_keystore.h
--
2.39.5 (Apple Git-154)
_______________________________________________
Grub-devel mailing list
Grub-devel@gnu.org
https://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/grub-devel
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 27+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v4 01/23] powerpc-ieee1275: Add support for signing GRUB with an appended signature
2025-07-09 11:45 [PATCH v4 00/23] Appended Signature Secure Boot Support for PowerPC Sudhakar Kuppusamy
@ 2025-07-09 11:45 ` Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 02/23] docs/grub: Document signing GRUB under UEFI Sudhakar Kuppusamy
` (21 subsequent siblings)
22 siblings, 0 replies; 27+ messages in thread
From: Sudhakar Kuppusamy @ 2025-07-09 11:45 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: grub-devel
Cc: jan.setjeeilers, julian.klode, mate.kukri, pjones, msuchanek,
mlewando, nayna, ltcgcw, ssrish, stefanb, avnish,
Sudhakar Kuppusamy, dja, Rashmica Gupta
Add infrastructure to allow firmware to verify the integrity of GRUB
by use of a Linux-kernel-module-style appended signature. We initially
target powerpc-ieee1275, but the code should be extensible to other
platforms.
Usually these signatures are appended to a file without modifying the
ELF file itself. (This is what the 'sign-file' tool does, for example.)
The verifier loads the signed file from the file system and looks at the
end of the file for the appended signature. However, on powerpc-ieee1275
platforms, the bootloader is often stored directly in the PReP partition
as raw bytes without a file-system. This makes determining the location
of an appended signature more difficult.
To address this, we add a new ELF note.
The name field of shall be the string "Appended-Signature", zero-padded
to 4 byte alignment. The type field shall be 0x41536967 (the ASCII values
for the string "ASig"). It must be the final section in the ELF binary.
The description shall contain the appended signature structure as defined
by the Linux kernel. The description will also be padded to be a multiple
of 4 bytes. The padding shall be added before the appended signature
structure (not at the end) so that the final bytes of a signed ELF file
are the appended signature magic.
A subsequent patch documents how to create a GRUB core.img validly signed
under this scheme.
Signed-off-by: Rashmica Gupta <rashmica.g@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Axtens <dja@axtens.net>
Signed-off-by: Sudhakar Kuppusamy <sudhakar@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Berger <stefanb@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Avnish Chouhan <avnish@linux.ibm.com>
---
include/grub/util/install.h | 10 ++++++++--
include/grub/util/mkimage.h | 4 ++--
util/grub-install-common.c | 24 +++++++++++++++++++---
util/grub-mkimage.c | 19 ++++++++++++++++++
util/grub-mkimagexx.c | 40 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
util/mkimage.c | 9 ++++++---
6 files changed, 95 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)
diff --git a/include/grub/util/install.h b/include/grub/util/install.h
index 5c0a52ca2..5b6e645ca 100644
--- a/include/grub/util/install.h
+++ b/include/grub/util/install.h
@@ -69,9 +69,14 @@
N_("disable shim_lock verifier"), 0 }, \
{ "disable-cli", GRUB_INSTALL_OPTIONS_DISABLE_CLI, 0, 0, \
N_("disabled command line interface access"), 0 }, \
+ { "appended-signature-size", GRUB_INSTALL_OPTIONS_APPENDED_SIGNATURE_SIZE, \
+ "SIZE", 0, N_("Add a note segment reserving SIZE bytes for an appended signature"), 1}, \
{ "verbose", 'v', 0, 0, \
N_("print verbose messages."), 1 }
+/* The max_appended_signature_size = 4096 bit key signature size x number of signature. */
+#define GRUB_APPSIG_SIZE_MAX ((size_t) (824 * 200))
+
int
grub_install_parse (int key, char *arg);
@@ -132,7 +137,8 @@ enum grub_install_options {
GRUB_INSTALL_OPTIONS_DTB,
GRUB_INSTALL_OPTIONS_SBAT,
GRUB_INSTALL_OPTIONS_DISABLE_SHIM_LOCK,
- GRUB_INSTALL_OPTIONS_DISABLE_CLI
+ GRUB_INSTALL_OPTIONS_DISABLE_CLI,
+ GRUB_INSTALL_OPTIONS_APPENDED_SIGNATURE_SIZE
};
extern char *grub_install_source_directory;
@@ -192,7 +198,7 @@ grub_install_generate_image (const char *dir, const char *prefix,
size_t npubkeys,
char *config_path,
const struct grub_install_image_target_desc *image_target,
- int note,
+ int note, size_t appsig_size,
grub_compression_t comp, const char *dtb_file,
const char *sbat_path, const int disable_shim_lock,
const int disable_cli);
diff --git a/include/grub/util/mkimage.h b/include/grub/util/mkimage.h
index 9d74f82c5..0d40383eb 100644
--- a/include/grub/util/mkimage.h
+++ b/include/grub/util/mkimage.h
@@ -51,12 +51,12 @@ grub_mkimage_load_image64 (const char *kernel_path,
const struct grub_install_image_target_desc *image_target);
void
grub_mkimage_generate_elf32 (const struct grub_install_image_target_desc *image_target,
- int note, char *sbat, char **core_img, size_t *core_size,
+ int note, char *sbat, size_t appsig_size, char **core_img, size_t *core_size,
Elf32_Addr target_addr,
struct grub_mkimage_layout *layout);
void
grub_mkimage_generate_elf64 (const struct grub_install_image_target_desc *image_target,
- int note, char *sbat, char **core_img, size_t *core_size,
+ int note, char *sbat, size_t appsig_size, char **core_img, size_t *core_size,
Elf64_Addr target_addr,
struct grub_mkimage_layout *layout);
diff --git a/util/grub-install-common.c b/util/grub-install-common.c
index 22bccb6a3..94afebd52 100644
--- a/util/grub-install-common.c
+++ b/util/grub-install-common.c
@@ -467,10 +467,13 @@ static char *sbat;
static int disable_shim_lock;
static grub_compression_t compression;
static int disable_cli;
+static size_t appsig_size;
int
grub_install_parse (int key, char *arg)
{
+ const char *end;
+
switch (key)
{
case GRUB_INSTALL_OPTIONS_INSTALL_CORE_COMPRESS:
@@ -571,6 +574,20 @@ grub_install_parse (int key, char *arg)
grub_util_error (_("Unrecognized compression `%s'"), arg);
case GRUB_INSTALL_OPTIONS_GRUB_MKIMAGE:
return 1;
+ case GRUB_INSTALL_OPTIONS_APPENDED_SIGNATURE_SIZE:
+ appsig_size = grub_strtoul (arg, &end, 10);
+ if (*arg == '\0' || *end != '\0')
+ {
+ grub_util_error (_("non-numeric or invalid appended signature size `%s'"), arg);
+ return 0;
+ }
+ else if (appsig_size == 0 || appsig_size > GRUB_APPSIG_SIZE_MAX)
+ {
+ grub_util_error (_("appended signature size `%s' not in the range of 1 byte to %lu byte"),
+ arg, GRUB_APPSIG_SIZE_MAX);
+ return 0;
+ }
+ return 1;
default:
return 0;
}
@@ -683,9 +700,10 @@ grub_install_make_image_wrap_file (const char *dir, const char *prefix,
*p = '\0';
grub_util_info ("grub-mkimage --directory '%s' --prefix '%s' --output '%s'"
- " --format '%s' --compression '%s'%s%s%s%s\n",
+ " --format '%s' --compression '%s'"
+ " --appended-signature-size %zu %s %s %s %s\n",
dir, prefix, outname,
- mkimage_target, compnames[compression],
+ mkimage_target, compnames[compression], appsig_size,
note ? " --note" : "",
disable_shim_lock ? " --disable-shim-lock" : "",
disable_cli ? " --disable-cli" : "", s);
@@ -698,7 +716,7 @@ grub_install_make_image_wrap_file (const char *dir, const char *prefix,
grub_install_generate_image (dir, prefix, fp, outname,
modules.entries, memdisk_path,
pubkeys, npubkeys, config_path, tgt,
- note, compression, dtb, sbat,
+ note, appsig_size, compression, dtb, sbat,
disable_shim_lock, disable_cli);
while (dc--)
grub_install_pop_module ();
diff --git a/util/grub-mkimage.c b/util/grub-mkimage.c
index 547f7310f..c959d3469 100644
--- a/util/grub-mkimage.c
+++ b/util/grub-mkimage.c
@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ static struct argp_option options[] = {
{"sbat", 's', N_("FILE"), 0, N_("SBAT metadata"), 0},
{"disable-shim-lock", GRUB_INSTALL_OPTIONS_DISABLE_SHIM_LOCK, 0, 0, N_("disable shim_lock verifier"), 0},
{"disable-cli", GRUB_INSTALL_OPTIONS_DISABLE_CLI, 0, 0, N_("disable command line interface access"), 0},
+ {"appended-signature-size", 'S', N_("SIZE"), 0, N_("Add a note segment reserving SIZE bytes for an appended signature"), 0},
{"verbose", 'v', 0, 0, N_("print verbose messages."), 0},
{ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }
};
@@ -130,6 +131,7 @@ struct arguments
int note;
int disable_shim_lock;
int disable_cli;
+ size_t appsig_size;
const struct grub_install_image_target_desc *image_target;
grub_compression_t comp;
};
@@ -140,6 +142,7 @@ argp_parser (int key, char *arg, struct argp_state *state)
/* Get the input argument from argp_parse, which we
know is a pointer to our arguments structure. */
struct arguments *arguments = state->input;
+ const char *end;
switch (key)
{
@@ -172,6 +175,21 @@ argp_parser (int key, char *arg, struct argp_state *state)
arguments->note = 1;
break;
+ case 'S':
+ arguments->appsig_size = grub_strtoul (arg, &end, 10);
+ if (*arg == '\0' || *end != '\0')
+ {
+ grub_util_error (_("non-numeric or invalid appended signature size `%s'"), arg);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ else if (arguments->appsig_size == 0 || arguments->appsig_size > GRUB_APPSIG_SIZE_MAX)
+ {
+ grub_util_error (_("appended signature size `%s' not in the range of 1 byte to %lu byte"),
+ arg, GRUB_APPSIG_SIZE_MAX);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ break;
+
case 'm':
if (arguments->memdisk)
free (arguments->memdisk);
@@ -330,6 +348,7 @@ main (int argc, char *argv[])
arguments.memdisk, arguments.pubkeys,
arguments.npubkeys, arguments.config,
arguments.image_target, arguments.note,
+ arguments.appsig_size,
arguments.comp, arguments.dtb,
arguments.sbat, arguments.disable_shim_lock,
arguments.disable_cli);
diff --git a/util/grub-mkimagexx.c b/util/grub-mkimagexx.c
index 448862b2e..7dddd987a 100644
--- a/util/grub-mkimagexx.c
+++ b/util/grub-mkimagexx.c
@@ -115,6 +115,14 @@ struct grub_sbat_note {
char name[ALIGN_UP(sizeof(GRUB_SBAT_NOTE_NAME), 4)];
};
+#define GRUB_APPENDED_SIGNATURE_NOTE_NAME "Appended-Signature"
+#define GRUB_APPENDED_SIGNATURE_NOTE_TYPE 0x41536967 /* "ASig" */
+struct grub_appended_signature_note
+{
+ Elf32_Nhdr header;
+ char name[ALIGN_UP (sizeof (GRUB_APPENDED_SIGNATURE_NOTE_NAME), 4)];
+};
+
static int
is_relocatable (const struct grub_install_image_target_desc *image_target)
{
@@ -216,7 +224,7 @@ grub_arm_reloc_jump24 (grub_uint32_t *target, Elf32_Addr sym_addr)
void
SUFFIX (grub_mkimage_generate_elf) (const struct grub_install_image_target_desc *image_target,
- int note, char *sbat, char **core_img, size_t *core_size,
+ int note, char *sbat, size_t appsig_size, char **core_img, size_t *core_size,
Elf_Addr target_addr,
struct grub_mkimage_layout *layout)
{
@@ -237,6 +245,12 @@ SUFFIX (grub_mkimage_generate_elf) (const struct grub_install_image_target_desc
footer_size += ALIGN_UP (sizeof (struct grub_sbat_note) + layout->sbat_size, 4);
}
+ if (appsig_size)
+ {
+ phnum++;
+ footer_size += ALIGN_UP (sizeof (struct grub_appended_signature_note), 4);
+ }
+
if (image_target->id != IMAGE_LOONGSON_ELF)
phnum += 2;
@@ -518,6 +532,30 @@ SUFFIX (grub_mkimage_generate_elf) (const struct grub_install_image_target_desc
memcpy (note_ptr->name, GRUB_SBAT_NOTE_NAME, sizeof (GRUB_SBAT_NOTE_NAME));
memcpy ((char *)(note_ptr + 1), sbat, layout->sbat_size);
+ phdr++;
+ phdr->p_type = grub_host_to_target32 (PT_NOTE);
+ phdr->p_flags = grub_host_to_target32 (PF_R);
+ phdr->p_align = grub_host_to_target32 (image_target->voidp_sizeof);
+ phdr->p_vaddr = 0;
+ phdr->p_paddr = 0;
+ phdr->p_filesz = grub_host_to_target32 (note_size);
+ phdr->p_memsz = 0;
+ phdr->p_offset = grub_host_to_target32 (header_size + program_size + footer_offset);
+ footer += note_size;
+ footer_offset += note_size;
+ }
+
+ if (appsig_size)
+ {
+ int note_size = ALIGN_UP (sizeof (struct grub_appended_signature_note) + appsig_size, 4);
+ struct grub_appended_signature_note *note_ptr = (struct grub_appended_signature_note *) footer;
+
+ note_ptr->header.n_namesz = grub_host_to_target32 (sizeof (GRUB_APPENDED_SIGNATURE_NOTE_NAME));
+ /* Needs to sit at the end, so we round this up and sign some zero padding. */
+ note_ptr->header.n_descsz = grub_host_to_target32 (ALIGN_UP (appsig_size, 4));
+ note_ptr->header.n_type = grub_host_to_target32 (GRUB_APPENDED_SIGNATURE_NOTE_TYPE);
+ strcpy (note_ptr->name, GRUB_APPENDED_SIGNATURE_NOTE_NAME);
+
phdr++;
phdr->p_type = grub_host_to_target32 (PT_NOTE);
phdr->p_flags = grub_host_to_target32 (PF_R);
diff --git a/util/mkimage.c b/util/mkimage.c
index b46df2909..9618b37cf 100644
--- a/util/mkimage.c
+++ b/util/mkimage.c
@@ -885,7 +885,7 @@ grub_install_generate_image (const char *dir, const char *prefix,
char *memdisk_path, char **pubkey_paths,
size_t npubkeys, char *config_path,
const struct grub_install_image_target_desc *image_target,
- int note, grub_compression_t comp, const char *dtb_path,
+ int note, size_t appsig_size, grub_compression_t comp, const char *dtb_path,
const char *sbat_path, int disable_shim_lock,
int disable_cli)
{
@@ -946,6 +946,9 @@ grub_install_generate_image (const char *dir, const char *prefix,
if (sbat_path != NULL && (image_target->id != IMAGE_EFI && image_target->id != IMAGE_PPC))
grub_util_error (_("SBAT data can be added only to EFI or powerpc-ieee1275 images"));
+ if (appsig_size != 0 && image_target->id != IMAGE_PPC)
+ grub_util_error (_("appended signature can be support only to powerpc-ieee1275 images"));
+
if (disable_shim_lock)
total_module_size += sizeof (struct grub_module_header);
@@ -1833,10 +1836,10 @@ grub_install_generate_image (const char *dir, const char *prefix,
else
target_addr = image_target->link_addr;
if (image_target->voidp_sizeof == 4)
- grub_mkimage_generate_elf32 (image_target, note, sbat, &core_img, &core_size,
+ grub_mkimage_generate_elf32 (image_target, note, sbat, appsig_size, &core_img, &core_size,
target_addr, &layout);
else
- grub_mkimage_generate_elf64 (image_target, note, sbat, &core_img, &core_size,
+ grub_mkimage_generate_elf64 (image_target, note, sbat, appsig_size, &core_img, &core_size,
target_addr, &layout);
}
break;
--
2.39.5 (Apple Git-154)
_______________________________________________
Grub-devel mailing list
Grub-devel@gnu.org
https://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/grub-devel
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 27+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v4 02/23] docs/grub: Document signing GRUB under UEFI
2025-07-09 11:45 [PATCH v4 00/23] Appended Signature Secure Boot Support for PowerPC Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 01/23] powerpc-ieee1275: Add support for signing GRUB with an appended signature Sudhakar Kuppusamy
@ 2025-07-09 11:45 ` Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 03/23] docs/grub: Document signing GRUB with an appended signature Sudhakar Kuppusamy
` (20 subsequent siblings)
22 siblings, 0 replies; 27+ messages in thread
From: Sudhakar Kuppusamy @ 2025-07-09 11:45 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: grub-devel
Cc: jan.setjeeilers, julian.klode, mate.kukri, pjones, msuchanek,
mlewando, nayna, ltcgcw, ssrish, stefanb, avnish, Daniel Axtens,
Sudhakar Kuppusamy, Daniel Kiper
From: Daniel Axtens <dja@axtens.net>
Before adding information about how grub is signed with an appended
signature scheme, it's worth adding some information about how it
can currently be signed for UEFI.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Axtens <dja@axtens.net>
Signed-off-by: Sudhakar Kuppusamy <sudhakar@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Berger <stefanb@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
---
docs/grub.texi | 18 +++++++++++++++++-
1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
diff --git a/docs/grub.texi b/docs/grub.texi
index 34b3484dc..320fa2124 100644
--- a/docs/grub.texi
+++ b/docs/grub.texi
@@ -8675,6 +8675,7 @@ environment variables and commands are listed in the same order.
* Measured Boot:: Measuring boot components
* Lockdown:: Lockdown when booting on a secure setup
* TPM2 key protector:: Managing disk key with TPM2 key protector
+* Signing GRUB itself:: Ensuring the integrity of the GRUB core image
@end menu
@node Authentication and authorisation
@@ -8755,7 +8756,7 @@ commands.
GRUB's @file{core.img} can optionally provide enforcement that all files
subsequently read from disk are covered by a valid digital signature.
-This document does @strong{not} cover how to ensure that your
+This section does @strong{not} cover how to ensure that your
platform's firmware (e.g., Coreboot) validates @file{core.img}.
If environment variable @code{check_signatures}
@@ -9363,6 +9364,21 @@ which increases the risk of password leakage during the process. Moreover, the
superuser list must be well maintained, and the password used cannot be
synchronized with LUKS key rotation.
+@node Signing GRUB itself
+@section Signing GRUB itself
+To ensure a complete secure-boot chain, there must be a way for the code that
+loads GRUB to verify the integrity of the core image.
+This is ultimately platform-specific and individual platforms can define their
+own mechanisms. However, there are general-purpose mechanisms that can be used
+with GRUB.
+@section Signing GRUB for UEFI secure boot
+On UEFI platforms, @file{core.img} is a PE binary. Therefore, it can be signed
+with a tool such as @command{pesign} or @command{sbsign}. Refer to the
+suggestions in @pxref{UEFI secure boot and shim} to ensure that the final
+image works under UEFI secure boot and can maintain the secure-boot chain. It
+will also be necessary to enroll the public key used into a relevant firmware
+key database.
+
@node Platform limitations
@chapter Platform limitations
--
2.39.5 (Apple Git-154)
_______________________________________________
Grub-devel mailing list
Grub-devel@gnu.org
https://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/grub-devel
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 27+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v4 03/23] docs/grub: Document signing GRUB with an appended signature
2025-07-09 11:45 [PATCH v4 00/23] Appended Signature Secure Boot Support for PowerPC Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 01/23] powerpc-ieee1275: Add support for signing GRUB with an appended signature Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 02/23] docs/grub: Document signing GRUB under UEFI Sudhakar Kuppusamy
@ 2025-07-09 11:45 ` Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 04/23] pgp: Factor out rsa_pad Sudhakar Kuppusamy
` (19 subsequent siblings)
22 siblings, 0 replies; 27+ messages in thread
From: Sudhakar Kuppusamy @ 2025-07-09 11:45 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: grub-devel
Cc: jan.setjeeilers, julian.klode, mate.kukri, pjones, msuchanek,
mlewando, nayna, ltcgcw, ssrish, stefanb, avnish,
Sudhakar Kuppusamy, dja
Signing GRUB for firmware that verifies an appended signature is a
bit fiddly. I don't want people to have to figure it out from scratch
so document it here.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Axtens <dja@axtens.net>
Signed-off-by: Sudhakar Kuppusamy <sudhakar@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Berger <stefanb@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Avnish Chouhan <avnish@linux.ibm.com>
---
docs/grub.texi | 86 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
1 file changed, 86 insertions(+)
diff --git a/docs/grub.texi b/docs/grub.texi
index 320fa2124..d594e29bd 100644
--- a/docs/grub.texi
+++ b/docs/grub.texi
@@ -9379,6 +9379,92 @@ image works under UEFI secure boot and can maintain the secure-boot chain. It
will also be necessary to enroll the public key used into a relevant firmware
key database.
+@section Signing GRUB with an appended signature
+The @file{core.img} itself can be signed with a Linux kernel module-style
+appended signature.
+To support IEEE1275 platforms where the boot image is often loaded directly
+from a disk partition rather than from a file system, the @file{core.img}
+can specify the size and location of the appended signature with an ELF
+note added by @command{grub-install}.
+An image can be signed this way using the @command{sign-file} command from
+the Linux kernel:
+@example
+@group
+# Signing a GRUB image with only one signer key in the appended signature:
+# The grub.key is your private key and certificate.der is your GRUB signing public key
+# kernel.der is your kernel signing public key.
+#
+# Determine the size of the appended signature. It depends on the signing certificate
+# and the hash algorithm.
+#
+# Signing the /dev/null with an appended signature.
+
+sign-file SHA256 grub.key certificate.der /dev/null /dev/empty.sig
+
+# Get the size of the signature.
+
+EMPTY_SIG_SIZE=`stat -c '%s' /dev/empty.sig`
+
+# Remove the empty files.
+
+rm -rf /dev/empty.sig
+
+# Build a GRUB image with $EMPTY_SIG_SIZE reserved for the signature.
+
+grub-install --appended-signature-size $EMPTY_SIG_SIZE --modules="appendedsig ..." ...
+ or
+grub-mkimage -O powerpc-ieee1275 -o core.elf.unsigned -x kernel.der -p /grub2 \
+--appended-signature-size $EMPTY_SIG_SIZE --modules="appendedsig ..." ...
+
+# Signing a GRUB image with an appended signature.
+
+sign-file SHA256 grub.key certificate.der core.elf.unsigned core.elf.signed
+
+#
+# Signing a GRUB image with more than one signer key in the appended signature:
+# The grub1.key and grub2.key are your private keys, certificate1.der and certificate2.der
+# are your GRUB signing public keys. kernel.der and Kernel2.der are your kernel signing public key.
+
+# Generate a raw signature for /dev/null signing using OpenSSL.
+
+openssl cms -sign -binary -nocerts -in /dev/null -signer certificate1.pem -inkey grub1.key \
+-signer certificate2.pem -inkey grub2.key -out /dev/empty.p7s -outform DER -noattr -md sha256
+
+# Signing the /dev/null with an appended signature.
+
+sign-file -s /dev/empty.p7s sha256 /dev/null /dev/null /dev/empty.signed
+
+# Get the size of the signature.
+
+EMPTY_SIG_SIZE=`stat -c '%s' /dev/empty.signed`
+
+# Remove the empty files.
+
+rm -rf /dev/empty.signed /dev/empty.p7s
+
+# Build a GRUB image with $EMPTY_SIG_SIZE reserved for the signature.
+
+grub-install --appended-signature-size $EMPTY_SIG_SIZE --modules="appendedsig ..." ...
+ or
+grub-mkimage -O powerpc-ieee1275 -o core.elf.unsigned -x kernel.der -p /grub2 \
+--appended-signature-size $EMPTY_SIG_SIZE --modules="appendedsig ..." ...
+
+# Generate a raw signature for GRUB image signing using OpenSSL.
+
+openssl cms -sign -binary -nocerts -in core.elf.unsigned -signer certificate.pem \
+-inkey grub.key -signer certificate1.pem -inkey grub1.key -out core.p7s -outform DER -noattr -md sha256
+
+# Signing a GRUB image with an appended signature.
+
+sign-file -s core.p7s sha256 /dev/null core.elf.unsigned core.elf.signed
+
+# Don't forget to install the signed image as required (e.g. on powerpc-ieee1275, to the PReP partition)
+
+@end group
+@end example
+As with UEFI secure boot, it is necessary to build-in the required modules,
+or sign them separately.
+
@node Platform limitations
@chapter Platform limitations
--
2.39.5 (Apple Git-154)
_______________________________________________
Grub-devel mailing list
Grub-devel@gnu.org
https://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/grub-devel
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 27+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v4 04/23] pgp: Factor out rsa_pad
2025-07-09 11:45 [PATCH v4 00/23] Appended Signature Secure Boot Support for PowerPC Sudhakar Kuppusamy
` (2 preceding siblings ...)
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 03/23] docs/grub: Document signing GRUB with an appended signature Sudhakar Kuppusamy
@ 2025-07-09 11:45 ` Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-24 8:55 ` Gary Lin via Grub-devel
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 05/23] crypto: Move storage for grub_crypto_pk_* to crypto.c Sudhakar Kuppusamy
` (18 subsequent siblings)
22 siblings, 1 reply; 27+ messages in thread
From: Sudhakar Kuppusamy @ 2025-07-09 11:45 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: grub-devel
Cc: jan.setjeeilers, julian.klode, mate.kukri, pjones, msuchanek,
mlewando, nayna, ltcgcw, ssrish, stefanb, avnish, Daniel Axtens,
Sudhakar Kuppusamy, Daniel Kiper
From: Daniel Axtens <dja@axtens.net>
rsa_pad does the PKCS#1 v1.5 padding for the RSA signature scheme.
We want to use it in other RSA signature verification applications.
I considered and rejected putting it in lib/crypto.c. That file doesn't
currently require any MPI functions, but rsa_pad does. That's not so
much of a problem for the grub kernel and modules, but crypto.c also
gets built into all the grub utilities. So - despite the utils not
using any asymmetric ciphers - we would need to built the entire MPI
infrastructure in to them.
A better and simpler solution is just to spin rsa_pad out into its own
PKCS#1 v1.5 module.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Axtens <dja@axtens.net>
Signed-off-by: Sudhakar Kuppusamy <sudhakar@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Berger <stefanb@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Avnish Chouhan <avnish@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
---
grub-core/Makefile.core.def | 9 ++++++
grub-core/commands/pgp.c | 28 ++--------------
grub-core/lib/pkcs1_v15.c | 64 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
include/grub/pkcs1_v15.h | 27 ++++++++++++++++
4 files changed, 102 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 grub-core/lib/pkcs1_v15.c
create mode 100644 include/grub/pkcs1_v15.h
diff --git a/grub-core/Makefile.core.def b/grub-core/Makefile.core.def
index 24e8c8437..f19071e22 100644
--- a/grub-core/Makefile.core.def
+++ b/grub-core/Makefile.core.def
@@ -2545,6 +2545,15 @@ module = {
cppflags = '$(CPPFLAGS_GCRY)';
};
+module = {
+ name = pkcs1_v15;
+ common = lib/pkcs1_v15.c;
+
+ cflags = '$(CFLAGS_GCRY) -Wno-redundant-decls -Wno-sign-compare';
+ cppflags = '$(CPPFLAGS_GCRY)';
+ depends = mpi;
+};
+
module = {
name = all_video;
common = lib/fake_module.c;
diff --git a/grub-core/commands/pgp.c b/grub-core/commands/pgp.c
index 5fadc33c4..c80f6cbad 100644
--- a/grub-core/commands/pgp.c
+++ b/grub-core/commands/pgp.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
#include <grub/file.h>
#include <grub/command.h>
#include <grub/crypto.h>
+#include <grub/pkcs1_v15.h>
#include <grub/i18n.h>
#include <grub/gcrypt/gcrypt.h>
#include <grub/pubkey.h>
@@ -411,32 +412,7 @@ static int
rsa_pad (gcry_mpi_t *hmpi, grub_uint8_t *hval,
const gcry_md_spec_t *hash, struct grub_public_subkey *sk)
{
- grub_size_t tlen, emlen, fflen;
- grub_uint8_t *em, *emptr;
- unsigned nbits = gcry_mpi_get_nbits (sk->mpis[0]);
- int ret;
- tlen = hash->mdlen + hash->asnlen;
- emlen = (nbits + 7) / 8;
- if (emlen < tlen + 11)
- return 1;
-
- em = grub_malloc (emlen);
- if (!em)
- return 1;
-
- em[0] = 0x00;
- em[1] = 0x01;
- fflen = emlen - tlen - 3;
- for (emptr = em + 2; emptr < em + 2 + fflen; emptr++)
- *emptr = 0xff;
- *emptr++ = 0x00;
- grub_memcpy (emptr, hash->asnoid, hash->asnlen);
- emptr += hash->asnlen;
- grub_memcpy (emptr, hval, hash->mdlen);
-
- ret = gcry_mpi_scan (hmpi, GCRYMPI_FMT_USG, em, emlen, 0);
- grub_free (em);
- return ret;
+ return grub_crypto_rsa_pad (hmpi, hval, hash, sk->mpis[0]);
}
struct grub_pubkey_context
diff --git a/grub-core/lib/pkcs1_v15.c b/grub-core/lib/pkcs1_v15.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6680f8866
--- /dev/null
+++ b/grub-core/lib/pkcs1_v15.c
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/*
+ * GRUB -- GRand Unified Bootloader
+ * Copyright (C) 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ *
+ * GRUB is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * GRUB is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with GRUB. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+#include <grub/dl.h>
+#include <grub/gcrypt/gcrypt.h>
+#include <grub/pkcs1_v15.h>
+
+GRUB_MOD_LICENSE ("GPLv3+");
+
+/*
+ * Given a hash value 'hval', of hash specification 'hash', perform
+ * the EMSA-PKCS1-v1_5 padding suitable for a key with modulus 'mod'
+ * (see RFC 8017 s 9.2) and place the result in 'hmpi'.
+ */
+gcry_err_code_t
+grub_crypto_rsa_pad (gcry_mpi_t *hmpi, grub_uint8_t *hval,
+ const gcry_md_spec_t *hash, gcry_mpi_t mod)
+{
+ grub_size_t tlen, emlen, fflen;
+ grub_uint8_t *em, *emptr;
+ unsigned nbits = gcry_mpi_get_nbits (mod);
+ int ret;
+
+ tlen = hash->mdlen + hash->asnlen;
+ emlen = (nbits + 7) / 8;
+ if (emlen < tlen + 11)
+ return GPG_ERR_TOO_SHORT;
+
+ em = grub_malloc (emlen);
+ if (em == NULL)
+ return GPG_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+
+ em[0] = 0x00;
+ em[1] = 0x01;
+ fflen = emlen - tlen - 3;
+
+ for (emptr = em + 2; emptr < em + 2 + fflen; emptr++)
+ *emptr = 0xff;
+
+ *emptr++ = 0x00;
+ grub_memcpy (emptr, hash->asnoid, hash->asnlen);
+ emptr += hash->asnlen;
+ grub_memcpy (emptr, hval, hash->mdlen);
+
+ ret = gcry_mpi_scan (hmpi, GCRYMPI_FMT_USG, em, emlen, 0);
+ grub_free (em);
+
+ return ret;
+}
diff --git a/include/grub/pkcs1_v15.h b/include/grub/pkcs1_v15.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..84452b0e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/grub/pkcs1_v15.h
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+/*
+ * GRUB -- GRand Unified Bootloader
+ * Copyright (C) 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ *
+ * GRUB is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * GRUB is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with GRUB. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Given a hash value 'hval', of hash specification 'hash', perform
+ * the EMSA-PKCS1-v1_5 padding suitable for a key with modulus 'mod'
+ * (See RFC 8017 s 9.2).
+ */
+extern gcry_err_code_t
+grub_crypto_rsa_pad (gcry_mpi_t *hmpi, grub_uint8_t *hval,
+ const gcry_md_spec_t *hash, gcry_mpi_t mod);
+
--
2.39.5 (Apple Git-154)
_______________________________________________
Grub-devel mailing list
Grub-devel@gnu.org
https://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/grub-devel
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 27+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v4 05/23] crypto: Move storage for grub_crypto_pk_* to crypto.c
2025-07-09 11:45 [PATCH v4 00/23] Appended Signature Secure Boot Support for PowerPC Sudhakar Kuppusamy
` (3 preceding siblings ...)
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 04/23] pgp: Factor out rsa_pad Sudhakar Kuppusamy
@ 2025-07-09 11:45 ` Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 06/23] pgp: Rename OBJ_TYPE_PUBKEY to OBJ_TYPE_GPG_PUBKEY Sudhakar Kuppusamy
` (17 subsequent siblings)
22 siblings, 0 replies; 27+ messages in thread
From: Sudhakar Kuppusamy @ 2025-07-09 11:45 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: grub-devel
Cc: jan.setjeeilers, julian.klode, mate.kukri, pjones, msuchanek,
mlewando, nayna, ltcgcw, ssrish, stefanb, avnish, Daniel Axtens,
Sudhakar Kuppusamy, Vladimir Serbinenko, Daniel Kiper
From: Daniel Axtens <dja@axtens.net>
The way gcry_rsa and friends (the asymmetric ciphers) are loaded for the
pgp module is a bit quirky.
include/grub/crypto.h contains:
extern struct gcry_pk_spec *grub_crypto_pk_rsa;
commands/pgp.c contains the actual storage:
struct gcry_pk_spec *grub_crypto_pk_rsa;
And the module itself saves to the storage in pgp.c:
GRUB_MOD_INIT(gcry_rsa)
{
grub_crypto_pk_rsa = &_gcry_pubkey_spec_rsa;
}
This is annoying: gcry_rsa now has a dependency on pgp!
We want to be able to bring in gcry_rsa without bringing in PGP,
so move the storage to crypto.c.
Previously, gcry_rsa depended on pgp and mpi. Now it depends on
crypto and mpi. As pgp depends on crypto, this doesn't add any new
module dependencies using the PGP verfier.
[FWIW, the story is different for the symmetric ciphers. cryptodisk
and friends (zfs encryption etc) use grub_crypto_lookup_cipher_by_name()
to get a cipher handle. That depends on grub_ciphers being populated
by people calling grub_cipher_register. import_gcry.py ensures that the
symmetric ciphers call it.]
Signed-off-by: Daniel Axtens <dja@axtens.net>
Signed-off-by: Sudhakar Kuppusamy <sudhakar@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Berger <stefanb@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Vladimir Serbinenko <phcoder@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Avnish Chouhan <avnish@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
---
grub-core/commands/pgp.c | 4 ----
grub-core/lib/crypto.c | 4 ++++
2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
diff --git a/grub-core/commands/pgp.c b/grub-core/commands/pgp.c
index c80f6cbad..3be022593 100644
--- a/grub-core/commands/pgp.c
+++ b/grub-core/commands/pgp.c
@@ -147,10 +147,6 @@ const char *hashes[] = {
[0x0b] = "sha224"
};
-struct gcry_pk_spec *grub_crypto_pk_dsa;
-struct gcry_pk_spec *grub_crypto_pk_ecdsa;
-struct gcry_pk_spec *grub_crypto_pk_rsa;
-
static int
dsa_pad (gcry_mpi_t *hmpi, grub_uint8_t *hval,
const gcry_md_spec_t *hash, struct grub_public_subkey *sk);
diff --git a/grub-core/lib/crypto.c b/grub-core/lib/crypto.c
index 396f76410..d53ddbe2c 100644
--- a/grub-core/lib/crypto.c
+++ b/grub-core/lib/crypto.c
@@ -121,6 +121,10 @@ grub_md_unregister (gcry_md_spec_t *cipher)
}
}
+struct gcry_pk_spec *grub_crypto_pk_dsa;
+struct gcry_pk_spec *grub_crypto_pk_ecdsa;
+struct gcry_pk_spec *grub_crypto_pk_rsa;
+
void
grub_crypto_hash (const gcry_md_spec_t *hash, void *out, const void *in,
grub_size_t inlen)
--
2.39.5 (Apple Git-154)
_______________________________________________
Grub-devel mailing list
Grub-devel@gnu.org
https://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/grub-devel
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 27+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v4 06/23] pgp: Rename OBJ_TYPE_PUBKEY to OBJ_TYPE_GPG_PUBKEY
2025-07-09 11:45 [PATCH v4 00/23] Appended Signature Secure Boot Support for PowerPC Sudhakar Kuppusamy
` (4 preceding siblings ...)
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 05/23] crypto: Move storage for grub_crypto_pk_* to crypto.c Sudhakar Kuppusamy
@ 2025-07-09 11:45 ` Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 07/23] grub-install: Support embedding x509 certificates Sudhakar Kuppusamy
` (16 subsequent siblings)
22 siblings, 0 replies; 27+ messages in thread
From: Sudhakar Kuppusamy @ 2025-07-09 11:45 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: grub-devel
Cc: jan.setjeeilers, julian.klode, mate.kukri, pjones, msuchanek,
mlewando, nayna, ltcgcw, ssrish, stefanb, avnish,
Sudhakar Kuppusamy, dja, Alastair D'Silva, Daniel Kiper
Prior to the addition of the X.509 public key support for appended
signature, current PGP signature relied on the GPG public key. Changing
the enum name from "OBJ_TYPE_PUBKEY" to "OBJ_TYPE_GPG_PUBKEY" to
differentiate between x509 certificate based appended signature and
GPG certificate based PGP signature.
Signed-off-by: Alastair D'Silva <alastair@d-silva.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Axtens <dja@axtens.net>
Signed-off-by: Sudhakar Kuppusamy <sudhakar@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
---
grub-core/commands/pgp.c | 2 +-
include/grub/kernel.h | 2 +-
util/grub-mkimage.c | 2 +-
util/mkimage.c | 2 +-
4 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
diff --git a/grub-core/commands/pgp.c b/grub-core/commands/pgp.c
index 3be022593..d49f4cbf4 100644
--- a/grub-core/commands/pgp.c
+++ b/grub-core/commands/pgp.c
@@ -944,7 +944,7 @@ GRUB_MOD_INIT(pgp)
grub_memset (&pseudo_file, 0, sizeof (pseudo_file));
/* Not an ELF module, skip. */
- if (header->type != OBJ_TYPE_PUBKEY)
+ if (header->type != OBJ_TYPE_GPG_PUBKEY)
continue;
pseudo_file.fs = &pseudo_fs;
diff --git a/include/grub/kernel.h b/include/grub/kernel.h
index 6121c1e66..885289f5d 100644
--- a/include/grub/kernel.h
+++ b/include/grub/kernel.h
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ enum
OBJ_TYPE_MEMDISK,
OBJ_TYPE_CONFIG,
OBJ_TYPE_PREFIX,
- OBJ_TYPE_PUBKEY,
+ OBJ_TYPE_GPG_PUBKEY,
OBJ_TYPE_DTB,
OBJ_TYPE_DISABLE_SHIM_LOCK,
OBJ_TYPE_DISABLE_CLI
diff --git a/util/grub-mkimage.c b/util/grub-mkimage.c
index c959d3469..0b14a9360 100644
--- a/util/grub-mkimage.c
+++ b/util/grub-mkimage.c
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ static struct argp_option options[] = {
/* TRANSLATORS: "embed" is a verb (command description). "*/
{"config", 'c', N_("FILE"), 0, N_("embed FILE as an early config"), 0},
/* TRANSLATORS: "embed" is a verb (command description). "*/
- {"pubkey", 'k', N_("FILE"), 0, N_("embed FILE as public key for signature checking"), 0},
+ {"pubkey", 'k', N_("FILE"), 0, N_("embed FILE as public key for PGP signature checking"), 0},
/* TRANSLATORS: NOTE is a name of segment. */
{"note", 'n', 0, 0, N_("add NOTE segment for CHRP IEEE1275"), 0},
{"output", 'o', N_("FILE"), 0, N_("output a generated image to FILE [default=stdout]"), 0},
diff --git a/util/mkimage.c b/util/mkimage.c
index 9618b37cf..61c4e78e2 100644
--- a/util/mkimage.c
+++ b/util/mkimage.c
@@ -1056,7 +1056,7 @@ grub_install_generate_image (const char *dir, const char *prefix,
curs = grub_util_get_image_size (pubkey_paths[i]);
header = (struct grub_module_header *) (kernel_img + offset);
- header->type = grub_host_to_target32 (OBJ_TYPE_PUBKEY);
+ header->type = grub_host_to_target32 (OBJ_TYPE_GPG_PUBKEY);
header->size = grub_host_to_target32 (curs + sizeof (*header));
offset += sizeof (*header);
--
2.39.5 (Apple Git-154)
_______________________________________________
Grub-devel mailing list
Grub-devel@gnu.org
https://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/grub-devel
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 27+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v4 07/23] grub-install: Support embedding x509 certificates
2025-07-09 11:45 [PATCH v4 00/23] Appended Signature Secure Boot Support for PowerPC Sudhakar Kuppusamy
` (5 preceding siblings ...)
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 06/23] pgp: Rename OBJ_TYPE_PUBKEY to OBJ_TYPE_GPG_PUBKEY Sudhakar Kuppusamy
@ 2025-07-09 11:45 ` Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 08/23] appended signatures: Import GNUTLS's ASN.1 description files Sudhakar Kuppusamy
` (15 subsequent siblings)
22 siblings, 0 replies; 27+ messages in thread
From: Sudhakar Kuppusamy @ 2025-07-09 11:45 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: grub-devel
Cc: jan.setjeeilers, julian.klode, mate.kukri, pjones, msuchanek,
mlewando, nayna, ltcgcw, ssrish, stefanb, avnish,
Sudhakar Kuppusamy, dja, Alastair D'Silva, Daniel Kiper
To support verification of appended signatures, we need a way to
embed the necessary public keys. Existing appended signature schemes
in the Linux kernel use X.509 certificates, so allow certificates to
be embedded in the GRUB core image in the same way as PGP keys.
Signed-off-by: Alastair D'Silva <alastair@d-silva.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Axtens <dja@axtens.net>
Signed-off-by: Sudhakar Kuppusamy <sudhakar@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Berger <stefanb@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Avnish Chouhan <avnish@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
---
include/grub/kernel.h | 1 +
include/grub/util/install.h | 3 +++
util/grub-install-common.c | 19 +++++++++++++++++-
util/grub-mkimage.c | 12 +++++++++++-
util/mkimage.c | 39 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
5 files changed, 71 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
diff --git a/include/grub/kernel.h b/include/grub/kernel.h
index 885289f5d..9f3e2031f 100644
--- a/include/grub/kernel.h
+++ b/include/grub/kernel.h
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ enum
OBJ_TYPE_CONFIG,
OBJ_TYPE_PREFIX,
OBJ_TYPE_GPG_PUBKEY,
+ OBJ_TYPE_X509_PUBKEY,
OBJ_TYPE_DTB,
OBJ_TYPE_DISABLE_SHIM_LOCK,
OBJ_TYPE_DISABLE_CLI
diff --git a/include/grub/util/install.h b/include/grub/util/install.h
index 5b6e645ca..d64e194e3 100644
--- a/include/grub/util/install.h
+++ b/include/grub/util/install.h
@@ -69,6 +69,8 @@
N_("disable shim_lock verifier"), 0 }, \
{ "disable-cli", GRUB_INSTALL_OPTIONS_DISABLE_CLI, 0, 0, \
N_("disabled command line interface access"), 0 }, \
+ { "x509key", 'x', N_("FILE"), 0, \
+ N_("embed FILE as an x509 certificate for appended signature checking"), 0}, \
{ "appended-signature-size", GRUB_INSTALL_OPTIONS_APPENDED_SIGNATURE_SIZE, \
"SIZE", 0, N_("Add a note segment reserving SIZE bytes for an appended signature"), 1}, \
{ "verbose", 'v', 0, 0, \
@@ -196,6 +198,7 @@ grub_install_generate_image (const char *dir, const char *prefix,
const char *outname, char *mods[],
char *memdisk_path, char **pubkey_paths,
size_t npubkeys,
+ char **x509key_paths, size_t nx509keys,
char *config_path,
const struct grub_install_image_target_desc *image_target,
int note, size_t appsig_size,
diff --git a/util/grub-install-common.c b/util/grub-install-common.c
index 94afebd52..6e7bba5b4 100644
--- a/util/grub-install-common.c
+++ b/util/grub-install-common.c
@@ -463,6 +463,8 @@ handle_install_list (struct install_list *il, const char *val,
static char **pubkeys;
static size_t npubkeys;
+static char **x509keys;
+static size_t nx509keys;
static char *sbat;
static int disable_shim_lock;
static grub_compression_t compression;
@@ -511,6 +513,10 @@ grub_install_parse (int key, char *arg)
case GRUB_INSTALL_OPTIONS_DISABLE_CLI:
disable_cli = 1;
return 1;
+ case 'x':
+ x509keys = xrealloc (x509keys, sizeof (x509keys[0]) * (nx509keys + 1));
+ x509keys[nx509keys++] = xstrdup (arg);
+ return 1;
case GRUB_INSTALL_OPTIONS_VERBOSITY:
verbosity++;
@@ -649,6 +655,9 @@ grub_install_make_image_wrap_file (const char *dir, const char *prefix,
for (pk = pubkeys; pk < pubkeys + npubkeys; pk++)
slen += sizeof (" --pubkey ''") + grub_strlen (*pk);
+ for (pk = x509keys; pk < x509keys + nx509keys; pk++)
+ slen += sizeof (" --x509key ''") + grub_strlen (*pk);
+
for (md = modules.entries; *md; md++)
slen += sizeof (" ''") + grub_strlen (*md);
@@ -689,6 +698,14 @@ grub_install_make_image_wrap_file (const char *dir, const char *prefix,
*p++ = '\'';
}
+ for (pk = x509keys; pk < x509keys + nx509keys; pk++)
+ {
+ p = grub_stpcpy (p, "--x509key '");
+ p = grub_stpcpy (p, *pk);
+ *p++ = '\'';
+ *p++ = ' ';
+ }
+
for (md = modules.entries; *md; md++)
{
*p++ = ' ';
@@ -715,7 +732,7 @@ grub_install_make_image_wrap_file (const char *dir, const char *prefix,
grub_install_generate_image (dir, prefix, fp, outname,
modules.entries, memdisk_path,
- pubkeys, npubkeys, config_path, tgt,
+ pubkeys, npubkeys, x509keys, nx509keys, config_path, tgt,
note, appsig_size, compression, dtb, sbat,
disable_shim_lock, disable_cli);
while (dc--)
diff --git a/util/grub-mkimage.c b/util/grub-mkimage.c
index 0b14a9360..b6f1f219e 100644
--- a/util/grub-mkimage.c
+++ b/util/grub-mkimage.c
@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@ static struct argp_option options[] = {
{"config", 'c', N_("FILE"), 0, N_("embed FILE as an early config"), 0},
/* TRANSLATORS: "embed" is a verb (command description). "*/
{"pubkey", 'k', N_("FILE"), 0, N_("embed FILE as public key for PGP signature checking"), 0},
+ {"x509key", 'x', N_("FILE"), 0, N_("embed FILE as an x509 certificate for appended signature checking"), 0},
/* TRANSLATORS: NOTE is a name of segment. */
{"note", 'n', 0, 0, N_("add NOTE segment for CHRP IEEE1275"), 0},
{"output", 'o', N_("FILE"), 0, N_("output a generated image to FILE [default=stdout]"), 0},
@@ -125,6 +126,8 @@ struct arguments
char *dtb;
char **pubkeys;
size_t npubkeys;
+ char **x509keys;
+ size_t nx509keys;
char *font;
char *config;
char *sbat;
@@ -216,6 +219,12 @@ argp_parser (int key, char *arg, struct argp_state *state)
arguments->pubkeys[arguments->npubkeys++] = xstrdup (arg);
break;
+ case 'x':
+ arguments->x509keys = xrealloc (arguments->x509keys,
+ sizeof (arguments->x509keys[0]) * (arguments->nx509keys + 1));
+ arguments->x509keys[arguments->nx509keys++] = xstrdup (arg);
+ break;
+
case 'c':
if (arguments->config)
free (arguments->config);
@@ -346,7 +355,8 @@ main (int argc, char *argv[])
grub_install_generate_image (arguments.dir, arguments.prefix, fp,
arguments.output, arguments.modules,
arguments.memdisk, arguments.pubkeys,
- arguments.npubkeys, arguments.config,
+ arguments.npubkeys, arguments.x509keys,
+ arguments.nx509keys, arguments.config,
arguments.image_target, arguments.note,
arguments.appsig_size,
arguments.comp, arguments.dtb,
diff --git a/util/mkimage.c b/util/mkimage.c
index 61c4e78e2..f364a5718 100644
--- a/util/mkimage.c
+++ b/util/mkimage.c
@@ -883,7 +883,7 @@ void
grub_install_generate_image (const char *dir, const char *prefix,
FILE *out, const char *outname, char *mods[],
char *memdisk_path, char **pubkey_paths,
- size_t npubkeys, char *config_path,
+ size_t npubkeys, char **x509key_paths, size_t nx509keys, char *config_path,
const struct grub_install_image_target_desc *image_target,
int note, size_t appsig_size, grub_compression_t comp, const char *dtb_path,
const char *sbat_path, int disable_shim_lock,
@@ -929,6 +929,24 @@ grub_install_generate_image (const char *dir, const char *prefix,
}
}
+ if (nx509keys != 0 && image_target->id != IMAGE_PPC)
+ grub_util_error (_("x509 public key can be support only to appended signature"
+ " with powerpc-ieee1275 images"));
+
+ {
+ size_t i;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < nx509keys; i++)
+ {
+ size_t curs;
+
+ curs = ALIGN_ADDR (grub_util_get_image_size (x509key_paths[i]));
+ grub_util_info ("the size of x509 public key %u is 0x%" GRUB_HOST_PRIxLONG_LONG,
+ (unsigned) i, (unsigned long long) curs);
+ total_module_size += curs + sizeof (struct grub_module_header);
+ }
+ }
+
if (memdisk_path)
{
memdisk_size = ALIGN_UP(grub_util_get_image_size (memdisk_path), 512);
@@ -1065,6 +1083,25 @@ grub_install_generate_image (const char *dir, const char *prefix,
}
}
+ {
+ size_t i;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < nx509keys; i++)
+ {
+ size_t curs;
+ struct grub_module_header *header;
+
+ curs = grub_util_get_image_size (x509key_paths[i]);
+ header = (struct grub_module_header *) (kernel_img + offset);
+ header->type = grub_host_to_target32 (OBJ_TYPE_X509_PUBKEY);
+ header->size = grub_host_to_target32 (curs + sizeof (*header));
+
+ offset += sizeof (*header);
+ grub_util_load_image (x509key_paths[i], kernel_img + offset);
+ offset += ALIGN_ADDR (curs);
+ }
+ }
+
if (memdisk_path)
{
struct grub_module_header *header;
--
2.39.5 (Apple Git-154)
_______________________________________________
Grub-devel mailing list
Grub-devel@gnu.org
https://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/grub-devel
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 27+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v4 08/23] appended signatures: Import GNUTLS's ASN.1 description files
2025-07-09 11:45 [PATCH v4 00/23] Appended Signature Secure Boot Support for PowerPC Sudhakar Kuppusamy
` (6 preceding siblings ...)
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 07/23] grub-install: Support embedding x509 certificates Sudhakar Kuppusamy
@ 2025-07-09 11:45 ` Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 09/23] appended signatures: Parse ASN1 node Sudhakar Kuppusamy
` (14 subsequent siblings)
22 siblings, 0 replies; 27+ messages in thread
From: Sudhakar Kuppusamy @ 2025-07-09 11:45 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: grub-devel
Cc: jan.setjeeilers, julian.klode, mate.kukri, pjones, msuchanek,
mlewando, nayna, ltcgcw, ssrish, stefanb, avnish,
Sudhakar Kuppusamy, dja, Daniel Kiper
In order to parse PKCS#7 messages and X.509 certificates with libtasn1,
we need some information about how they are encoded.
We get these from GNUTLS, which has the benefit that they support the
features we need and are well tested.
The GNUTLS files are from:
- https://github.com/gnutls/gnutls/blob/master/lib/gnutls.asn
- https://github.com/gnutls/gnutls/blob/master/lib/pkix.asn
The GNUTLS license is LGPLv2.1+, which is GPLv3 compatible, allowing
us to import it without issue.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Axtens <dja@axtens.net>
Signed-off-by: Sudhakar Kuppusamy <sudhakar@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Berger <stefanb@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Avnish Chouhan <avnish@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
---
.../commands/appendedsig/gnutls_asn1_tab.c | 148 ++++++
.../commands/appendedsig/pkix_asn1_tab.c | 485 ++++++++++++++++++
2 files changed, 633 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 grub-core/commands/appendedsig/gnutls_asn1_tab.c
create mode 100644 grub-core/commands/appendedsig/pkix_asn1_tab.c
diff --git a/grub-core/commands/appendedsig/gnutls_asn1_tab.c b/grub-core/commands/appendedsig/gnutls_asn1_tab.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..efc0c145a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/grub-core/commands/appendedsig/gnutls_asn1_tab.c
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+#include <grub/mm.h>
+#include <libtasn1.h>
+
+/*
+ * Imported from gnutls.asn.
+ * https://github.com/gnutls/gnutls/blob/master/lib/gnutls.asn
+ */
+const asn1_static_node grub_gnutls_asn1_tab[] = {
+ { "GNUTLS", 536872976, NULL },
+ { NULL, 1073741836, NULL },
+ { "RSAPublicKey", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "modulus", 1073741827, NULL },
+ { "publicExponent", 3, NULL },
+ { "RSAPrivateKey", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "version", 1073741827, NULL },
+ { "modulus", 1073741827, NULL },
+ { "publicExponent", 1073741827, NULL },
+ { "privateExponent", 1073741827, NULL },
+ { "prime1", 1073741827, NULL },
+ { "prime2", 1073741827, NULL },
+ { "exponent1", 1073741827, NULL },
+ { "exponent2", 1073741827, NULL },
+ { "coefficient", 1073741827, NULL },
+ { "otherPrimeInfos", 16386, "OtherPrimeInfos"},
+ { "ProvableSeed", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "algorithm", 1073741836, NULL },
+ { "seed", 7, NULL },
+ { "OtherPrimeInfos", 1612709899, NULL },
+ { "MAX", 1074266122, "1"},
+ { NULL, 2, "OtherPrimeInfo"},
+ { "OtherPrimeInfo", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "prime", 1073741827, NULL },
+ { "exponent", 1073741827, NULL },
+ { "coefficient", 3, NULL },
+ { "AlgorithmIdentifier", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "algorithm", 1073741836, NULL },
+ { "parameters", 541081613, NULL },
+ { "algorithm", 1, NULL },
+ { "DigestInfo", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "digestAlgorithm", 1073741826, "DigestAlgorithmIdentifier"},
+ { "digest", 7, NULL },
+ { "DigestAlgorithmIdentifier", 1073741826, "AlgorithmIdentifier"},
+ { "DSAPublicKey", 1073741827, NULL },
+ { "DSAParameters", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "p", 1073741827, NULL },
+ { "q", 1073741827, NULL },
+ { "g", 3, NULL },
+ { "DSASignatureValue", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "r", 1073741827, NULL },
+ { "s", 3, NULL },
+ { "DSAPrivateKey", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "version", 1073741827, NULL },
+ { "p", 1073741827, NULL },
+ { "q", 1073741827, NULL },
+ { "g", 1073741827, NULL },
+ { "Y", 1073741827, NULL },
+ { "priv", 3, NULL },
+ { "DHParameter", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "prime", 1073741827, NULL },
+ { "base", 1073741827, NULL },
+ { "privateValueLength", 16387, NULL },
+ { "pkcs-11-ec-Parameters", 1610612754, NULL },
+ { "oId", 1073741836, NULL },
+ { "curveName", 31, NULL },
+ { "ECParameters", 1610612754, NULL },
+ { "namedCurve", 12, NULL },
+ { "ECPrivateKey", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "Version", 1073741827, NULL },
+ { "privateKey", 1073741831, NULL },
+ { "parameters", 1610637314, "ECParameters"},
+ { NULL, 2056, "0"},
+ { "publicKey", 536895494, NULL },
+ { NULL, 2056, "1"},
+ { "PrincipalName", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "name-type", 1610620931, NULL },
+ { NULL, 2056, "0"},
+ { "name-string", 536879115, NULL },
+ { NULL, 1073743880, "1"},
+ { NULL, 27, NULL },
+ { "KRB5PrincipalName", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "realm", 1610620955, NULL },
+ { NULL, 2056, "0"},
+ { "principalName", 536879106, "PrincipalName"},
+ { NULL, 2056, "1"},
+ { "RSAPSSParameters", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "hashAlgorithm", 1610637314, "AlgorithmIdentifier"},
+ { NULL, 2056, "0"},
+ { "maskGenAlgorithm", 1610637314, "AlgorithmIdentifier"},
+ { NULL, 2056, "1"},
+ { "saltLength", 1610653699, NULL },
+ { NULL, 1073741833, "20"},
+ { NULL, 2056, "2"},
+ { "trailerField", 536911875, NULL },
+ { NULL, 1073741833, "1"},
+ { NULL, 2056, "3"},
+ { "RSAOAEPParameters", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "hashAlgorithm", 1610637314, "AlgorithmIdentifier"},
+ { NULL, 2056, "0"},
+ { "maskGenAlgorithm", 1610637314, "AlgorithmIdentifier"},
+ { NULL, 2056, "1"},
+ { "pSourceFunc", 536895490, "AlgorithmIdentifier"},
+ { NULL, 2056, "2"},
+ { "GOSTParameters", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "publicKeyParamSet", 1073741836, NULL },
+ { "digestParamSet", 16396, NULL },
+ { "GOSTParametersOld", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "publicKeyParamSet", 1073741836, NULL },
+ { "digestParamSet", 1073741836, NULL },
+ { "encryptionParamSet", 16396, NULL },
+ { "GOSTPrivateKey", 1073741831, NULL },
+ { "GOSTPrivateKeyOld", 1073741827, NULL },
+ { "IssuerSignTool", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "signTool", 1073741858, NULL },
+ { "cATool", 1073741858, NULL },
+ { "signToolCert", 1073741858, NULL },
+ { "cAToolCert", 34, NULL },
+ { "Gost28147-89-EncryptedKey", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "encryptedKey", 1073741831, NULL },
+ { "maskKey", 1610637319, NULL },
+ { NULL, 4104, "0"},
+ { "macKey", 7, NULL },
+ { "SubjectPublicKeyInfo", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "algorithm", 1073741826, "AlgorithmIdentifier"},
+ { "subjectPublicKey", 6, NULL },
+ { "GostR3410-TransportParameters", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "encryptionParamSet", 1073741836, NULL },
+ { "ephemeralPublicKey", 1610637314, "SubjectPublicKeyInfo"},
+ { NULL, 4104, "0"},
+ { "ukm", 7, NULL },
+ { "GostR3410-KeyTransport", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "sessionEncryptedKey", 1073741826, "Gost28147-89-EncryptedKey"},
+ { "transportParameters", 536895490, "GostR3410-TransportParameters"},
+ { NULL, 4104, "0"},
+ { "TPMKey", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "type", 1073741836, NULL },
+ { "emptyAuth", 1610637316, NULL },
+ { NULL, 2056, "0"},
+ { "parent", 1073741827, NULL },
+ { "pubkey", 1073741831, NULL },
+ { "privkey", 7, NULL },
+ { "MLDSAPrivateKey", 536870917, NULL },
+ { "version", 1073741827, NULL },
+ { "privateKeyAlgorithm", 1073741826, "AlgorithmIdentifier"},
+ { "privateKey", 1073741831, NULL },
+ { "publicKey", 536895495, NULL },
+ { NULL, 2056, "1"},
+ { NULL, 0, NULL }
+};
diff --git a/grub-core/commands/appendedsig/pkix_asn1_tab.c b/grub-core/commands/appendedsig/pkix_asn1_tab.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ec5f87bfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/grub-core/commands/appendedsig/pkix_asn1_tab.c
@@ -0,0 +1,485 @@
+#include <grub/mm.h>
+#include <libtasn1.h>
+
+/*
+ * Imported from pkix.asn.
+ * https://github.com/gnutls/gnutls/blob/master/lib/pkix.asn
+ */
+const asn1_static_node grub_pkix_asn1_tab[] = {
+ { "PKIX1", 536875024, NULL },
+ { NULL, 1073741836, NULL },
+ { "PrivateKeyUsagePeriod", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "notBefore", 1610637349, NULL },
+ { NULL, 4104, "0"},
+ { "notAfter", 536895525, NULL },
+ { NULL, 4104, "1"},
+ { "AuthorityKeyIdentifier", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "keyIdentifier", 1610637319, NULL },
+ { NULL, 4104, "0"},
+ { "authorityCertIssuer", 1610637314, "GeneralNames"},
+ { NULL, 4104, "1"},
+ { "authorityCertSerialNumber", 536895490, "CertificateSerialNumber"},
+ { NULL, 4104, "2"},
+ { "SubjectKeyIdentifier", 1073741831, NULL },
+ { "KeyUsage", 1073741830, NULL },
+ { "DirectoryString", 1610612754, NULL },
+ { "teletexString", 1612709918, NULL },
+ { "MAX", 524298, "1"},
+ { "printableString", 1612709919, NULL },
+ { "MAX", 524298, "1"},
+ { "universalString", 1612709920, NULL },
+ { "MAX", 524298, "1"},
+ { "utf8String", 1612709922, NULL },
+ { "MAX", 524298, "1"},
+ { "bmpString", 538968097, NULL },
+ { "MAX", 524298, "1"},
+ { "SubjectAltName", 1073741826, "GeneralNames"},
+ { "GeneralNames", 1612709899, NULL },
+ { "MAX", 1074266122, "1"},
+ { NULL, 2, "GeneralName"},
+ { "GeneralName", 1610612754, NULL },
+ { "otherName", 1610620930, "AnotherName"},
+ { NULL, 4104, "0"},
+ { "rfc822Name", 1610620957, NULL },
+ { NULL, 4104, "1"},
+ { "dNSName", 1610620957, NULL },
+ { NULL, 4104, "2"},
+ { "x400Address", 1610620941, NULL },
+ { NULL, 4104, "3"},
+ { "directoryName", 1610620939, NULL },
+ { NULL, 1073743880, "4"},
+ { NULL, 2, "RelativeDistinguishedName"},
+ { "ediPartyName", 1610620941, NULL },
+ { NULL, 4104, "5"},
+ { "uniformResourceIdentifier", 1610620957, NULL },
+ { NULL, 4104, "6"},
+ { "iPAddress", 1610620935, NULL },
+ { NULL, 4104, "7"},
+ { "registeredID", 536879116, NULL },
+ { NULL, 4104, "8"},
+ { "AnotherName", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "type-id", 1073741836, NULL },
+ { "value", 541073421, NULL },
+ { NULL, 1073743880, "0"},
+ { "type-id", 1, NULL },
+ { "IssuerAltName", 1073741826, "GeneralNames"},
+ { "BasicConstraints", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "cA", 1610645508, NULL },
+ { NULL, 131081, NULL },
+ { "pathLenConstraint", 16387, NULL },
+ { "CRLDistributionPoints", 1612709899, NULL },
+ { "MAX", 1074266122, "1"},
+ { NULL, 2, "DistributionPoint"},
+ { "DistributionPoint", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "distributionPoint", 1610637314, "DistributionPointName"},
+ { NULL, 2056, "0"},
+ { "reasons", 1610637314, "ReasonFlags"},
+ { NULL, 4104, "1"},
+ { "cRLIssuer", 536895490, "GeneralNames"},
+ { NULL, 4104, "2"},
+ { "DistributionPointName", 1610612754, NULL },
+ { "fullName", 1610620930, "GeneralNames"},
+ { NULL, 4104, "0"},
+ { "nameRelativeToCRLIssuer", 536879106, "RelativeDistinguishedName"},
+ { NULL, 4104, "1"},
+ { "ReasonFlags", 1073741830, NULL },
+ { "ExtKeyUsageSyntax", 1612709899, NULL },
+ { "MAX", 1074266122, "1"},
+ { NULL, 12, NULL },
+ { "AuthorityInfoAccessSyntax", 1612709899, NULL },
+ { "MAX", 1074266122, "1"},
+ { NULL, 2, "AccessDescription"},
+ { "AccessDescription", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "accessMethod", 1073741836, NULL },
+ { "accessLocation", 2, "GeneralName"},
+ { "Attribute", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "type", 1073741836, NULL },
+ { "values", 536870927, NULL },
+ { NULL, 13, NULL },
+ { "AttributeTypeAndValue", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "type", 1073741836, NULL },
+ { "value", 13, NULL },
+ { "Name", 1610612754, NULL },
+ { "rdnSequence", 536870923, NULL },
+ { NULL, 2, "RelativeDistinguishedName"},
+ { "DistinguishedName", 1610612747, NULL },
+ { NULL, 2, "RelativeDistinguishedName"},
+ { "RelativeDistinguishedName", 1612709903, NULL },
+ { "MAX", 1074266122, "1"},
+ { NULL, 2, "AttributeTypeAndValue"},
+ { "Certificate", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "tbsCertificate", 1073741826, "TBSCertificate"},
+ { "signatureAlgorithm", 1073741826, "AlgorithmIdentifier"},
+ { "signature", 6, NULL },
+ { "TBSCertificate", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "version", 1610653699, NULL },
+ { NULL, 1073741833, "0"},
+ { NULL, 2056, "0"},
+ { "serialNumber", 1073741826, "CertificateSerialNumber"},
+ { "signature", 1073741826, "AlgorithmIdentifier"},
+ { "issuer", 1073741826, "Name"},
+ { "validity", 1073741826, "Validity"},
+ { "subject", 1073741826, "Name"},
+ { "subjectPublicKeyInfo", 1073741826, "SubjectPublicKeyInfo"},
+ { "issuerUniqueID", 1610637314, "UniqueIdentifier"},
+ { NULL, 4104, "1"},
+ { "subjectUniqueID", 1610637314, "UniqueIdentifier"},
+ { NULL, 4104, "2"},
+ { "extensions", 536895490, "Extensions"},
+ { NULL, 2056, "3"},
+ { "CertificateSerialNumber", 1073741827, NULL },
+ { "Validity", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "notBefore", 1073741826, "Time"},
+ { "notAfter", 2, "Time"},
+ { "Time", 1610612754, NULL },
+ { "utcTime", 1073741860, NULL },
+ { "generalTime", 37, NULL },
+ { "UniqueIdentifier", 1073741830, NULL },
+ { "SubjectPublicKeyInfo", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "algorithm", 1073741826, "AlgorithmIdentifier"},
+ { "subjectPublicKey", 6, NULL },
+ { "Extensions", 1612709899, NULL },
+ { "MAX", 1074266122, "1"},
+ { NULL, 2, "Extension"},
+ { "Extension", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "extnID", 1073741836, NULL },
+ { "critical", 1610645508, NULL },
+ { NULL, 131081, NULL },
+ { "extnValue", 7, NULL },
+ { "CertificateList", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "tbsCertList", 1073741826, "TBSCertList"},
+ { "signatureAlgorithm", 1073741826, "AlgorithmIdentifier"},
+ { "signature", 6, NULL },
+ { "TBSCertList", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "version", 1073758211, NULL },
+ { "signature", 1073741826, "AlgorithmIdentifier"},
+ { "issuer", 1073741826, "Name"},
+ { "thisUpdate", 1073741826, "Time"},
+ { "nextUpdate", 1073758210, "Time"},
+ { "revokedCertificates", 1610629131, NULL },
+ { NULL, 536870917, NULL },
+ { "userCertificate", 1073741826, "CertificateSerialNumber"},
+ { "revocationDate", 1073741826, "Time"},
+ { "crlEntryExtensions", 16386, "Extensions"},
+ { "crlExtensions", 536895490, "Extensions"},
+ { NULL, 2056, "0"},
+ { "AlgorithmIdentifier", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "algorithm", 1073741836, NULL },
+ { "parameters", 541081613, NULL },
+ { "algorithm", 1, NULL },
+ { "Dss-Sig-Value", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "r", 1073741827, NULL },
+ { "s", 3, NULL },
+ { "Dss-Parms", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "p", 1073741827, NULL },
+ { "q", 1073741827, NULL },
+ { "g", 3, NULL },
+ { "pkcs-7-ContentInfo", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "contentType", 1073741836, NULL },
+ { "content", 541073421, NULL },
+ { NULL, 1073743880, "0"},
+ { "contentType", 1, NULL },
+ { "pkcs-7-DigestInfo", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "digestAlgorithm", 1073741826, "AlgorithmIdentifier"},
+ { "digest", 7, NULL },
+ { "pkcs-7-SignedData", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "version", 1073741827, NULL },
+ { "digestAlgorithms", 1073741826, "pkcs-7-DigestAlgorithmIdentifiers"},
+ { "encapContentInfo", 1073741826, "pkcs-7-EncapsulatedContentInfo"},
+ { "certificates", 1610637314, "pkcs-7-CertificateSet"},
+ { NULL, 4104, "0"},
+ { "crls", 1610637314, "pkcs-7-CertificateRevocationLists"},
+ { NULL, 4104, "1"},
+ { "signerInfos", 2, "pkcs-7-SignerInfos"},
+ { "pkcs-7-DigestAlgorithmIdentifiers", 1610612751, NULL },
+ { NULL, 2, "AlgorithmIdentifier"},
+ { "pkcs-7-EncapsulatedContentInfo", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "eContentType", 1073741836, NULL },
+ { "eContent", 536895501, NULL },
+ { NULL, 2056, "0"},
+ { "pkcs-7-CertificateRevocationLists", 1610612751, NULL },
+ { NULL, 13, NULL },
+ { "pkcs-7-CertificateChoices", 1610612754, NULL },
+ { "certificate", 13, NULL },
+ { "pkcs-7-CertificateSet", 1610612751, NULL },
+ { NULL, 2, "pkcs-7-CertificateChoices"},
+ { "IssuerAndSerialNumber", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "issuer", 1073741826, "Name"},
+ { "serialNumber", 2, "CertificateSerialNumber"},
+ { "pkcs-7-SignerInfo", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "version", 1073741827, NULL },
+ { "sid", 1073741826, "SignerIdentifier"},
+ { "digestAlgorithm", 1073741826, "AlgorithmIdentifier"},
+ { "signedAttrs", 1610637314, "SignedAttributes"},
+ { NULL, 4104, "0"},
+ { "signatureAlgorithm", 1073741826, "AlgorithmIdentifier"},
+ { "signature", 1073741831, NULL },
+ { "unsignedAttrs", 536895490, "SignedAttributes"},
+ { NULL, 4104, "1"},
+ { "SignedAttributes", 1612709903, NULL },
+ { "MAX", 1074266122, "1"},
+ { NULL, 2, "Attribute"},
+ { "SignerIdentifier", 1610612754, NULL },
+ { "issuerAndSerialNumber", 1073741826, "IssuerAndSerialNumber"},
+ { "subjectKeyIdentifier", 536879111, NULL },
+ { NULL, 4104, "0"},
+ { "pkcs-7-SignerInfos", 1610612751, NULL },
+ { NULL, 2, "pkcs-7-SignerInfo"},
+ { "pkcs-10-CertificationRequestInfo", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "version", 1073741827, NULL },
+ { "subject", 1073741826, "Name"},
+ { "subjectPKInfo", 1073741826, "SubjectPublicKeyInfo"},
+ { "attributes", 536879106, "Attributes"},
+ { NULL, 4104, "0"},
+ { "Attributes", 1610612751, NULL },
+ { NULL, 2, "Attribute"},
+ { "pkcs-10-CertificationRequest", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "certificationRequestInfo", 1073741826, "pkcs-10-CertificationRequestInfo"},
+ { "signatureAlgorithm", 1073741826, "AlgorithmIdentifier"},
+ { "signature", 6, NULL },
+ { "pkcs-9-at-challengePassword", 1879048204, NULL },
+ { "iso", 1073741825, "1"},
+ { "member-body", 1073741825, "2"},
+ { "us", 1073741825, "840"},
+ { "rsadsi", 1073741825, "113549"},
+ { "pkcs", 1073741825, "1"},
+ { NULL, 1073741825, "9"},
+ { NULL, 1, "7"},
+ { "pkcs-9-challengePassword", 1610612754, NULL },
+ { "printableString", 1073741855, NULL },
+ { "utf8String", 34, NULL },
+ { "pkcs-9-localKeyId", 1073741831, NULL },
+ { "pkcs-8-PrivateKeyInfo", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "version", 1073741827, NULL },
+ { "privateKeyAlgorithm", 1073741826, "AlgorithmIdentifier"},
+ { "privateKey", 1073741831, NULL },
+ { "attributes", 536895490, "Attributes"},
+ { NULL, 4104, "0"},
+ { "pkcs-8-EncryptedPrivateKeyInfo", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "encryptionAlgorithm", 1073741826, "AlgorithmIdentifier"},
+ { "encryptedData", 2, "pkcs-8-EncryptedData"},
+ { "pkcs-8-EncryptedData", 1073741831, NULL },
+ { "pkcs-5-des-CBC-params", 1612709895, NULL },
+ { NULL, 1048586, "8"},
+ { "pkcs-5-des-EDE3-CBC-params", 1612709895, NULL },
+ { NULL, 1048586, "8"},
+ { "pkcs-5-aes128-CBC-params", 1612709895, NULL },
+ { NULL, 1048586, "16"},
+ { "pkcs-5-aes192-CBC-params", 1612709895, NULL },
+ { NULL, 1048586, "16"},
+ { "pkcs-5-aes256-CBC-params", 1612709895, NULL },
+ { NULL, 1048586, "16"},
+ { "Gost28147-89-Parameters", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "iv", 1073741831, NULL },
+ { "encryptionParamSet", 12, NULL },
+ { "pkcs-5-PBE-params", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "salt", 1073741831, NULL },
+ { "iterationCount", 3, NULL },
+ { "pkcs-5-PBES2-params", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "keyDerivationFunc", 1073741826, "AlgorithmIdentifier"},
+ { "encryptionScheme", 2, "AlgorithmIdentifier"},
+ { "pkcs-5-PBMAC1-params", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "keyDerivationFunc", 1073741826, "AlgorithmIdentifier"},
+ { "messageAuthScheme", 2, "AlgorithmIdentifier"},
+ { "pkcs-5-PBKDF2-params", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "salt", 1610612754, NULL },
+ { "specified", 1073741831, NULL },
+ { "otherSource", 2, "AlgorithmIdentifier"},
+ { "iterationCount", 1073741827, NULL },
+ { "keyLength", 1073758211, NULL },
+ { "prf", 16386, "AlgorithmIdentifier"},
+ { "pkcs-12-PFX", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "version", 1610874883, NULL },
+ { "v3", 1, "3"},
+ { "authSafe", 1073741826, "pkcs-7-ContentInfo"},
+ { "macData", 16386, "pkcs-12-MacData"},
+ { "pkcs-12-PbeParams", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "salt", 1073741831, NULL },
+ { "iterations", 3, NULL },
+ { "pkcs-12-MacData", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "mac", 1073741826, "pkcs-7-DigestInfo"},
+ { "macSalt", 1073741831, NULL },
+ { "iterations", 536903683, NULL },
+ { NULL, 9, "1"},
+ { "pkcs-12-AuthenticatedSafe", 1610612747, NULL },
+ { NULL, 2, "pkcs-7-ContentInfo"},
+ { "pkcs-12-SafeContents", 1610612747, NULL },
+ { NULL, 2, "pkcs-12-SafeBag"},
+ { "pkcs-12-SafeBag", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "bagId", 1073741836, NULL },
+ { "bagValue", 1614815245, NULL },
+ { NULL, 1073743880, "0"},
+ { "badId", 1, NULL },
+ { "bagAttributes", 536887311, NULL },
+ { NULL, 2, "Attribute"},
+ { "pkcs-12-CertBag", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "certId", 1073741836, NULL },
+ { "certValue", 541073421, NULL },
+ { NULL, 1073743880, "0"},
+ { "certId", 1, NULL },
+ { "pkcs-12-CRLBag", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "crlId", 1073741836, NULL },
+ { "crlValue", 541073421, NULL },
+ { NULL, 1073743880, "0"},
+ { "crlId", 1, NULL },
+ { "pkcs-12-SecretBag", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "secretTypeId", 1073741836, NULL },
+ { "secretValue", 541073421, NULL },
+ { NULL, 1073743880, "0"},
+ { "secretTypeId", 1, NULL },
+ { "pkcs-7-Data", 1073741831, NULL },
+ { "pkcs-7-EncryptedData", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "version", 1073741827, NULL },
+ { "encryptedContentInfo", 1073741826, "pkcs-7-EncryptedContentInfo"},
+ { "unprotectedAttrs", 536895490, "pkcs-7-UnprotectedAttributes"},
+ { NULL, 4104, "1"},
+ { "pkcs-7-EncryptedContentInfo", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "contentType", 1073741836, NULL },
+ { "contentEncryptionAlgorithm", 1073741826, "pkcs-7-ContentEncryptionAlgorithmIdentifier"},
+ { "encryptedContent", 536895495, NULL },
+ { NULL, 4104, "0"},
+ { "pkcs-7-ContentEncryptionAlgorithmIdentifier", 1073741826, "AlgorithmIdentifier"},
+ { "pkcs-7-UnprotectedAttributes", 1612709903, NULL },
+ { "MAX", 1074266122, "1"},
+ { NULL, 2, "Attribute"},
+ { "ProxyCertInfo", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "pCPathLenConstraint", 1073758211, NULL },
+ { "proxyPolicy", 2, "ProxyPolicy"},
+ { "ProxyPolicy", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "policyLanguage", 1073741836, NULL },
+ { "policy", 16391, NULL },
+ { "certificatePolicies", 1612709899, NULL },
+ { "MAX", 1074266122, "1"},
+ { NULL, 2, "PolicyInformation"},
+ { "PolicyInformation", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "policyIdentifier", 1073741836, NULL },
+ { "policyQualifiers", 538984459, NULL },
+ { "MAX", 1074266122, "1"},
+ { NULL, 2, "PolicyQualifierInfo"},
+ { "PolicyQualifierInfo", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "policyQualifierId", 1073741836, NULL },
+ { "qualifier", 541065229, NULL },
+ { "policyQualifierId", 1, NULL },
+ { "CPSuri", 1073741853, NULL },
+ { "UserNotice", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "noticeRef", 1073758210, "NoticeReference"},
+ { "explicitText", 16386, "DisplayText"},
+ { "NoticeReference", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "organization", 1073741826, "DisplayText"},
+ { "noticeNumbers", 536870923, NULL },
+ { NULL, 3, NULL },
+ { "DisplayText", 1610612754, NULL },
+ { "ia5String", 1612709917, NULL },
+ { "200", 524298, "1"},
+ { "visibleString", 1612709923, NULL },
+ { "200", 524298, "1"},
+ { "bmpString", 1612709921, NULL },
+ { "200", 524298, "1"},
+ { "utf8String", 538968098, NULL },
+ { "200", 524298, "1"},
+ { "OCSPRequest", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "tbsRequest", 1073741826, "TBSRequest"},
+ { "optionalSignature", 536895490, "Signature"},
+ { NULL, 2056, "0"},
+ { "TBSRequest", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "version", 1610653699, NULL },
+ { NULL, 1073741833, "0"},
+ { NULL, 2056, "0"},
+ { "requestorName", 1610637314, "GeneralName"},
+ { NULL, 2056, "1"},
+ { "requestList", 1610612747, NULL },
+ { NULL, 2, "Request"},
+ { "requestExtensions", 536895490, "Extensions"},
+ { NULL, 2056, "2"},
+ { "Signature", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "signatureAlgorithm", 1073741826, "AlgorithmIdentifier"},
+ { "signature", 1073741830, NULL },
+ { "certs", 536895499, NULL },
+ { NULL, 1073743880, "0"},
+ { NULL, 2, "Certificate"},
+ { "Request", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "reqCert", 1073741826, "CertID"},
+ { "singleRequestExtensions", 536895490, "Extensions"},
+ { NULL, 2056, "0"},
+ { "CertID", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "hashAlgorithm", 1073741826, "AlgorithmIdentifier"},
+ { "issuerNameHash", 1073741831, NULL },
+ { "issuerKeyHash", 1073741831, NULL },
+ { "serialNumber", 2, "CertificateSerialNumber"},
+ { "OCSPResponse", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "responseStatus", 1073741826, "OCSPResponseStatus"},
+ { "responseBytes", 536895490, "ResponseBytes"},
+ { NULL, 2056, "0"},
+ { "OCSPResponseStatus", 1610874901, NULL },
+ { "successful", 1073741825, "0"},
+ { "malformedRequest", 1073741825, "1"},
+ { "internalError", 1073741825, "2"},
+ { "tryLater", 1073741825, "3"},
+ { "sigRequired", 1073741825, "5"},
+ { "unauthorized", 1, "6"},
+ { "ResponseBytes", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "responseType", 1073741836, NULL },
+ { "response", 7, NULL },
+ { "BasicOCSPResponse", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "tbsResponseData", 1073741826, "ResponseData"},
+ { "signatureAlgorithm", 1073741826, "AlgorithmIdentifier"},
+ { "signature", 1073741830, NULL },
+ { "certs", 536895499, NULL },
+ { NULL, 1073743880, "0"},
+ { NULL, 2, "Certificate"},
+ { "ResponseData", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "version", 1610653699, NULL },
+ { NULL, 1073741833, "0"},
+ { NULL, 2056, "0"},
+ { "responderID", 1073741826, "ResponderID"},
+ { "producedAt", 1073741861, NULL },
+ { "responses", 1610612747, NULL },
+ { NULL, 2, "SingleResponse"},
+ { "responseExtensions", 536895490, "Extensions"},
+ { NULL, 2056, "1"},
+ { "ResponderID", 1610612754, NULL },
+ { "byName", 1610620939, NULL },
+ { NULL, 1073743880, "1"},
+ { NULL, 2, "RelativeDistinguishedName"},
+ { "byKey", 536879111, NULL },
+ { NULL, 2056, "2"},
+ { "SingleResponse", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "certID", 1073741826, "CertID"},
+ { "certStatus", 1073741826, "CertStatus"},
+ { "thisUpdate", 1073741861, NULL },
+ { "nextUpdate", 1610637349, NULL },
+ { NULL, 2056, "0"},
+ { "singleExtensions", 536895490, "Extensions"},
+ { NULL, 2056, "1"},
+ { "CertStatus", 1610612754, NULL },
+ { "good", 1610620948, NULL },
+ { NULL, 4104, "0"},
+ { "revoked", 1610620930, "RevokedInfo"},
+ { NULL, 4104, "1"},
+ { "unknown", 536879106, "UnknownInfo"},
+ { NULL, 4104, "2"},
+ { "RevokedInfo", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "revocationTime", 1073741861, NULL },
+ { "revocationReason", 537157653, NULL },
+ { NULL, 1073743880, "0"},
+ { "unspecified", 1, "0"},
+ { "UnknownInfo", 1073741844, NULL },
+ { "NameConstraints", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "permittedSubtrees", 1610637314, "GeneralSubtrees"},
+ { NULL, 4104, "0"},
+ { "excludedSubtrees", 536895490, "GeneralSubtrees"},
+ { NULL, 4104, "1"},
+ { "GeneralSubtrees", 1612709899, NULL },
+ { "MAX", 1074266122, "1"},
+ { NULL, 2, "GeneralSubtree"},
+ { "GeneralSubtree", 1610612741, NULL },
+ { "base", 1073741826, "GeneralName"},
+ { "minimum", 1610653699, NULL },
+ { NULL, 1073741833, "0"},
+ { NULL, 4104, "0"},
+ { "maximum", 536895491, NULL },
+ { NULL, 4104, "1"},
+ { "TlsFeatures", 536870923, NULL },
+ { NULL, 3, NULL },
+ { NULL, 0, NULL }
+};
--
2.39.5 (Apple Git-154)
_______________________________________________
Grub-devel mailing list
Grub-devel@gnu.org
https://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/grub-devel
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 27+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v4 09/23] appended signatures: Parse ASN1 node
2025-07-09 11:45 [PATCH v4 00/23] Appended Signature Secure Boot Support for PowerPC Sudhakar Kuppusamy
` (7 preceding siblings ...)
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 08/23] appended signatures: Import GNUTLS's ASN.1 description files Sudhakar Kuppusamy
@ 2025-07-09 11:45 ` Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 10/23] appended signatures: Parse PKCS#7 signedData Sudhakar Kuppusamy
` (13 subsequent siblings)
22 siblings, 0 replies; 27+ messages in thread
From: Sudhakar Kuppusamy @ 2025-07-09 11:45 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: grub-devel
Cc: jan.setjeeilers, julian.klode, mate.kukri, pjones, msuchanek,
mlewando, nayna, ltcgcw, ssrish, stefanb, avnish,
Sudhakar Kuppusamy, dja, Daniel Kiper
This code allows us to parse ASN1 node and allocating memory to store it.
It will work for anything where the size libtasn1 returns is right:
- Integers
- Octet strings
- DER encoding of other structures
It will _not_ work for things where libtasn1 size requires adjustment:
- Strings that require an extra NULL byte at the end
- Bit strings because libtasn1 returns the length in bits, not bytes.
If the function returns a non-NULL value, the caller must free it.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Axtens <dja@axtens.net>
Signed-off-by: Sudhakar Kuppusamy <sudhakar@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Berger <stefanb@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Avnish Chouhan <avnish@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
---
grub-core/commands/appendedsig/appendedsig.h | 42 +++++++++
grub-core/commands/appendedsig/asn1util.c | 96 ++++++++++++++++++++
2 files changed, 138 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 grub-core/commands/appendedsig/appendedsig.h
create mode 100644 grub-core/commands/appendedsig/asn1util.c
diff --git a/grub-core/commands/appendedsig/appendedsig.h b/grub-core/commands/appendedsig/appendedsig.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..91cc040bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/grub-core/commands/appendedsig/appendedsig.h
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+ * GRUB -- GRand Unified Bootloader
+ * Copyright (C) 2020, 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ * Copyright (C) 2020, 2022, 2025 IBM Corporation
+ *
+ * GRUB is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * GRUB is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with GRUB. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+#include <libtasn1.h>
+
+extern asn1_node grub_gnutls_gnutls_asn;
+extern asn1_node grub_gnutls_pkix_asn;
+
+/* Do libtasn1 init. */
+extern int
+asn1_init (void);
+
+/*
+ * Read a value from an ASN1 node, allocating memory to store it.
+ * It will work for anything where the size libtasn1 returns is right:
+ * - Integers
+ * - Octet strings
+ * - DER encoding of other structures
+ * It will _not_ work for things where libtasn1 size requires adjustment:
+ * - Strings that require an extra null byte at the end
+ * - Bit strings because libtasn1 returns the length in bits, not bytes.
+ *
+ * If the function returns a non-NULL value, the caller must free it.
+ */
+extern void *
+grub_asn1_allocate_and_read (asn1_node node, const char *name, const char *friendly_name, int *content_size);
diff --git a/grub-core/commands/appendedsig/asn1util.c b/grub-core/commands/appendedsig/asn1util.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7e7ee264b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/grub-core/commands/appendedsig/asn1util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+/*
+ * GRUB -- GRand Unified Bootloader
+ * Copyright (C) 2020, 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ * Copyright (C) 2020, 2022, 2025 IBM Corporation
+ *
+ * GRUB is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * GRUB is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with GRUB. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+#include <libtasn1.h>
+#include <grub/types.h>
+#include <grub/err.h>
+#include <grub/mm.h>
+#include <grub/crypto.h>
+#include <grub/misc.h>
+#include <grub/gcrypt/gcrypt.h>
+
+#include "appendedsig.h"
+
+asn1_node grub_gnutls_gnutls_asn = NULL;
+asn1_node grub_gnutls_pkix_asn = NULL;
+
+extern const asn1_static_node grub_gnutls_asn1_tab[];
+extern const asn1_static_node grub_pkix_asn1_tab[];
+
+/*
+ * Read a value from an ASN1 node, allocating memory to store it.
+ * It will work for anything where the size libtasn1 returns is right:
+ * - Integers
+ * - Octet strings
+ * - DER encoding of other structures
+ * It will _not_ work for things where libtasn1 size requires adjustment:
+ * - Strings that require an extra NULL byte at the end
+ * - Bit strings because libtasn1 returns the length in bits, not bytes.
+ * If the function returns a non-NULL value, the caller must free it.
+ */
+void *
+grub_asn1_allocate_and_read (asn1_node node, const char *name, const char *friendly_name, int *content_size)
+{
+ int result;
+ grub_uint8_t *tmpstr = NULL;
+ int tmpstr_size = 0;
+
+ result = asn1_read_value (node, name, NULL, &tmpstr_size);
+ if (result != ASN1_MEM_ERROR)
+ {
+ grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILE_TYPE, "reading size of %s did not return expected status: %s",
+ friendly_name, asn1_strerror (result)) ;
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ tmpstr = grub_malloc (tmpstr_size);
+ if (tmpstr == NULL)
+ {
+ grub_error (GRUB_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY, "could not allocate memory to store %s",
+ friendly_name) ;
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ result = asn1_read_value (node, name, tmpstr, &tmpstr_size);
+ if (result != ASN1_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ grub_free (tmpstr);
+ grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILE_TYPE, "error reading %s: %s", friendly_name,
+ asn1_strerror (result)) ;
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ *content_size = tmpstr_size;
+
+ return tmpstr;
+}
+
+int
+asn1_init (void)
+{
+ int res;
+
+ res = asn1_array2tree (grub_gnutls_asn1_tab, &grub_gnutls_gnutls_asn, NULL);
+ if (res != ASN1_SUCCESS)
+ return res;
+
+ res = asn1_array2tree (grub_pkix_asn1_tab, &grub_gnutls_pkix_asn, NULL);
+
+ return res;
+}
--
2.39.5 (Apple Git-154)
_______________________________________________
Grub-devel mailing list
Grub-devel@gnu.org
https://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/grub-devel
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 27+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v4 10/23] appended signatures: Parse PKCS#7 signedData
2025-07-09 11:45 [PATCH v4 00/23] Appended Signature Secure Boot Support for PowerPC Sudhakar Kuppusamy
` (8 preceding siblings ...)
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 09/23] appended signatures: Parse ASN1 node Sudhakar Kuppusamy
@ 2025-07-09 11:45 ` Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 11/23] appended signatures: Parse X.509 certificates Sudhakar Kuppusamy
` (12 subsequent siblings)
22 siblings, 0 replies; 27+ messages in thread
From: Sudhakar Kuppusamy @ 2025-07-09 11:45 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: grub-devel
Cc: jan.setjeeilers, julian.klode, mate.kukri, pjones, msuchanek,
mlewando, nayna, ltcgcw, ssrish, stefanb, avnish,
Sudhakar Kuppusamy, dja, Daniel Kiper
This code allows us to parse:
- PKCS#7 signedData messages. Only a single signerInfo is supported,
which is all that the Linux sign-file utility supports creating
out-of-the-box. Only RSA, SHA-256 and SHA-512 are supported.
Any certificate embedded in the PKCS#7 message will be ignored.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Axtens <dja@axtens.net>
Signed-off-by: Sudhakar Kuppusamy <sudhakar@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Berger <stefanb@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Avnish Chouhan <avnish@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
---
grub-core/commands/appendedsig/appendedsig.h | 36 ++
grub-core/commands/appendedsig/pkcs7.c | 454 +++++++++++++++++++
2 files changed, 490 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 grub-core/commands/appendedsig/pkcs7.c
diff --git a/grub-core/commands/appendedsig/appendedsig.h b/grub-core/commands/appendedsig/appendedsig.h
index 91cc040bb..cac7fb02c 100644
--- a/grub-core/commands/appendedsig/appendedsig.h
+++ b/grub-core/commands/appendedsig/appendedsig.h
@@ -17,11 +17,47 @@
* along with GRUB. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
+#include <grub/crypto.h>
#include <libtasn1.h>
extern asn1_node grub_gnutls_gnutls_asn;
extern asn1_node grub_gnutls_pkix_asn;
+#define MAX_OID_LEN 32
+
+/* A PKCS#7 signedData signerInfo. */
+struct pkcs7_signerInfo
+{
+ const gcry_md_spec_t *hash;
+ gcry_mpi_t sig_mpi;
+};
+
+/*
+ * A PKCS#7 signedData message.
+ * We make no attempt to match intelligently, so we don't save any info about
+ * the signer.
+ */
+struct pkcs7_signedData
+{
+ int signerInfo_count;
+ struct pkcs7_signerInfo *signerInfos;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Parse a PKCS#7 message, which must be a signedData message.
+ * The message must be in 'sigbuf' and of size 'data_size'. The result is
+ * placed in 'msg', which must already be allocated.
+ */
+extern grub_err_t
+parse_pkcs7_signedData (const void *sigbuf, grub_size_t data_size, struct pkcs7_signedData *msg);
+
+/*
+ * Release all the storage associated with the PKCS#7 message.
+ * If the caller dynamically allocated the message, it must free it.
+ */
+extern void
+pkcs7_signedData_release (struct pkcs7_signedData *msg);
+
/* Do libtasn1 init. */
extern int
asn1_init (void);
diff --git a/grub-core/commands/appendedsig/pkcs7.c b/grub-core/commands/appendedsig/pkcs7.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..235fff396
--- /dev/null
+++ b/grub-core/commands/appendedsig/pkcs7.c
@@ -0,0 +1,454 @@
+/*
+ * GRUB -- GRand Unified Bootloader
+ * Copyright (C) 2020, 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ * Copyright (C) 2020, 2022, 2025 IBM Corporation
+ *
+ * GRUB is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * GRUB is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with GRUB. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+#include "appendedsig.h"
+#include <grub/misc.h>
+#include <grub/crypto.h>
+#include <grub/gcrypt/gcrypt.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+static char asn1_error[ASN1_MAX_ERROR_DESCRIPTION_SIZE];
+
+/* RFC 5652 s 5.1 */
+static const char *signedData_oid = "1.2.840.113549.1.7.2";
+
+/* RFC 4055 s 2.1 */
+static const char *sha256_oid = "2.16.840.1.101.3.4.2.1";
+static const char *sha512_oid = "2.16.840.1.101.3.4.2.3";
+
+static grub_err_t
+process_content (grub_uint8_t *content, int size, struct pkcs7_signedData *msg)
+{
+ int res;
+ asn1_node signed_part;
+ grub_err_t err = GRUB_ERR_NONE;
+ char algo_oid[MAX_OID_LEN];
+ int algo_oid_size;
+ int algo_count;
+ int signer_count;
+ int i;
+ char version;
+ int version_size = sizeof (version);
+ grub_uint8_t *result_buf;
+ int result_size = 0;
+ int crls_size = 0;
+ gcry_error_t gcry_err;
+ bool sha256_in_da, sha256_in_si, sha512_in_da, sha512_in_si;
+ char *da_path;
+ char *si_sig_path;
+ char *si_da_path;
+
+ res = asn1_create_element (grub_gnutls_pkix_asn, "PKIX1.pkcs-7-SignedData", &signed_part);
+ if (res != ASN1_SUCCESS)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY,
+ "could not create ASN.1 structure for PKCS#7 signed part.");
+
+ res = asn1_der_decoding2 (&signed_part, content, &size,
+ ASN1_DECODE_FLAG_STRICT_DER, asn1_error);
+ if (res != ASN1_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_SIGNATURE,
+ "error reading PKCS#7 signed data: %s", asn1_error);
+ goto cleanup_signed_part;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * SignedData ::= SEQUENCE {
+ * version CMSVersion,
+ * digestAlgorithms DigestAlgorithmIdentifiers,
+ * encapContentInfo EncapsulatedContentInfo,
+ * certificates [0] IMPLICIT CertificateSet OPTIONAL,
+ * crls [1] IMPLICIT RevocationInfoChoices OPTIONAL,
+ * signerInfos SignerInfos }
+ */
+
+ res = asn1_read_value (signed_part, "version", &version, &version_size);
+ if (res != ASN1_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_SIGNATURE, "error reading signedData version: %s",
+ asn1_strerror (res));
+ goto cleanup_signed_part;
+ }
+
+ /* Signature version must be 1 because appended signature only support v1. */
+ if (version != 1)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_SIGNATURE,
+ "unexpected signature version v%d, only v1 supported.", version);
+ goto cleanup_signed_part;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * digestAlgorithms DigestAlgorithmIdentifiers
+ *
+ * DigestAlgorithmIdentifiers ::= SET OF DigestAlgorithmIdentifier
+ * DigestAlgorithmIdentifer is an X.509 AlgorithmIdentifier (10.1.1)
+ *
+ * RFC 4055 s 2.1:
+ * sha256Identifier AlgorithmIdentifier ::= { id-sha256, NULL }
+ * sha512Identifier AlgorithmIdentifier ::= { id-sha512, NULL }
+ *
+ * We only support 1 element in the set, and we do not check parameters atm.
+ */
+ res = asn1_number_of_elements (signed_part, "digestAlgorithms", &algo_count);
+ if (res != ASN1_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_SIGNATURE, "error counting number of digest algorithms: %s",
+ asn1_strerror (res));
+ goto cleanup_signed_part;
+ }
+
+ if (algo_count <= 0)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_SIGNATURE, "a minimum of 1 digest algorithm is required.");
+ goto cleanup_signed_part;
+ }
+
+ if (algo_count > 2)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED_YET, "a maximum of 2 digest algorithms is supported.");
+ goto cleanup_signed_part;
+ }
+
+ sha256_in_da = false;
+ sha512_in_da = false;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < algo_count; i++)
+ {
+ da_path = grub_xasprintf ("digestAlgorithms.?%d.algorithm", i + 1);
+ if (da_path == NULL)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY,
+ "could not allocate path for digest algorithm parsing path.");
+ goto cleanup_signed_part;
+ }
+
+ algo_oid_size = sizeof (algo_oid);
+ res = asn1_read_value (signed_part, da_path, algo_oid, &algo_oid_size);
+ if (res != ASN1_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_SIGNATURE, "error reading digest algorithm: %s",
+ asn1_strerror (res));
+ grub_free (da_path);
+ goto cleanup_signed_part;
+ }
+
+ if (grub_strncmp (sha512_oid, algo_oid, algo_oid_size) == 0)
+ {
+ if (sha512_in_da == false)
+ sha512_in_da = true;
+ else
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_SIGNATURE,
+ "SHA-512 specified twice in digest algorithm list.");
+ grub_free (da_path);
+ goto cleanup_signed_part;
+ }
+ }
+ else if (grub_strncmp (sha256_oid, algo_oid, algo_oid_size) == 0)
+ {
+ if (sha256_in_da == false)
+ sha256_in_da = true;
+ else
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_SIGNATURE,
+ "SHA-256 specified twice in digest algorithm list.");
+ grub_free (da_path);
+ goto cleanup_signed_part;
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED_YET,
+ "only SHA-256 and SHA-512 hashes are supported, found OID %s",
+ algo_oid);
+ grub_free (da_path);
+ goto cleanup_signed_part;
+ }
+
+ grub_free (da_path);
+ }
+
+ /* At this point, at least one of sha{256,512}_in_da must be true. */
+
+ /*
+ * We ignore the certificates, but we don't permit CRLs.
+ * A CRL entry might be revoking the certificate we're using, and we have
+ * no way of dealing with that at the moment.
+ */
+ res = asn1_read_value (signed_part, "crls", NULL, &crls_size);
+ if (res != ASN1_ELEMENT_NOT_FOUND)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED_YET,
+ "PKCS#7 messages with embedded CRLs are not supported.");
+ goto cleanup_signed_part;
+ }
+
+ /* Read the signatures */
+ res = asn1_number_of_elements (signed_part, "signerInfos", &signer_count);
+ if (res != ASN1_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_SIGNATURE, "error counting number of signers: %s",
+ asn1_strerror (res));
+ goto cleanup_signed_part;
+ }
+
+ if (signer_count <= 0)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_SIGNATURE, "a minimum of 1 signer is required.");
+ goto cleanup_signed_part;
+ }
+
+ msg->signerInfos = grub_calloc (signer_count, sizeof (struct pkcs7_signerInfo));
+ if (msg->signerInfos == NULL)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY,
+ "could not allocate space for %d signers.", signer_count);
+ goto cleanup_signed_part;
+ }
+
+ msg->signerInfo_count = 0;
+ for (i = 0; i < signer_count; i++)
+ {
+ si_da_path = grub_xasprintf ("signerInfos.?%d.digestAlgorithm.algorithm", i + 1);
+ if (si_da_path == NULL)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY,
+ "could not allocate path for signer %d's digest algorithm parsing path.",
+ i);
+ goto cleanup_signerInfos;
+ }
+
+ algo_oid_size = sizeof (algo_oid);
+ res = asn1_read_value (signed_part, si_da_path, algo_oid, &algo_oid_size);
+ if (res != ASN1_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_SIGNATURE,
+ "error reading signer %d's digest algorithm: %s", i, asn1_strerror (res));
+ grub_free (si_da_path);
+ goto cleanup_signerInfos;
+ }
+
+ grub_free (si_da_path);
+
+ if (grub_strncmp (sha512_oid, algo_oid, algo_oid_size) == 0)
+ {
+ if (sha512_in_da == false)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_SIGNATURE,
+ "signer %d claims a SHA-512 signature which was not "
+ "specified in the outer DigestAlgorithms.", i);
+ goto cleanup_signerInfos;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ sha512_in_si = true;
+ msg->signerInfos[i].hash = grub_crypto_lookup_md_by_name ("sha512");
+ }
+ }
+ else if (grub_strncmp (sha256_oid, algo_oid, algo_oid_size) == 0)
+ {
+ if (sha256_in_da == false)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_SIGNATURE,
+ "signer %d claims a SHA-256 signature which was not "
+ "specified in the outer DigestAlgorithms.", i);
+ goto cleanup_signerInfos;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ sha256_in_si = true;
+ msg->signerInfos[i].hash = grub_crypto_lookup_md_by_name ("sha256");
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED_YET,
+ "only SHA-256 and SHA-512 hashes are supported, found OID %s",
+ algo_oid);
+ goto cleanup_signerInfos;
+ }
+
+ if (msg->signerInfos[i].hash == NULL)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_SIGNATURE,
+ "Hash algorithm for signer %d (OID %s) not loaded.", i, algo_oid);
+ goto cleanup_signerInfos;
+ }
+
+ si_sig_path = grub_xasprintf ("signerInfos.?%d.signature", i + 1);
+ if (si_sig_path == NULL)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY,
+ "could not allocate path for signer %d's signature parsing path.", i);
+ goto cleanup_signerInfos;
+ }
+
+ result_buf = grub_asn1_allocate_and_read (signed_part, si_sig_path, "signature data", &result_size);
+ grub_free (si_sig_path);
+
+ if (result_buf == NULL)
+ {
+ err = grub_errno;
+ goto cleanup_signerInfos;
+ }
+
+ gcry_err = gcry_mpi_scan (&(msg->signerInfos[i].sig_mpi), GCRYMPI_FMT_USG,
+ result_buf, result_size, NULL);
+ grub_free (result_buf);
+
+ if (gcry_err != GPG_ERR_NO_ERROR)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_SIGNATURE,
+ "error loading signature %d into MPI structure: %d",
+ i, gcry_err);
+ goto cleanup_signerInfos;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Use msg->signerInfo_count to track fully populated signerInfos so we
+ * know how many we need to clean up.
+ */
+ msg->signerInfo_count++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Final consistency check of signerInfo.*.digestAlgorithm vs
+ * digestAlgorithms.*.algorithm. An algorithm must be present in both
+ * digestAlgorithms and signerInfo or in neither. We have already checked
+ * for an algorithm in signerInfo that is not in digestAlgorithms, here we
+ * check for algorithms in digestAlgorithms but not in signerInfos.
+ */
+ if (sha512_in_da == true && sha512_in_si == false)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_SIGNATURE,
+ "SHA-512 specified in DigestAlgorithms but did not appear in SignerInfos.");
+ goto cleanup_signerInfos;
+ }
+
+ if (sha256_in_da == true && sha256_in_si == false)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_SIGNATURE,
+ "SHA-256 specified in DigestAlgorithms but did not appear in SignerInfos.");
+ goto cleanup_signerInfos;
+ }
+
+ asn1_delete_structure (&signed_part);
+
+ return GRUB_ERR_NONE;
+
+ cleanup_signerInfos:
+ for (i = 0; i < msg->signerInfo_count; i++)
+ gcry_mpi_release (msg->signerInfos[i].sig_mpi);
+
+ grub_free (msg->signerInfos);
+
+ cleanup_signed_part:
+ asn1_delete_structure (&signed_part);
+
+ return err;
+}
+
+grub_err_t
+parse_pkcs7_signedData (const void *sigbuf, grub_size_t data_size, struct pkcs7_signedData *msg)
+{
+ int res;
+ asn1_node content_info;
+ grub_err_t err = GRUB_ERR_NONE;
+ char content_oid[MAX_OID_LEN];
+ grub_uint8_t *content;
+ int content_size;
+ int content_oid_size = sizeof (content_oid);
+ int size;
+
+ if (data_size > GRUB_INT_MAX)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE,
+ "cannot parse a PKCS#7 message where data size > GRUB_INT_MAX.");
+
+ size = (int) data_size;
+
+ res = asn1_create_element (grub_gnutls_pkix_asn, "PKIX1.pkcs-7-ContentInfo", &content_info);
+ if (res != ASN1_SUCCESS)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY,
+ "could not create ASN.1 structure for PKCS#7 data: %s",
+ asn1_strerror (res));
+
+ res = asn1_der_decoding2 (&content_info, sigbuf, &size,
+ ASN1_DECODE_FLAG_STRICT_DER | ASN1_DECODE_FLAG_ALLOW_PADDING,
+ asn1_error);
+ if (res != ASN1_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_SIGNATURE,
+ "error decoding PKCS#7 message DER: %s", asn1_error);
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * ContentInfo ::= SEQUENCE {
+ * contentType ContentType,
+ * content [0] EXPLICIT ANY DEFINED BY contentType }
+ *
+ * ContentType ::= OBJECT IDENTIFIER
+ */
+ res = asn1_read_value (content_info, "contentType", content_oid, &content_oid_size);
+ if (res != ASN1_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_SIGNATURE, "error reading PKCS#7 content type: %s",
+ asn1_strerror (res));
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ /* OID for SignedData defined in 5.1. */
+ if (grub_strncmp (signedData_oid, content_oid, content_oid_size) != 0)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_SIGNATURE,
+ "unexpected content type in PKCS#7 message: OID %s", content_oid);
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ content = grub_asn1_allocate_and_read (content_info, "content", "PKCS#7 message content", &content_size);
+ if (content == NULL)
+ {
+ err = grub_errno;
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ err = process_content (content, content_size, msg);
+ grub_free (content);
+
+ cleanup:
+ asn1_delete_structure (&content_info);
+
+ return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Release all the storage associated with the PKCS#7 message.
+ * If the caller dynamically allocated the message, it must free it.
+ */
+void
+pkcs7_signedData_release (struct pkcs7_signedData *msg)
+{
+ grub_ssize_t i;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < msg->signerInfo_count; i++)
+ gcry_mpi_release (msg->signerInfos[i].sig_mpi);
+
+ grub_free (msg->signerInfos);
+}
--
2.39.5 (Apple Git-154)
_______________________________________________
Grub-devel mailing list
Grub-devel@gnu.org
https://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/grub-devel
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 27+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v4 11/23] appended signatures: Parse X.509 certificates
2025-07-09 11:45 [PATCH v4 00/23] Appended Signature Secure Boot Support for PowerPC Sudhakar Kuppusamy
` (9 preceding siblings ...)
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 10/23] appended signatures: Parse PKCS#7 signedData Sudhakar Kuppusamy
@ 2025-07-09 11:45 ` Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 12/23] appended signatures: Support verifying appended signatures Sudhakar Kuppusamy
` (11 subsequent siblings)
22 siblings, 0 replies; 27+ messages in thread
From: Sudhakar Kuppusamy @ 2025-07-09 11:45 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: grub-devel
Cc: jan.setjeeilers, julian.klode, mate.kukri, pjones, msuchanek,
mlewando, nayna, ltcgcw, ssrish, stefanb, avnish,
Sudhakar Kuppusamy, dja, Javier Martinez Canillas, Daniel Kiper
This code allows us to parse:
- X.509 certificates: at least enough to verify the signatures on the
PKCS#7 messages. We expect that the certificates embedded in GRUB will
be leaf certificates, not CA certificates. The parser enforces this.
- X.509 certificates support the Extended Key Usage extension and handle
it by verifying that the certificate has a Code Signing usage.
Signed-off-by: Javier Martinez Canillas <javierm@redhat.com> # EKU support
Reported-by: Michal Suchanek <msuchanek@suse.com> # key usage issue
Signed-off-by: Daniel Axtens <dja@axtens.net>
Signed-off-by: Sudhakar Kuppusamy <sudhakar@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Berger <stefanb@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Avnish Chouhan <avnish@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
---
grub-core/commands/appendedsig/appendedsig.h | 30 +
grub-core/commands/appendedsig/x509.c | 953 +++++++++++++++++++
2 files changed, 983 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 grub-core/commands/appendedsig/x509.c
diff --git a/grub-core/commands/appendedsig/appendedsig.h b/grub-core/commands/appendedsig/appendedsig.h
index cac7fb02c..289121a4d 100644
--- a/grub-core/commands/appendedsig/appendedsig.h
+++ b/grub-core/commands/appendedsig/appendedsig.h
@@ -25,6 +25,21 @@ extern asn1_node grub_gnutls_pkix_asn;
#define MAX_OID_LEN 32
+/*
+ * One or more x509 certificates.
+ * We do limited parsing: extracting only the serial, CN and RSA public key.
+ */
+struct x509_certificate
+{
+ struct x509_certificate *next;
+ grub_uint8_t *serial;
+ grub_size_t serial_len;
+ char *subject;
+ grub_size_t subject_len;
+ /* We only support RSA public keys. This encodes [modulus, publicExponent]. */
+ gcry_mpi_t mpis[2];
+};
+
/* A PKCS#7 signedData signerInfo. */
struct pkcs7_signerInfo
{
@@ -43,6 +58,21 @@ struct pkcs7_signedData
struct pkcs7_signerInfo *signerInfos;
};
+/*
+ * Import a DER-encoded certificate at 'data', of size 'size'.
+ * Place the results into 'results', which must be already allocated.
+ */
+extern grub_err_t
+parse_x509_certificate (const void *data, grub_size_t size, struct x509_certificate *results);
+
+/*
+ * Release all the storage associated with the x509 certificate.
+ * If the caller dynamically allocated the certificate, it must free it.
+ * The caller is also responsible for maintenance of the linked list.
+ */
+extern void
+certificate_release (struct x509_certificate *cert);
+
/*
* Parse a PKCS#7 message, which must be a signedData message.
* The message must be in 'sigbuf' and of size 'data_size'. The result is
diff --git a/grub-core/commands/appendedsig/x509.c b/grub-core/commands/appendedsig/x509.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..05b22f66f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/grub-core/commands/appendedsig/x509.c
@@ -0,0 +1,953 @@
+/*
+ * GRUB -- GRand Unified Bootloader
+ * Copyright (C) 2020, 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ * Copyright (C) 2020, 2022, 2025 IBM Corporation
+ *
+ * GRUB is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * GRUB is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with GRUB. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+#include <libtasn1.h>
+#include <grub/types.h>
+#include <grub/err.h>
+#include <grub/mm.h>
+#include <grub/crypto.h>
+#include <grub/misc.h>
+#include <grub/gcrypt/gcrypt.h>
+
+#include "appendedsig.h"
+
+static char asn1_error[ASN1_MAX_ERROR_DESCRIPTION_SIZE];
+
+
+/* RFC 3279 2.3.1 RSA Keys */
+static const char *rsaEncryption_oid = "1.2.840.113549.1.1.1";
+
+/* RFC 5280 Appendix A */
+static const char *commonName_oid = "2.5.4.3";
+
+/* RFC 5280 4.2.1.3 Key Usage */
+static const char *keyUsage_oid = "2.5.29.15";
+
+static const grub_uint8_t digitalSignatureUsage = 0x80;
+
+/* RFC 5280 4.2.1.9 Basic Constraints */
+static const char *basicConstraints_oid = "2.5.29.19";
+
+/* RFC 5280 4.2.1.12 Extended Key Usage */
+static const char *extendedKeyUsage_oid = "2.5.29.37";
+static const char *codeSigningUsage_oid = "1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.3";
+
+/*
+ * RFC 3279 2.3.1
+ *
+ * The RSA public key MUST be encoded using the ASN.1 type RSAPublicKey:
+ *
+ * RSAPublicKey ::= SEQUENCE {
+ * modulus INTEGER, -- n
+ * publicExponent INTEGER } -- e
+ *
+ * where modulus is the modulus n, and publicExponent is the public
+ * exponent e.
+ */
+static grub_err_t
+grub_parse_rsa_pubkey (grub_uint8_t *der, int dersize, struct x509_certificate *certificate)
+{
+ int result;
+ asn1_node spk = NULL;
+ grub_uint8_t *m_data, *e_data;
+ int m_size, e_size;
+ grub_err_t err = GRUB_ERR_NONE;
+ gcry_error_t gcry_err;
+
+ result = asn1_create_element (grub_gnutls_gnutls_asn, "GNUTLS.RSAPublicKey", &spk);
+ if (result != ASN1_SUCCESS)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY,
+ "cannot create storage for public key ASN.1 data.");
+
+ result = asn1_der_decoding2 (&spk, der, &dersize, ASN1_DECODE_FLAG_STRICT_DER, asn1_error);
+ if (result != ASN1_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILE_TYPE,
+ "cannot decode certificate public key DER: %s", asn1_error);
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ m_data = grub_asn1_allocate_and_read (spk, "modulus", "RSA modulus", &m_size);
+ if (m_data == NULL)
+ {
+ err = grub_errno;
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ e_data = grub_asn1_allocate_and_read (spk, "publicExponent", "RSA public exponent", &e_size);
+ if (e_data == NULL)
+ {
+ err = grub_errno;
+ goto cleanup_m_data;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Convert m, e to mpi
+ *
+ * nscanned is not set for FMT_USG, it's only set for FMT_PGP,
+ * so we can't verify it.
+ */
+ gcry_err = gcry_mpi_scan (&certificate->mpis[0], GCRYMPI_FMT_USG, m_data, m_size, NULL);
+ if (gcry_err != GPG_ERR_NO_ERROR)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILE_TYPE,
+ "error loading RSA modulus into MPI structure: %d", gcry_err);
+ goto cleanup_e_data;
+ }
+
+ gcry_err = gcry_mpi_scan (&certificate->mpis[1], GCRYMPI_FMT_USG, e_data, e_size, NULL);
+ if (gcry_err != GPG_ERR_NO_ERROR)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILE_TYPE,
+ "error loading RSA exponent into MPI structure: %d", gcry_err);
+ goto cleanup_m_mpi;
+ }
+
+ grub_free (e_data);
+ grub_free (m_data);
+ asn1_delete_structure (&spk);
+
+ return GRUB_ERR_NONE;
+
+ cleanup_m_mpi:
+ gcry_mpi_release (certificate->mpis[0]);
+ cleanup_e_data:
+ grub_free (e_data);
+ cleanup_m_data:
+ grub_free (m_data);
+ cleanup:
+ asn1_delete_structure (&spk);
+
+ return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * RFC 5280:
+ * SubjectPublicKeyInfo ::= SEQUENCE {
+ * algorithm AlgorithmIdentifier,
+ * subjectPublicKey BIT STRING }
+ *
+ * AlgorithmIdentifiers come from RFC 3279, we are not strictly compilant as we
+ * only support RSA Encryption.
+ */
+static grub_err_t
+grub_x509_read_subject_public_key (asn1_node asn, struct x509_certificate *results)
+{
+ int result;
+ grub_err_t err;
+ const char *algo_name = "tbsCertificate.subjectPublicKeyInfo.algorithm.algorithm";
+ const char *params_name = "tbsCertificate.subjectPublicKeyInfo.algorithm.parameters";
+ const char *pk_name = "tbsCertificate.subjectPublicKeyInfo.subjectPublicKey";
+ char algo_oid[MAX_OID_LEN];
+ int algo_size = sizeof (algo_oid);
+ char params_value[2];
+ int params_size = sizeof (params_value);
+ grub_uint8_t *key_data = NULL;
+ int key_size = 0;
+ unsigned int key_type;
+
+ /* Algorithm: see notes for rsaEncryption_oid. */
+ result = asn1_read_value (asn, algo_name, algo_oid, &algo_size);
+ if (result != ASN1_SUCCESS)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILE_TYPE, "error reading x509 public key algorithm: %s",
+ asn1_strerror (result));
+
+ if (grub_strncmp (algo_oid, rsaEncryption_oid, sizeof (rsaEncryption_oid)) != 0)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED_YET,
+ "unsupported x509 public key algorithm: %s", algo_oid);
+
+ /*
+ * RFC 3279 2.3.1
+ * The rsaEncryption OID is intended to be used in the algorithm field
+ * of a value of type AlgorithmIdentifier. The parameters field MUST
+ * have ASN.1 type NULL for this algorithm identifier.
+ */
+ result = asn1_read_value (asn, params_name, params_value, ¶ms_size);
+ if (result != ASN1_SUCCESS)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILE_TYPE, "error reading x509 public key parameters: %s",
+ asn1_strerror (result));
+
+ if (params_value[0] != ASN1_TAG_NULL)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILE_TYPE,
+ "invalid x509 public key parameters: expected NULL.");
+
+ /*
+ * RFC 3279 2.3.1: The DER encoded RSAPublicKey is the value of the BIT
+ * STRING subjectPublicKey.
+ */
+ result = asn1_read_value_type (asn, pk_name, NULL, &key_size, &key_type);
+ if (result != ASN1_MEM_ERROR)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILE_TYPE, "error reading size of x509 public key: %s",
+ asn1_strerror (result));
+ if (key_type != ASN1_ETYPE_BIT_STRING)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILE_TYPE, "unexpected ASN.1 type when reading x509 public key: %x",
+ key_type);
+
+ /* Length is in bits. */
+ key_size = (key_size + 7) / 8;
+
+ key_data = grub_malloc (key_size);
+ if (key_data == NULL)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY, "out of memory for x509 public key.");
+
+ result = asn1_read_value (asn, pk_name, key_data, &key_size);
+ if (result != ASN1_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ grub_free (key_data);
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILE_TYPE, "error reading public key data.");
+ }
+
+ key_size = (key_size + 7) / 8;
+ err = grub_parse_rsa_pubkey (key_data, key_size, results);
+ grub_free (key_data);
+
+ return err;
+}
+
+/* Decode a string as defined in Appendix A. */
+static grub_err_t
+decode_string (char *der, int der_size, char **string, grub_size_t *string_size)
+{
+ asn1_node strasn;
+ int result;
+ char *choice;
+ int choice_size = 0;
+ int tmp_size = 0;
+ grub_err_t err = GRUB_ERR_NONE;
+
+ result = asn1_create_element (grub_gnutls_pkix_asn, "PKIX1.DirectoryString", &strasn);
+ if (result != ASN1_SUCCESS)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY,
+ "could not create ASN.1 structure for certificate: %s",
+ asn1_strerror (result));
+
+ result = asn1_der_decoding2 (&strasn, der, &der_size, ASN1_DECODE_FLAG_STRICT_DER, asn1_error);
+ if (result != ASN1_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILE_TYPE,
+ "could not parse DER for DirectoryString: %s", asn1_error);
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ choice = grub_asn1_allocate_and_read (strasn, "", "DirectoryString choice", &choice_size);
+ if (choice == NULL)
+ {
+ err = grub_errno;
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ if (grub_strncmp ("utf8String", choice, choice_size) == 0)
+ {
+ result = asn1_read_value (strasn, "utf8String", NULL, &tmp_size);
+ if (result != ASN1_MEM_ERROR)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILE_TYPE, "error reading size of UTF-8 string: %s",
+ asn1_strerror (result));
+ goto cleanup_choice;
+ }
+ }
+ else if (grub_strncmp ("printableString", choice, choice_size) == 0)
+ {
+ result = asn1_read_value (strasn, "printableString", NULL, &tmp_size);
+ if (result != ASN1_MEM_ERROR)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILE_TYPE, "error reading size of printableString: %s",
+ asn1_strerror (result));
+ goto cleanup_choice;
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED_YET,
+ "only UTF-8 and printable DirectoryStrings are supported, got %s",
+ choice);
+ goto cleanup_choice;
+ }
+
+ /* Read size does not include trailing NUL. */
+ tmp_size++;
+
+ *string = grub_malloc (tmp_size);
+ if (*string == NULL)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY,
+ "cannot allocate memory for DirectoryString contents.");
+ goto cleanup_choice;
+ }
+
+ result = asn1_read_value (strasn, choice, *string, &tmp_size);
+ if (result != ASN1_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILE_TYPE, "error reading out %s in DirectoryString: %s",
+ choice, asn1_strerror (result));
+ grub_free (*string);
+ *string = NULL;
+ goto cleanup_choice;
+ }
+
+ *string_size = tmp_size + 1;
+ (*string)[tmp_size] = '\0';
+
+ cleanup_choice:
+ grub_free (choice);
+ cleanup:
+ asn1_delete_structure (&strasn);
+
+ return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * TBSCertificate ::= SEQUENCE {
+ * version [0] EXPLICIT Version DEFAULT v1,
+ * ...
+ *
+ * Version ::= INTEGER { v1(0), v2(1), v3(2) }
+ */
+static grub_err_t
+check_version (asn1_node certificate)
+{
+ int rc;
+ const char *name = "tbsCertificate.version";
+ grub_uint8_t version;
+ int len = sizeof (version);
+
+ rc = asn1_read_value (certificate, name, &version, &len);
+
+ /* Require version 3. */
+ if (rc != ASN1_SUCCESS || len != 1)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILE_TYPE, "error reading certificate version.");
+
+ if (version != 0x02)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILE_TYPE,
+ "invalid x509 certificate version, expected v3 (0x02), got 0x%02x.",
+ version);
+
+ return GRUB_ERR_NONE;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is an X.501 Name, which is complex.
+ *
+ * For simplicity, we extract only the CN.
+ */
+static grub_err_t
+read_name (asn1_node asn, const char *name_path, char **name, grub_size_t *name_size)
+{
+ int seq_components, set_components;
+ int result;
+ int i, j;
+ char *top_path, *set_path, *type_path, *val_path;
+ char type[MAX_OID_LEN];
+ int type_len = sizeof (type);
+ int string_size = 0;
+ char *string_der;
+ grub_err_t err;
+
+ *name = NULL;
+
+ top_path = grub_xasprintf ("%s.rdnSequence", name_path);
+ if (top_path == NULL)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY,
+ "could not allocate memory for %s name parsing path.", name_path);
+
+ result = asn1_number_of_elements (asn, top_path, &seq_components);
+ if (result != ASN1_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILE_TYPE, "error counting name components: %s",
+ asn1_strerror (result));
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ for (i = 1; i <= seq_components; i++)
+ {
+ set_path = grub_xasprintf ("%s.?%d", top_path, i);
+ if (set_path == NULL)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY,
+ "could not allocate memory for %s name set parsing path.",
+ name_path);
+ goto cleanup_set;
+ }
+ /* This brings us, hopefully, to a set. */
+ result = asn1_number_of_elements (asn, set_path, &set_components);
+ if (result != ASN1_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILE_TYPE,
+ "error counting name sub-components components (element %d): %s",
+ i, asn1_strerror (result));
+ goto cleanup_set;
+ }
+ for (j = 1; j <= set_components; j++)
+ {
+ type_path = grub_xasprintf ("%s.?%d.?%d.type", top_path, i, j);
+ if (type_path == NULL)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY,
+ "could not allocate memory for %s name component type path.",
+ name_path);
+ goto cleanup_set;
+ }
+ type_len = sizeof (type);
+ result = asn1_read_value (asn, type_path, type, &type_len);
+ if (result != ASN1_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILE_TYPE, "error reading %s name component type: %s",
+ name_path, asn1_strerror (result));
+ goto cleanup_type;
+ }
+
+ if (grub_strncmp (type, commonName_oid, type_len) != 0)
+ {
+ grub_free (type_path);
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ val_path = grub_xasprintf ("%s.?%d.?%d.value", top_path, i, j);
+ if (val_path == NULL)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY,
+ "could not allocate memory for %s name component value path.",
+ name_path);
+ goto cleanup_type;
+ }
+
+ string_der = grub_asn1_allocate_and_read (asn, val_path, name_path, &string_size);
+ if (string_der == NULL)
+ {
+ err = grub_errno;
+ goto cleanup_val_path;
+ }
+
+ err = decode_string (string_der, string_size, name, name_size);
+ if (err)
+ goto cleanup_string;
+
+ grub_free (string_der);
+ grub_free (type_path);
+ grub_free (val_path);
+ break;
+ }
+
+ grub_free (set_path);
+ if (*name)
+ break;
+ }
+
+ grub_free (top_path);
+
+ return GRUB_ERR_NONE;
+
+ cleanup_string:
+ grub_free (string_der);
+ cleanup_val_path:
+ grub_free (val_path);
+ cleanup_type:
+ grub_free (type_path);
+ cleanup_set:
+ grub_free (set_path);
+ cleanup:
+ grub_free (top_path);
+
+ return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Verify the Key Usage extension.
+ * We require the Digital Signature usage.
+ */
+static grub_err_t
+verify_key_usage (grub_uint8_t *value, int value_size)
+{
+ asn1_node usageasn;
+ int result;
+ grub_err_t err = GRUB_ERR_NONE;
+ grub_uint8_t usage = 0xff;
+ int usage_size = sizeof (usage_size);
+
+ result = asn1_create_element (grub_gnutls_pkix_asn, "PKIX1.KeyUsage", &usageasn);
+ if (result != ASN1_SUCCESS)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY,
+ "could not create ASN.1 structure for key usage.");
+
+ result = asn1_der_decoding2 (&usageasn, value, &value_size,
+ ASN1_DECODE_FLAG_STRICT_DER, asn1_error);
+ if (result != ASN1_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILE_TYPE,
+ "error parsing DER for Key Usage: %s", asn1_error);
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ result = asn1_read_value (usageasn, "", &usage, &usage_size);
+ if (result != ASN1_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILE_TYPE, "error reading Key Usage value: %s",
+ asn1_strerror (result));
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ if (!(usage & digitalSignatureUsage))
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILE_TYPE,
+ "key usage (0x%x) missing Digital Signature usage.", usage);
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ cleanup:
+ asn1_delete_structure (&usageasn);
+
+ return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * BasicConstraints ::= SEQUENCE {
+ * cA BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE,
+ * pathLenConstraint INTEGER (0..MAX) OPTIONAL }
+ */
+static grub_err_t
+verify_basic_constraints (grub_uint8_t *value, int value_size)
+{
+ asn1_node basicasn;
+ int result;
+ grub_err_t err = GRUB_ERR_NONE;
+ char cA[6]; /* FALSE or TRUE. */
+ int cA_size = sizeof (cA);
+
+ result = asn1_create_element (grub_gnutls_pkix_asn, "PKIX1.BasicConstraints", &basicasn);
+ if (result != ASN1_SUCCESS)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY,
+ "could not create ASN.1 structure for Basic Constraints.");
+
+ result = asn1_der_decoding2 (&basicasn, value, &value_size,
+ ASN1_DECODE_FLAG_STRICT_DER, asn1_error);
+ if (result != ASN1_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILE_TYPE,
+ "error parsing DER for Basic Constraints: %s", asn1_error);
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ result = asn1_read_value (basicasn, "cA", cA, &cA_size);
+ if (result == ASN1_ELEMENT_NOT_FOUND)
+ {
+ /* Not present, default is False, so this is OK. */
+ err = GRUB_ERR_NONE;
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+ else if (result != ASN1_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILE_TYPE, "error reading Basic Constraints cA value: %s",
+ asn1_strerror (result));
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ /* The certificate must not be a CA certificate. */
+ if (grub_strncmp ("FALSE", cA, cA_size) != 0)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILE_TYPE, "unexpected CA value: %s", cA);
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ cleanup:
+ asn1_delete_structure (&basicasn);
+
+ return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Verify the Extended Key Usage extension.
+ * We require the Code Signing usage.
+ *
+ * ExtKeyUsageSyntax ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF KeyPurposeId
+ *
+ * KeyPurposeId ::= OBJECT IDENTIFIER
+ */
+static grub_err_t
+verify_extended_key_usage (grub_uint8_t *value, int value_size)
+{
+ asn1_node extendedasn;
+ int result, count, i = 0;
+ grub_err_t err = GRUB_ERR_NONE;
+ char usage[MAX_OID_LEN], name[3];
+ int usage_size = sizeof (usage);
+
+ result = asn1_create_element (grub_gnutls_pkix_asn, "PKIX1.ExtKeyUsageSyntax", &extendedasn);
+ if (result != ASN1_SUCCESS)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY,
+ "could not create ASN.1 structure for Extended Key Usage.");
+
+ result = asn1_der_decoding2 (&extendedasn, value, &value_size,
+ ASN1_DECODE_FLAG_STRICT_DER, asn1_error);
+ if (result != ASN1_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILE_TYPE,
+ "error parsing DER for Extended Key Usage: %s", asn1_error);
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ /* If EKUs are present, it checks the presents of Code Signing usage. */
+ result = asn1_number_of_elements (extendedasn, "", &count);
+ if (result != ASN1_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILE_TYPE, "error counting number of Extended Key Usages: %s",
+ asn1_strerror (result));
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ for (i = 1; i < count + 1; i++)
+ {
+ grub_memset (name, 0, sizeof (name));
+ grub_snprintf (name, sizeof (name), "?%d", i);
+ result = asn1_read_value (extendedasn, name, usage, &usage_size);
+ if (result != ASN1_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILE_TYPE, "error reading Extended Key Usage: %s",
+ asn1_strerror (result));
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ if (grub_strncmp (codeSigningUsage_oid, usage, usage_size) == 0)
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILE_TYPE, "extended key usage missing Code Signing usage.");
+
+ cleanup:
+ asn1_delete_structure (&extendedasn);
+
+ return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Extensions ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF Extension
+ *
+ * Extension ::= SEQUENCE {
+ * extnID OBJECT IDENTIFIER,
+ * critical BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE,
+ * extnValue OCTET STRING
+ * -- contains the DER encoding of an ASN.1 value
+ * -- corresponding to the extension type identified
+ * -- by extnID
+ * }
+ *
+ * A certificate must:
+ * - contain the Digital Signature usage
+ * - not be a CA
+ * - contain no extended usages, or contain the Code Signing extended usage
+ * - not contain any other critical extensions (RFC 5280 s 4.2)
+ */
+static grub_err_t
+verify_extensions (asn1_node cert)
+{
+ int result;
+ int ext, num_extensions = 0;
+ int usage_present = 0, constraints_present = 0, extended_usage_present = 0;
+ char *oid_path, *critical_path, *value_path;
+ char extnID[MAX_OID_LEN];
+ int extnID_size;
+ grub_err_t err;
+ char critical[6]; /* We get either "TRUE" or "FALSE". */
+ int critical_size;
+ grub_uint8_t *value;
+ int value_size;
+
+ result = asn1_number_of_elements (cert, "tbsCertificate.extensions", &num_extensions);
+ if (result != ASN1_SUCCESS)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILE_TYPE, "error counting number of extensions: %s",
+ asn1_strerror (result));
+
+ if (num_extensions < 2)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILE_TYPE,
+ "insufficient number of extensions for certificate, need at least 2, got %d",
+ num_extensions);
+
+ for (ext = 1; ext <= num_extensions; ext++)
+ {
+ oid_path = grub_xasprintf ("tbsCertificate.extensions.?%d.extnID", ext);
+ if (oid_path == NULL)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILE_TYPE, "error extension OID path is empty.");
+ return err;
+ }
+
+ extnID_size = sizeof (extnID);
+ result = asn1_read_value (cert, oid_path, extnID, &extnID_size);
+ if (result != ASN1_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILE_TYPE, "error reading extension OID: %s",
+ asn1_strerror (result));
+ goto cleanup_oid_path;
+ }
+
+ critical_path = grub_xasprintf ("tbsCertificate.extensions.?%d.critical", ext);
+ if (critical_path == NULL)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILE_TYPE, "error critical path is empty.");
+ goto cleanup_oid_path;
+ }
+
+ critical_size = sizeof (critical);
+ result = asn1_read_value (cert, critical_path, critical, &critical_size);
+ if (result == ASN1_ELEMENT_NOT_FOUND)
+ critical[0] = '\0';
+ else if (result != ASN1_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILE_TYPE, "error reading extension criticality: %s",
+ asn1_strerror (result));
+ goto cleanup_critical_path;
+ }
+
+ value_path = grub_xasprintf ("tbsCertificate.extensions.?%d.extnValue", ext);
+ if (value_path == NULL)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILE_TYPE, "error extnValue path is empty.");
+ goto cleanup_critical_path;
+ }
+
+ value = grub_asn1_allocate_and_read (cert, value_path,
+ "certificate extension value", &value_size);
+ if (value == NULL)
+ {
+ err = grub_errno;
+ goto cleanup_value_path;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Now we must see if we recognise the OID.
+ * If we have an unrecognised critical extension we MUST bail.
+ */
+ if (grub_strncmp (keyUsage_oid, extnID, extnID_size) == 0)
+ {
+ err = verify_key_usage (value, value_size);
+ if (err != GRUB_ERR_NONE)
+ goto cleanup_value;
+
+ usage_present++;
+ }
+ else if (grub_strncmp (basicConstraints_oid, extnID, extnID_size) == 0)
+ {
+ err = verify_basic_constraints (value, value_size);
+ if (err != GRUB_ERR_NONE)
+ goto cleanup_value;
+
+ constraints_present++;
+ }
+ else if (grub_strncmp (extendedKeyUsage_oid, extnID, extnID_size) == 0)
+ {
+ err = verify_extended_key_usage (value, value_size);
+ if (err != GRUB_ERR_NONE)
+ goto cleanup_value;
+
+ extended_usage_present++;
+ }
+ else if (grub_strncmp ("TRUE", critical, critical_size) == 0)
+ {
+ /*
+ * Per the RFC, we must not process a certificate with
+ * a critical extension we do not understand.
+ */
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILE_TYPE,
+ "unhandled critical x509 extension with OID %s", extnID);
+ goto cleanup_value;
+ }
+
+ grub_free (value);
+ grub_free (value_path);
+ grub_free (critical_path);
+ grub_free (oid_path);
+ }
+
+ if (usage_present != 1)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILE_TYPE,
+ "unexpected number of Key Usage extensions - expected 1, got %d",
+ usage_present);
+
+ if (constraints_present != 1)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILE_TYPE,
+ "unexpected number of basic constraints extensions - expected 1, got %d",
+ constraints_present);
+
+ if (extended_usage_present > 1)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILE_TYPE,
+ "unexpected number of Extended Key Usage extensions - expected 0 or 1, got %d",
+ extended_usage_present);
+
+ return GRUB_ERR_NONE;
+
+ cleanup_value:
+ grub_free (value);
+ cleanup_value_path:
+ grub_free (value_path);
+ cleanup_critical_path:
+ grub_free (critical_path);
+ cleanup_oid_path:
+ grub_free (oid_path);
+
+ return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Parse a certificate whose DER-encoded form is in @data, of size @data_size.
+ * Return the results in @results, which must point to an allocated x509 certificate.
+ */
+grub_err_t
+parse_x509_certificate (const void *data, grub_size_t data_size, struct x509_certificate *results)
+{
+ int result = 0;
+ asn1_node cert;
+ grub_err_t err;
+ int size;
+ int tmp_size;
+
+ if (data_size > GRUB_INT_MAX)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE,
+ "cannot parse a certificate where data size > INT_MAX.");
+ size = (int) data_size;
+
+ result = asn1_create_element (grub_gnutls_pkix_asn, "PKIX1.Certificate", &cert);
+ if (result != ASN1_SUCCESS)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY,
+ "could not create ASN.1 structure for certificate: %s",
+ asn1_strerror (result));
+
+ result = asn1_der_decoding2 (&cert, data, &size, ASN1_DECODE_FLAG_STRICT_DER, asn1_error);
+ if (result != ASN1_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILE_TYPE,
+ "could not parse DER for certificate: %s", asn1_error);
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * TBSCertificate ::= SEQUENCE {
+ * version [0] EXPLICIT Version DEFAULT v1
+ */
+ err = check_version (cert);
+ if (err != GRUB_ERR_NONE)
+ goto cleanup;
+
+ /*
+ * serialNumber CertificateSerialNumber,
+ *
+ * CertificateSerialNumber ::= INTEGER
+ */
+ results->serial = grub_asn1_allocate_and_read (cert, "tbsCertificate.serialNumber",
+ "certificate serial number", &tmp_size);
+ if (results->serial == NULL)
+ {
+ err = grub_errno;
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+ /*
+ * It's safe to cast the signed int to an unsigned here, we know
+ * length is non-negative.
+ */
+ results->serial_len = tmp_size;
+
+ /*
+ * signature AlgorithmIdentifier,
+ *
+ * We don't load the signature or issuer at the moment,
+ * as we don't attempt x509 verification.
+ */
+
+ /*
+ * issuer Name,
+ *
+ * The RFC only requires the serial number to be unique within
+ * issuers, so to avoid ambiguity we _technically_ ought to make
+ * this available.
+ */
+
+ /*
+ * validity Validity,
+ *
+ * Validity ::= SEQUENCE {
+ * notBefore Time,
+ * notAfter Time }
+ *
+ * We can't validate this reasonably, we have no true time source on several
+ * platforms. For now we do not parse them.
+ */
+
+ /*
+ * subject Name,
+ *
+ * This is an X501 name, we parse out just the CN.
+ */
+ err = read_name (cert, "tbsCertificate.subject", &results->subject, &results->subject_len);
+ if (err != GRUB_ERR_NONE)
+ goto cleanup_serial;
+
+ /*
+ * TBSCertificate ::= SEQUENCE {
+ * ...
+ * subjectPublicKeyInfo SubjectPublicKeyInfo,
+ * ...
+ */
+ err = grub_x509_read_subject_public_key (cert, results);
+ if (err != GRUB_ERR_NONE)
+ goto cleanup_name;
+
+ /*
+ * TBSCertificate ::= SEQUENCE {
+ * ...
+ * extensions [3] EXPLICIT Extensions OPTIONAL
+ * -- If present, version MUST be v3
+ * }
+ */
+ err = verify_extensions (cert);
+ if (err != GRUB_ERR_NONE)
+ goto cleanup_mpis;
+
+ /*
+ * We do not read or check the signature on the certificate:
+ * as discussed we do not try to validate the certificate but trust
+ * it implictly.
+ */
+ asn1_delete_structure (&cert);
+
+ return GRUB_ERR_NONE;
+
+ cleanup_mpis:
+ gcry_mpi_release (results->mpis[0]);
+ gcry_mpi_release (results->mpis[1]);
+ cleanup_name:
+ grub_free (results->subject);
+ cleanup_serial:
+ grub_free (results->serial);
+ cleanup:
+ asn1_delete_structure (&cert);
+
+ return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Release all the storage associated with the x509 certificate.
+ * If the caller dynamically allocated the certificate, it must free it.
+ * The caller is also responsible for maintenance of the linked list.
+ */
+void
+certificate_release (struct x509_certificate *cert)
+{
+ grub_free (cert->subject);
+ grub_free (cert->serial);
+ gcry_mpi_release (cert->mpis[0]);
+ gcry_mpi_release (cert->mpis[1]);
+}
--
2.39.5 (Apple Git-154)
_______________________________________________
Grub-devel mailing list
Grub-devel@gnu.org
https://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/grub-devel
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 27+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v4 12/23] appended signatures: Support verifying appended signatures
2025-07-09 11:45 [PATCH v4 00/23] Appended Signature Secure Boot Support for PowerPC Sudhakar Kuppusamy
` (10 preceding siblings ...)
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 11/23] appended signatures: Parse X.509 certificates Sudhakar Kuppusamy
@ 2025-07-09 11:45 ` Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 13/23] appended signatures: Verification tests Sudhakar Kuppusamy
` (10 subsequent siblings)
22 siblings, 0 replies; 27+ messages in thread
From: Sudhakar Kuppusamy @ 2025-07-09 11:45 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: grub-devel
Cc: jan.setjeeilers, julian.klode, mate.kukri, pjones, msuchanek,
mlewando, nayna, ltcgcw, ssrish, stefanb, avnish,
Sudhakar Kuppusamy, dja
Building on the parsers and the ability to embed x509 certificates, as
well as the existing gcrypt functionality, add a module for verifying
appended signatures.
This includes a verifier that requires that Linux kernels and grub modules
have appended signatures, and commands to manage the list of trusted
certificates for verification.
Verification must be enabled by setting check_appended_signatures. If
GRUB is locked down when the module is loaded, verification will be
enabled and locked automatically.
As with the PGP verifier, it is not a complete secure-boot solution:
other mechanisms, such as a password or lockdown, must be used to ensure
that a user cannot drop to the GRUB shell and disable verification.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Axtens <dja@axtens.net>
Signed-off-by: Sudhakar Kuppusamy <sudhakar@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Berger <stefanb@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Avnish Chouhan <avnish@linux.ibm.com>
---
grub-core/Makefile.core.def | 14 +
grub-core/commands/appendedsig/appendedsig.c | 594 +++++++++++++++++++
include/grub/file.h | 2 +
3 files changed, 610 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 grub-core/commands/appendedsig/appendedsig.c
diff --git a/grub-core/Makefile.core.def b/grub-core/Makefile.core.def
index f19071e22..6f5419b9e 100644
--- a/grub-core/Makefile.core.def
+++ b/grub-core/Makefile.core.def
@@ -979,6 +979,20 @@ module = {
cppflags = '-I$(srcdir)/lib/posix_wrap';
};
+module = {
+ name = appendedsig;
+ common = commands/appendedsig/appendedsig.c;
+ common = commands/appendedsig/x509.c;
+ common = commands/appendedsig/pkcs7.c;
+ common = commands/appendedsig/asn1util.c;
+ common = commands/appendedsig/gnutls_asn1_tab.c;
+ common = commands/appendedsig/pkix_asn1_tab.c;
+ enable = powerpc_ieee1275;
+ cflags = '$(CFLAGS_POSIX)';
+ cppflags = '-I$(srcdir)/lib/posix_wrap -I$(srcdir)/lib/libtasn1-grub';
+ depends = crypto, gcry_rsa, gcry_sha256, gcry_sha512, pkcs1_v15, mpi, asn1;
+};
+
module = {
name = hdparm;
common = commands/hdparm.c;
diff --git a/grub-core/commands/appendedsig/appendedsig.c b/grub-core/commands/appendedsig/appendedsig.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e26fc9724
--- /dev/null
+++ b/grub-core/commands/appendedsig/appendedsig.c
@@ -0,0 +1,594 @@
+/*
+ * GRUB -- GRand Unified Bootloader
+ * Copyright (C) 2020, 2021, 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ * Copyright (C) 2020, 2021, 2022, 2025 IBM Corporation
+ *
+ * GRUB is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * GRUB is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with GRUB. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+#include <grub/types.h>
+#include <grub/misc.h>
+#include <grub/mm.h>
+#include <grub/err.h>
+#include <grub/dl.h>
+#include <grub/file.h>
+#include <grub/command.h>
+#include <grub/crypto.h>
+#include <grub/pkcs1_v15.h>
+#include <grub/i18n.h>
+#include <grub/gcrypt/gcrypt.h>
+#include <grub/kernel.h>
+#include <grub/extcmd.h>
+#include <grub/verify.h>
+#include <libtasn1.h>
+#include <grub/env.h>
+#include <grub/lockdown.h>
+
+#include "appendedsig.h"
+
+GRUB_MOD_LICENSE ("GPLv3+");
+
+/* Public key type. */
+#define GRUB_PKEY_ID_PKCS7 2
+
+/* Appended signature magic string. */
+static const char magic[] = "~Module signature appended~\n";
+
+/*
+ * This structure is extracted from scripts/sign-file.c in the linux kernel
+ * source. It was licensed as LGPLv2.1+, which is GPLv3+ compatible.
+ */
+struct module_signature
+{
+ grub_uint8_t algo; /* Public-key crypto algorithm [0]. */
+ grub_uint8_t hash; /* Digest algorithm [0]. */
+ grub_uint8_t id_type; /* Key identifier type [GRUB_PKEY_ID_PKCS7]. */
+ grub_uint8_t signer_len; /* Length of signer's name [0]. */
+ grub_uint8_t key_id_len; /* Length of key identifier [0]. */
+ grub_uint8_t __pad[3];
+ grub_uint32_t sig_len; /* Length of signature data. */
+} GRUB_PACKED;
+
+/* This represents an entire, parsed, appended signature. */
+struct grub_appended_signature
+{
+ grub_size_t signature_len; /* Length of PKCS#7 data + metadata + magic. */
+ struct module_signature sig_metadata; /* Module signature metadata. */
+ struct pkcs7_signedData pkcs7; /* Parsed PKCS#7 data. */
+};
+
+/* Trusted certificates for verifying appended signatures. */
+struct x509_certificate *db;
+
+static enum
+{
+ CHECK_SIGS_NO = 0,
+ CHECK_SIGS_ENFORCE = 1,
+ CHECK_SIGS_FORCED = 2
+} check_sigs = CHECK_SIGS_NO;
+
+static const char *
+grub_env_read_sec (struct grub_env_var *var __attribute__ ((unused)),
+ const char *val __attribute__ ((unused)))
+{
+ if (check_sigs == CHECK_SIGS_FORCED)
+ return "forced";
+ else if (check_sigs == CHECK_SIGS_ENFORCE)
+ return "enforce";
+
+ return "no";
+}
+
+static char *
+grub_env_write_sec (struct grub_env_var *var __attribute__ ((unused)), const char *val)
+{
+ char *ret;
+
+ /* Do not allow the value to be changed if set to forced. */
+ if (check_sigs == CHECK_SIGS_FORCED)
+ {
+ ret = grub_strdup ("forced");
+ if (ret == NULL)
+ grub_error (GRUB_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY, "could not duplicate a string forced.");
+
+ return ret;
+ }
+
+ if ((*val == '2') || (*val == 'f'))
+ check_sigs = CHECK_SIGS_FORCED;
+ else if ((*val == '1') || (*val == 'e'))
+ check_sigs = CHECK_SIGS_ENFORCE;
+ else if ((*val == '0') || (*val == 'n'))
+ check_sigs = CHECK_SIGS_NO;
+
+ ret = grub_strdup (grub_env_read_sec (NULL, NULL));
+ if (ret == NULL)
+ grub_error (GRUB_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY, "could not duplicate a string %s",
+ grub_env_read_sec (NULL, NULL));
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
+static grub_err_t
+file_read_all (grub_file_t file, grub_uint8_t **buf, grub_size_t *len)
+{
+ grub_off_t full_file_size;
+ grub_size_t file_size, total_read_size = 0;
+ grub_ssize_t read_size;
+
+ full_file_size = grub_file_size (file);
+ if (full_file_size == GRUB_FILE_SIZE_UNKNOWN)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_ARGUMENT,
+ "cannot read a file of unknown size into a buffer.");
+
+ if (full_file_size > GRUB_SIZE_MAX)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE,
+ "file is too large to read: %" PRIuGRUB_UINT64_T " bytes.",
+ full_file_size);
+
+ file_size = (grub_size_t) full_file_size;
+ *buf = grub_malloc (file_size);
+ if (*buf == NULL)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY,
+ "could not allocate file data buffer size %" PRIuGRUB_SIZE,
+ file_size);
+
+ while (total_read_size < file_size)
+ {
+ read_size = grub_file_read (file, *buf + total_read_size, file_size - total_read_size);
+ if (read_size < 0)
+ {
+ grub_free (*buf);
+ return grub_errno;
+ }
+ else if (read_size == 0)
+ {
+ grub_free (*buf);
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_IO,
+ "could not read full file size "
+ "(%" PRIuGRUB_SIZE "), only %" PRIuGRUB_SIZE " bytes read.",
+ file_size, total_read_size);
+ }
+
+ total_read_size += read_size;
+ }
+
+ *len = file_size;
+
+ return GRUB_ERR_NONE;
+}
+
+static grub_err_t
+read_cert_from_file (grub_file_t f, struct x509_certificate *certificate)
+{
+ grub_err_t err;
+ grub_uint8_t *buf;
+ grub_size_t file_size;
+
+ err = file_read_all (f, &buf, &file_size);
+ if (err != GRUB_ERR_NONE)
+ return err;
+
+ err = parse_x509_certificate (buf, file_size, certificate);
+ grub_free (buf);
+
+ return err;
+}
+
+static grub_err_t
+extract_appended_signature (const grub_uint8_t *buf, grub_size_t bufsize,
+ struct grub_appended_signature *sig)
+{
+ grub_size_t pkcs7_size;
+ grub_size_t remaining_len;
+ const grub_uint8_t *appsigdata = buf + bufsize - grub_strlen (magic);
+
+ if (bufsize < grub_strlen (magic))
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_SIGNATURE, "file too short for signature magic.");
+
+ if (grub_strncmp ((const char *) appsigdata, magic, sizeof (magic) - 1))
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_SIGNATURE, "missing or invalid signature magic.");
+
+ remaining_len = bufsize - grub_strlen (magic);
+
+ if (remaining_len < sizeof (struct module_signature))
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_SIGNATURE, "file too short for signature metadata.");
+
+ appsigdata -= sizeof (struct module_signature);
+ /* Extract the metadata. */
+ grub_memcpy (&(sig->sig_metadata), appsigdata, sizeof (struct module_signature));
+ remaining_len -= sizeof (struct module_signature);
+
+ if (sig->sig_metadata.id_type != GRUB_PKEY_ID_PKCS7)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_SIGNATURE, "wrong signature type.");
+
+ pkcs7_size = grub_be_to_cpu32 (sig->sig_metadata.sig_len);
+
+ if (pkcs7_size > remaining_len)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_SIGNATURE, "file too short for PKCS#7 message.");
+
+ grub_dprintf ("appendedsig", "sig len %" PRIuGRUB_SIZE "\n", pkcs7_size);
+
+ sig->signature_len = grub_strlen (magic) + sizeof (struct module_signature) + pkcs7_size;
+ /* Rewind pointer and parse pkcs7 data. */
+ appsigdata -= pkcs7_size;
+
+ return parse_pkcs7_signedData (appsigdata, pkcs7_size, &sig->pkcs7);
+}
+
+static grub_err_t
+grub_verify_appended_signature (const grub_uint8_t *buf, grub_size_t bufsize)
+{
+ grub_err_t err = GRUB_ERR_NONE;
+ grub_size_t datasize;
+ void *context;
+ unsigned char *hash;
+ gcry_mpi_t hashmpi;
+ gcry_err_code_t rc;
+ struct x509_certificate *pk;
+ struct grub_appended_signature sig;
+ struct pkcs7_signerInfo *si;
+ int i;
+
+ if (db == NULL)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_SIGNATURE, "no trusted keys to verify against.");
+
+ err = extract_appended_signature (buf, bufsize, &sig);
+ if (err != GRUB_ERR_NONE)
+ return err;
+
+ datasize = bufsize - sig.signature_len;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < sig.pkcs7.signerInfo_count; i++)
+ {
+ /*
+ * This could be optimised in a couple of ways:
+ * - we could only compute hashes once per hash type.
+ * - we could track signer information and only verify where IDs match.
+ * For now we do the naive O(trusted keys * pkcs7 signers) approach.
+ */
+ si = &sig.pkcs7.signerInfos[i];
+ context = grub_zalloc (si->hash->contextsize);
+ if (context == NULL)
+ return grub_errno;
+
+ si->hash->init (context);
+ si->hash->write (context, buf, datasize);
+ si->hash->final (context);
+ hash = si->hash->read (context);
+
+ grub_dprintf ("appendedsig", "data size %" PRIxGRUB_SIZE ", signer %d hash %02x%02x%02x%02x...\n",
+ datasize, i, hash[0], hash[1], hash[2], hash[3]);
+
+ err = GRUB_ERR_BAD_SIGNATURE;
+ for (pk = db; pk != NULL; pk = pk->next)
+ {
+ rc = grub_crypto_rsa_pad (&hashmpi, hash, si->hash, pk->mpis[0]);
+ if (rc != GPG_ERR_NO_ERROR)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_SIGNATURE,
+ "error padding hash for RSA verification: %d", (int) rc);
+ grub_free (context);
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ rc = grub_crypto_pk_rsa->verify (0, hashmpi, &si->sig_mpi, pk->mpis, NULL, NULL);
+ gcry_mpi_release (hashmpi);
+ if (rc == GPG_ERR_NO_ERROR)
+ {
+ grub_dprintf ("appendedsig", "verify signer %d with key '%s' succeeded.\n",
+ i, pk->subject);
+ err = GRUB_ERR_NONE;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ grub_dprintf ("appendedsig", "verify signer %d with key '%s' failed with %d\n",
+ i, pk->subject, (int) rc);
+ }
+
+ grub_free (context);
+ if (err == GRUB_ERR_NONE)
+ break;
+ }
+
+ /* If we didn't verify, provide a neat message. */
+ if (err != GRUB_ERR_NONE)
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_SIGNATURE,
+ "failed to verify signature against a trusted key.");
+
+ cleanup:
+ pkcs7_signedData_release (&sig.pkcs7);
+
+ return err;
+}
+
+static grub_err_t
+grub_cmd_verify_signature (grub_command_t cmd __attribute__ ((unused)), int argc, char **args)
+{
+ grub_file_t signed_file;
+ grub_err_t err = GRUB_ERR_NONE;
+ grub_uint8_t *data;
+ grub_size_t file_size;
+
+ if (argc != 1)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_ARGUMENT, "one argument expected.");
+
+ grub_dprintf ("appendedsig", "verifying %s\n", args[0]);
+
+ signed_file = grub_file_open (args[0], GRUB_FILE_TYPE_VERIFY_SIGNATURE);
+ if (signed_file == NULL)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILE_TYPE, "could not open %s file.", args[0]);
+
+ err = file_read_all (signed_file, &data, &file_size);
+ if (err == GRUB_ERR_NONE)
+ err = grub_verify_appended_signature (data, file_size);
+
+ grub_file_close (signed_file);
+ grub_free (data);
+
+ return err;
+}
+
+static grub_err_t
+grub_cmd_dbx (grub_command_t cmd __attribute__ ((unused)), int argc, char **args)
+{
+ unsigned long cert_num, i = 0;
+ const char *end;
+ struct x509_certificate *cert, *prev_cert;
+
+ if (argc != 1)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_ARGUMENT, "one argument expected.");
+
+ cert_num = grub_strtoul (args[0], &end, 10);
+ if (*(args[0]) == '\0' || *end != '\0')
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_ARGUMENT,
+ "non-numeric or certificate number is invalid %s", args[0]);
+ else if (cert_num == 0)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE, "certificate numbers start at 1.");
+
+ for (cert = prev_cert = db; cert != NULL; cert = cert->next)
+ {
+ if (cert_num == 1) /* Match with first certificate in the db. */
+ {
+ db = cert->next;
+ break;
+ }
+ else if (cert_num == i)
+ {
+ prev_cert->next = cert->next;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ prev_cert = cert;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ if (cert != NULL)
+ {
+ certificate_release (cert);
+ grub_free (cert);
+ return GRUB_ERR_NONE;
+ }
+
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_ARGUMENT,
+ "not found certificate number %lu in the db.", cert_num);
+}
+
+static grub_err_t
+grub_cmd_db (grub_command_t cmd __attribute__ ((unused)), int argc, char **args)
+{
+ grub_file_t certf;
+ struct x509_certificate *cert = NULL;
+ grub_err_t err;
+
+ if (argc != 1)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_ARGUMENT, "one argument expected.");
+
+ certf = grub_file_open (args[0], GRUB_FILE_TYPE_CERTIFICATE_TRUST | GRUB_FILE_TYPE_NO_DECOMPRESS);
+ if (certf == NULL)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILE_TYPE, "could not open %s file.", args[0]);
+
+ cert = grub_zalloc (sizeof (struct x509_certificate));
+ if (cert == NULL)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY, "could not allocate memory for certificate.");
+
+ err = read_cert_from_file (certf, cert);
+ grub_file_close (certf);
+ if (err != GRUB_ERR_NONE)
+ {
+ grub_free (cert);
+ return err;
+ }
+
+ grub_dprintf ("appendedsig", "loaded certificate with CN: %s\n", cert->subject);
+
+ cert->next = db;
+ db = cert;
+
+ return GRUB_ERR_NONE;
+}
+
+static grub_err_t
+grub_cmd_list (grub_command_t cmd __attribute__ ((unused)), int argc __attribute__ ((unused)),
+ char **args __attribute__ ((unused)))
+{
+ struct x509_certificate *cert;
+ int cert_num = 1;
+ grub_size_t i;
+
+ for (cert = db; cert != NULL; cert = cert->next)
+ {
+ grub_printf ("Certificate %d:\n", cert_num);
+ grub_printf ("\tSerial: ");
+
+ for (i = 0; i < cert->serial_len - 1; i++)
+ grub_printf ("%02x:", cert->serial[i]);
+
+ grub_printf ("%02x\n", cert->serial[cert->serial_len - 1]);
+ grub_printf ("\tCN: %s\n\n", cert->subject);
+ cert_num++;
+ }
+
+ return GRUB_ERR_NONE;
+}
+
+static grub_err_t
+appendedsig_init (grub_file_t io __attribute__ ((unused)), enum grub_file_type type,
+ void **context __attribute__ ((unused)), enum grub_verify_flags *flags)
+{
+ if (check_sigs == CHECK_SIGS_NO)
+ {
+ *flags = GRUB_VERIFY_FLAGS_SKIP_VERIFICATION;
+ return GRUB_ERR_NONE;
+ }
+
+ switch (type & GRUB_FILE_TYPE_MASK)
+ {
+ case GRUB_FILE_TYPE_CERTIFICATE_TRUST:
+ /*
+ * This is a certificate to add to trusted keychain.
+ *
+ * This needs to be verified or blocked. Ideally we'd write an x509
+ * verifier, but we lack the hubris required to take this on. Instead,
+ * require that it have an appended signature.
+ */
+ case GRUB_FILE_TYPE_LINUX_KERNEL:
+ case GRUB_FILE_TYPE_GRUB_MODULE:
+ /*
+ * Appended signatures are only defined for ELF binaries.
+ * Out of an abundance of caution, we only verify Linux kernels and
+ * GRUB modules at this point.
+ */
+ *flags = GRUB_VERIFY_FLAGS_SINGLE_CHUNK;
+ return GRUB_ERR_NONE;
+
+ case GRUB_FILE_TYPE_ACPI_TABLE:
+ case GRUB_FILE_TYPE_DEVICE_TREE_IMAGE:
+ /*
+ * It is possible to use appended signature verification without
+ * lockdown - like the PGP verifier. When combined with an embedded
+ * config file in a signed GRUB binary, this could still be a meaningful
+ * secure-boot chain - so long as it isn't subverted by something like a
+ * rouge ACPI table or DT image. Defer them explicitly.
+ */
+ *flags = GRUB_VERIFY_FLAGS_DEFER_AUTH;
+ return GRUB_ERR_NONE;
+
+ default:
+ *flags = GRUB_VERIFY_FLAGS_SKIP_VERIFICATION;
+ return GRUB_ERR_NONE;
+ }
+}
+
+static grub_err_t
+appendedsig_write (void *ctxt __attribute__ ((unused)), void *buf, grub_size_t size)
+{
+ return grub_verify_appended_signature (buf, size);
+}
+
+struct grub_file_verifier grub_appendedsig_verifier = {
+ .name = "appendedsig",
+ .init = appendedsig_init,
+ .write = appendedsig_write,
+};
+
+static grub_ssize_t
+pseudo_read (struct grub_file *file, char *buf, grub_size_t len)
+{
+ grub_memcpy (buf, (grub_uint8_t *) file->data + file->offset, len);
+ return len;
+}
+
+/* Filesystem descriptor. */
+static struct grub_fs pseudo_fs = {
+ .name = "pseudo",
+ .fs_read = pseudo_read
+};
+
+static grub_command_t cmd_verify, cmd_list, cmd_dbx, cmd_db;
+
+GRUB_MOD_INIT (appendedsig)
+{
+ int rc;
+ struct grub_module_header *header;
+
+ /* If in lockdown, immediately enter forced mode. */
+ if (grub_is_lockdown () == GRUB_LOCKDOWN_ENABLED)
+ check_sigs = CHECK_SIGS_FORCED;
+
+ db = NULL;
+ grub_register_variable_hook ("check_appended_signatures", grub_env_read_sec, grub_env_write_sec);
+ grub_env_export ("check_appended_signatures");
+
+ rc = asn1_init ();
+ if (rc)
+ grub_fatal ("error initing ASN.1 data structures: %d: %s\n", rc, asn1_strerror (rc));
+
+ FOR_MODULES (header)
+ {
+ struct grub_file pseudo_file;
+ struct x509_certificate *pk = NULL;
+ grub_err_t err;
+
+ /* Not an X.509 certificate, skip. */
+ if (header->type != OBJ_TYPE_X509_PUBKEY)
+ continue;
+
+ grub_memset (&pseudo_file, 0, sizeof (pseudo_file));
+ pseudo_file.fs = &pseudo_fs;
+ pseudo_file.size = header->size - sizeof (struct grub_module_header);
+ pseudo_file.data = (char *) header + sizeof (struct grub_module_header);
+
+ grub_dprintf ("appendedsig", "found an x509 key, size=%" PRIuGRUB_UINT64_T "\n",
+ pseudo_file.size);
+
+ pk = grub_zalloc (sizeof (struct x509_certificate));
+ if (pk == NULL)
+ grub_fatal ("out of memory loading initial certificates.");
+
+ err = read_cert_from_file (&pseudo_file, pk);
+ if (err != GRUB_ERR_NONE)
+ grub_fatal ("error loading initial key: %s", grub_errmsg);
+
+ grub_dprintf ("appendedsig", "loaded certificate CN='%s'\n", pk->subject);
+
+ pk->next = db;
+ db = pk;
+ }
+
+ cmd_db = grub_register_command ("append_add_db_cert", grub_cmd_db, N_("X509_CERTIFICATE"),
+ N_("Add trusted X509_CERTIFICATE to the db"));
+ cmd_list = grub_register_command ("append_list_db", grub_cmd_list, 0,
+ N_("Show the list of trusted X.509 certificates from the db"));
+ cmd_verify = grub_register_command ("append_verify", grub_cmd_verify_signature, N_("FILE"),
+ N_("Verify FILE against the trusted X.509 certificates in the db"));
+ cmd_dbx = grub_register_command ("append_rm_dbx_cert", grub_cmd_dbx, N_("CERT_NUMBER"),
+ N_("Remove CERT_NUMBER (as listed by append_list_db) from the db"));
+
+ grub_verifier_register (&grub_appendedsig_verifier);
+ grub_dl_set_persistent (mod);
+}
+
+GRUB_MOD_FINI (appendedsig)
+{
+ /*
+ * grub_dl_set_persistent should prevent this from actually running, but
+ * it does still run under emu.
+ */
+ grub_verifier_unregister (&grub_appendedsig_verifier);
+ grub_unregister_command (cmd_verify);
+ grub_unregister_command (cmd_list);
+ grub_unregister_command (cmd_db);
+ grub_unregister_command (cmd_dbx);
+}
diff --git a/include/grub/file.h b/include/grub/file.h
index a5bf3a792..d678de063 100644
--- a/include/grub/file.h
+++ b/include/grub/file.h
@@ -80,6 +80,8 @@ enum grub_file_type
GRUB_FILE_TYPE_PUBLIC_KEY,
/* File holding public key to add to trused keys. */
GRUB_FILE_TYPE_PUBLIC_KEY_TRUST,
+ /* File holding x509 certificiate to add to trusted keys. */
+ GRUB_FILE_TYPE_CERTIFICATE_TRUST,
/* File of which we intend to print a blocklist to the user. */
GRUB_FILE_TYPE_PRINT_BLOCKLIST,
/* File we intend to use for test loading or testing speed. */
--
2.39.5 (Apple Git-154)
_______________________________________________
Grub-devel mailing list
Grub-devel@gnu.org
https://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/grub-devel
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 27+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v4 13/23] appended signatures: Verification tests
2025-07-09 11:45 [PATCH v4 00/23] Appended Signature Secure Boot Support for PowerPC Sudhakar Kuppusamy
` (11 preceding siblings ...)
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 12/23] appended signatures: Support verifying appended signatures Sudhakar Kuppusamy
@ 2025-07-09 11:45 ` Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 14/23] appended signatures: Documentation Sudhakar Kuppusamy
` (9 subsequent siblings)
22 siblings, 0 replies; 27+ messages in thread
From: Sudhakar Kuppusamy @ 2025-07-09 11:45 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: grub-devel
Cc: jan.setjeeilers, julian.klode, mate.kukri, pjones, msuchanek,
mlewando, nayna, ltcgcw, ssrish, stefanb, avnish, Daniel Axtens,
Sudhakar Kuppusamy, Daniel Kiper
From: Daniel Axtens <dja@axtens.net>
These tests are run through all_functional_test and test a range
of commands and behaviours.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Axtens <dja@axtens.net>
Signed-off-by: Sudhakar Kuppusamy <sudhakar@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Berger <stefanb@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Avnish Chouhan <avnish@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
---
grub-core/Makefile.core.def | 7 +
grub-core/tests/appended_signature_test.c | 250 ++++++
grub-core/tests/appended_signatures.h | 975 ++++++++++++++++++++++
grub-core/tests/lib/functional_test.c | 5 +
4 files changed, 1237 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 grub-core/tests/appended_signature_test.c
create mode 100644 grub-core/tests/appended_signatures.h
diff --git a/grub-core/Makefile.core.def b/grub-core/Makefile.core.def
index 6f5419b9e..4113cb0ef 100644
--- a/grub-core/Makefile.core.def
+++ b/grub-core/Makefile.core.def
@@ -2194,6 +2194,13 @@ module = {
common = tests/setjmp_test.c;
};
+module = {
+ name = appended_signature_test;
+ common = tests/appended_signature_test.c;
+ common = tests/appended_signatures.h;
+ enable = powerpc_ieee1275;
+};
+
module = {
name = signature_test;
common = tests/signature_test.c;
diff --git a/grub-core/tests/appended_signature_test.c b/grub-core/tests/appended_signature_test.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ce4c60276
--- /dev/null
+++ b/grub-core/tests/appended_signature_test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+/*
+ * GRUB -- GRand Unified Bootloader
+ * Copyright (C) 2020, 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ * Copyright (C) 2020, 2022, 2025 IBM Corporation
+ *
+ * GRUB is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * GRUB is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with GRUB. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+#include <grub/time.h>
+#include <grub/misc.h>
+#include <grub/dl.h>
+#include <grub/command.h>
+#include <grub/env.h>
+#include <grub/test.h>
+#include <grub/mm.h>
+#include <grub/procfs.h>
+#include <grub/file.h>
+
+#include "appended_signatures.h"
+
+GRUB_MOD_LICENSE ("GPLv3+");
+
+#define PROC_FILE(identifier, file_name) \
+ static char *get_##identifier (grub_size_t *sz) \
+ { \
+ char *ret; \
+ \
+ *sz = identifier##_len; \
+ ret = grub_malloc (*sz); \
+ if (ret != NULL) \
+ grub_memcpy (ret, identifier, *sz); \
+ return ret; \
+ } \
+ \
+ static struct grub_procfs_entry identifier##_entry = { .name = file_name, \
+ .get_contents = get_##identifier };
+
+#define DEFINE_TEST_CASE(case_name) PROC_FILE (case_name, #case_name)
+
+#define DO_TEST(case_name, is_valid) \
+ { \
+ grub_procfs_register (#case_name, &case_name##_entry); \
+ do_verify ("(proc)/" #case_name, is_valid); \
+ grub_procfs_unregister (&case_name##_entry); \
+ }
+
+DEFINE_TEST_CASE (hi_signed);
+DEFINE_TEST_CASE (hi_signed_sha256);
+DEFINE_TEST_CASE (hj_signed);
+DEFINE_TEST_CASE (short_msg);
+DEFINE_TEST_CASE (unsigned_msg);
+DEFINE_TEST_CASE (hi_signed_2nd);
+DEFINE_TEST_CASE (hi_double);
+DEFINE_TEST_CASE (hi_double_extended);
+
+PROC_FILE (certificate_der, "certificate.der")
+PROC_FILE (certificate2_der, "certificate2.der")
+PROC_FILE (certificate_printable_der, "certificate_printable.der")
+PROC_FILE (certificate_eku_der, "certificate_eku.der")
+
+static void
+do_verify (const char *f, int is_valid)
+{
+ grub_command_t cmd;
+ char *args[] = { (char *) f, NULL };
+ grub_err_t err;
+
+ cmd = grub_command_find ("append_verify");
+ if (cmd == NULL)
+ {
+ grub_test_assert (0, "can't find command `%s'", "append_verify");
+ return;
+ }
+
+ err = (cmd->func) (cmd, 1, args);
+ if (is_valid)
+ {
+ grub_test_assert (err == GRUB_ERR_NONE, "verification of %s failed: %d: %s",
+ f, grub_errno, grub_errmsg);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ grub_test_assert (err == GRUB_ERR_BAD_SIGNATURE,
+ "verification of %s unexpectedly succeeded", f);
+ }
+}
+
+static void
+appended_signature_test (void)
+{
+ grub_command_t cmd_trust, cmd_distrust;
+ char *trust_args[] = { (char *) "(proc)/certificate.der", NULL };
+ char *trust_args2[] = { (char *) "(proc)/certificate2.der", NULL };
+ char *trust_args_printable[] = { (char *) "(proc)/certificate_printable.der", NULL };
+ char *trust_args_eku[] = { (char *) "(proc)/certificate_eku.der", NULL };
+ char *distrust_args[] = { (char *) "1", NULL };
+ char *distrust2_args[] = { (char *) "2", NULL };
+ grub_err_t err;
+
+ grub_procfs_register ("certificate.der", &certificate_der_entry);
+ grub_procfs_register ("certificate2.der", &certificate2_der_entry);
+ grub_procfs_register ("certificate_printable.der", &certificate_printable_der_entry);
+ grub_procfs_register ("certificate_eku.der", &certificate_eku_der_entry);
+
+ cmd_trust = grub_command_find ("append_add_db_cert");
+ if (cmd_trust == NULL)
+ {
+ grub_test_assert (0, "can't find command `%s'", "append_add_db_cert");
+ return;
+ }
+
+ grub_errno = GRUB_ERR_NONE;
+ err = (cmd_trust->func) (cmd_trust, 1, trust_args);
+
+ grub_test_assert (err == GRUB_ERR_NONE, "loading certificate failed: %d: %s",
+ grub_errno, grub_errmsg);
+ /* If we have no certificate the remainder of the tests are meaningless. */
+ if (err != GRUB_ERR_NONE)
+ return;
+
+ /*
+ * Reload the command: this works around some 'interesting' behaviour in the
+ * dynamic command dispatcher. The first time you call cmd->func you get a
+ * dispatcher that loads the module, finds the real cmd, calls it, and then
+ * releases some internal storage. This means it's not safe to call a second
+ * time and we need to reload it.
+ */
+ cmd_trust = grub_command_find ("append_add_db_cert");
+
+ /* The hi, signed with key 1, SHA-512. */
+ DO_TEST (hi_signed, 1);
+
+ /* The hi, signed with key 1, SHA-256. */
+ DO_TEST (hi_signed_sha256, 1);
+
+ /* The hi, key 1, SHA-512, second byte corrupted. */
+ DO_TEST (hj_signed, 0);
+
+ /* Message too short for a signature. */
+ DO_TEST (short_msg, 0);
+
+ /* Lorem ipsum. */
+ DO_TEST (unsigned_msg, 0);
+
+ /* The hi, signed with both keys, SHA-512. */
+ DO_TEST (hi_double, 1);
+
+ /*
+ * The hi, signed with both keys and with empty space to test we haven't broken
+ * support for adding more signatures after the fact.
+ */
+ DO_TEST (hi_double_extended, 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In enforcing mode, we shouldn't be able to load a certificate that isn't
+ * signed by an existing trusted key.
+ *
+ * However, procfs files automatically skip the verification test, so we can't
+ * easily test this.
+ */
+
+ /* Verify that testing with 2 trusted certs works. */
+ DO_TEST (hi_signed_2nd, 0);
+
+ err = (cmd_trust->func) (cmd_trust, 1, trust_args2);
+ grub_test_assert (err == GRUB_ERR_NONE, "loading certificate 2 failed: %d: %s",
+ grub_errno, grub_errmsg);
+ if (err != GRUB_ERR_NONE)
+ return;
+
+ DO_TEST (hi_signed_2nd, 1);
+ DO_TEST (hi_signed, 1);
+ DO_TEST (hi_double, 1);
+ DO_TEST (hi_double_extended, 1);
+
+ /*
+ * Check certificate removal. They're added to the _top_ of the db list and
+ * removed by position in the list. Current the list looks like [#2, #1].
+ *
+ * First test removing the second certificate in the db list, which is
+ * certificate #1, giving us just [#2].
+ */
+ cmd_distrust = grub_command_find ("append_rm_dbx_cert");
+ if (cmd_distrust == NULL)
+ {
+ grub_test_assert (0, "can't find command `%s'", "append_rm_dbx_cert");
+ return;
+ }
+
+ err = (cmd_distrust->func) (cmd_distrust, 1, distrust2_args);
+ grub_test_assert (err == GRUB_ERR_NONE, "distrusting certificate 1 failed: %d: %s",
+ grub_errno, grub_errmsg);
+ DO_TEST (hi_signed_2nd, 1);
+ DO_TEST (hi_signed, 0);
+ DO_TEST (hi_double, 1);
+
+ /* Now reload certificate #1. This will make the list look like [#1, #2]. */
+ err = (cmd_trust->func) (cmd_trust, 1, trust_args);
+ grub_test_assert (err == GRUB_ERR_NONE, "reloading certificate 1 failed: %d: %s",
+ grub_errno, grub_errmsg);
+ DO_TEST (hi_signed, 1);
+
+ /* Remove the first certificate in the db list, giving us just [#2]. */
+ err = (cmd_distrust->func) (cmd_distrust, 1, distrust_args);
+ grub_test_assert (err == GRUB_ERR_NONE, "distrusting certificate 1 (first time) failed: %d: %s",
+ grub_errno, grub_errmsg);
+ DO_TEST (hi_signed_2nd, 1);
+ DO_TEST (hi_signed, 0);
+
+ /*
+ * Remove the first certificate again, giving an empty db list.
+ * append_verify should fail if there are no certificates to verify against.
+ */
+ err = (cmd_distrust->func) (cmd_distrust, 1, distrust_args);
+ grub_test_assert (err == GRUB_ERR_NONE, "distrusting certificate 1 (second time) failed: %d: %s",
+ grub_errno, grub_errmsg);
+ DO_TEST (hi_signed_2nd, 0);
+ DO_TEST (hi_double, 0);
+
+ /*
+ * Lastly, check a certificate that uses printableString rather than
+ * utf8String loads properly, and that a certificate with an appropriate
+ * extended key usage loads.
+ */
+ err = (cmd_trust->func) (cmd_trust, 1, trust_args_printable);
+ grub_test_assert (err == GRUB_ERR_NONE, "trusting printable certificate failed: %d: %s",
+ grub_errno, grub_errmsg);
+
+ err = (cmd_trust->func) (cmd_trust, 1, trust_args_eku);
+ grub_test_assert (err == GRUB_ERR_NONE, "trusting certificate with extended key usage failed: %d: %s",
+ grub_errno, grub_errmsg);
+
+ grub_procfs_unregister (&certificate_der_entry);
+ grub_procfs_unregister (&certificate2_der_entry);
+ grub_procfs_unregister (&certificate_printable_der_entry);
+ grub_procfs_unregister (&certificate_eku_der_entry);
+}
+
+GRUB_FUNCTIONAL_TEST (appended_signature_test, appended_signature_test);
diff --git a/grub-core/tests/appended_signatures.h b/grub-core/tests/appended_signatures.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c6aa12d86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/grub-core/tests/appended_signatures.h
@@ -0,0 +1,975 @@
+unsigned char certificate_der[] = {
+ 0x30, 0x82, 0x05, 0x5d, 0x30, 0x82, 0x03, 0x45, 0xa0, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01,
+ 0x02, 0x02, 0x14, 0x5b, 0x5e, 0x59, 0xf2, 0x5f, 0x75, 0x4c, 0x8e, 0xc5,
+ 0x3a, 0x91, 0x07, 0xe9, 0xe7, 0x6d, 0x3c, 0xd0, 0x7f, 0x92, 0x03, 0x30,
+ 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x0b,
+ 0x05, 0x00, 0x30, 0x3d, 0x31, 0x3b, 0x30, 0x39, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04,
+ 0x03, 0x0c, 0x32, 0x47, 0x72, 0x75, 0x62, 0x20, 0x41, 0x70, 0x70, 0x65,
+ 0x6e, 0x64, 0x65, 0x64, 0x20, 0x53, 0x69, 0x67, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x74, 0x75,
+ 0x72, 0x65, 0x20, 0x54, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x20, 0x43, 0x65, 0x72, 0x74,
+ 0x69, 0x66, 0x69, 0x63, 0x61, 0x74, 0x65, 0x20, 0x41, 0x75, 0x74, 0x68,
+ 0x6f, 0x72, 0x69, 0x74, 0x79, 0x30, 0x20, 0x17, 0x0d, 0x32, 0x31, 0x30,
+ 0x36, 0x32, 0x39, 0x30, 0x38, 0x33, 0x36, 0x31, 0x33, 0x5a, 0x18, 0x0f,
+ 0x32, 0x31, 0x32, 0x31, 0x30, 0x36, 0x30, 0x35, 0x30, 0x38, 0x33, 0x36,
+ 0x31, 0x33, 0x5a, 0x30, 0x33, 0x31, 0x31, 0x30, 0x2f, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55,
+ 0x04, 0x03, 0x0c, 0x28, 0x47, 0x72, 0x75, 0x62, 0x20, 0x41, 0x70, 0x70,
+ 0x65, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x65, 0x64, 0x20, 0x53, 0x69, 0x67, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x74,
+ 0x75, 0x72, 0x65, 0x20, 0x54, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x20, 0x53, 0x69, 0x67,
+ 0x6e, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x20, 0x4b, 0x65, 0x79, 0x30, 0x82, 0x02, 0x22,
+ 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01,
+ 0x01, 0x05, 0x00, 0x03, 0x82, 0x02, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x30, 0x82, 0x02, 0x0a,
+ 0x02, 0x82, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00, 0xb9, 0x09, 0xb2, 0xf6, 0x24, 0x34, 0xdc,
+ 0x62, 0xe6, 0x4e, 0xee, 0x04, 0xdb, 0x29, 0xdc, 0x94, 0xcc, 0xee, 0x8a,
+ 0x5b, 0xc3, 0x9e, 0x06, 0xba, 0xa7, 0x9b, 0xa4, 0x5f, 0x15, 0x59, 0x8e,
+ 0xb8, 0x6e, 0x3c, 0xeb, 0x2e, 0xf2, 0xac, 0x21, 0x42, 0xbd, 0x30, 0xa1,
+ 0x39, 0xe5, 0xb9, 0x4f, 0xa0, 0x53, 0xd5, 0x42, 0xdc, 0x8a, 0x87, 0x30,
+ 0x38, 0x93, 0x44, 0x80, 0x3b, 0x1a, 0x7e, 0x9e, 0x8e, 0x3e, 0xea, 0x45,
+ 0xa0, 0x11, 0x8b, 0xfb, 0x78, 0xe4, 0xbc, 0x65, 0x6b, 0x73, 0xea, 0x6e,
+ 0xdf, 0x7c, 0x5b, 0x63, 0x7e, 0x5b, 0x0a, 0x1c, 0xe6, 0x76, 0x19, 0xb5,
+ 0x01, 0xde, 0xf6, 0x65, 0x51, 0x30, 0x0a, 0x56, 0x69, 0x69, 0xe8, 0x20,
+ 0xf9, 0x13, 0xf1, 0xbf, 0x6f, 0xdd, 0xce, 0x94, 0x96, 0x6e, 0x63, 0xd6,
+ 0xfa, 0xa4, 0x91, 0x5f, 0xb3, 0x9c, 0xc7, 0xfa, 0xa9, 0xff, 0x66, 0x5f,
+ 0xf3, 0xab, 0x5e, 0xdf, 0x4e, 0xca, 0x11, 0xcf, 0xbf, 0xf8, 0xad, 0x65,
+ 0xb1, 0x49, 0x8b, 0xe9, 0x2a, 0xad, 0x7d, 0xf3, 0x0b, 0xfa, 0x5b, 0x6a,
+ 0x6a, 0x20, 0x12, 0x77, 0xef, 0x4b, 0xb6, 0xbe, 0x92, 0xba, 0x14, 0x9c,
+ 0x5e, 0xea, 0xdc, 0x56, 0x6d, 0x92, 0xd3, 0x64, 0x22, 0xf6, 0x12, 0xe8,
+ 0x7d, 0x5e, 0x9c, 0xd6, 0xf9, 0x75, 0x68, 0x7f, 0x8f, 0xd3, 0x6e, 0x05,
+ 0x94, 0x91, 0x4f, 0xa1, 0xd6, 0x50, 0x72, 0x3b, 0x11, 0x1f, 0x28, 0x13,
+ 0xe8, 0x25, 0x6b, 0xdf, 0xff, 0x72, 0x46, 0x25, 0xe9, 0x05, 0x6f, 0x02,
+ 0xc7, 0x1e, 0xc9, 0xcf, 0x99, 0xe9, 0xa7, 0xe2, 0xae, 0xbc, 0xc1, 0x22,
+ 0x32, 0x73, 0x2d, 0xa3, 0x70, 0x8f, 0xa7, 0x8d, 0xbf, 0x5f, 0x74, 0x05,
+ 0x1b, 0x5e, 0xfe, 0x97, 0x3c, 0xe7, 0x3b, 0x86, 0x0d, 0xf6, 0x38, 0xdb,
+ 0xd2, 0x39, 0x47, 0x82, 0x00, 0x44, 0x6c, 0x7b, 0x40, 0x24, 0x0b, 0x3a,
+ 0xd4, 0x19, 0x31, 0xba, 0x4e, 0x8e, 0xa3, 0x33, 0xa6, 0x78, 0xef, 0x72,
+ 0x9f, 0x06, 0x37, 0x01, 0x9b, 0x79, 0x0d, 0x04, 0xbf, 0xba, 0xd5, 0x1f,
+ 0x27, 0xdc, 0x85, 0xbb, 0xef, 0xd2, 0x60, 0xda, 0xa0, 0x3f, 0x66, 0xce,
+ 0x9f, 0xa2, 0x7e, 0xa8, 0x8d, 0xee, 0x14, 0x4b, 0xcb, 0x93, 0xf1, 0x38,
+ 0xac, 0x4f, 0xd8, 0x29, 0xf3, 0x6f, 0xd4, 0xfd, 0x4d, 0x34, 0x77, 0x58,
+ 0x99, 0xdb, 0x16, 0xc1, 0xd0, 0xc7, 0x43, 0x41, 0x70, 0xc4, 0xad, 0x01,
+ 0x29, 0x65, 0x22, 0x43, 0x00, 0x6f, 0xb3, 0x00, 0x27, 0x38, 0xc1, 0x4f,
+ 0xda, 0x28, 0x96, 0x42, 0xdc, 0xbc, 0x3e, 0x34, 0x8e, 0x14, 0xb8, 0xf3,
+ 0x86, 0x4a, 0xea, 0x16, 0x90, 0xf9, 0x0e, 0x9e, 0x8f, 0x66, 0x0c, 0xbf,
+ 0x29, 0xd3, 0x8f, 0xfc, 0x4d, 0x38, 0x68, 0xe2, 0xe7, 0x64, 0x32, 0x47,
+ 0xdd, 0x56, 0xc9, 0xe4, 0x47, 0x9f, 0x18, 0x89, 0xfc, 0x30, 0x7a, 0xae,
+ 0x63, 0xe4, 0xec, 0x93, 0x04, 0xd4, 0x61, 0xe7, 0xbf, 0x0a, 0x06, 0x29,
+ 0xc2, 0xa6, 0xd5, 0x53, 0x5d, 0x65, 0x6d, 0x4a, 0xd0, 0xb7, 0x68, 0x4d,
+ 0x46, 0x0a, 0xb5, 0xff, 0x52, 0x5e, 0x92, 0x7e, 0x75, 0x08, 0xa4, 0x63,
+ 0x0a, 0x6c, 0x31, 0x7a, 0xaa, 0x0c, 0x52, 0xf4, 0x2e, 0xcd, 0x08, 0xeb,
+ 0xb3, 0xbd, 0xad, 0x8b, 0x8b, 0x9b, 0x8d, 0x71, 0x42, 0x30, 0x8e, 0xc7,
+ 0xfd, 0xec, 0xb7, 0xe6, 0x26, 0x96, 0xf2, 0x74, 0x1b, 0x78, 0x95, 0x22,
+ 0x14, 0xf3, 0xc9, 0xd3, 0x79, 0x11, 0xd9, 0xb7, 0x4d, 0x0d, 0x61, 0x60,
+ 0x5c, 0x47, 0x50, 0xf3, 0xca, 0x84, 0x4c, 0x5c, 0x30, 0x2c, 0x6a, 0x18,
+ 0x26, 0xb0, 0xf3, 0xd1, 0x15, 0x19, 0x39, 0xc3, 0x23, 0x13, 0x0f, 0x9c,
+ 0x97, 0x2b, 0x97, 0x93, 0xf9, 0xf8, 0x18, 0x9b, 0x4a, 0x4d, 0xd6, 0xd3,
+ 0xf5, 0x02, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0xa3, 0x5d, 0x30, 0x5b, 0x30, 0x0c,
+ 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x13, 0x01, 0x01, 0xff, 0x04, 0x02, 0x30, 0x00,
+ 0x30, 0x0b, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x0f, 0x04, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x07,
+ 0x80, 0x30, 0x1d, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x0e, 0x04, 0x16, 0x04, 0x14,
+ 0x8f, 0xba, 0x8b, 0xf5, 0xf4, 0x77, 0xb2, 0xa4, 0x19, 0xef, 0x43, 0xb1,
+ 0x8b, 0x03, 0x4b, 0x45, 0x47, 0xb5, 0x2a, 0x48, 0x30, 0x1f, 0x06, 0x03,
+ 0x55, 0x1d, 0x23, 0x04, 0x18, 0x30, 0x16, 0x80, 0x14, 0x59, 0x1c, 0xb5,
+ 0x52, 0x62, 0x83, 0x05, 0x3b, 0x41, 0x4c, 0x63, 0x4d, 0x5b, 0xf4, 0x8c,
+ 0xe6, 0xd7, 0xda, 0x87, 0x54, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48,
+ 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x0b, 0x05, 0x00, 0x03, 0x82, 0x02, 0x01,
+ 0x00, 0x36, 0x2d, 0x0a, 0xcb, 0x49, 0x54, 0x75, 0xd7, 0xca, 0x21, 0x86,
+ 0xae, 0x40, 0x0f, 0x63, 0x10, 0x35, 0xfd, 0xbc, 0xba, 0x28, 0x31, 0x33,
+ 0x07, 0x08, 0x64, 0x03, 0x6c, 0xd3, 0xd5, 0xf7, 0xb7, 0x79, 0x11, 0x0c,
+ 0xa8, 0x9e, 0xfd, 0x34, 0xa2, 0xba, 0x77, 0x15, 0x15, 0x2d, 0x2c, 0x96,
+ 0xae, 0x47, 0xbb, 0x82, 0x89, 0x09, 0x7f, 0xd1, 0x95, 0x69, 0x9b, 0xfe,
+ 0xd7, 0x6f, 0x4e, 0x68, 0xf6, 0xe7, 0x5f, 0x54, 0xa1, 0x3a, 0xeb, 0xa4,
+ 0xbf, 0x7a, 0xb6, 0x7f, 0xaa, 0xd8, 0xd7, 0x99, 0xcb, 0xae, 0x88, 0x6d,
+ 0x7a, 0xf3, 0xfa, 0x9e, 0x44, 0x2f, 0x30, 0xa8, 0xe6, 0xb9, 0x75, 0xa0,
+ 0x82, 0xd6, 0xb0, 0xe3, 0x03, 0xb3, 0x12, 0xa3, 0xdc, 0xb9, 0x4d, 0x93,
+ 0xd4, 0x30, 0xea, 0xce, 0x96, 0x92, 0x07, 0xf8, 0xba, 0xe4, 0x0f, 0x41,
+ 0xe3, 0x04, 0xaa, 0x8c, 0x07, 0x1a, 0x34, 0x60, 0xfc, 0xc0, 0x05, 0xd2,
+ 0x5a, 0xa8, 0x66, 0xef, 0xe0, 0x94, 0xc5, 0x2f, 0x0f, 0xff, 0xdc, 0x70,
+ 0xfb, 0xe2, 0x9d, 0x61, 0x51, 0x25, 0x02, 0xff, 0x4b, 0x69, 0xfd, 0x66,
+ 0xb9, 0xeb, 0x0c, 0xc8, 0x50, 0xd3, 0xb1, 0x08, 0x1e, 0x09, 0x54, 0x87,
+ 0xe8, 0xa3, 0x4b, 0xef, 0x0c, 0x32, 0x0a, 0x6c, 0xec, 0x27, 0x22, 0xba,
+ 0x7f, 0xdc, 0x52, 0x27, 0x31, 0x14, 0x9a, 0xa8, 0xf7, 0xf9, 0xeb, 0xc8,
+ 0xb5, 0x8d, 0x12, 0xed, 0x94, 0xab, 0x3d, 0x9a, 0xfb, 0x4e, 0x04, 0x05,
+ 0xd2, 0x3c, 0x7c, 0x8a, 0xed, 0x46, 0x1b, 0x7c, 0xb5, 0x6c, 0x40, 0xb8,
+ 0xc1, 0xbf, 0xb0, 0xd2, 0x93, 0x8e, 0xa8, 0x0f, 0xde, 0x78, 0xf3, 0x8c,
+ 0xd8, 0x9f, 0xf8, 0xdc, 0xa1, 0x23, 0x20, 0x40, 0x17, 0xb4, 0xdb, 0xb7,
+ 0x09, 0x74, 0xa7, 0x80, 0xc2, 0x12, 0xd9, 0x76, 0x79, 0x5b, 0x71, 0xa9,
+ 0x6c, 0xd4, 0x57, 0x48, 0xe8, 0xfe, 0xc5, 0xc2, 0x6e, 0xe7, 0x83, 0x5a,
+ 0x07, 0xf0, 0x33, 0xc1, 0xc1, 0x1d, 0x34, 0xd4, 0xc8, 0xb0, 0xb7, 0xdb,
+ 0xeb, 0xe9, 0xe3, 0x59, 0xdc, 0x7f, 0x36, 0x58, 0xa9, 0xb8, 0x52, 0xdd,
+ 0xf9, 0xfd, 0x1c, 0x22, 0x2f, 0x93, 0x3d, 0x53, 0x89, 0x80, 0xde, 0xa2,
+ 0xb5, 0xa5, 0x36, 0xbd, 0xc3, 0x92, 0x03, 0xf3, 0x93, 0xc8, 0xc7, 0x4a,
+ 0x0b, 0x8b, 0x62, 0xfe, 0xd0, 0xf8, 0x0d, 0x7a, 0x32, 0xb4, 0x39, 0x1a,
+ 0xb7, 0x4e, 0xaa, 0xc4, 0x33, 0x32, 0x90, 0x8c, 0xab, 0xd4, 0xae, 0xa5,
+ 0xa4, 0x85, 0xcf, 0xba, 0xe1, 0x1b, 0x26, 0x7f, 0x74, 0x02, 0x12, 0x09,
+ 0x89, 0x56, 0xe4, 0xe7, 0x9d, 0x91, 0xde, 0x88, 0xe7, 0x1c, 0xed, 0x80,
+ 0x05, 0xa8, 0x58, 0x9a, 0x3e, 0x16, 0x97, 0xd5, 0xbc, 0x54, 0xcc, 0xf0,
+ 0x32, 0xf2, 0x93, 0x09, 0x94, 0x9f, 0x3c, 0xd9, 0x58, 0xca, 0x68, 0x0b,
+ 0xde, 0x3f, 0x73, 0x64, 0xb7, 0xf4, 0xd7, 0x5f, 0x2b, 0xe7, 0x7b, 0x06,
+ 0xca, 0xb1, 0x3e, 0xed, 0xd2, 0xb9, 0x29, 0xc1, 0x95, 0x87, 0xad, 0xd6,
+ 0x63, 0x69, 0xb8, 0x1f, 0x70, 0xdb, 0xeb, 0xc7, 0x11, 0x7d, 0xe2, 0x99,
+ 0x64, 0x6a, 0xf5, 0x3f, 0x30, 0x74, 0x5f, 0x2a, 0x21, 0xda, 0xef, 0x44,
+ 0x1d, 0xad, 0x97, 0xa1, 0xfe, 0x14, 0xa7, 0x88, 0x99, 0xd0, 0x1e, 0xb0,
+ 0x61, 0x88, 0x09, 0xc9, 0xfa, 0xd1, 0xb3, 0xcb, 0x1d, 0x76, 0x04, 0xbe,
+ 0x06, 0x44, 0xd2, 0x30, 0x5e, 0x95, 0x4b, 0x96, 0xc0, 0xd6, 0xbe, 0xd0,
+ 0x4d, 0xf2, 0xf4, 0x71, 0x72, 0xa9, 0xbd, 0x07, 0x4f, 0xbc, 0xb3, 0x78,
+ 0xb4, 0x8a, 0x44, 0xbd, 0x58, 0xd5, 0x21, 0xb6, 0x47, 0x9c, 0x88, 0x1f,
+ 0xbc, 0xbd, 0x54, 0xfa, 0x1d, 0x49, 0xec, 0x51, 0xd9, 0x43, 0x49, 0x9c,
+ 0x0c, 0xfa, 0x18, 0xdb, 0xeb, 0x05, 0x77, 0xa2, 0x9a
+};
+unsigned int certificate_der_len = 1377;
+
+unsigned char hi_signed[] = {
+ 0x68, 0x69, 0x0a, 0x30, 0x82, 0x02, 0xb4, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48,
+ 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x07, 0x02, 0xa0, 0x82, 0x02, 0xa5, 0x30, 0x82,
+ 0x02, 0xa1, 0x02, 0x01, 0x01, 0x31, 0x0d, 0x30, 0x0b, 0x06, 0x09, 0x60,
+ 0x86, 0x48, 0x01, 0x65, 0x03, 0x04, 0x02, 0x03, 0x30, 0x0b, 0x06, 0x09,
+ 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x07, 0x01, 0x31, 0x82, 0x02,
+ 0x7e, 0x30, 0x82, 0x02, 0x7a, 0x02, 0x01, 0x01, 0x30, 0x55, 0x30, 0x3d,
+ 0x31, 0x3b, 0x30, 0x39, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x03, 0x0c, 0x32, 0x47,
+ 0x72, 0x75, 0x62, 0x20, 0x41, 0x70, 0x70, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x65, 0x64,
+ 0x20, 0x53, 0x69, 0x67, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x74, 0x75, 0x72, 0x65, 0x20, 0x54,
+ 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x20, 0x43, 0x65, 0x72, 0x74, 0x69, 0x66, 0x69, 0x63,
+ 0x61, 0x74, 0x65, 0x20, 0x41, 0x75, 0x74, 0x68, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x69, 0x74,
+ 0x79, 0x02, 0x14, 0x5b, 0x5e, 0x59, 0xf2, 0x5f, 0x75, 0x4c, 0x8e, 0xc5,
+ 0x3a, 0x91, 0x07, 0xe9, 0xe7, 0x6d, 0x3c, 0xd0, 0x7f, 0x92, 0x03, 0x30,
+ 0x0b, 0x06, 0x09, 0x60, 0x86, 0x48, 0x01, 0x65, 0x03, 0x04, 0x02, 0x03,
+ 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01,
+ 0x01, 0x05, 0x00, 0x04, 0x82, 0x02, 0x00, 0xa0, 0x83, 0x3f, 0xac, 0x77,
+ 0x97, 0x74, 0x9b, 0x4b, 0x25, 0xa1, 0x64, 0x09, 0x8d, 0x53, 0xa6, 0x03,
+ 0xdf, 0x9a, 0x10, 0x52, 0xe5, 0x3f, 0xd4, 0x72, 0x75, 0x30, 0xd4, 0x6e,
+ 0x77, 0x32, 0x49, 0x84, 0xe2, 0xbe, 0xef, 0xe4, 0xf3, 0xac, 0xb0, 0x52,
+ 0x55, 0xbf, 0xa9, 0x57, 0x12, 0x08, 0x7d, 0xb0, 0x86, 0xc0, 0x9d, 0x01,
+ 0xc2, 0x1a, 0x4a, 0x2e, 0x3d, 0xd5, 0xc8, 0x56, 0xac, 0xd1, 0x83, 0x75,
+ 0x88, 0xd4, 0xcc, 0x9f, 0x0d, 0xcf, 0xd3, 0xa6, 0x91, 0xb6, 0xb6, 0xb1,
+ 0xd1, 0x24, 0x9c, 0xd0, 0x13, 0xe8, 0x6b, 0x15, 0x9c, 0x62, 0x33, 0x8d,
+ 0xe3, 0x67, 0x9b, 0xb1, 0x8a, 0x72, 0x38, 0xf7, 0x48, 0x32, 0x2f, 0x1e,
+ 0x45, 0xa8, 0xc4, 0xa5, 0xae, 0xb1, 0xfc, 0x35, 0x25, 0xb5, 0xf9, 0x7f,
+ 0x86, 0xef, 0xa2, 0x6d, 0x78, 0xcc, 0xfd, 0x0c, 0xca, 0x8a, 0xe1, 0xae,
+ 0xcd, 0x0f, 0x58, 0x69, 0xf1, 0x8b, 0xcc, 0x22, 0x35, 0x6d, 0x1f, 0xd5,
+ 0x27, 0x87, 0x39, 0x62, 0x3f, 0xb2, 0x17, 0x3d, 0x5e, 0xb1, 0x32, 0x7a,
+ 0xf1, 0x70, 0xce, 0xfa, 0xab, 0x1c, 0x92, 0xa8, 0xe1, 0xc4, 0xb2, 0x33,
+ 0x1a, 0x16, 0xf3, 0x60, 0x39, 0xdf, 0xb8, 0x85, 0xe7, 0x5d, 0x4d, 0xc2,
+ 0x8d, 0x55, 0x00, 0x49, 0x94, 0x04, 0x17, 0x88, 0x7c, 0xf4, 0xac, 0xa9,
+ 0xc5, 0x3a, 0x09, 0xc4, 0xc2, 0xcd, 0x3d, 0xc3, 0xfc, 0x4e, 0xf3, 0x70,
+ 0xa1, 0xc1, 0x54, 0x36, 0x1f, 0x38, 0x6d, 0x7a, 0x6b, 0x6a, 0xd3, 0x67,
+ 0x04, 0xd5, 0x53, 0xd4, 0xa5, 0xad, 0x63, 0x55, 0x0e, 0x06, 0x06, 0x3a,
+ 0x9a, 0xc5, 0xfe, 0x38, 0xc9, 0xb0, 0x69, 0x42, 0x90, 0x35, 0x1f, 0xe3,
+ 0x1c, 0x57, 0xea, 0xdb, 0x51, 0x35, 0x53, 0xd3, 0x94, 0xfe, 0x72, 0x33,
+ 0xd6, 0x8a, 0x46, 0x74, 0xf9, 0x6e, 0x94, 0x40, 0x2f, 0xba, 0xa2, 0xc4,
+ 0xe9, 0xc9, 0x8a, 0xf4, 0xda, 0xe2, 0xca, 0x3e, 0x98, 0x85, 0xa5, 0xd1,
+ 0x60, 0x94, 0xc8, 0xdf, 0x82, 0xee, 0x5c, 0x0d, 0x2a, 0xa9, 0x8e, 0x26,
+ 0x83, 0x3f, 0x02, 0xa2, 0xaf, 0xb8, 0x3b, 0x83, 0xf2, 0x44, 0x46, 0x41,
+ 0xd7, 0x5c, 0xa1, 0x42, 0x17, 0xa2, 0xd0, 0x50, 0x42, 0xef, 0x66, 0xda,
+ 0x35, 0x03, 0xd1, 0x8e, 0x77, 0x22, 0x7d, 0x4e, 0xf7, 0x4e, 0x04, 0xe3,
+ 0x0f, 0x98, 0x7d, 0xaa, 0x58, 0xba, 0xef, 0x9a, 0xd0, 0x88, 0x7c, 0x98,
+ 0xa0, 0xc2, 0xff, 0xa6, 0xb1, 0xec, 0xbe, 0x6e, 0xb0, 0x7e, 0xc6, 0xe5,
+ 0xaa, 0xcf, 0x10, 0x73, 0xc9, 0x13, 0x1a, 0x20, 0x12, 0x5c, 0xd2, 0x0e,
+ 0xe2, 0x60, 0x17, 0xdf, 0x4a, 0x44, 0x08, 0x22, 0xbc, 0xcd, 0x75, 0xbe,
+ 0xc3, 0x7a, 0x12, 0x90, 0x90, 0xc7, 0x94, 0x4c, 0x98, 0x45, 0x02, 0x5c,
+ 0x24, 0xae, 0x82, 0x2f, 0xcd, 0x30, 0xa6, 0xf5, 0x3f, 0xd3, 0xa7, 0xa6,
+ 0xe6, 0xea, 0x11, 0x4e, 0x45, 0xb7, 0xc0, 0xe6, 0x24, 0x8b, 0x76, 0xc5,
+ 0x5e, 0xc1, 0xd8, 0x07, 0x1e, 0x26, 0x94, 0x7a, 0x80, 0xc6, 0x3b, 0x1f,
+ 0x74, 0xe6, 0xae, 0x43, 0x2d, 0x11, 0xee, 0x96, 0x56, 0x6c, 0xff, 0xcb,
+ 0x3b, 0xde, 0xcc, 0xb3, 0x7b, 0x08, 0xf5, 0x3e, 0x6e, 0x51, 0x71, 0xe0,
+ 0x8a, 0xfa, 0xdd, 0x19, 0x39, 0xcf, 0x3f, 0x29, 0x4f, 0x2d, 0xd2, 0xd4,
+ 0xdc, 0x5c, 0xc4, 0xd1, 0xa7, 0xf5, 0xbf, 0x4a, 0xc0, 0x9b, 0xb4, 0x2b,
+ 0x83, 0x7a, 0x63, 0x4d, 0x20, 0x40, 0x8b, 0x11, 0x5c, 0x53, 0xd4, 0x52,
+ 0x21, 0xe7, 0xe4, 0x1f, 0x01, 0xf6, 0xd1, 0x25, 0x28, 0xba, 0x51, 0x6f,
+ 0x51, 0x69, 0xf4, 0x41, 0x45, 0x75, 0x23, 0x25, 0x77, 0xef, 0xa8, 0x1c,
+ 0x19, 0x8a, 0x66, 0x8c, 0x61, 0x13, 0x37, 0x4f, 0xa3, 0xa1, 0x83, 0x17,
+ 0x35, 0x23, 0x2d, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+ 0x00, 0x02, 0xb8, 0x7e, 0x4d, 0x6f, 0x64, 0x75, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x20, 0x73,
+ 0x69, 0x67, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x74, 0x75, 0x72, 0x65, 0x20, 0x61, 0x70, 0x70,
+ 0x65, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x65, 0x64, 0x7e, 0x0a
+};
+unsigned int hi_signed_len = 739;
+
+unsigned char hj_signed[] = {
+ 0x68, 0x6a, 0x0a, 0x30, 0x82, 0x02, 0xb4, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48,
+ 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x07, 0x02, 0xa0, 0x82, 0x02, 0xa5, 0x30, 0x82,
+ 0x02, 0xa1, 0x02, 0x01, 0x01, 0x31, 0x0d, 0x30, 0x0b, 0x06, 0x09, 0x60,
+ 0x86, 0x48, 0x01, 0x65, 0x03, 0x04, 0x02, 0x03, 0x30, 0x0b, 0x06, 0x09,
+ 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x07, 0x01, 0x31, 0x82, 0x02,
+ 0x7e, 0x30, 0x82, 0x02, 0x7a, 0x02, 0x01, 0x01, 0x30, 0x55, 0x30, 0x3d,
+ 0x31, 0x3b, 0x30, 0x39, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x03, 0x0c, 0x32, 0x47,
+ 0x72, 0x75, 0x62, 0x20, 0x41, 0x70, 0x70, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x65, 0x64,
+ 0x20, 0x53, 0x69, 0x67, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x74, 0x75, 0x72, 0x65, 0x20, 0x54,
+ 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x20, 0x43, 0x65, 0x72, 0x74, 0x69, 0x66, 0x69, 0x63,
+ 0x61, 0x74, 0x65, 0x20, 0x41, 0x75, 0x74, 0x68, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x69, 0x74,
+ 0x79, 0x02, 0x14, 0x5b, 0x5e, 0x59, 0xf2, 0x5f, 0x75, 0x4c, 0x8e, 0xc5,
+ 0x3a, 0x91, 0x07, 0xe9, 0xe7, 0x6d, 0x3c, 0xd0, 0x7f, 0x92, 0x03, 0x30,
+ 0x0b, 0x06, 0x09, 0x60, 0x86, 0x48, 0x01, 0x65, 0x03, 0x04, 0x02, 0x03,
+ 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01,
+ 0x01, 0x05, 0x00, 0x04, 0x82, 0x02, 0x00, 0xa0, 0x83, 0x3f, 0xac, 0x77,
+ 0x97, 0x74, 0x9b, 0x4b, 0x25, 0xa1, 0x64, 0x09, 0x8d, 0x53, 0xa6, 0x03,
+ 0xdf, 0x9a, 0x10, 0x52, 0xe5, 0x3f, 0xd4, 0x72, 0x75, 0x30, 0xd4, 0x6e,
+ 0x77, 0x32, 0x49, 0x84, 0xe2, 0xbe, 0xef, 0xe4, 0xf3, 0xac, 0xb0, 0x52,
+ 0x55, 0xbf, 0xa9, 0x57, 0x12, 0x08, 0x7d, 0xb0, 0x86, 0xc0, 0x9d, 0x01,
+ 0xc2, 0x1a, 0x4a, 0x2e, 0x3d, 0xd5, 0xc8, 0x56, 0xac, 0xd1, 0x83, 0x75,
+ 0x88, 0xd4, 0xcc, 0x9f, 0x0d, 0xcf, 0xd3, 0xa6, 0x91, 0xb6, 0xb6, 0xb1,
+ 0xd1, 0x24, 0x9c, 0xd0, 0x13, 0xe8, 0x6b, 0x15, 0x9c, 0x62, 0x33, 0x8d,
+ 0xe3, 0x67, 0x9b, 0xb1, 0x8a, 0x72, 0x38, 0xf7, 0x48, 0x32, 0x2f, 0x1e,
+ 0x45, 0xa8, 0xc4, 0xa5, 0xae, 0xb1, 0xfc, 0x35, 0x25, 0xb5, 0xf9, 0x7f,
+ 0x86, 0xef, 0xa2, 0x6d, 0x78, 0xcc, 0xfd, 0x0c, 0xca, 0x8a, 0xe1, 0xae,
+ 0xcd, 0x0f, 0x58, 0x69, 0xf1, 0x8b, 0xcc, 0x22, 0x35, 0x6d, 0x1f, 0xd5,
+ 0x27, 0x87, 0x39, 0x62, 0x3f, 0xb2, 0x17, 0x3d, 0x5e, 0xb1, 0x32, 0x7a,
+ 0xf1, 0x70, 0xce, 0xfa, 0xab, 0x1c, 0x92, 0xa8, 0xe1, 0xc4, 0xb2, 0x33,
+ 0x1a, 0x16, 0xf3, 0x60, 0x39, 0xdf, 0xb8, 0x85, 0xe7, 0x5d, 0x4d, 0xc2,
+ 0x8d, 0x55, 0x00, 0x49, 0x94, 0x04, 0x17, 0x88, 0x7c, 0xf4, 0xac, 0xa9,
+ 0xc5, 0x3a, 0x09, 0xc4, 0xc2, 0xcd, 0x3d, 0xc3, 0xfc, 0x4e, 0xf3, 0x70,
+ 0xa1, 0xc1, 0x54, 0x36, 0x1f, 0x38, 0x6d, 0x7a, 0x6b, 0x6a, 0xd3, 0x67,
+ 0x04, 0xd5, 0x53, 0xd4, 0xa5, 0xad, 0x63, 0x55, 0x0e, 0x06, 0x06, 0x3a,
+ 0x9a, 0xc5, 0xfe, 0x38, 0xc9, 0xb0, 0x69, 0x42, 0x90, 0x35, 0x1f, 0xe3,
+ 0x1c, 0x57, 0xea, 0xdb, 0x51, 0x35, 0x53, 0xd3, 0x94, 0xfe, 0x72, 0x33,
+ 0xd6, 0x8a, 0x46, 0x74, 0xf9, 0x6e, 0x94, 0x40, 0x2f, 0xba, 0xa2, 0xc4,
+ 0xe9, 0xc9, 0x8a, 0xf4, 0xda, 0xe2, 0xca, 0x3e, 0x98, 0x85, 0xa5, 0xd1,
+ 0x60, 0x94, 0xc8, 0xdf, 0x82, 0xee, 0x5c, 0x0d, 0x2a, 0xa9, 0x8e, 0x26,
+ 0x83, 0x3f, 0x02, 0xa2, 0xaf, 0xb8, 0x3b, 0x83, 0xf2, 0x44, 0x46, 0x41,
+ 0xd7, 0x5c, 0xa1, 0x42, 0x17, 0xa2, 0xd0, 0x50, 0x42, 0xef, 0x66, 0xda,
+ 0x35, 0x03, 0xd1, 0x8e, 0x77, 0x22, 0x7d, 0x4e, 0xf7, 0x4e, 0x04, 0xe3,
+ 0x0f, 0x98, 0x7d, 0xaa, 0x58, 0xba, 0xef, 0x9a, 0xd0, 0x88, 0x7c, 0x98,
+ 0xa0, 0xc2, 0xff, 0xa6, 0xb1, 0xec, 0xbe, 0x6e, 0xb0, 0x7e, 0xc6, 0xe5,
+ 0xaa, 0xcf, 0x10, 0x73, 0xc9, 0x13, 0x1a, 0x20, 0x12, 0x5c, 0xd2, 0x0e,
+ 0xe2, 0x60, 0x17, 0xdf, 0x4a, 0x44, 0x08, 0x22, 0xbc, 0xcd, 0x75, 0xbe,
+ 0xc3, 0x7a, 0x12, 0x90, 0x90, 0xc7, 0x94, 0x4c, 0x98, 0x45, 0x02, 0x5c,
+ 0x24, 0xae, 0x82, 0x2f, 0xcd, 0x30, 0xa6, 0xf5, 0x3f, 0xd3, 0xa7, 0xa6,
+ 0xe6, 0xea, 0x11, 0x4e, 0x45, 0xb7, 0xc0, 0xe6, 0x24, 0x8b, 0x76, 0xc5,
+ 0x5e, 0xc1, 0xd8, 0x07, 0x1e, 0x26, 0x94, 0x7a, 0x80, 0xc6, 0x3b, 0x1f,
+ 0x74, 0xe6, 0xae, 0x43, 0x2d, 0x11, 0xee, 0x96, 0x56, 0x6c, 0xff, 0xcb,
+ 0x3b, 0xde, 0xcc, 0xb3, 0x7b, 0x08, 0xf5, 0x3e, 0x6e, 0x51, 0x71, 0xe0,
+ 0x8a, 0xfa, 0xdd, 0x19, 0x39, 0xcf, 0x3f, 0x29, 0x4f, 0x2d, 0xd2, 0xd4,
+ 0xdc, 0x5c, 0xc4, 0xd1, 0xa7, 0xf5, 0xbf, 0x4a, 0xc0, 0x9b, 0xb4, 0x2b,
+ 0x83, 0x7a, 0x63, 0x4d, 0x20, 0x40, 0x8b, 0x11, 0x5c, 0x53, 0xd4, 0x52,
+ 0x21, 0xe7, 0xe4, 0x1f, 0x01, 0xf6, 0xd1, 0x25, 0x28, 0xba, 0x51, 0x6f,
+ 0x51, 0x69, 0xf4, 0x41, 0x45, 0x75, 0x23, 0x25, 0x77, 0xef, 0xa8, 0x1c,
+ 0x19, 0x8a, 0x66, 0x8c, 0x61, 0x13, 0x37, 0x4f, 0xa3, 0xa1, 0x83, 0x17,
+ 0x35, 0x23, 0x2d, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+ 0x00, 0x02, 0xb8, 0x7e, 0x4d, 0x6f, 0x64, 0x75, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x20, 0x73,
+ 0x69, 0x67, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x74, 0x75, 0x72, 0x65, 0x20, 0x61, 0x70, 0x70,
+ 0x65, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x65, 0x64, 0x7e, 0x0a
+};
+unsigned int hj_signed_len = 739;
+
+unsigned char hi_signed_sha256[] = {
+ 0x68, 0x69, 0x0a, 0x30, 0x82, 0x02, 0xb4, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48,
+ 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x07, 0x02, 0xa0, 0x82, 0x02, 0xa5, 0x30, 0x82,
+ 0x02, 0xa1, 0x02, 0x01, 0x01, 0x31, 0x0d, 0x30, 0x0b, 0x06, 0x09, 0x60,
+ 0x86, 0x48, 0x01, 0x65, 0x03, 0x04, 0x02, 0x01, 0x30, 0x0b, 0x06, 0x09,
+ 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x07, 0x01, 0x31, 0x82, 0x02,
+ 0x7e, 0x30, 0x82, 0x02, 0x7a, 0x02, 0x01, 0x01, 0x30, 0x55, 0x30, 0x3d,
+ 0x31, 0x3b, 0x30, 0x39, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x03, 0x0c, 0x32, 0x47,
+ 0x72, 0x75, 0x62, 0x20, 0x41, 0x70, 0x70, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x65, 0x64,
+ 0x20, 0x53, 0x69, 0x67, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x74, 0x75, 0x72, 0x65, 0x20, 0x54,
+ 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x20, 0x43, 0x65, 0x72, 0x74, 0x69, 0x66, 0x69, 0x63,
+ 0x61, 0x74, 0x65, 0x20, 0x41, 0x75, 0x74, 0x68, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x69, 0x74,
+ 0x79, 0x02, 0x14, 0x5b, 0x5e, 0x59, 0xf2, 0x5f, 0x75, 0x4c, 0x8e, 0xc5,
+ 0x3a, 0x91, 0x07, 0xe9, 0xe7, 0x6d, 0x3c, 0xd0, 0x7f, 0x92, 0x03, 0x30,
+ 0x0b, 0x06, 0x09, 0x60, 0x86, 0x48, 0x01, 0x65, 0x03, 0x04, 0x02, 0x01,
+ 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01,
+ 0x01, 0x05, 0x00, 0x04, 0x82, 0x02, 0x00, 0x96, 0x02, 0x7b, 0xa4, 0x07,
+ 0xa7, 0x39, 0x8d, 0xa6, 0x0b, 0xde, 0x33, 0xdd, 0xf8, 0xec, 0x24, 0x5d,
+ 0x06, 0x81, 0xe7, 0x3c, 0x2d, 0x0c, 0x53, 0xfb, 0x7e, 0x5a, 0xf3, 0xee,
+ 0xe5, 0x4c, 0x7c, 0xf7, 0xe7, 0x8f, 0x36, 0x62, 0x35, 0xb8, 0x99, 0xc3,
+ 0xeb, 0x85, 0x1d, 0x2e, 0x40, 0x6e, 0x2a, 0xb4, 0x3a, 0x76, 0x48, 0x4f,
+ 0x8b, 0x29, 0xd4, 0x9e, 0x5c, 0xd2, 0x41, 0x4d, 0xc1, 0x72, 0x0f, 0x97,
+ 0xe0, 0x7d, 0x88, 0xed, 0x1a, 0xb0, 0xde, 0x1b, 0x21, 0xa6, 0x0c, 0x19,
+ 0xd8, 0xb0, 0x12, 0x54, 0x7b, 0xd8, 0x19, 0x03, 0xbd, 0x77, 0x83, 0x23,
+ 0xeb, 0xeb, 0x68, 0x0a, 0x7b, 0x3a, 0x4d, 0x25, 0x44, 0xe1, 0x64, 0x8d,
+ 0x43, 0x5a, 0x1c, 0x9f, 0x74, 0x79, 0x31, 0x3f, 0xc7, 0x8e, 0xae, 0xe1,
+ 0xf9, 0x1e, 0x54, 0x12, 0x36, 0x85, 0xf2, 0x55, 0xba, 0x42, 0x60, 0x64,
+ 0x25, 0x9f, 0x73, 0x62, 0x42, 0xd2, 0x1c, 0x5e, 0x39, 0x4f, 0x7d, 0x91,
+ 0xb8, 0xf9, 0x59, 0x3c, 0x13, 0x6b, 0x84, 0x76, 0x6d, 0x8a, 0xc3, 0xcb,
+ 0x2d, 0x14, 0x27, 0x16, 0xdc, 0x20, 0x2c, 0xbc, 0x6b, 0xc9, 0xda, 0x9f,
+ 0xef, 0xe2, 0x2d, 0xc3, 0x83, 0xd8, 0xf9, 0x94, 0x18, 0xbc, 0xfe, 0x8f,
+ 0xa9, 0x44, 0xad, 0xff, 0x1b, 0xcb, 0x86, 0x30, 0x96, 0xa8, 0x3c, 0x7a,
+ 0x4b, 0x73, 0x1b, 0xa9, 0xc3, 0x3b, 0xaa, 0xd7, 0x44, 0xa8, 0x4d, 0xd6,
+ 0x92, 0xb6, 0x00, 0x04, 0x09, 0x05, 0x4a, 0x95, 0x02, 0x90, 0x19, 0x8c,
+ 0x9a, 0xa5, 0xee, 0x58, 0x24, 0xb0, 0xca, 0x5e, 0x6f, 0x73, 0xdb, 0xf5,
+ 0xa1, 0xf4, 0xf0, 0xa9, 0xeb, 0xe4, 0xdc, 0x55, 0x9f, 0x8f, 0x7a, 0xd0,
+ 0xf7, 0xb6, 0xaa, 0xa6, 0xb5, 0xb4, 0xab, 0xb8, 0x65, 0xad, 0x12, 0x32,
+ 0x1c, 0xe6, 0x99, 0x71, 0x93, 0xe8, 0xb4, 0x1e, 0x21, 0x27, 0x52, 0xea,
+ 0x8c, 0xc8, 0x79, 0x96, 0x2e, 0x48, 0x60, 0x57, 0x1c, 0x7d, 0x8c, 0x0d,
+ 0x07, 0xa7, 0x12, 0x83, 0x0a, 0x76, 0x6a, 0x64, 0xed, 0xbe, 0x8d, 0xaf,
+ 0xdf, 0x51, 0x05, 0xdd, 0xf2, 0xd3, 0xb8, 0x93, 0xa9, 0x13, 0xa5, 0x96,
+ 0xe8, 0xfa, 0x82, 0x02, 0x18, 0x71, 0x7a, 0x71, 0xbb, 0x39, 0x6f, 0x85,
+ 0xee, 0x16, 0x82, 0x27, 0x42, 0x9f, 0x83, 0xc8, 0xab, 0x6a, 0x3b, 0x99,
+ 0xba, 0x38, 0x92, 0x38, 0xae, 0x59, 0xfa, 0xaa, 0x40, 0x2b, 0x52, 0x95,
+ 0xca, 0x5e, 0xe1, 0x9b, 0x00, 0xbd, 0xb9, 0x63, 0x25, 0x8d, 0xc7, 0x22,
+ 0xaf, 0xe5, 0x67, 0x76, 0x91, 0xf4, 0xda, 0xc9, 0x7e, 0x9e, 0xec, 0x9b,
+ 0x1f, 0x7d, 0x3b, 0xfe, 0xa1, 0x20, 0x52, 0xac, 0xd0, 0xe5, 0xa6, 0xf1,
+ 0xfd, 0x4c, 0x08, 0x59, 0x7d, 0x50, 0xbb, 0x0c, 0xcf, 0xd8, 0xb6, 0x0f,
+ 0xc7, 0x19, 0xcb, 0x7a, 0x96, 0x6f, 0x0f, 0x6c, 0x71, 0x56, 0x72, 0xd1,
+ 0x06, 0x29, 0x0f, 0x08, 0xa2, 0x46, 0x3e, 0x58, 0x42, 0xc4, 0x8c, 0xe0,
+ 0x6e, 0xe9, 0x37, 0xd5, 0x2f, 0x74, 0x36, 0x1d, 0x14, 0xcb, 0x10, 0x0e,
+ 0x7d, 0x67, 0xbd, 0x38, 0x0e, 0xa4, 0x27, 0x1d, 0x3c, 0x78, 0x4d, 0x0d,
+ 0x15, 0x42, 0x70, 0x20, 0xe0, 0x1d, 0x83, 0x6c, 0x4d, 0xf1, 0x02, 0xa1,
+ 0x51, 0xc4, 0xc5, 0x5d, 0x69, 0x90, 0x58, 0x82, 0x94, 0x50, 0x36, 0x22,
+ 0xb3, 0xa4, 0x15, 0x77, 0xdc, 0x44, 0xb0, 0x50, 0xa2, 0x3f, 0xd0, 0x0e,
+ 0x1b, 0xfc, 0xf4, 0x5b, 0x3b, 0x7d, 0x63, 0x94, 0x22, 0xf3, 0x87, 0x0a,
+ 0x41, 0x8a, 0x27, 0x48, 0xcb, 0x6c, 0xfd, 0x70, 0x66, 0x5f, 0x11, 0x6f,
+ 0x74, 0x2c, 0x42, 0xaf, 0x74, 0x45, 0x3f, 0x0c, 0x03, 0xc8, 0x80, 0xe2,
+ 0x71, 0x08, 0x93, 0xbd, 0x4d, 0x18, 0x78, 0x1e, 0x8e, 0xb9, 0x3a, 0xd6,
+ 0x1a, 0xde, 0xf9, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+ 0x00, 0x02, 0xb8, 0x7e, 0x4d, 0x6f, 0x64, 0x75, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x20, 0x73,
+ 0x69, 0x67, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x74, 0x75, 0x72, 0x65, 0x20, 0x61, 0x70, 0x70,
+ 0x65, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x65, 0x64, 0x7e, 0x0a
+};
+unsigned int hi_signed_sha256_len = 739;
+
+unsigned char short_msg[] = {
+ 0x68, 0x69, 0x0a
+};
+unsigned int short_msg_len = 3;
+
+unsigned char unsigned_msg[] = {
+ 0x53, 0x65, 0x64, 0x20, 0x75, 0x74, 0x20, 0x70, 0x65, 0x72, 0x73, 0x70,
+ 0x69, 0x63, 0x69, 0x61, 0x74, 0x69, 0x73, 0x20, 0x75, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x65,
+ 0x20, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x6e, 0x69, 0x73, 0x20, 0x69, 0x73, 0x74, 0x65, 0x20,
+ 0x6e, 0x61, 0x74, 0x75, 0x73, 0x20, 0x65, 0x72, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x20,
+ 0x73, 0x69, 0x74, 0x20, 0x76, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x75, 0x70, 0x74, 0x61, 0x74,
+ 0x65, 0x6d, 0x20, 0x61, 0x63, 0x63, 0x75, 0x73, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x69,
+ 0x75, 0x6d, 0x20, 0x64, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x65, 0x6d, 0x71, 0x75,
+ 0x65, 0x20, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x75, 0x64, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x69, 0x75, 0x6d,
+ 0x2c, 0x20, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x20, 0x72, 0x65, 0x6d, 0x20,
+ 0x61, 0x70, 0x65, 0x72, 0x69, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x2c, 0x20, 0x65, 0x61, 0x71,
+ 0x75, 0x65, 0x20, 0x69, 0x70, 0x73, 0x61, 0x20, 0x71, 0x75, 0x61, 0x65,
+ 0x20, 0x61, 0x62, 0x20, 0x69, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x20, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x76,
+ 0x65, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x65, 0x20, 0x76, 0x65, 0x72, 0x69, 0x74,
+ 0x61, 0x74, 0x69, 0x73, 0x20, 0x65, 0x74, 0x20, 0x71, 0x75, 0x61, 0x73,
+ 0x69, 0x20, 0x61, 0x72, 0x63, 0x68, 0x69, 0x74, 0x65, 0x63, 0x74, 0x6f,
+ 0x20, 0x62, 0x65, 0x61, 0x74, 0x61, 0x65, 0x20, 0x76, 0x69, 0x74, 0x61,
+ 0x65, 0x20, 0x64, 0x69, 0x63, 0x74, 0x61, 0x20, 0x73, 0x75, 0x6e, 0x74,
+ 0x20, 0x65, 0x78, 0x70, 0x6c, 0x69, 0x63, 0x61, 0x62, 0x6f, 0x2e, 0x20,
+ 0x4e, 0x65, 0x6d, 0x6f, 0x20, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x69, 0x6d, 0x20, 0x69, 0x70,
+ 0x73, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x20, 0x76, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x75, 0x70, 0x74, 0x61, 0x74,
+ 0x65, 0x6d, 0x20, 0x71, 0x75, 0x69, 0x61, 0x20, 0x76, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x75,
+ 0x70, 0x74, 0x61, 0x73, 0x20, 0x73, 0x69, 0x74, 0x20, 0x61, 0x73, 0x70,
+ 0x65, 0x72, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x74, 0x75, 0x72, 0x20, 0x61, 0x75, 0x74, 0x20,
+ 0x6f, 0x64, 0x69, 0x74, 0x20, 0x61, 0x75, 0x74, 0x20, 0x66, 0x75, 0x67,
+ 0x69, 0x74, 0x2c, 0x20, 0x73, 0x65, 0x64, 0x20, 0x71, 0x75, 0x69, 0x61,
+ 0x20, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x65, 0x71, 0x75, 0x75, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x75,
+ 0x72, 0x20, 0x6d, 0x61, 0x67, 0x6e, 0x69, 0x20, 0x64, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x6f,
+ 0x72, 0x65, 0x73, 0x20, 0x65, 0x6f, 0x73, 0x20, 0x71, 0x75, 0x69, 0x20,
+ 0x72, 0x61, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x65, 0x20, 0x76, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x75,
+ 0x70, 0x74, 0x61, 0x74, 0x65, 0x6d, 0x20, 0x73, 0x65, 0x71, 0x75, 0x69,
+ 0x20, 0x6e, 0x65, 0x73, 0x63, 0x69, 0x75, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x2e, 0x20, 0x4e,
+ 0x65, 0x71, 0x75, 0x65, 0x20, 0x70, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x20, 0x71,
+ 0x75, 0x69, 0x73, 0x71, 0x75, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x20, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x2c,
+ 0x20, 0x71, 0x75, 0x69, 0x20, 0x64, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x65, 0x6d,
+ 0x20, 0x69, 0x70, 0x73, 0x75, 0x6d, 0x20, 0x71, 0x75, 0x69, 0x61, 0x20,
+ 0x64, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x20, 0x73, 0x69, 0x74, 0x20, 0x61, 0x6d,
+ 0x65, 0x74, 0x2c, 0x20, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x65, 0x63, 0x74, 0x65,
+ 0x74, 0x75, 0x72, 0x2c, 0x20, 0x61, 0x64, 0x69, 0x70, 0x69, 0x73, 0x63,
+ 0x69, 0x20, 0x76, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x69, 0x74, 0x2c, 0x20, 0x73, 0x65, 0x64,
+ 0x20, 0x71, 0x75, 0x69, 0x61, 0x20, 0x6e, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x20, 0x6e, 0x75,
+ 0x6d, 0x71, 0x75, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x20, 0x65, 0x69, 0x75, 0x73, 0x20, 0x6d,
+ 0x6f, 0x64, 0x69, 0x20, 0x74, 0x65, 0x6d, 0x70, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x61, 0x20,
+ 0x69, 0x6e, 0x63, 0x69, 0x64, 0x75, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x20, 0x75, 0x74, 0x20,
+ 0x6c, 0x61, 0x62, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x65, 0x20, 0x65, 0x74, 0x20, 0x64, 0x6f,
+ 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x65, 0x20, 0x6d, 0x61, 0x67, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x20,
+ 0x61, 0x6c, 0x69, 0x71, 0x75, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x20, 0x71, 0x75, 0x61, 0x65,
+ 0x72, 0x61, 0x74, 0x20, 0x76, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x75, 0x70, 0x74, 0x61, 0x74,
+ 0x65, 0x6d, 0x2e, 0x20, 0x55, 0x74, 0x20, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x69, 0x6d, 0x20,
+ 0x61, 0x64, 0x20, 0x6d, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x69, 0x6d, 0x61, 0x20, 0x76, 0x65,
+ 0x6e, 0x69, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x2c, 0x20, 0x71, 0x75, 0x69, 0x73, 0x20, 0x6e,
+ 0x6f, 0x73, 0x74, 0x72, 0x75, 0x6d, 0x20, 0x65, 0x78, 0x65, 0x72, 0x63,
+ 0x69, 0x74, 0x61, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x65, 0x6d, 0x20, 0x75, 0x6c,
+ 0x6c, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x20, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x70, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x69, 0x73,
+ 0x20, 0x73, 0x75, 0x73, 0x63, 0x69, 0x70, 0x69, 0x74, 0x20, 0x6c, 0x61,
+ 0x62, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x69, 0x6f, 0x73, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x2c, 0x20, 0x6e, 0x69,
+ 0x73, 0x69, 0x20, 0x75, 0x74, 0x20, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x69, 0x71, 0x75, 0x69,
+ 0x64, 0x20, 0x65, 0x78, 0x20, 0x65, 0x61, 0x20, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x6d,
+ 0x6f, 0x64, 0x69, 0x20, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x65, 0x71, 0x75, 0x61,
+ 0x74, 0x75, 0x72, 0x3f, 0x20, 0x51, 0x75, 0x69, 0x73, 0x20, 0x61, 0x75,
+ 0x74, 0x65, 0x6d, 0x20, 0x76, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x20, 0x65, 0x75, 0x6d, 0x20,
+ 0x69, 0x75, 0x72, 0x65, 0x20, 0x72, 0x65, 0x70, 0x72, 0x65, 0x68, 0x65,
+ 0x6e, 0x64, 0x65, 0x72, 0x69, 0x74, 0x20, 0x71, 0x75, 0x69, 0x20, 0x69,
+ 0x6e, 0x20, 0x65, 0x61, 0x20, 0x76, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x75, 0x70, 0x74, 0x61,
+ 0x74, 0x65, 0x20, 0x76, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x69, 0x74, 0x20, 0x65, 0x73, 0x73,
+ 0x65, 0x20, 0x71, 0x75, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x20, 0x6e, 0x69, 0x68, 0x69, 0x6c,
+ 0x20, 0x6d, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x69, 0x61, 0x65, 0x20, 0x63,
+ 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x65, 0x71, 0x75, 0x61, 0x74, 0x75, 0x72, 0x2c, 0x20,
+ 0x76, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x20, 0x69, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x75, 0x6d, 0x20, 0x71, 0x75,
+ 0x69, 0x20, 0x64, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x65, 0x6d, 0x20, 0x65, 0x75,
+ 0x6d, 0x20, 0x66, 0x75, 0x67, 0x69, 0x61, 0x74, 0x20, 0x71, 0x75, 0x6f,
+ 0x20, 0x76, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x75, 0x70, 0x74, 0x61, 0x73, 0x20, 0x6e, 0x75,
+ 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x20, 0x70, 0x61, 0x72, 0x69, 0x61, 0x74, 0x75, 0x72,
+ 0x3f, 0x0a
+};
+unsigned int unsigned_msg_len = 866;
+
+unsigned char certificate2_der[] = {
+ 0x30, 0x82, 0x05, 0x52, 0x30, 0x82, 0x03, 0x3a, 0xa0, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01,
+ 0x02, 0x02, 0x14, 0x5b, 0x5e, 0x59, 0xf2, 0x5f, 0x75, 0x4c, 0x8e, 0xc5,
+ 0x3a, 0x91, 0x07, 0xe9, 0xe7, 0x6d, 0x3c, 0xd0, 0x7f, 0x91, 0xff, 0x30,
+ 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x0b,
+ 0x05, 0x00, 0x30, 0x3a, 0x31, 0x38, 0x30, 0x36, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04,
+ 0x03, 0x0c, 0x2f, 0x47, 0x72, 0x75, 0x62, 0x20, 0x32, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x20,
+ 0x43, 0x65, 0x72, 0x74, 0x69, 0x66, 0x69, 0x63, 0x61, 0x74, 0x65, 0x20,
+ 0x54, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x20, 0x43, 0x65, 0x72, 0x74, 0x69, 0x66, 0x69,
+ 0x63, 0x61, 0x74, 0x65, 0x20, 0x41, 0x75, 0x74, 0x68, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x69,
+ 0x74, 0x79, 0x30, 0x20, 0x17, 0x0d, 0x32, 0x30, 0x30, 0x37, 0x32, 0x38,
+ 0x31, 0x33, 0x32, 0x34, 0x32, 0x39, 0x5a, 0x18, 0x0f, 0x32, 0x31, 0x32,
+ 0x30, 0x30, 0x37, 0x30, 0x34, 0x31, 0x33, 0x32, 0x34, 0x32, 0x39, 0x5a,
+ 0x30, 0x2b, 0x31, 0x29, 0x30, 0x27, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x03, 0x0c,
+ 0x20, 0x47, 0x72, 0x75, 0x62, 0x20, 0x32, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x20, 0x43, 0x65,
+ 0x72, 0x74, 0x69, 0x66, 0x69, 0x63, 0x61, 0x74, 0x65, 0x20, 0x53, 0x69,
+ 0x67, 0x6e, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x20, 0x4b, 0x65, 0x79, 0x30, 0x82, 0x02,
+ 0x22, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01,
+ 0x01, 0x01, 0x05, 0x00, 0x03, 0x82, 0x02, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x30, 0x82, 0x02,
+ 0x0a, 0x02, 0x82, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00, 0xb0, 0x2f, 0x50, 0x01, 0x9c, 0x0e,
+ 0xd6, 0x8c, 0x07, 0xca, 0xc1, 0xcf, 0xbc, 0x03, 0xdd, 0xd3, 0xfa, 0xe3,
+ 0x4f, 0x71, 0xc1, 0x30, 0xaa, 0x09, 0x96, 0xe4, 0xd0, 0x6c, 0x42, 0x93,
+ 0xdb, 0x35, 0xf6, 0x7e, 0x1b, 0x67, 0xc0, 0xc2, 0x2d, 0x5b, 0xec, 0xca,
+ 0x35, 0x06, 0x32, 0x6c, 0x7b, 0x2c, 0xd3, 0x71, 0x2b, 0xe9, 0x7a, 0x19,
+ 0xd1, 0xf2, 0xa0, 0x7f, 0xd7, 0x4d, 0x6e, 0x28, 0xbb, 0xae, 0x49, 0x4a,
+ 0xbc, 0xea, 0x47, 0x67, 0xb8, 0x36, 0xa6, 0xf5, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x20, 0x14,
+ 0x0c, 0x66, 0x67, 0x28, 0xb5, 0x97, 0x8b, 0x1f, 0x5e, 0x32, 0x06, 0x29,
+ 0x9c, 0x99, 0x92, 0x0f, 0x73, 0xac, 0xfd, 0xd2, 0x1d, 0xf2, 0xa8, 0x55,
+ 0x9d, 0x1b, 0xd8, 0x3d, 0xb0, 0x76, 0x9a, 0xb6, 0x6c, 0x9f, 0x62, 0x37,
+ 0x2f, 0xc0, 0xef, 0x44, 0xb3, 0x0d, 0x4a, 0x3e, 0x4f, 0x7d, 0xbd, 0xdb,
+ 0xd8, 0x75, 0x5f, 0x68, 0xe3, 0xf0, 0xec, 0x82, 0x66, 0x7c, 0x31, 0x70,
+ 0xa9, 0xa1, 0x6f, 0x38, 0x9f, 0xdf, 0xf5, 0xf0, 0x7d, 0x23, 0x9d, 0x34,
+ 0xa5, 0x85, 0xd3, 0xdf, 0x68, 0x41, 0xfc, 0x4f, 0x89, 0x45, 0x3c, 0x24,
+ 0x81, 0xa6, 0xf2, 0x3c, 0x02, 0x26, 0x09, 0x48, 0xdd, 0xfe, 0x4b, 0xb6,
+ 0x66, 0xbf, 0x8f, 0xe5, 0x5f, 0xf0, 0x5d, 0x8a, 0x61, 0x2e, 0x5f, 0x9f,
+ 0x80, 0xd9, 0xd5, 0xe6, 0x41, 0xd8, 0x10, 0x5e, 0x7a, 0xc6, 0xdb, 0x89,
+ 0xc7, 0xca, 0x6c, 0x5b, 0xb1, 0x4e, 0x7d, 0x0c, 0x03, 0xfd, 0x50, 0xca,
+ 0xbf, 0xbb, 0xe2, 0x69, 0x4b, 0x4e, 0xc2, 0x3d, 0x75, 0xfa, 0xd1, 0xcc,
+ 0xd6, 0xf9, 0x39, 0xb9, 0xdc, 0x53, 0xad, 0x62, 0xfb, 0x1b, 0x94, 0x26,
+ 0x7f, 0x21, 0x54, 0x5c, 0xb7, 0xdc, 0xe7, 0x96, 0x8c, 0xce, 0x75, 0xe0,
+ 0x17, 0x01, 0x3a, 0x3c, 0x77, 0x6e, 0xa4, 0x8b, 0x7a, 0x83, 0x28, 0x7a,
+ 0xf7, 0xb0, 0x5f, 0xfc, 0x7f, 0x2d, 0x2e, 0xec, 0xf5, 0xeb, 0x9c, 0x63,
+ 0x74, 0xd0, 0xe5, 0xdc, 0x19, 0xe4, 0x71, 0xc5, 0x4a, 0x8a, 0x54, 0xa4,
+ 0xe0, 0x7d, 0x4e, 0xbf, 0x53, 0x30, 0xaf, 0xd0, 0xeb, 0x96, 0xc3, 0xbb,
+ 0x65, 0xf7, 0x67, 0xf5, 0xae, 0xd3, 0x96, 0xf2, 0x63, 0xc8, 0x69, 0xf7,
+ 0x47, 0xcb, 0x27, 0x79, 0xe1, 0xff, 0x2f, 0x68, 0xdf, 0x1e, 0xb3, 0xb8,
+ 0x0c, 0xc5, 0x58, 0x73, 0xcc, 0xfe, 0x8c, 0xda, 0x4e, 0x3b, 0x01, 0x04,
+ 0xcd, 0xcb, 0xb8, 0x3e, 0x06, 0xfd, 0x4c, 0x0a, 0x9f, 0x5e, 0x76, 0x8c,
+ 0x0c, 0x83, 0x75, 0x09, 0x08, 0xb2, 0xdb, 0xf4, 0x49, 0x4e, 0xa0, 0xf2,
+ 0x0c, 0x7b, 0x87, 0x38, 0x9e, 0x22, 0x67, 0xbd, 0xd1, 0x97, 0x57, 0x24,
+ 0xf1, 0x46, 0x07, 0xf9, 0xd2, 0x1b, 0xec, 0x25, 0x5e, 0x67, 0xd9, 0x66,
+ 0x23, 0x1b, 0xd3, 0xe4, 0xaa, 0xec, 0x88, 0xf0, 0x7e, 0x15, 0x83, 0x51,
+ 0x31, 0x67, 0x51, 0x76, 0x5f, 0x55, 0xd7, 0x36, 0xdf, 0x4a, 0x84, 0x0b,
+ 0x6f, 0x5c, 0xbb, 0x5b, 0x8f, 0x37, 0x23, 0x7f, 0xf8, 0x17, 0x84, 0xa2,
+ 0x70, 0x20, 0x07, 0x0c, 0x90, 0x3a, 0x04, 0xfd, 0xf0, 0x08, 0x4a, 0xb1,
+ 0x16, 0x0f, 0xe6, 0xf6, 0x40, 0x51, 0x83, 0xd2, 0x87, 0x40, 0x9c, 0x1c,
+ 0x9f, 0x13, 0x38, 0x17, 0xd3, 0x34, 0x58, 0xad, 0x05, 0x71, 0xa0, 0x73,
+ 0xca, 0x40, 0xa6, 0xa4, 0x81, 0x02, 0xee, 0xa8, 0x72, 0x41, 0xa1, 0x41,
+ 0x18, 0x64, 0x8a, 0x86, 0x8a, 0x5d, 0xe6, 0x4f, 0x0a, 0xc5, 0x95, 0x98,
+ 0xf9, 0x78, 0xfe, 0x19, 0x0d, 0xc9, 0xb3, 0x89, 0xc1, 0x2b, 0x09, 0xbe,
+ 0xf1, 0xd2, 0x04, 0x5d, 0xcc, 0x28, 0xf5, 0x4b, 0xd2, 0x20, 0x4f, 0xc5,
+ 0x41, 0x9d, 0x8c, 0x85, 0xd8, 0xb0, 0x68, 0x5e, 0xc1, 0x0c, 0xb7, 0x24,
+ 0x4d, 0x67, 0x02, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0xa3, 0x5d, 0x30, 0x5b, 0x30,
+ 0x0c, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x13, 0x01, 0x01, 0xff, 0x04, 0x02, 0x30,
+ 0x00, 0x30, 0x0b, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x0f, 0x04, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02,
+ 0x07, 0x80, 0x30, 0x1d, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x0e, 0x04, 0x16, 0x04,
+ 0x14, 0xac, 0xf5, 0x47, 0x17, 0xd9, 0x7d, 0xc1, 0xb1, 0xc4, 0x41, 0xe1,
+ 0x41, 0x60, 0xcb, 0x37, 0x11, 0x60, 0x28, 0x78, 0x5f, 0x30, 0x1f, 0x06,
+ 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x23, 0x04, 0x18, 0x30, 0x16, 0x80, 0x14, 0x21, 0x94,
+ 0xfb, 0xf9, 0xb2, 0x43, 0xe9, 0x33, 0xd7, 0x50, 0x7d, 0xc7, 0x37, 0xdb,
+ 0xd5, 0x82, 0x5a, 0x4e, 0xbe, 0x1b, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86,
+ 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x0b, 0x05, 0x00, 0x03, 0x82, 0x02,
+ 0x01, 0x00, 0x96, 0x70, 0x65, 0x26, 0x42, 0xf8, 0xdc, 0x69, 0xde, 0xcf,
+ 0x41, 0x3a, 0x2e, 0x7f, 0x5b, 0xf1, 0xf9, 0x3b, 0x9b, 0xd2, 0x4e, 0x64,
+ 0x48, 0x81, 0xe4, 0x5d, 0x1e, 0x22, 0xce, 0x68, 0x63, 0x62, 0xe5, 0x1b,
+ 0x9b, 0xf2, 0xc7, 0x12, 0xda, 0x1e, 0x9b, 0x90, 0x84, 0x79, 0x48, 0x12,
+ 0xe6, 0x21, 0x6f, 0x2f, 0x7e, 0x18, 0x77, 0xdb, 0x8c, 0xc4, 0xd1, 0x0d,
+ 0x91, 0xbf, 0x39, 0x22, 0x0f, 0x64, 0xcf, 0x25, 0x2e, 0x8c, 0x1f, 0x91,
+ 0x81, 0xb5, 0xe9, 0x6c, 0x02, 0x3a, 0xf8, 0x07, 0xa2, 0x6f, 0x46, 0x5d,
+ 0x7b, 0xfd, 0x43, 0xff, 0x41, 0x0f, 0xe2, 0x57, 0x1c, 0xbd, 0x48, 0x60,
+ 0x53, 0x11, 0x48, 0x87, 0x88, 0x9d, 0x13, 0x82, 0x40, 0x68, 0x44, 0x2c,
+ 0xc6, 0xc8, 0x95, 0x27, 0x4f, 0xb6, 0xb9, 0x4a, 0x22, 0x0a, 0xfd, 0xe4,
+ 0x46, 0x8f, 0x35, 0x12, 0x98, 0x5a, 0x34, 0x6f, 0x2b, 0x57, 0x62, 0xa1,
+ 0x4d, 0x8d, 0x79, 0x37, 0xe4, 0x6b, 0x8a, 0x32, 0x5b, 0xcb, 0xef, 0x79,
+ 0x11, 0xed, 0xa7, 0xf8, 0x7a, 0x1c, 0xbd, 0x86, 0xdc, 0x0e, 0x2e, 0xfd,
+ 0xd3, 0x51, 0xbb, 0x73, 0xad, 0x00, 0xa0, 0x1b, 0xf9, 0x1d, 0xd1, 0x4a,
+ 0xe4, 0xd4, 0x02, 0x63, 0x2b, 0x39, 0x5f, 0x18, 0x08, 0x2f, 0x42, 0xb7,
+ 0x23, 0x4b, 0x48, 0x46, 0x1f, 0x63, 0x87, 0xae, 0x6d, 0xd5, 0xdb, 0x60,
+ 0xf8, 0x5f, 0xd3, 0x13, 0xec, 0xca, 0xdd, 0x60, 0x60, 0x79, 0x52, 0x70,
+ 0x47, 0xae, 0x1d, 0x38, 0x78, 0x71, 0xcf, 0xb3, 0x04, 0x03, 0xbe, 0xba,
+ 0x81, 0xba, 0x74, 0xb1, 0x30, 0x35, 0xdc, 0xea, 0x21, 0x4a, 0x9b, 0x70,
+ 0xfb, 0xd6, 0x60, 0x59, 0x78, 0x0c, 0x4d, 0x39, 0x19, 0x1d, 0xe5, 0x75,
+ 0xba, 0x07, 0xf4, 0x22, 0x37, 0x64, 0xb7, 0xf2, 0x9a, 0xc9, 0x11, 0x2d,
+ 0x8e, 0x58, 0xa6, 0xcf, 0x83, 0xf1, 0xcb, 0x6c, 0x7f, 0x02, 0xbd, 0xda,
+ 0x03, 0x92, 0xa9, 0x45, 0x24, 0x56, 0xc5, 0xbd, 0x41, 0xd1, 0x20, 0x86,
+ 0xc0, 0xb6, 0xb7, 0xe8, 0xa7, 0xb2, 0x46, 0xf7, 0x8e, 0xa9, 0x38, 0x0e,
+ 0x23, 0x77, 0x3c, 0x0d, 0x66, 0x83, 0x6a, 0x1a, 0x6b, 0x7f, 0x54, 0x11,
+ 0x58, 0x0d, 0x4a, 0xb5, 0x74, 0x60, 0xca, 0xed, 0xff, 0x91, 0x47, 0xd9,
+ 0x29, 0xe0, 0xaa, 0x8c, 0xa8, 0x8f, 0x10, 0x4c, 0x15, 0x7d, 0xce, 0x95,
+ 0xf9, 0x87, 0x1e, 0x18, 0x38, 0x18, 0xfc, 0xcc, 0xaf, 0x91, 0x17, 0x3f,
+ 0xfa, 0xf0, 0x8a, 0x09, 0x6f, 0xba, 0x4e, 0x53, 0xf7, 0xfa, 0x4f, 0x20,
+ 0xa3, 0xf4, 0x4a, 0x5a, 0xde, 0x17, 0x1c, 0x29, 0x6a, 0x6f, 0x03, 0x48,
+ 0xdf, 0xad, 0x4f, 0xe4, 0xbc, 0x71, 0xc4, 0x72, 0x32, 0x11, 0x84, 0xac,
+ 0x09, 0xd2, 0x18, 0x44, 0x35, 0xf1, 0xcd, 0xaf, 0xa8, 0x98, 0xe0, 0x8b,
+ 0xec, 0xa0, 0x83, 0x37, 0xc3, 0x35, 0x85, 0xd6, 0xd8, 0x1b, 0xe0, 0x75,
+ 0xdc, 0xfd, 0xde, 0xc9, 0xeb, 0xd5, 0x18, 0x0f, 0xd3, 0x4c, 0x2f, 0x71,
+ 0xdc, 0x48, 0xe3, 0x14, 0xeb, 0xda, 0x00, 0x24, 0x24, 0x9e, 0xa3, 0x8e,
+ 0x3e, 0x08, 0x6f, 0x22, 0x24, 0xd6, 0xc4, 0x85, 0x8f, 0x68, 0x00, 0x4a,
+ 0x82, 0x4c, 0x33, 0x6e, 0xa5, 0x35, 0x7b, 0xeb, 0x4b, 0xdc, 0xa0, 0xa6,
+ 0x65, 0x6f, 0x5a, 0x7a, 0xdf, 0x8a, 0x01, 0x52, 0xa1, 0x6c, 0xff, 0x59,
+ 0x22, 0x7f, 0xe1, 0x96, 0x1b, 0x19, 0xb8, 0xf9, 0x5d, 0x44, 0x9f, 0x91,
+ 0x03, 0x3c, 0x3d, 0xa1, 0x2a, 0xb6, 0x5a, 0x51, 0xa0, 0xce, 0x4a, 0x88,
+ 0x22, 0x72, 0x9c, 0xdc, 0xc0, 0x47, 0x76, 0x35, 0x84, 0x75, 0x9b, 0x87,
+ 0x5c, 0xd3, 0xcf, 0xe7, 0xdd, 0xa3, 0x57, 0x14, 0xdf, 0x00, 0xfd, 0x19,
+ 0x2a, 0x7d, 0x89, 0x27, 0x1c, 0x78, 0x97, 0x04, 0x58, 0x48
+};
+unsigned int certificate2_der_len = 1366;
+
+unsigned char hi_signed_2nd[] = {
+ 0x68, 0x69, 0x0a, 0x30, 0x82, 0x02, 0xb1, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48,
+ 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x07, 0x02, 0xa0, 0x82, 0x02, 0xa2, 0x30, 0x82,
+ 0x02, 0x9e, 0x02, 0x01, 0x01, 0x31, 0x0d, 0x30, 0x0b, 0x06, 0x09, 0x60,
+ 0x86, 0x48, 0x01, 0x65, 0x03, 0x04, 0x02, 0x03, 0x30, 0x0b, 0x06, 0x09,
+ 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x07, 0x01, 0x31, 0x82, 0x02,
+ 0x7b, 0x30, 0x82, 0x02, 0x77, 0x02, 0x01, 0x01, 0x30, 0x52, 0x30, 0x3a,
+ 0x31, 0x38, 0x30, 0x36, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x03, 0x0c, 0x2f, 0x47,
+ 0x72, 0x75, 0x62, 0x20, 0x32, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x20, 0x43, 0x65, 0x72, 0x74,
+ 0x69, 0x66, 0x69, 0x63, 0x61, 0x74, 0x65, 0x20, 0x54, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74,
+ 0x20, 0x43, 0x65, 0x72, 0x74, 0x69, 0x66, 0x69, 0x63, 0x61, 0x74, 0x65,
+ 0x20, 0x41, 0x75, 0x74, 0x68, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x69, 0x74, 0x79, 0x02, 0x14,
+ 0x5b, 0x5e, 0x59, 0xf2, 0x5f, 0x75, 0x4c, 0x8e, 0xc5, 0x3a, 0x91, 0x07,
+ 0xe9, 0xe7, 0x6d, 0x3c, 0xd0, 0x7f, 0x91, 0xff, 0x30, 0x0b, 0x06, 0x09,
+ 0x60, 0x86, 0x48, 0x01, 0x65, 0x03, 0x04, 0x02, 0x03, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06,
+ 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x05, 0x00,
+ 0x04, 0x82, 0x02, 0x00, 0x0e, 0xc2, 0x30, 0x38, 0x81, 0x23, 0x68, 0x90,
+ 0xae, 0x5f, 0xce, 0xf7, 0x27, 0xb1, 0x8c, 0x2e, 0x12, 0x10, 0xc6, 0x99,
+ 0xdc, 0x4d, 0x4b, 0x79, 0xda, 0xe4, 0x32, 0x10, 0x46, 0x1c, 0x16, 0x07,
+ 0x87, 0x66, 0x55, 0xff, 0x64, 0x1c, 0x61, 0x25, 0xd5, 0xb9, 0xe1, 0xfe,
+ 0xea, 0x5a, 0xcd, 0x56, 0xa5, 0xc3, 0xbe, 0xb1, 0x61, 0xc7, 0x6f, 0x5f,
+ 0x69, 0x20, 0x64, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x12, 0x78, 0xb6, 0x0c, 0x72, 0x44, 0x4f,
+ 0x60, 0x0f, 0x9f, 0xa2, 0x83, 0x3b, 0xc2, 0x83, 0xd5, 0x14, 0x1f, 0x6f,
+ 0x3e, 0xb2, 0x47, 0xb5, 0x58, 0xc5, 0xa7, 0xb4, 0x82, 0x53, 0x2e, 0x53,
+ 0x95, 0x4e, 0x3d, 0xe4, 0x62, 0xe8, 0xa1, 0xaf, 0xae, 0xbf, 0xa9, 0xd2,
+ 0x22, 0x07, 0xbe, 0x71, 0x37, 0x2c, 0x5a, 0xa7, 0x6c, 0xaf, 0x14, 0xc0,
+ 0x6c, 0x2f, 0xbf, 0x4f, 0x15, 0xc2, 0x0f, 0x8b, 0xdc, 0x68, 0x45, 0xdf,
+ 0xf3, 0xa5, 0x7f, 0x11, 0x6a, 0x54, 0xcd, 0x67, 0xb9, 0x2e, 0x7d, 0x05,
+ 0xe3, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0xcc, 0x77, 0x8e, 0x97, 0xb1, 0xa0, 0x11, 0x09, 0x3d,
+ 0x90, 0x54, 0xfc, 0x7e, 0xbb, 0xbb, 0x21, 0x23, 0x03, 0x44, 0xbf, 0x7d,
+ 0x2c, 0xc9, 0x15, 0x42, 0xe5, 0xa0, 0x3b, 0xa2, 0xd1, 0x5b, 0x73, 0x81,
+ 0xff, 0xfa, 0x90, 0xfc, 0x27, 0x7b, 0x2f, 0x86, 0x9c, 0x1d, 0x14, 0x36,
+ 0x94, 0xa2, 0x6e, 0xe8, 0x9d, 0xa0, 0x5f, 0xfc, 0x5a, 0x0d, 0xa4, 0xd5,
+ 0x2f, 0x8d, 0xd6, 0x00, 0xfa, 0x93, 0x5b, 0x09, 0x7f, 0x42, 0x78, 0xcc,
+ 0x8c, 0x49, 0xda, 0xd9, 0xf6, 0x43, 0xe7, 0xe1, 0x3c, 0xa2, 0xe2, 0x70,
+ 0xe2, 0x6a, 0x99, 0xc5, 0xd6, 0xa2, 0xe3, 0x0b, 0xd4, 0x09, 0xac, 0x94,
+ 0xaf, 0xb7, 0xf0, 0xb3, 0x0c, 0x1e, 0xf5, 0x16, 0x4f, 0x53, 0x9a, 0xe3,
+ 0xcc, 0xe2, 0x0c, 0x4a, 0xb9, 0xe6, 0x06, 0xbb, 0xf7, 0x41, 0x43, 0x20,
+ 0x04, 0xee, 0x99, 0x2f, 0xd8, 0x9f, 0xda, 0x3f, 0xfd, 0x49, 0xb8, 0xc2,
+ 0xbd, 0xd9, 0xc5, 0x72, 0xfd, 0xe3, 0xce, 0x1c, 0xbc, 0xe4, 0x39, 0xac,
+ 0x2a, 0x99, 0xe9, 0xb4, 0x3e, 0x74, 0x10, 0xeb, 0xd5, 0x14, 0xcc, 0xdb,
+ 0xf1, 0x04, 0x63, 0x36, 0xfb, 0x1f, 0x2b, 0xe2, 0x73, 0xd4, 0xd8, 0x49,
+ 0x31, 0xa8, 0x55, 0xcc, 0xa7, 0x76, 0x36, 0x6e, 0x18, 0xdc, 0xb9, 0xb0,
+ 0x29, 0x99, 0xcf, 0x49, 0xbf, 0xf9, 0xdb, 0x7f, 0x24, 0x42, 0x02, 0xcb,
+ 0xc1, 0xaa, 0xcb, 0xba, 0x18, 0x85, 0x86, 0xc7, 0xf4, 0x1c, 0x62, 0x76,
+ 0xbc, 0x73, 0xfb, 0xe4, 0x15, 0xb8, 0xdd, 0x5d, 0xa6, 0x68, 0x39, 0xa5,
+ 0x3d, 0x33, 0xaf, 0xd5, 0x92, 0x4d, 0x48, 0xdb, 0x22, 0xc0, 0xdc, 0x49,
+ 0x5f, 0x7b, 0xa8, 0xd2, 0x62, 0x2d, 0xa7, 0x39, 0x93, 0x48, 0xe7, 0x6b,
+ 0x23, 0xba, 0xd4, 0xe0, 0xc1, 0x29, 0x55, 0xc4, 0x34, 0xe3, 0xac, 0x25,
+ 0xa7, 0x15, 0xad, 0xab, 0xb3, 0xb7, 0x25, 0xca, 0x37, 0x88, 0x40, 0x2e,
+ 0x47, 0x6e, 0x92, 0x20, 0x09, 0x2e, 0x5a, 0xec, 0xf2, 0xfb, 0xb3, 0xa0,
+ 0x16, 0xb6, 0x93, 0xf2, 0xf5, 0x8b, 0xfe, 0xaf, 0x25, 0xee, 0x2e, 0x98,
+ 0x6c, 0x0a, 0xfe, 0xae, 0x0b, 0x57, 0xf5, 0x9f, 0x3c, 0x80, 0xe9, 0x8b,
+ 0xaf, 0x92, 0x8a, 0xad, 0xe7, 0xa0, 0xe4, 0xe6, 0x0a, 0xa0, 0xc7, 0x83,
+ 0xb5, 0x48, 0x58, 0x5f, 0x55, 0x9e, 0x9b, 0x27, 0xcd, 0x31, 0x1f, 0x3e,
+ 0x50, 0x5a, 0x91, 0xad, 0x21, 0x1b, 0x97, 0x5b, 0xe8, 0xfa, 0x29, 0x8a,
+ 0xa4, 0x17, 0xe8, 0xab, 0x87, 0x02, 0xd6, 0x18, 0x8c, 0x9f, 0x65, 0xb7,
+ 0x2a, 0xfa, 0xde, 0x5f, 0x77, 0x30, 0x6c, 0x04, 0x22, 0xe6, 0x58, 0x26,
+ 0x14, 0x0d, 0x9c, 0x41, 0x0a, 0x82, 0x77, 0xdb, 0x40, 0xa1, 0x58, 0xac,
+ 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0xb5,
+ 0x7e, 0x4d, 0x6f, 0x64, 0x75, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x20, 0x73, 0x69, 0x67, 0x6e,
+ 0x61, 0x74, 0x75, 0x72, 0x65, 0x20, 0x61, 0x70, 0x70, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x64,
+ 0x65, 0x64, 0x7e, 0x0a
+};
+unsigned int hi_signed_2nd_len = 736;
+
+unsigned char hi_double[] = {
+ 0x68, 0x69, 0x0a, 0x30, 0x82, 0x05, 0x2f, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48,
+ 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x07, 0x02, 0xa0, 0x82, 0x05, 0x20, 0x30, 0x82,
+ 0x05, 0x1c, 0x02, 0x01, 0x01, 0x31, 0x0d, 0x30, 0x0b, 0x06, 0x09, 0x60,
+ 0x86, 0x48, 0x01, 0x65, 0x03, 0x04, 0x02, 0x03, 0x30, 0x0b, 0x06, 0x09,
+ 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x07, 0x01, 0x31, 0x82, 0x04,
+ 0xf9, 0x30, 0x82, 0x02, 0x77, 0x02, 0x01, 0x01, 0x30, 0x52, 0x30, 0x3a,
+ 0x31, 0x38, 0x30, 0x36, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x03, 0x0c, 0x2f, 0x47,
+ 0x72, 0x75, 0x62, 0x20, 0x32, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x20, 0x43, 0x65, 0x72, 0x74,
+ 0x69, 0x66, 0x69, 0x63, 0x61, 0x74, 0x65, 0x20, 0x54, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74,
+ 0x20, 0x43, 0x65, 0x72, 0x74, 0x69, 0x66, 0x69, 0x63, 0x61, 0x74, 0x65,
+ 0x20, 0x41, 0x75, 0x74, 0x68, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x69, 0x74, 0x79, 0x02, 0x14,
+ 0x5b, 0x5e, 0x59, 0xf2, 0x5f, 0x75, 0x4c, 0x8e, 0xc5, 0x3a, 0x91, 0x07,
+ 0xe9, 0xe7, 0x6d, 0x3c, 0xd0, 0x7f, 0x91, 0xff, 0x30, 0x0b, 0x06, 0x09,
+ 0x60, 0x86, 0x48, 0x01, 0x65, 0x03, 0x04, 0x02, 0x03, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06,
+ 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x05, 0x00,
+ 0x04, 0x82, 0x02, 0x00, 0x0e, 0xc2, 0x30, 0x38, 0x81, 0x23, 0x68, 0x90,
+ 0xae, 0x5f, 0xce, 0xf7, 0x27, 0xb1, 0x8c, 0x2e, 0x12, 0x10, 0xc6, 0x99,
+ 0xdc, 0x4d, 0x4b, 0x79, 0xda, 0xe4, 0x32, 0x10, 0x46, 0x1c, 0x16, 0x07,
+ 0x87, 0x66, 0x55, 0xff, 0x64, 0x1c, 0x61, 0x25, 0xd5, 0xb9, 0xe1, 0xfe,
+ 0xea, 0x5a, 0xcd, 0x56, 0xa5, 0xc3, 0xbe, 0xb1, 0x61, 0xc7, 0x6f, 0x5f,
+ 0x69, 0x20, 0x64, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x12, 0x78, 0xb6, 0x0c, 0x72, 0x44, 0x4f,
+ 0x60, 0x0f, 0x9f, 0xa2, 0x83, 0x3b, 0xc2, 0x83, 0xd5, 0x14, 0x1f, 0x6f,
+ 0x3e, 0xb2, 0x47, 0xb5, 0x58, 0xc5, 0xa7, 0xb4, 0x82, 0x53, 0x2e, 0x53,
+ 0x95, 0x4e, 0x3d, 0xe4, 0x62, 0xe8, 0xa1, 0xaf, 0xae, 0xbf, 0xa9, 0xd2,
+ 0x22, 0x07, 0xbe, 0x71, 0x37, 0x2c, 0x5a, 0xa7, 0x6c, 0xaf, 0x14, 0xc0,
+ 0x6c, 0x2f, 0xbf, 0x4f, 0x15, 0xc2, 0x0f, 0x8b, 0xdc, 0x68, 0x45, 0xdf,
+ 0xf3, 0xa5, 0x7f, 0x11, 0x6a, 0x54, 0xcd, 0x67, 0xb9, 0x2e, 0x7d, 0x05,
+ 0xe3, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0xcc, 0x77, 0x8e, 0x97, 0xb1, 0xa0, 0x11, 0x09, 0x3d,
+ 0x90, 0x54, 0xfc, 0x7e, 0xbb, 0xbb, 0x21, 0x23, 0x03, 0x44, 0xbf, 0x7d,
+ 0x2c, 0xc9, 0x15, 0x42, 0xe5, 0xa0, 0x3b, 0xa2, 0xd1, 0x5b, 0x73, 0x81,
+ 0xff, 0xfa, 0x90, 0xfc, 0x27, 0x7b, 0x2f, 0x86, 0x9c, 0x1d, 0x14, 0x36,
+ 0x94, 0xa2, 0x6e, 0xe8, 0x9d, 0xa0, 0x5f, 0xfc, 0x5a, 0x0d, 0xa4, 0xd5,
+ 0x2f, 0x8d, 0xd6, 0x00, 0xfa, 0x93, 0x5b, 0x09, 0x7f, 0x42, 0x78, 0xcc,
+ 0x8c, 0x49, 0xda, 0xd9, 0xf6, 0x43, 0xe7, 0xe1, 0x3c, 0xa2, 0xe2, 0x70,
+ 0xe2, 0x6a, 0x99, 0xc5, 0xd6, 0xa2, 0xe3, 0x0b, 0xd4, 0x09, 0xac, 0x94,
+ 0xaf, 0xb7, 0xf0, 0xb3, 0x0c, 0x1e, 0xf5, 0x16, 0x4f, 0x53, 0x9a, 0xe3,
+ 0xcc, 0xe2, 0x0c, 0x4a, 0xb9, 0xe6, 0x06, 0xbb, 0xf7, 0x41, 0x43, 0x20,
+ 0x04, 0xee, 0x99, 0x2f, 0xd8, 0x9f, 0xda, 0x3f, 0xfd, 0x49, 0xb8, 0xc2,
+ 0xbd, 0xd9, 0xc5, 0x72, 0xfd, 0xe3, 0xce, 0x1c, 0xbc, 0xe4, 0x39, 0xac,
+ 0x2a, 0x99, 0xe9, 0xb4, 0x3e, 0x74, 0x10, 0xeb, 0xd5, 0x14, 0xcc, 0xdb,
+ 0xf1, 0x04, 0x63, 0x36, 0xfb, 0x1f, 0x2b, 0xe2, 0x73, 0xd4, 0xd8, 0x49,
+ 0x31, 0xa8, 0x55, 0xcc, 0xa7, 0x76, 0x36, 0x6e, 0x18, 0xdc, 0xb9, 0xb0,
+ 0x29, 0x99, 0xcf, 0x49, 0xbf, 0xf9, 0xdb, 0x7f, 0x24, 0x42, 0x02, 0xcb,
+ 0xc1, 0xaa, 0xcb, 0xba, 0x18, 0x85, 0x86, 0xc7, 0xf4, 0x1c, 0x62, 0x76,
+ 0xbc, 0x73, 0xfb, 0xe4, 0x15, 0xb8, 0xdd, 0x5d, 0xa6, 0x68, 0x39, 0xa5,
+ 0x3d, 0x33, 0xaf, 0xd5, 0x92, 0x4d, 0x48, 0xdb, 0x22, 0xc0, 0xdc, 0x49,
+ 0x5f, 0x7b, 0xa8, 0xd2, 0x62, 0x2d, 0xa7, 0x39, 0x93, 0x48, 0xe7, 0x6b,
+ 0x23, 0xba, 0xd4, 0xe0, 0xc1, 0x29, 0x55, 0xc4, 0x34, 0xe3, 0xac, 0x25,
+ 0xa7, 0x15, 0xad, 0xab, 0xb3, 0xb7, 0x25, 0xca, 0x37, 0x88, 0x40, 0x2e,
+ 0x47, 0x6e, 0x92, 0x20, 0x09, 0x2e, 0x5a, 0xec, 0xf2, 0xfb, 0xb3, 0xa0,
+ 0x16, 0xb6, 0x93, 0xf2, 0xf5, 0x8b, 0xfe, 0xaf, 0x25, 0xee, 0x2e, 0x98,
+ 0x6c, 0x0a, 0xfe, 0xae, 0x0b, 0x57, 0xf5, 0x9f, 0x3c, 0x80, 0xe9, 0x8b,
+ 0xaf, 0x92, 0x8a, 0xad, 0xe7, 0xa0, 0xe4, 0xe6, 0x0a, 0xa0, 0xc7, 0x83,
+ 0xb5, 0x48, 0x58, 0x5f, 0x55, 0x9e, 0x9b, 0x27, 0xcd, 0x31, 0x1f, 0x3e,
+ 0x50, 0x5a, 0x91, 0xad, 0x21, 0x1b, 0x97, 0x5b, 0xe8, 0xfa, 0x29, 0x8a,
+ 0xa4, 0x17, 0xe8, 0xab, 0x87, 0x02, 0xd6, 0x18, 0x8c, 0x9f, 0x65, 0xb7,
+ 0x2a, 0xfa, 0xde, 0x5f, 0x77, 0x30, 0x6c, 0x04, 0x22, 0xe6, 0x58, 0x26,
+ 0x14, 0x0d, 0x9c, 0x41, 0x0a, 0x82, 0x77, 0xdb, 0x40, 0xa1, 0x58, 0xac,
+ 0x30, 0x82, 0x02, 0x7a, 0x02, 0x01, 0x01, 0x30, 0x55, 0x30, 0x3d, 0x31,
+ 0x3b, 0x30, 0x39, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x03, 0x0c, 0x32, 0x47, 0x72,
+ 0x75, 0x62, 0x20, 0x41, 0x70, 0x70, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x65, 0x64, 0x20,
+ 0x53, 0x69, 0x67, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x74, 0x75, 0x72, 0x65, 0x20, 0x54, 0x65,
+ 0x73, 0x74, 0x20, 0x43, 0x65, 0x72, 0x74, 0x69, 0x66, 0x69, 0x63, 0x61,
+ 0x74, 0x65, 0x20, 0x41, 0x75, 0x74, 0x68, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x69, 0x74, 0x79,
+ 0x02, 0x14, 0x5b, 0x5e, 0x59, 0xf2, 0x5f, 0x75, 0x4c, 0x8e, 0xc5, 0x3a,
+ 0x91, 0x07, 0xe9, 0xe7, 0x6d, 0x3c, 0xd0, 0x7f, 0x92, 0x03, 0x30, 0x0b,
+ 0x06, 0x09, 0x60, 0x86, 0x48, 0x01, 0x65, 0x03, 0x04, 0x02, 0x03, 0x30,
+ 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01,
+ 0x05, 0x00, 0x04, 0x82, 0x02, 0x00, 0xa0, 0x83, 0x3f, 0xac, 0x77, 0x97,
+ 0x74, 0x9b, 0x4b, 0x25, 0xa1, 0x64, 0x09, 0x8d, 0x53, 0xa6, 0x03, 0xdf,
+ 0x9a, 0x10, 0x52, 0xe5, 0x3f, 0xd4, 0x72, 0x75, 0x30, 0xd4, 0x6e, 0x77,
+ 0x32, 0x49, 0x84, 0xe2, 0xbe, 0xef, 0xe4, 0xf3, 0xac, 0xb0, 0x52, 0x55,
+ 0xbf, 0xa9, 0x57, 0x12, 0x08, 0x7d, 0xb0, 0x86, 0xc0, 0x9d, 0x01, 0xc2,
+ 0x1a, 0x4a, 0x2e, 0x3d, 0xd5, 0xc8, 0x56, 0xac, 0xd1, 0x83, 0x75, 0x88,
+ 0xd4, 0xcc, 0x9f, 0x0d, 0xcf, 0xd3, 0xa6, 0x91, 0xb6, 0xb6, 0xb1, 0xd1,
+ 0x24, 0x9c, 0xd0, 0x13, 0xe8, 0x6b, 0x15, 0x9c, 0x62, 0x33, 0x8d, 0xe3,
+ 0x67, 0x9b, 0xb1, 0x8a, 0x72, 0x38, 0xf7, 0x48, 0x32, 0x2f, 0x1e, 0x45,
+ 0xa8, 0xc4, 0xa5, 0xae, 0xb1, 0xfc, 0x35, 0x25, 0xb5, 0xf9, 0x7f, 0x86,
+ 0xef, 0xa2, 0x6d, 0x78, 0xcc, 0xfd, 0x0c, 0xca, 0x8a, 0xe1, 0xae, 0xcd,
+ 0x0f, 0x58, 0x69, 0xf1, 0x8b, 0xcc, 0x22, 0x35, 0x6d, 0x1f, 0xd5, 0x27,
+ 0x87, 0x39, 0x62, 0x3f, 0xb2, 0x17, 0x3d, 0x5e, 0xb1, 0x32, 0x7a, 0xf1,
+ 0x70, 0xce, 0xfa, 0xab, 0x1c, 0x92, 0xa8, 0xe1, 0xc4, 0xb2, 0x33, 0x1a,
+ 0x16, 0xf3, 0x60, 0x39, 0xdf, 0xb8, 0x85, 0xe7, 0x5d, 0x4d, 0xc2, 0x8d,
+ 0x55, 0x00, 0x49, 0x94, 0x04, 0x17, 0x88, 0x7c, 0xf4, 0xac, 0xa9, 0xc5,
+ 0x3a, 0x09, 0xc4, 0xc2, 0xcd, 0x3d, 0xc3, 0xfc, 0x4e, 0xf3, 0x70, 0xa1,
+ 0xc1, 0x54, 0x36, 0x1f, 0x38, 0x6d, 0x7a, 0x6b, 0x6a, 0xd3, 0x67, 0x04,
+ 0xd5, 0x53, 0xd4, 0xa5, 0xad, 0x63, 0x55, 0x0e, 0x06, 0x06, 0x3a, 0x9a,
+ 0xc5, 0xfe, 0x38, 0xc9, 0xb0, 0x69, 0x42, 0x90, 0x35, 0x1f, 0xe3, 0x1c,
+ 0x57, 0xea, 0xdb, 0x51, 0x35, 0x53, 0xd3, 0x94, 0xfe, 0x72, 0x33, 0xd6,
+ 0x8a, 0x46, 0x74, 0xf9, 0x6e, 0x94, 0x40, 0x2f, 0xba, 0xa2, 0xc4, 0xe9,
+ 0xc9, 0x8a, 0xf4, 0xda, 0xe2, 0xca, 0x3e, 0x98, 0x85, 0xa5, 0xd1, 0x60,
+ 0x94, 0xc8, 0xdf, 0x82, 0xee, 0x5c, 0x0d, 0x2a, 0xa9, 0x8e, 0x26, 0x83,
+ 0x3f, 0x02, 0xa2, 0xaf, 0xb8, 0x3b, 0x83, 0xf2, 0x44, 0x46, 0x41, 0xd7,
+ 0x5c, 0xa1, 0x42, 0x17, 0xa2, 0xd0, 0x50, 0x42, 0xef, 0x66, 0xda, 0x35,
+ 0x03, 0xd1, 0x8e, 0x77, 0x22, 0x7d, 0x4e, 0xf7, 0x4e, 0x04, 0xe3, 0x0f,
+ 0x98, 0x7d, 0xaa, 0x58, 0xba, 0xef, 0x9a, 0xd0, 0x88, 0x7c, 0x98, 0xa0,
+ 0xc2, 0xff, 0xa6, 0xb1, 0xec, 0xbe, 0x6e, 0xb0, 0x7e, 0xc6, 0xe5, 0xaa,
+ 0xcf, 0x10, 0x73, 0xc9, 0x13, 0x1a, 0x20, 0x12, 0x5c, 0xd2, 0x0e, 0xe2,
+ 0x60, 0x17, 0xdf, 0x4a, 0x44, 0x08, 0x22, 0xbc, 0xcd, 0x75, 0xbe, 0xc3,
+ 0x7a, 0x12, 0x90, 0x90, 0xc7, 0x94, 0x4c, 0x98, 0x45, 0x02, 0x5c, 0x24,
+ 0xae, 0x82, 0x2f, 0xcd, 0x30, 0xa6, 0xf5, 0x3f, 0xd3, 0xa7, 0xa6, 0xe6,
+ 0xea, 0x11, 0x4e, 0x45, 0xb7, 0xc0, 0xe6, 0x24, 0x8b, 0x76, 0xc5, 0x5e,
+ 0xc1, 0xd8, 0x07, 0x1e, 0x26, 0x94, 0x7a, 0x80, 0xc6, 0x3b, 0x1f, 0x74,
+ 0xe6, 0xae, 0x43, 0x2d, 0x11, 0xee, 0x96, 0x56, 0x6c, 0xff, 0xcb, 0x3b,
+ 0xde, 0xcc, 0xb3, 0x7b, 0x08, 0xf5, 0x3e, 0x6e, 0x51, 0x71, 0xe0, 0x8a,
+ 0xfa, 0xdd, 0x19, 0x39, 0xcf, 0x3f, 0x29, 0x4f, 0x2d, 0xd2, 0xd4, 0xdc,
+ 0x5c, 0xc4, 0xd1, 0xa7, 0xf5, 0xbf, 0x4a, 0xc0, 0x9b, 0xb4, 0x2b, 0x83,
+ 0x7a, 0x63, 0x4d, 0x20, 0x40, 0x8b, 0x11, 0x5c, 0x53, 0xd4, 0x52, 0x21,
+ 0xe7, 0xe4, 0x1f, 0x01, 0xf6, 0xd1, 0x25, 0x28, 0xba, 0x51, 0x6f, 0x51,
+ 0x69, 0xf4, 0x41, 0x45, 0x75, 0x23, 0x25, 0x77, 0xef, 0xa8, 0x1c, 0x19,
+ 0x8a, 0x66, 0x8c, 0x61, 0x13, 0x37, 0x4f, 0xa3, 0xa1, 0x83, 0x17, 0x35,
+ 0x23, 0x2d, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+ 0x05, 0x33, 0x7e, 0x4d, 0x6f, 0x64, 0x75, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x20, 0x73, 0x69,
+ 0x67, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x74, 0x75, 0x72, 0x65, 0x20, 0x61, 0x70, 0x70, 0x65,
+ 0x6e, 0x64, 0x65, 0x64, 0x7e, 0x0a
+};
+unsigned int hi_double_len = 1374;
+
+unsigned char hi_double_extended[] = {
+ 0x68, 0x69, 0x0a, 0x30, 0x82, 0x05, 0x2f, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48,
+ 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x07, 0x02, 0xa0, 0x82, 0x05, 0x20, 0x30, 0x82,
+ 0x05, 0x1c, 0x02, 0x01, 0x01, 0x31, 0x0d, 0x30, 0x0b, 0x06, 0x09, 0x60,
+ 0x86, 0x48, 0x01, 0x65, 0x03, 0x04, 0x02, 0x03, 0x30, 0x0b, 0x06, 0x09,
+ 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x07, 0x01, 0x31, 0x82, 0x04,
+ 0xf9, 0x30, 0x82, 0x02, 0x77, 0x02, 0x01, 0x01, 0x30, 0x52, 0x30, 0x3a,
+ 0x31, 0x38, 0x30, 0x36, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x03, 0x0c, 0x2f, 0x47,
+ 0x72, 0x75, 0x62, 0x20, 0x32, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x20, 0x43, 0x65, 0x72, 0x74,
+ 0x69, 0x66, 0x69, 0x63, 0x61, 0x74, 0x65, 0x20, 0x54, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74,
+ 0x20, 0x43, 0x65, 0x72, 0x74, 0x69, 0x66, 0x69, 0x63, 0x61, 0x74, 0x65,
+ 0x20, 0x41, 0x75, 0x74, 0x68, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x69, 0x74, 0x79, 0x02, 0x14,
+ 0x5b, 0x5e, 0x59, 0xf2, 0x5f, 0x75, 0x4c, 0x8e, 0xc5, 0x3a, 0x91, 0x07,
+ 0xe9, 0xe7, 0x6d, 0x3c, 0xd0, 0x7f, 0x91, 0xff, 0x30, 0x0b, 0x06, 0x09,
+ 0x60, 0x86, 0x48, 0x01, 0x65, 0x03, 0x04, 0x02, 0x03, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06,
+ 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x05, 0x00,
+ 0x04, 0x82, 0x02, 0x00, 0x0e, 0xc2, 0x30, 0x38, 0x81, 0x23, 0x68, 0x90,
+ 0xae, 0x5f, 0xce, 0xf7, 0x27, 0xb1, 0x8c, 0x2e, 0x12, 0x10, 0xc6, 0x99,
+ 0xdc, 0x4d, 0x4b, 0x79, 0xda, 0xe4, 0x32, 0x10, 0x46, 0x1c, 0x16, 0x07,
+ 0x87, 0x66, 0x55, 0xff, 0x64, 0x1c, 0x61, 0x25, 0xd5, 0xb9, 0xe1, 0xfe,
+ 0xea, 0x5a, 0xcd, 0x56, 0xa5, 0xc3, 0xbe, 0xb1, 0x61, 0xc7, 0x6f, 0x5f,
+ 0x69, 0x20, 0x64, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x12, 0x78, 0xb6, 0x0c, 0x72, 0x44, 0x4f,
+ 0x60, 0x0f, 0x9f, 0xa2, 0x83, 0x3b, 0xc2, 0x83, 0xd5, 0x14, 0x1f, 0x6f,
+ 0x3e, 0xb2, 0x47, 0xb5, 0x58, 0xc5, 0xa7, 0xb4, 0x82, 0x53, 0x2e, 0x53,
+ 0x95, 0x4e, 0x3d, 0xe4, 0x62, 0xe8, 0xa1, 0xaf, 0xae, 0xbf, 0xa9, 0xd2,
+ 0x22, 0x07, 0xbe, 0x71, 0x37, 0x2c, 0x5a, 0xa7, 0x6c, 0xaf, 0x14, 0xc0,
+ 0x6c, 0x2f, 0xbf, 0x4f, 0x15, 0xc2, 0x0f, 0x8b, 0xdc, 0x68, 0x45, 0xdf,
+ 0xf3, 0xa5, 0x7f, 0x11, 0x6a, 0x54, 0xcd, 0x67, 0xb9, 0x2e, 0x7d, 0x05,
+ 0xe3, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0xcc, 0x77, 0x8e, 0x97, 0xb1, 0xa0, 0x11, 0x09, 0x3d,
+ 0x90, 0x54, 0xfc, 0x7e, 0xbb, 0xbb, 0x21, 0x23, 0x03, 0x44, 0xbf, 0x7d,
+ 0x2c, 0xc9, 0x15, 0x42, 0xe5, 0xa0, 0x3b, 0xa2, 0xd1, 0x5b, 0x73, 0x81,
+ 0xff, 0xfa, 0x90, 0xfc, 0x27, 0x7b, 0x2f, 0x86, 0x9c, 0x1d, 0x14, 0x36,
+ 0x94, 0xa2, 0x6e, 0xe8, 0x9d, 0xa0, 0x5f, 0xfc, 0x5a, 0x0d, 0xa4, 0xd5,
+ 0x2f, 0x8d, 0xd6, 0x00, 0xfa, 0x93, 0x5b, 0x09, 0x7f, 0x42, 0x78, 0xcc,
+ 0x8c, 0x49, 0xda, 0xd9, 0xf6, 0x43, 0xe7, 0xe1, 0x3c, 0xa2, 0xe2, 0x70,
+ 0xe2, 0x6a, 0x99, 0xc5, 0xd6, 0xa2, 0xe3, 0x0b, 0xd4, 0x09, 0xac, 0x94,
+ 0xaf, 0xb7, 0xf0, 0xb3, 0x0c, 0x1e, 0xf5, 0x16, 0x4f, 0x53, 0x9a, 0xe3,
+ 0xcc, 0xe2, 0x0c, 0x4a, 0xb9, 0xe6, 0x06, 0xbb, 0xf7, 0x41, 0x43, 0x20,
+ 0x04, 0xee, 0x99, 0x2f, 0xd8, 0x9f, 0xda, 0x3f, 0xfd, 0x49, 0xb8, 0xc2,
+ 0xbd, 0xd9, 0xc5, 0x72, 0xfd, 0xe3, 0xce, 0x1c, 0xbc, 0xe4, 0x39, 0xac,
+ 0x2a, 0x99, 0xe9, 0xb4, 0x3e, 0x74, 0x10, 0xeb, 0xd5, 0x14, 0xcc, 0xdb,
+ 0xf1, 0x04, 0x63, 0x36, 0xfb, 0x1f, 0x2b, 0xe2, 0x73, 0xd4, 0xd8, 0x49,
+ 0x31, 0xa8, 0x55, 0xcc, 0xa7, 0x76, 0x36, 0x6e, 0x18, 0xdc, 0xb9, 0xb0,
+ 0x29, 0x99, 0xcf, 0x49, 0xbf, 0xf9, 0xdb, 0x7f, 0x24, 0x42, 0x02, 0xcb,
+ 0xc1, 0xaa, 0xcb, 0xba, 0x18, 0x85, 0x86, 0xc7, 0xf4, 0x1c, 0x62, 0x76,
+ 0xbc, 0x73, 0xfb, 0xe4, 0x15, 0xb8, 0xdd, 0x5d, 0xa6, 0x68, 0x39, 0xa5,
+ 0x3d, 0x33, 0xaf, 0xd5, 0x92, 0x4d, 0x48, 0xdb, 0x22, 0xc0, 0xdc, 0x49,
+ 0x5f, 0x7b, 0xa8, 0xd2, 0x62, 0x2d, 0xa7, 0x39, 0x93, 0x48, 0xe7, 0x6b,
+ 0x23, 0xba, 0xd4, 0xe0, 0xc1, 0x29, 0x55, 0xc4, 0x34, 0xe3, 0xac, 0x25,
+ 0xa7, 0x15, 0xad, 0xab, 0xb3, 0xb7, 0x25, 0xca, 0x37, 0x88, 0x40, 0x2e,
+ 0x47, 0x6e, 0x92, 0x20, 0x09, 0x2e, 0x5a, 0xec, 0xf2, 0xfb, 0xb3, 0xa0,
+ 0x16, 0xb6, 0x93, 0xf2, 0xf5, 0x8b, 0xfe, 0xaf, 0x25, 0xee, 0x2e, 0x98,
+ 0x6c, 0x0a, 0xfe, 0xae, 0x0b, 0x57, 0xf5, 0x9f, 0x3c, 0x80, 0xe9, 0x8b,
+ 0xaf, 0x92, 0x8a, 0xad, 0xe7, 0xa0, 0xe4, 0xe6, 0x0a, 0xa0, 0xc7, 0x83,
+ 0xb5, 0x48, 0x58, 0x5f, 0x55, 0x9e, 0x9b, 0x27, 0xcd, 0x31, 0x1f, 0x3e,
+ 0x50, 0x5a, 0x91, 0xad, 0x21, 0x1b, 0x97, 0x5b, 0xe8, 0xfa, 0x29, 0x8a,
+ 0xa4, 0x17, 0xe8, 0xab, 0x87, 0x02, 0xd6, 0x18, 0x8c, 0x9f, 0x65, 0xb7,
+ 0x2a, 0xfa, 0xde, 0x5f, 0x77, 0x30, 0x6c, 0x04, 0x22, 0xe6, 0x58, 0x26,
+ 0x14, 0x0d, 0x9c, 0x41, 0x0a, 0x82, 0x77, 0xdb, 0x40, 0xa1, 0x58, 0xac,
+ 0x30, 0x82, 0x02, 0x7a, 0x02, 0x01, 0x01, 0x30, 0x55, 0x30, 0x3d, 0x31,
+ 0x3b, 0x30, 0x39, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x03, 0x0c, 0x32, 0x47, 0x72,
+ 0x75, 0x62, 0x20, 0x41, 0x70, 0x70, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x65, 0x64, 0x20,
+ 0x53, 0x69, 0x67, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x74, 0x75, 0x72, 0x65, 0x20, 0x54, 0x65,
+ 0x73, 0x74, 0x20, 0x43, 0x65, 0x72, 0x74, 0x69, 0x66, 0x69, 0x63, 0x61,
+ 0x74, 0x65, 0x20, 0x41, 0x75, 0x74, 0x68, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x69, 0x74, 0x79,
+ 0x02, 0x14, 0x5b, 0x5e, 0x59, 0xf2, 0x5f, 0x75, 0x4c, 0x8e, 0xc5, 0x3a,
+ 0x91, 0x07, 0xe9, 0xe7, 0x6d, 0x3c, 0xd0, 0x7f, 0x92, 0x03, 0x30, 0x0b,
+ 0x06, 0x09, 0x60, 0x86, 0x48, 0x01, 0x65, 0x03, 0x04, 0x02, 0x03, 0x30,
+ 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01,
+ 0x05, 0x00, 0x04, 0x82, 0x02, 0x00, 0xa0, 0x83, 0x3f, 0xac, 0x77, 0x97,
+ 0x74, 0x9b, 0x4b, 0x25, 0xa1, 0x64, 0x09, 0x8d, 0x53, 0xa6, 0x03, 0xdf,
+ 0x9a, 0x10, 0x52, 0xe5, 0x3f, 0xd4, 0x72, 0x75, 0x30, 0xd4, 0x6e, 0x77,
+ 0x32, 0x49, 0x84, 0xe2, 0xbe, 0xef, 0xe4, 0xf3, 0xac, 0xb0, 0x52, 0x55,
+ 0xbf, 0xa9, 0x57, 0x12, 0x08, 0x7d, 0xb0, 0x86, 0xc0, 0x9d, 0x01, 0xc2,
+ 0x1a, 0x4a, 0x2e, 0x3d, 0xd5, 0xc8, 0x56, 0xac, 0xd1, 0x83, 0x75, 0x88,
+ 0xd4, 0xcc, 0x9f, 0x0d, 0xcf, 0xd3, 0xa6, 0x91, 0xb6, 0xb6, 0xb1, 0xd1,
+ 0x24, 0x9c, 0xd0, 0x13, 0xe8, 0x6b, 0x15, 0x9c, 0x62, 0x33, 0x8d, 0xe3,
+ 0x67, 0x9b, 0xb1, 0x8a, 0x72, 0x38, 0xf7, 0x48, 0x32, 0x2f, 0x1e, 0x45,
+ 0xa8, 0xc4, 0xa5, 0xae, 0xb1, 0xfc, 0x35, 0x25, 0xb5, 0xf9, 0x7f, 0x86,
+ 0xef, 0xa2, 0x6d, 0x78, 0xcc, 0xfd, 0x0c, 0xca, 0x8a, 0xe1, 0xae, 0xcd,
+ 0x0f, 0x58, 0x69, 0xf1, 0x8b, 0xcc, 0x22, 0x35, 0x6d, 0x1f, 0xd5, 0x27,
+ 0x87, 0x39, 0x62, 0x3f, 0xb2, 0x17, 0x3d, 0x5e, 0xb1, 0x32, 0x7a, 0xf1,
+ 0x70, 0xce, 0xfa, 0xab, 0x1c, 0x92, 0xa8, 0xe1, 0xc4, 0xb2, 0x33, 0x1a,
+ 0x16, 0xf3, 0x60, 0x39, 0xdf, 0xb8, 0x85, 0xe7, 0x5d, 0x4d, 0xc2, 0x8d,
+ 0x55, 0x00, 0x49, 0x94, 0x04, 0x17, 0x88, 0x7c, 0xf4, 0xac, 0xa9, 0xc5,
+ 0x3a, 0x09, 0xc4, 0xc2, 0xcd, 0x3d, 0xc3, 0xfc, 0x4e, 0xf3, 0x70, 0xa1,
+ 0xc1, 0x54, 0x36, 0x1f, 0x38, 0x6d, 0x7a, 0x6b, 0x6a, 0xd3, 0x67, 0x04,
+ 0xd5, 0x53, 0xd4, 0xa5, 0xad, 0x63, 0x55, 0x0e, 0x06, 0x06, 0x3a, 0x9a,
+ 0xc5, 0xfe, 0x38, 0xc9, 0xb0, 0x69, 0x42, 0x90, 0x35, 0x1f, 0xe3, 0x1c,
+ 0x57, 0xea, 0xdb, 0x51, 0x35, 0x53, 0xd3, 0x94, 0xfe, 0x72, 0x33, 0xd6,
+ 0x8a, 0x46, 0x74, 0xf9, 0x6e, 0x94, 0x40, 0x2f, 0xba, 0xa2, 0xc4, 0xe9,
+ 0xc9, 0x8a, 0xf4, 0xda, 0xe2, 0xca, 0x3e, 0x98, 0x85, 0xa5, 0xd1, 0x60,
+ 0x94, 0xc8, 0xdf, 0x82, 0xee, 0x5c, 0x0d, 0x2a, 0xa9, 0x8e, 0x26, 0x83,
+ 0x3f, 0x02, 0xa2, 0xaf, 0xb8, 0x3b, 0x83, 0xf2, 0x44, 0x46, 0x41, 0xd7,
+ 0x5c, 0xa1, 0x42, 0x17, 0xa2, 0xd0, 0x50, 0x42, 0xef, 0x66, 0xda, 0x35,
+ 0x03, 0xd1, 0x8e, 0x77, 0x22, 0x7d, 0x4e, 0xf7, 0x4e, 0x04, 0xe3, 0x0f,
+ 0x98, 0x7d, 0xaa, 0x58, 0xba, 0xef, 0x9a, 0xd0, 0x88, 0x7c, 0x98, 0xa0,
+ 0xc2, 0xff, 0xa6, 0xb1, 0xec, 0xbe, 0x6e, 0xb0, 0x7e, 0xc6, 0xe5, 0xaa,
+ 0xcf, 0x10, 0x73, 0xc9, 0x13, 0x1a, 0x20, 0x12, 0x5c, 0xd2, 0x0e, 0xe2,
+ 0x60, 0x17, 0xdf, 0x4a, 0x44, 0x08, 0x22, 0xbc, 0xcd, 0x75, 0xbe, 0xc3,
+ 0x7a, 0x12, 0x90, 0x90, 0xc7, 0x94, 0x4c, 0x98, 0x45, 0x02, 0x5c, 0x24,
+ 0xae, 0x82, 0x2f, 0xcd, 0x30, 0xa6, 0xf5, 0x3f, 0xd3, 0xa7, 0xa6, 0xe6,
+ 0xea, 0x11, 0x4e, 0x45, 0xb7, 0xc0, 0xe6, 0x24, 0x8b, 0x76, 0xc5, 0x5e,
+ 0xc1, 0xd8, 0x07, 0x1e, 0x26, 0x94, 0x7a, 0x80, 0xc6, 0x3b, 0x1f, 0x74,
+ 0xe6, 0xae, 0x43, 0x2d, 0x11, 0xee, 0x96, 0x56, 0x6c, 0xff, 0xcb, 0x3b,
+ 0xde, 0xcc, 0xb3, 0x7b, 0x08, 0xf5, 0x3e, 0x6e, 0x51, 0x71, 0xe0, 0x8a,
+ 0xfa, 0xdd, 0x19, 0x39, 0xcf, 0x3f, 0x29, 0x4f, 0x2d, 0xd2, 0xd4, 0xdc,
+ 0x5c, 0xc4, 0xd1, 0xa7, 0xf5, 0xbf, 0x4a, 0xc0, 0x9b, 0xb4, 0x2b, 0x83,
+ 0x7a, 0x63, 0x4d, 0x20, 0x40, 0x8b, 0x11, 0x5c, 0x53, 0xd4, 0x52, 0x21,
+ 0xe7, 0xe4, 0x1f, 0x01, 0xf6, 0xd1, 0x25, 0x28, 0xba, 0x51, 0x6f, 0x51,
+ 0x69, 0xf4, 0x41, 0x45, 0x75, 0x23, 0x25, 0x77, 0xef, 0xa8, 0x1c, 0x19,
+ 0x8a, 0x66, 0x8c, 0x61, 0x13, 0x37, 0x4f, 0xa3, 0xa1, 0x83, 0x17, 0x35,
+ 0x23, 0x2d, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+ 0x00, 0x05, 0x34, 0x7e, 0x4d, 0x6f, 0x64, 0x75, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x20, 0x73,
+ 0x69, 0x67, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x74, 0x75, 0x72, 0x65, 0x20, 0x61, 0x70, 0x70,
+ 0x65, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x65, 0x64, 0x7e, 0x0a
+};
+unsigned int hi_double_extended_len = 1375;
+
+unsigned char certificate_printable_der[] = {
+ 0x30, 0x82, 0x03, 0x39, 0x30, 0x82, 0x02, 0x21, 0xa0, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01,
+ 0x02, 0x02, 0x09, 0x00, 0xde, 0xf6, 0x22, 0xc4, 0xf2, 0xf1, 0x86, 0x02,
+ 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01,
+ 0x0b, 0x05, 0x00, 0x30, 0x2a, 0x31, 0x28, 0x30, 0x26, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55,
+ 0x04, 0x03, 0x13, 0x1f, 0x52, 0x65, 0x64, 0x20, 0x48, 0x61, 0x74, 0x20,
+ 0x53, 0x65, 0x63, 0x75, 0x72, 0x65, 0x20, 0x42, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x20,
+ 0x43, 0x41, 0x20, 0x32, 0x20, 0x28, 0x62, 0x65, 0x74, 0x61, 0x29, 0x30,
+ 0x1e, 0x17, 0x0d, 0x31, 0x34, 0x31, 0x30, 0x33, 0x31, 0x31, 0x34, 0x31,
+ 0x39, 0x32, 0x33, 0x5a, 0x17, 0x0d, 0x33, 0x37, 0x31, 0x30, 0x32, 0x35,
+ 0x31, 0x34, 0x31, 0x39, 0x32, 0x33, 0x5a, 0x30, 0x2f, 0x31, 0x2d, 0x30,
+ 0x2b, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x03, 0x13, 0x24, 0x52, 0x65, 0x64, 0x20,
+ 0x48, 0x61, 0x74, 0x20, 0x53, 0x65, 0x63, 0x75, 0x72, 0x65, 0x20, 0x42,
+ 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x20, 0x53, 0x69, 0x67, 0x6e, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x20,
+ 0x33, 0x20, 0x28, 0x62, 0x65, 0x74, 0x61, 0x29, 0x30, 0x82, 0x01, 0x22,
+ 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01,
+ 0x01, 0x05, 0x00, 0x03, 0x82, 0x01, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x30, 0x82, 0x01, 0x0a,
+ 0x02, 0x82, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0xbd, 0xda, 0xa1, 0xed, 0x8d, 0x8e, 0x15,
+ 0x5c, 0xf8, 0x01, 0x77, 0x48, 0x4a, 0x60, 0x96, 0xf9, 0x27, 0xfa, 0xe2,
+ 0xb1, 0x69, 0x0f, 0x51, 0x19, 0x52, 0x7e, 0xc4, 0x34, 0x8e, 0xe1, 0x9b,
+ 0x9c, 0xa4, 0xb1, 0x5c, 0xd6, 0x81, 0x98, 0x78, 0xfe, 0xa9, 0xe5, 0x0b,
+ 0x00, 0xba, 0x9c, 0x64, 0x7e, 0xc7, 0xcc, 0x72, 0xb1, 0x73, 0x4b, 0x11,
+ 0x07, 0x52, 0xf0, 0x20, 0x96, 0x8b, 0x99, 0x39, 0xde, 0xdb, 0xfa, 0x3d,
+ 0x45, 0xe2, 0x98, 0x7b, 0x0c, 0x41, 0xe4, 0x0c, 0xb5, 0x5d, 0x92, 0x74,
+ 0x39, 0x96, 0xe1, 0x97, 0x97, 0xa1, 0xad, 0x2e, 0xcc, 0xd0, 0x1b, 0x4d,
+ 0x9d, 0xbd, 0x3e, 0xa9, 0x36, 0x8e, 0xcc, 0xc7, 0x5f, 0x6a, 0x7d, 0x39,
+ 0x5e, 0x0b, 0x8d, 0xca, 0xe4, 0x83, 0xe9, 0x3b, 0x5c, 0x86, 0x47, 0xd4,
+ 0xba, 0x7d, 0x98, 0x26, 0xa1, 0xf4, 0xe8, 0x90, 0x6b, 0x0f, 0xf1, 0x6b,
+ 0x8c, 0xe3, 0xa2, 0x80, 0x3c, 0x96, 0xf1, 0x0a, 0xb6, 0x66, 0xc0, 0x4b,
+ 0x61, 0xf7, 0x74, 0xcd, 0xd3, 0x7b, 0x8e, 0x5e, 0x39, 0xda, 0x99, 0x20,
+ 0x33, 0x93, 0xd3, 0xf0, 0x7f, 0xad, 0x35, 0xe9, 0x88, 0x8d, 0x9c, 0xbf,
+ 0x65, 0xf1, 0x47, 0x02, 0xf9, 0x7c, 0xed, 0x27, 0x5f, 0x4a, 0x65, 0x3c,
+ 0xcf, 0x5f, 0x0e, 0x88, 0x95, 0x74, 0xde, 0xfb, 0x9e, 0x2e, 0x91, 0x9b,
+ 0x45, 0x37, 0xc8, 0x85, 0xff, 0xe3, 0x41, 0x70, 0xfe, 0xd5, 0xef, 0x0e,
+ 0x82, 0x22, 0x08, 0xb7, 0x3b, 0x44, 0x3e, 0xdc, 0x5b, 0x7f, 0xba, 0xbf,
+ 0xe6, 0x58, 0x9d, 0x02, 0x6e, 0x75, 0xbf, 0x50, 0xec, 0xcf, 0x3f, 0xa5,
+ 0x91, 0x0a, 0xe2, 0x59, 0x2c, 0xc3, 0xe7, 0x05, 0x03, 0xe8, 0xf2, 0x6f,
+ 0x2a, 0x04, 0x68, 0x9a, 0x31, 0x32, 0x8f, 0x04, 0x35, 0xcd, 0x1f, 0x34,
+ 0xcc, 0x4f, 0x79, 0x5a, 0x99, 0x8d, 0x9d, 0x5c, 0xf5, 0x02, 0x03, 0x01,
+ 0x00, 0x01, 0xa3, 0x5d, 0x30, 0x5b, 0x30, 0x0c, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d,
+ 0x13, 0x01, 0x01, 0xff, 0x04, 0x02, 0x30, 0x00, 0x30, 0x0b, 0x06, 0x03,
+ 0x55, 0x1d, 0x0f, 0x04, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x07, 0x80, 0x30, 0x1d, 0x06,
+ 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x0e, 0x04, 0x16, 0x04, 0x14, 0x65, 0xc5, 0xbe, 0xca,
+ 0xe6, 0x59, 0x6a, 0xfd, 0x6c, 0x71, 0xc4, 0xa7, 0x98, 0xc6, 0x25, 0x8d,
+ 0x7b, 0x67, 0x05, 0xd0, 0x30, 0x1f, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x23, 0x04,
+ 0x18, 0x30, 0x16, 0x80, 0x14, 0x81, 0xf8, 0xee, 0x47, 0x5c, 0x3e, 0xed,
+ 0xfb, 0xce, 0xa5, 0x84, 0xbe, 0xd7, 0xae, 0xdb, 0xd3, 0x7d, 0x64, 0xb3,
+ 0x2a, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01,
+ 0x01, 0x0b, 0x05, 0x00, 0x03, 0x82, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x66, 0x1e, 0x3d,
+ 0x1d, 0x53, 0x33, 0xde, 0x4e, 0xc7, 0xc4, 0xf4, 0xdf, 0xda, 0x18, 0x19,
+ 0x8a, 0xa9, 0xff, 0xe2, 0x63, 0x2b, 0xbe, 0xf2, 0x61, 0x63, 0xe2, 0xf6,
+ 0xed, 0x47, 0x1a, 0x71, 0x02, 0xec, 0x2a, 0xef, 0x89, 0x77, 0xe3, 0xfd,
+ 0x86, 0x69, 0xf1, 0x3f, 0x0d, 0xf9, 0x6e, 0xf9, 0x3b, 0xad, 0x26, 0x47,
+ 0xb7, 0xf2, 0x0d, 0xad, 0x23, 0xa3, 0x67, 0x3b, 0xcb, 0x6d, 0x9e, 0x03,
+ 0x0f, 0xbc, 0x69, 0x73, 0x9f, 0xd4, 0xa5, 0x0f, 0x6f, 0xf8, 0xab, 0x4d,
+ 0x36, 0xd1, 0xe0, 0xe0, 0x5d, 0x20, 0x43, 0x90, 0xc4, 0x65, 0x61, 0x93,
+ 0xe2, 0x0f, 0x51, 0x59, 0x0a, 0xf7, 0x88, 0x70, 0x57, 0xb9, 0x04, 0xa9,
+ 0x32, 0x57, 0x9c, 0xb3, 0x57, 0x38, 0x8b, 0x8e, 0x46, 0xc8, 0x32, 0x6c,
+ 0xb4, 0xf3, 0x96, 0x7f, 0x4b, 0xf0, 0x88, 0xf9, 0x7f, 0xe2, 0x71, 0xe1,
+ 0x8b, 0xe2, 0x14, 0xf1, 0x4b, 0x25, 0x00, 0x48, 0x1c, 0x7e, 0xe5, 0x8d,
+ 0x65, 0x2d, 0xeb, 0x72, 0x4f, 0x92, 0x44, 0xf3, 0xe6, 0xe0, 0xd0, 0xdf,
+ 0x85, 0xa8, 0x13, 0x4a, 0xfb, 0x99, 0xca, 0x14, 0x2c, 0x97, 0x80, 0x93,
+ 0x27, 0xd3, 0x20, 0xf8, 0x6d, 0x29, 0x28, 0x2c, 0xb9, 0x77, 0xea, 0xb1,
+ 0x63, 0xbd, 0x7d, 0x53, 0xfd, 0x4a, 0x62, 0x64, 0x0b, 0x98, 0xa8, 0xae,
+ 0x11, 0xfc, 0x6e, 0x8d, 0x63, 0xd4, 0x15, 0x55, 0xc6, 0x4c, 0x74, 0xf5,
+ 0x5f, 0xa0, 0xb9, 0x2c, 0x2d, 0x9a, 0x7a, 0x87, 0x6e, 0xf0, 0x5e, 0x25,
+ 0xed, 0xfc, 0xd8, 0xc4, 0x34, 0x33, 0x32, 0xad, 0x01, 0xd4, 0x4b, 0x49,
+ 0x51, 0xc2, 0x07, 0x7f, 0x90, 0x6d, 0xea, 0xf5, 0x4c, 0x41, 0x71, 0x64,
+ 0xeb, 0x1f, 0x29, 0xa3, 0x1f, 0x64, 0xa2, 0x1e, 0x0e, 0x6f, 0xa1, 0x67,
+ 0x99, 0x8d, 0x98, 0x1c, 0xb8, 0x53, 0x9d, 0x30, 0x1d, 0xae, 0x32, 0x56,
+ 0xd2
+};
+unsigned int certificate_printable_der_len = 829;
+
+unsigned char certificate_eku_der[] = {
+ 0x30, 0x82, 0x03, 0x90, 0x30, 0x82, 0x02, 0x78, 0xa0, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01,
+ 0x02, 0x02, 0x09, 0x00, 0xd3, 0x9c, 0x41, 0x33, 0xdd, 0x6b, 0x5f, 0x45,
+ 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01,
+ 0x0b, 0x05, 0x00, 0x30, 0x47, 0x31, 0x21, 0x30, 0x1f, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55,
+ 0x04, 0x03, 0x0c, 0x18, 0x52, 0x65, 0x64, 0x20, 0x48, 0x61, 0x74, 0x20,
+ 0x53, 0x65, 0x63, 0x75, 0x72, 0x65, 0x20, 0x42, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x20,
+ 0x43, 0x41, 0x20, 0x36, 0x31, 0x22, 0x30, 0x20, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86,
+ 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x09, 0x01, 0x16, 0x13, 0x73, 0x65, 0x63,
+ 0x61, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x72, 0x74, 0x40, 0x72, 0x65, 0x64, 0x68, 0x61, 0x74,
+ 0x2e, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x30, 0x1e, 0x17, 0x0d, 0x32, 0x31, 0x30, 0x32,
+ 0x31, 0x35, 0x31, 0x34, 0x30, 0x30, 0x34, 0x34, 0x5a, 0x17, 0x0d, 0x33,
+ 0x38, 0x30, 0x31, 0x31, 0x37, 0x31, 0x34, 0x30, 0x30, 0x34, 0x34, 0x5a,
+ 0x30, 0x4e, 0x31, 0x28, 0x30, 0x26, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x03, 0x0c,
+ 0x1f, 0x52, 0x65, 0x64, 0x20, 0x48, 0x61, 0x74, 0x20, 0x53, 0x65, 0x63,
+ 0x75, 0x72, 0x65, 0x20, 0x42, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x20, 0x53, 0x69, 0x67,
+ 0x6e, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x20, 0x36, 0x30, 0x32, 0x31, 0x22, 0x30, 0x20,
+ 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x09, 0x01, 0x16,
+ 0x13, 0x73, 0x65, 0x63, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x72, 0x74, 0x40, 0x72, 0x65,
+ 0x64, 0x68, 0x61, 0x74, 0x2e, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x30, 0x82, 0x01, 0x22,
+ 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01,
+ 0x01, 0x05, 0x00, 0x03, 0x82, 0x01, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x30, 0x82, 0x01, 0x0a,
+ 0x02, 0x82, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0xaa, 0x6f, 0xbb, 0x92, 0x77, 0xd7, 0x15,
+ 0xef, 0x88, 0x80, 0x88, 0xc0, 0xe7, 0x89, 0xeb, 0x35, 0x76, 0xf4, 0x85,
+ 0x05, 0x0f, 0x19, 0xe4, 0x5f, 0x25, 0xdd, 0xc1, 0xa2, 0xe5, 0x5c, 0x06,
+ 0xfb, 0xf1, 0x06, 0xb5, 0x65, 0x45, 0xcb, 0xbd, 0x19, 0x33, 0x54, 0xb5,
+ 0x1a, 0xcd, 0xe4, 0xa8, 0x35, 0x2a, 0xfe, 0x9c, 0x53, 0xf4, 0xc6, 0x76,
+ 0xdb, 0x1f, 0x8a, 0xd4, 0x7b, 0x18, 0x11, 0xaf, 0xa3, 0x90, 0xd4, 0xdd,
+ 0x4d, 0xd5, 0x42, 0xcc, 0x14, 0x9a, 0x64, 0x6b, 0xc0, 0x7f, 0xaa, 0x1c,
+ 0x94, 0x47, 0x4d, 0x79, 0xbd, 0x57, 0x9a, 0xbf, 0x99, 0x4e, 0x96, 0xa9,
+ 0x31, 0x2c, 0xa9, 0xe7, 0x14, 0x65, 0x86, 0xc8, 0xac, 0x79, 0x5e, 0x78,
+ 0xa4, 0x3c, 0x00, 0x24, 0xd3, 0xf7, 0xe1, 0xf5, 0x12, 0xad, 0xa0, 0x29,
+ 0xe5, 0xfe, 0x80, 0xae, 0xf8, 0xaa, 0x60, 0x36, 0xe7, 0xe8, 0x94, 0xcb,
+ 0xe9, 0xd1, 0xcc, 0x0b, 0x4d, 0xf7, 0xde, 0xeb, 0x52, 0xd2, 0x73, 0x09,
+ 0x28, 0xdf, 0x48, 0x99, 0x53, 0x9f, 0xc5, 0x9a, 0xd4, 0x36, 0xa3, 0xc6,
+ 0x5e, 0x8d, 0xbe, 0xd5, 0xdc, 0x76, 0xb4, 0x74, 0xb8, 0x26, 0x18, 0x27,
+ 0xfb, 0xf2, 0xfb, 0xd0, 0x9b, 0x3d, 0x7f, 0x10, 0xe2, 0xab, 0x44, 0xc7,
+ 0x88, 0x7f, 0xb4, 0x3d, 0x3e, 0xa3, 0xff, 0x6d, 0x06, 0x4b, 0x3e, 0x55,
+ 0xb2, 0x84, 0xf4, 0xad, 0x54, 0x88, 0x81, 0xc3, 0x9c, 0xf8, 0xb6, 0x68,
+ 0x96, 0x38, 0x8b, 0xcd, 0x90, 0x6d, 0x25, 0x4b, 0xbf, 0x0c, 0x44, 0x90,
+ 0xa5, 0x5b, 0x98, 0xd0, 0x40, 0x2f, 0xbb, 0x0d, 0xa8, 0x4b, 0x8a, 0x62,
+ 0x82, 0x46, 0x46, 0x18, 0x38, 0xae, 0x82, 0x07, 0xd0, 0xb4, 0x2f, 0x16,
+ 0x79, 0x55, 0x9f, 0x1b, 0xc5, 0x08, 0x6d, 0x85, 0xdf, 0x3f, 0xa9, 0x9b,
+ 0x4b, 0xc6, 0x28, 0xd3, 0x58, 0x72, 0x3d, 0x37, 0x11, 0x02, 0x03, 0x01,
+ 0x00, 0x01, 0xa3, 0x78, 0x30, 0x76, 0x30, 0x0c, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d,
+ 0x13, 0x01, 0x01, 0xff, 0x04, 0x02, 0x30, 0x00, 0x30, 0x0e, 0x06, 0x03,
+ 0x55, 0x1d, 0x0f, 0x01, 0x01, 0xff, 0x04, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x07, 0x80,
+ 0x30, 0x16, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x25, 0x01, 0x01, 0xff, 0x04, 0x0c,
+ 0x30, 0x0a, 0x06, 0x08, 0x2b, 0x06, 0x01, 0x05, 0x05, 0x07, 0x03, 0x03,
+ 0x30, 0x1d, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x0e, 0x04, 0x16, 0x04, 0x14, 0x6c,
+ 0xe4, 0x6c, 0x27, 0xaa, 0xcd, 0x0d, 0x4b, 0x74, 0x21, 0xa4, 0xf6, 0x5f,
+ 0x87, 0xb5, 0x31, 0xfe, 0x10, 0xbb, 0xa7, 0x30, 0x1f, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55,
+ 0x1d, 0x23, 0x04, 0x18, 0x30, 0x16, 0x80, 0x14, 0xe8, 0x6a, 0x1c, 0xab,
+ 0x2c, 0x48, 0xf9, 0x60, 0x36, 0xa2, 0xf0, 0x7b, 0x8e, 0xd2, 0x9d, 0xb4,
+ 0x2a, 0x28, 0x98, 0xc8, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86,
+ 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x0b, 0x05, 0x00, 0x03, 0x82, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00,
+ 0x55, 0x34, 0xe2, 0xfa, 0xf6, 0x89, 0x86, 0xad, 0x92, 0x21, 0xec, 0xb9,
+ 0x54, 0x0e, 0x18, 0x47, 0x0d, 0x1b, 0xa7, 0x58, 0xad, 0x69, 0xe4, 0xef,
+ 0x3b, 0xe6, 0x8d, 0xdd, 0xda, 0x0c, 0x45, 0xf6, 0xe8, 0x96, 0xa4, 0x29,
+ 0x0f, 0xbb, 0xcf, 0x16, 0xae, 0x93, 0xd0, 0xcb, 0x2a, 0x26, 0x1a, 0x7b,
+ 0xfc, 0x51, 0x22, 0x76, 0x98, 0x31, 0xa7, 0x0f, 0x29, 0x35, 0x79, 0xbf,
+ 0xe2, 0x4f, 0x0f, 0x14, 0xf5, 0x1f, 0xcb, 0xbf, 0x87, 0x65, 0x13, 0x32,
+ 0xa3, 0x19, 0x4a, 0xd1, 0x3f, 0x45, 0xd4, 0x4b, 0xe2, 0x00, 0x26, 0xa9,
+ 0x3e, 0xd7, 0xa5, 0x37, 0x9f, 0xf5, 0xad, 0x61, 0xe2, 0x40, 0xa9, 0x74,
+ 0x24, 0x53, 0xf2, 0x78, 0xeb, 0x10, 0x9b, 0x2c, 0x27, 0x88, 0x46, 0xcb,
+ 0xe4, 0x60, 0xca, 0xf5, 0x06, 0x24, 0x40, 0x2a, 0x97, 0x3a, 0xcc, 0xd0,
+ 0x81, 0xb1, 0x15, 0xa3, 0x4f, 0xd0, 0x2b, 0x4f, 0xca, 0x6e, 0xaa, 0x24,
+ 0x31, 0xb3, 0xac, 0xa6, 0x75, 0x05, 0xfe, 0x8a, 0xf4, 0x41, 0xc4, 0x06,
+ 0x8a, 0xc7, 0x0a, 0x83, 0x4e, 0x49, 0xd4, 0x3f, 0x83, 0x50, 0xec, 0x57,
+ 0x04, 0x97, 0x14, 0x49, 0xf5, 0xe1, 0xb1, 0x7a, 0x9c, 0x09, 0x4f, 0x61,
+ 0x87, 0xc3, 0x97, 0x22, 0x17, 0xc2, 0xeb, 0xcc, 0x32, 0x81, 0x31, 0x21,
+ 0x3f, 0x10, 0x57, 0x5b, 0x43, 0xbe, 0xcd, 0x68, 0x82, 0xbe, 0xe5, 0xc1,
+ 0x65, 0x94, 0x7e, 0xc2, 0x34, 0x76, 0x2b, 0xcf, 0x89, 0x3c, 0x2b, 0x81,
+ 0x23, 0x72, 0x95, 0xcf, 0xc9, 0x67, 0x19, 0x2a, 0xd5, 0x5c, 0xca, 0xa3,
+ 0x46, 0xbd, 0x48, 0x06, 0x0b, 0xa6, 0xa3, 0x96, 0x50, 0x28, 0xc7, 0x7e,
+ 0xcf, 0x62, 0xf2, 0xfa, 0xc4, 0xf2, 0x53, 0xe3, 0xc9, 0xe8, 0x2e, 0xdd,
+ 0x29, 0x37, 0x07, 0x47, 0xff, 0xff, 0x8a, 0x32, 0xbd, 0xa2, 0xb7, 0x21,
+ 0x89, 0xa0, 0x55, 0xf7
+};
+unsigned int certificate_eku_der_len = 916;
diff --git a/grub-core/tests/lib/functional_test.c b/grub-core/tests/lib/functional_test.c
index 38e981f2c..e71f53758 100644
--- a/grub-core/tests/lib/functional_test.c
+++ b/grub-core/tests/lib/functional_test.c
@@ -73,6 +73,11 @@ grub_functional_all_tests (grub_extcmd_context_t ctxt __attribute__ ((unused)),
grub_dl_load ("xnu_uuid_test");
grub_dl_load ("pbkdf2_test");
grub_dl_load ("signature_test");
+
+#if defined(__powerpc__)
+ grub_dl_load ("appended_signature_test");
+#endif
+
grub_dl_load ("sleep_test");
grub_dl_load ("bswap_test");
grub_dl_load ("ctz_test");
--
2.39.5 (Apple Git-154)
_______________________________________________
Grub-devel mailing list
Grub-devel@gnu.org
https://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/grub-devel
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 27+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v4 14/23] appended signatures: Documentation
2025-07-09 11:45 [PATCH v4 00/23] Appended Signature Secure Boot Support for PowerPC Sudhakar Kuppusamy
` (12 preceding siblings ...)
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 13/23] appended signatures: Verification tests Sudhakar Kuppusamy
@ 2025-07-09 11:45 ` Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 15/23] ieee1275: Enter lockdown based on /ibm,secure-boot Sudhakar Kuppusamy
` (8 subsequent siblings)
22 siblings, 0 replies; 27+ messages in thread
From: Sudhakar Kuppusamy @ 2025-07-09 11:45 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: grub-devel
Cc: jan.setjeeilers, julian.klode, mate.kukri, pjones, msuchanek,
mlewando, nayna, ltcgcw, ssrish, stefanb, avnish, Daniel Axtens,
Sudhakar Kuppusamy
From: Daniel Axtens <dja@axtens.net>
This explains how appended signatures can be used to form part of
a secure boot chain, and documents the commands and variables
introduced.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Axtens <dja@axtens.net>
Signed-off-by: Sudhakar Kuppusamy <sudhakar@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Berger <stefanb@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Avnish Chouhan <avnish@linux.ibm.com>
---
docs/grub.texi | 189 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
1 file changed, 168 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)
diff --git a/docs/grub.texi b/docs/grub.texi
index d594e29bd..cfa5d5c0b 100644
--- a/docs/grub.texi
+++ b/docs/grub.texi
@@ -3281,6 +3281,7 @@ These variables have special meaning to GRUB.
@menu
* biosnum::
+* check_appended_signatures::
* check_signatures::
* chosen::
* cmdpath::
@@ -3343,12 +3344,16 @@ this.
For an alternative approach which also changes BIOS drive mappings for the
chain-loaded system, @pxref{drivemap}.
+@node check_appended_signatures
+@subsection check_appended_signatures
+This variable controls whether GRUB enforces appended signature validation on
+loaded vmlinux file. @xref{Using appended signatures}.
@node check_signatures
@subsection check_signatures
-This variable controls whether GRUB enforces digital signature
-validation on loaded files. @xref{Using digital signatures}.
+This variable controls whether GRUB enforces GPG-style digital signature
+validation on loaded files. @xref{Using GPG-style digital signatures}.
@node chosen
@subsection chosen
@@ -6414,6 +6419,10 @@ you forget a command, you can run the command @command{help}
@menu
* [:: Check file types and compare values
* acpi:: Load ACPI tables
+* append_add_db_cert:: Add an X.509 certificate to the db list
+* append_list_db:: List trusted certificates from the db list
+* append_rm_dbx_cert:: Remove a certificate from the db list
+* append_verify:: Verify appended digital signature using db list
* authenticate:: Check whether user is in user list
* background_color:: Set background color for active terminal
* background_image:: Load background image for active terminal
@@ -6535,6 +6544,68 @@ Note: The command is not allowed when lockdown is enforced (@pxref{Lockdown}).
unsigned code.
@end deffn
+@node append_add_db_cert
+@subsection append_add_db_cert
+
+@deffn Command append_add_db_cert X509_certificate
+Read a DER-formatted X.509 certificate from the file @var{X509_certificate}
+and add it to GRUB's internal db list of trusted X.509 certificates. These
+certificates are used to validate appended signatures when the environment
+variable @code{check_appended_signatures} is set to @code{enforce}.
+
+Note that if @code{check_appended_signatures} is set to @code{enforce}
+when @command{append_add_db_cert} is executed, then @var{X509_certificate}
+must itself bear an appended signature. (It is not sufficient that
+@var{X509_certificate} be signed by a trusted certificate according to the
+X.509 rules: GRUB does not include support for validating signatures within X.509
+certificates themselves.)
+
+See @xref{Using appended signatures} for more information.
+@end deffn
+
+@node append_list_db
+@subsection append_list_db
+
+@deffn Command append_list_db
+List all X.509 certificates trusted by GRUB for validating appended signatures.
+The output is a numbered list of certificates, showing the certificate's serial
+number and Common Name.
+
+The certificate number can be used as an argument to
+@command{append_rm_dbx_cert} (@pxref{append_rm_dbx_cert}).
+
+See @xref{Using appended signatures} for more information.
+@end deffn
+
+@node append_rm_dbx_cert
+@subsection append_rm_dbx_cert
+
+@deffn Command append_rm_dbx_cert cert_number
+Remove the X.509 certificate numbered @var{cert_number} from GRUB's keyring of
+db for verifying appended signatures.
+
+@var{cert_number} is the certificate number as listed by
+@command{append_list_db} (@pxref{append_list_db}).
+
+These certificates are used to validate appended signatures when environment
+variable @code{check_appended_signatures} is set to @code{enforce}
+(@pxref{check_appended_signatures}), and by @command{append_verify}
+(@pxref{append_verify}). See @xref{Using appended signatures} for more
+information.
+@end deffn
+
+@node append_verify
+@subsection append_verify
+
+@deffn Command append_verify file
+Verifies an appended signature on @var{file} against the trusted X.509 certificates
+known to GRUB (See @pxref{append_list_db}, @pxref{append_add_db_cert}, and
+@pxref{append_rm_dbx_cert}).
+Exit code @code{$?} is set to 0 if the signature validates
+successfully. If validation fails, it is set to a non-zero value.
+
+See @xref{Using appended signatures}, for more information.
+@end deffn
@node authenticate
@subsection authenticate
@@ -6854,7 +6925,7 @@ These keys are used to validate signatures when environment variable
@code{check_signatures} is set to @code{enforce}
(@pxref{check_signatures}), and by some invocations of
@command{verify_detached} (@pxref{verify_detached}). @xref{Using
-digital signatures}, for more information.
+GPG-style digital signatures}, for more information.
@end deffn
@node drivemap
@@ -7250,7 +7321,6 @@ without any options, the @command{keystatus} command returns true if and
only if checking key modifier status is supported.
@end deffn
-
@node list_env
@subsection list_env
@@ -7270,7 +7340,7 @@ The output is in GPG's v4 key fingerprint format (i.e., the output of
@code{gpg --fingerprint}). The least significant four bytes (last
eight hexadecimal digits) can be used as an argument to
@command{distrust} (@pxref{distrust}).
-@xref{Using digital signatures}, for more information about uses for
+@xref{Using GPG-style digital signatures}, for more information about uses for
these keys.
@end deffn
@@ -7305,8 +7375,11 @@ When used with care, @option{--skip-sig} and the whitelist enable an
administrator to configure a system to boot only signed
configurations, but to allow the user to select from among multiple
configurations, and to enable ``one-shot'' boot attempts and
-``savedefault'' behavior. @xref{Using digital signatures}, for more
+``savedefault'' behavior. @xref{Using GPG-style digital signatures}, for more
information.
+Extra care should be taken when combining this command with appended signatures
+(@pxref{Using appended signatures}), as this file is not validated by an
+appended signature and could set @code{check_appended_signatures=no}.
@end deffn
@@ -7677,7 +7750,7 @@ read. It is possible to modify a digitally signed environment block
file from within GRUB using this command, such that its signature will
no longer be valid on subsequent boots. Care should be taken in such
advanced configurations to avoid rendering the system
-unbootable. @xref{Using digital signatures}, for more information.
+unbootable. @xref{Using GPG-style digital signatures}, for more information.
@end deffn
@@ -8167,11 +8240,10 @@ signatures when environment variable @code{check_signatures} is set to
must itself be properly signed. The @option{--skip-sig} option can be
used to disable signature-checking when reading @var{pubkey_file}
itself. It is expected that @option{--skip-sig} is useful for testing
-and manual booting. @xref{Using digital signatures}, for more
+and manual booting. @xref{Using GPG-style digital signatures}, for more
information.
@end deffn
-
@node unset
@subsection unset
@@ -8190,7 +8262,6 @@ only on PC BIOS platforms.
@end deffn
@end ignore
-
@node verify_detached
@subsection verify_detached
@@ -8208,7 +8279,7 @@ tried.
Exit code @code{$?} is set to 0 if the signature validates
successfully. If validation fails, it is set to a non-zero value.
-@xref{Using digital signatures}, for more information.
+@xref{Using GPG-style digital signatures}, for more information.
@end deffn
@node videoinfo
@@ -8668,14 +8739,15 @@ environment variables and commands are listed in the same order.
@chapter Security
@menu
-* Authentication and authorisation:: Users and access control
-* Using digital signatures:: Booting digitally signed code
-* UEFI secure boot and shim:: Booting digitally signed PE files
-* Secure Boot Advanced Targeting:: Embedded information for generation number based revocation
-* Measured Boot:: Measuring boot components
-* Lockdown:: Lockdown when booting on a secure setup
-* TPM2 key protector:: Managing disk key with TPM2 key protector
-* Signing GRUB itself:: Ensuring the integrity of the GRUB core image
+* Authentication and authorisation:: Users and access control
+* Using GPG-style digital signatures:: Booting digitally signed code
+* Using appended signatures:: An alternative approach to booting digitally signed code
+* UEFI secure boot and shim:: Booting digitally signed PE files
+* Secure Boot Advanced Targeting:: Embedded information for generation number based revocation
+* Measured Boot:: Measuring boot components
+* Lockdown:: Lockdown when booting on a secure setup
+* TPM2 key protector:: Managing disk key with TPM2 key protector
+* Signing GRUB itself:: Ensuring the integrity of the GRUB core image
@end menu
@node Authentication and authorisation
@@ -8751,8 +8823,8 @@ generating configuration files with authentication. You can use
adding @kbd{set superusers=} and @kbd{password} or @kbd{password_pbkdf2}
commands.
-@node Using digital signatures
-@section Using digital signatures in GRUB
+@node Using GPG-style digital signatures
+@section Using GPG-style digital signatures in GRUB
GRUB's @file{core.img} can optionally provide enforcement that all files
subsequently read from disk are covered by a valid digital signature.
@@ -8835,6 +8907,81 @@ or BIOS) configuration to cause the machine to boot from a different
(attacker-controlled) device. GRUB is at best only one link in a
secure boot chain.
+@node Using appended signatures
+@section Using appended signatures in GRUB
+
+GRUB supports verifying Linux-style 'appended signatures' for secure boot.
+Appended signatures are PKCS#7 messages containing a signature over the
+contents of a file, plus some metadata, appended to the end of a file. A file
+with an appended signature ends with the magic string:
+
+@example
+~Module signature appended~\n
+@end example
+
+where @code{\n} represents the line feed character, @code{0x0a}.
+
+To enable appended signature verification, load the appendedsig module and an
+x509 certificate for verification. Building the appendedsig module into the
+core grub image is recommended.
+
+Certificates can be managed at boot time using the @pxref{append_add_db_cert},
+@pxref{append_rm_dbx_cert} and @pxref{append_list_db} commands.
+Certificates can also be built in to the core image using the @code{--x509}
+parameter to @command{grub-install} or @command{grub-mkimage}.
+A file can be explicitly verified using the @pxref{append_verify} command.
+
+Only signatures made with the SHA-256 or SHA-512 hash algorithm are supported,
+and only RSA signatures are supported.
+
+A file can be signed with the @command{sign-file} utility supplied with the
+Linux kernel source. For example, if you have @code{signing.key} as the private
+key and @code{certificate.der} as the x509 certificate containing the public key:
+
+@example
+sign-file SHA256 signing.key certificate.der vmlinux vmlinux.signed
+@end example
+
+Enforcement of signature verification is controlled by the
+@code{check_appended_signatures} variable. Verification will only take place
+when files are loaded if the variable is set to @code{enforce}. If a
+certificate is built into the grub core image with the @code{--x509} parameter,
+the variable will be automatically set to @code{enforce} when the appendedsig
+module is loaded.
+
+Unlike GPG-style signatures, not all files loaded by GRUB are required to be
+signed. Once verification is turned on, the following file types must carry
+appended signatures:
+
+@enumerate
+@item Linux, Multiboot, BSD, XNU and Plan9 kernels
+@item Grub modules, except those built in to the core image
+@item Any new certificate files to be trusted
+@end enumerate
+
+ACPI tables and Device Tree images will not be checked for appended signatures
+but must be verified by another mechanism such as GPG-style signatures before
+they will be loaded.
+
+No attempt is made to validate any other file type. In particular,
+chain-loaded binaries are not verified - if your platform supports
+chain-loading and this cannot be disabled, consider an alternative secure
+boot mechanism.
+
+As with GPG-style appended signatures, signature checking does @strong{not}
+stop an attacker with console access from dropping manually to the GRUB
+console and executing:
+
+@example
+set check_appended_signatures=no
+@end example
+
+Refer to the section on password-protecting GRUB (@pxref{Authentication
+and authorisation}) for more information on preventing this.
+
+Additionally, special care must be taken around the @command{loadenv} command,
+which can be used to turn off @code{check_appended_signature}.
+
@node UEFI secure boot and shim
@section UEFI secure boot and shim support
--
2.39.5 (Apple Git-154)
_______________________________________________
Grub-devel mailing list
Grub-devel@gnu.org
https://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/grub-devel
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 27+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v4 15/23] ieee1275: Enter lockdown based on /ibm,secure-boot
2025-07-09 11:45 [PATCH v4 00/23] Appended Signature Secure Boot Support for PowerPC Sudhakar Kuppusamy
` (13 preceding siblings ...)
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 14/23] appended signatures: Documentation Sudhakar Kuppusamy
@ 2025-07-09 11:45 ` Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 16/23] ieee1275: Read the DB and DBX secure boot variables Sudhakar Kuppusamy
` (7 subsequent siblings)
22 siblings, 0 replies; 27+ messages in thread
From: Sudhakar Kuppusamy @ 2025-07-09 11:45 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: grub-devel
Cc: jan.setjeeilers, julian.klode, mate.kukri, pjones, msuchanek,
mlewando, nayna, ltcgcw, ssrish, stefanb, avnish, Daniel Axtens,
Sudhakar Kuppusamy, Daniel Kiper
From: Daniel Axtens <dja@axtens.net>
If the 'ibm,secure-boot' property of the root node is 2 or greater,
enter lockdown.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Axtens <dja@axtens.net>
Signed-off-by: Sudhakar Kuppusamy <sudhakar@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Berger <stefanb@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Avnish Chouhan <avnish@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
---
docs/grub.texi | 2 +-
grub-core/Makefile.core.def | 1 +
grub-core/kern/ieee1275/init.c | 42 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
include/grub/lockdown.h | 3 ++-
4 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
diff --git a/docs/grub.texi b/docs/grub.texi
index cfa5d5c0b..67930f63d 100644
--- a/docs/grub.texi
+++ b/docs/grub.texi
@@ -9060,7 +9060,7 @@ platforms.
@section Lockdown when booting on a secure setup
The GRUB can be locked down when booted on a secure boot environment, for example
-if the UEFI secure boot is enabled. On a locked down configuration, the GRUB will
+if the UEFI or Power secure boot is enabled. On a locked down configuration, the GRUB will
be restricted and some operations/commands cannot be executed. This also includes
limiting which filesystems are supported to those thought to be more robust and
widely used within GRUB.
diff --git a/grub-core/Makefile.core.def b/grub-core/Makefile.core.def
index 4113cb0ef..214856b5a 100644
--- a/grub-core/Makefile.core.def
+++ b/grub-core/Makefile.core.def
@@ -331,6 +331,7 @@ kernel = {
powerpc_ieee1275 = kern/powerpc/cache.S;
powerpc_ieee1275 = kern/powerpc/dl.c;
powerpc_ieee1275 = kern/powerpc/compiler-rt.S;
+ powerpc_ieee1275 = kern/lockdown.c;
sparc64_ieee1275 = kern/sparc64/cache.S;
sparc64_ieee1275 = kern/sparc64/dl.c;
diff --git a/grub-core/kern/ieee1275/init.c b/grub-core/kern/ieee1275/init.c
index a5586f85b..f19d5cda9 100644
--- a/grub-core/kern/ieee1275/init.c
+++ b/grub-core/kern/ieee1275/init.c
@@ -49,6 +49,9 @@
#if defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__i386__)
#include <grub/ieee1275/alloc.h>
#endif
+#if defined(__powerpc__)
+#include <grub/lockdown.h>
+#endif
/* The maximum heap size we're going to claim at boot. Not used by sparc. */
#ifdef __i386__
@@ -995,6 +998,41 @@ grub_parse_cmdline (void)
}
}
+#ifdef __powerpc__
+static void
+grub_get_ieee1275_secure_boot (void)
+{
+ grub_ieee1275_phandle_t root;
+ int rc;
+ grub_uint32_t is_sb;
+
+ rc = grub_ieee1275_finddevice ("/", &root);
+ if (rc != 0)
+ {
+ grub_error (GRUB_ERR_UNKNOWN_DEVICE, "couldn't find / node");
+ return;
+ }
+
+ rc = grub_ieee1275_get_integer_property (root, "ibm,secure-boot", &is_sb, sizeof (is_sb), 0);
+ if (rc != 0)
+ {
+ grub_error (GRUB_ERR_UNKNOWN_DEVICE, "couldn't examine /ibm,secure-boot property");
+ return;
+ }
+ /*
+ * ibm,secure-boot:
+ * 0 - disabled
+ * 1 - audit
+ * 2 - enforce
+ * 3 - enforce + OS-specific behaviour
+ *
+ * We only support enforce.
+ */
+ if (is_sb >= 2)
+ grub_lockdown ();
+}
+#endif
+
grub_addr_t grub_modbase;
void
@@ -1020,6 +1058,10 @@ grub_machine_init (void)
#else
grub_install_get_time_ms (grub_rtc_get_time_ms);
#endif
+
+#ifdef __powerpc__
+ grub_get_ieee1275_secure_boot ();
+#endif
}
void
diff --git a/include/grub/lockdown.h b/include/grub/lockdown.h
index 40531fa82..ebfee4bf0 100644
--- a/include/grub/lockdown.h
+++ b/include/grub/lockdown.h
@@ -24,7 +24,8 @@
#define GRUB_LOCKDOWN_DISABLED 0
#define GRUB_LOCKDOWN_ENABLED 1
-#ifdef GRUB_MACHINE_EFI
+#if defined(GRUB_MACHINE_EFI) || \
+ (defined(__powerpc__) && defined(GRUB_MACHINE_IEEE1275))
extern void
EXPORT_FUNC (grub_lockdown) (void);
extern int
--
2.39.5 (Apple Git-154)
_______________________________________________
Grub-devel mailing list
Grub-devel@gnu.org
https://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/grub-devel
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 27+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v4 16/23] ieee1275: Read the DB and DBX secure boot variables
2025-07-09 11:45 [PATCH v4 00/23] Appended Signature Secure Boot Support for PowerPC Sudhakar Kuppusamy
` (14 preceding siblings ...)
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 15/23] ieee1275: Enter lockdown based on /ibm,secure-boot Sudhakar Kuppusamy
@ 2025-07-09 11:45 ` Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 17/23] appendedsig: create db and dbx lists Sudhakar Kuppusamy
` (6 subsequent siblings)
22 siblings, 0 replies; 27+ messages in thread
From: Sudhakar Kuppusamy @ 2025-07-09 11:45 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: grub-devel
Cc: jan.setjeeilers, julian.klode, mate.kukri, pjones, msuchanek,
mlewando, nayna, ltcgcw, ssrish, stefanb, avnish,
Sudhakar Kuppusamy, dja
Enhancing the infrastructure to enable the Platform Keystore (PKS) feature,
which provides access to the SB VERSION, DB, and DBX secure boot variables
from PKS.
If secure boot is enabled with PKS, it will read secure boot variables
such as db and dbx from PKS and extract ESL's from it.
The ESL's would be saved in the platform keystore buffer, and
the appendedsig (module) would read it later to extract
the certificate's details from ESL.
In the following scenarios, static key mode will be activated:
1. When Secure Boot is enabled with static keys
2. When SB Version is unavailable but Secure Boot is enabled
3. When PKS support is unavailable but Secure Boot is enabled
Note:-
SB Version - Secure Boot mode
1 - PKS
0 - static key (embeded key)
Signed-off-by: Sudhakar Kuppusamy <sudhakar@linux.ibm.com>
---
grub-core/Makefile.am | 2 +
grub-core/Makefile.core.def | 2 +
grub-core/kern/ieee1275/ieee1275.c | 1 -
grub-core/kern/ieee1275/init.c | 18 +-
grub-core/kern/powerpc/ieee1275/ieee1275.c | 139 +++++++
.../kern/powerpc/ieee1275/platform_keystore.c | 343 ++++++++++++++++++
include/grub/ieee1275/ieee1275.h | 3 +
include/grub/powerpc/ieee1275/ieee1275.h | 21 ++
.../grub/powerpc/ieee1275/platform_keystore.h | 126 +++++++
9 files changed, 651 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 grub-core/kern/powerpc/ieee1275/ieee1275.c
create mode 100644 grub-core/kern/powerpc/ieee1275/platform_keystore.c
create mode 100644 include/grub/powerpc/ieee1275/platform_keystore.h
diff --git a/grub-core/Makefile.am b/grub-core/Makefile.am
index e50db8106..cd6bb7c32 100644
--- a/grub-core/Makefile.am
+++ b/grub-core/Makefile.am
@@ -241,11 +241,13 @@ KERNEL_HEADER_FILES += $(top_builddir)/include/grub/machine/kernel.h
endif
if COND_powerpc_ieee1275
+KERNEL_HEADER_FILES += $(top_srcdir)/include/grub/powerpc/ieee1275/ieee1275.h
KERNEL_HEADER_FILES += $(top_srcdir)/include/grub/ieee1275/ieee1275.h
KERNEL_HEADER_FILES += $(top_srcdir)/include/grub/ieee1275/alloc.h
KERNEL_HEADER_FILES += $(top_srcdir)/include/grub/terminfo.h
KERNEL_HEADER_FILES += $(top_srcdir)/include/grub/extcmd.h
KERNEL_HEADER_FILES += $(top_srcdir)/include/grub/lib/arg.h
+KERNEL_HEADER_FILES += $(top_srcdir)/include/grub/powerpc/ieee1275/platform_keystore.h
endif
if COND_sparc64_ieee1275
diff --git a/grub-core/Makefile.core.def b/grub-core/Makefile.core.def
index 214856b5a..a86d27f2f 100644
--- a/grub-core/Makefile.core.def
+++ b/grub-core/Makefile.core.def
@@ -328,10 +328,12 @@ kernel = {
extra_dist = video/sis315_init.c;
mips_loongson = commands/keylayouts.c;
+ powerpc_ieee1275 = kern/powerpc/ieee1275/ieee1275.c;
powerpc_ieee1275 = kern/powerpc/cache.S;
powerpc_ieee1275 = kern/powerpc/dl.c;
powerpc_ieee1275 = kern/powerpc/compiler-rt.S;
powerpc_ieee1275 = kern/lockdown.c;
+ powerpc_ieee1275 = kern/powerpc/ieee1275/platform_keystore.c;
sparc64_ieee1275 = kern/sparc64/cache.S;
sparc64_ieee1275 = kern/sparc64/dl.c;
diff --git a/grub-core/kern/ieee1275/ieee1275.c b/grub-core/kern/ieee1275/ieee1275.c
index 36ca2dbfc..afa37a9f0 100644
--- a/grub-core/kern/ieee1275/ieee1275.c
+++ b/grub-core/kern/ieee1275/ieee1275.c
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@
#define IEEE1275_PHANDLE_INVALID ((grub_ieee1275_cell_t) -1)
#define IEEE1275_IHANDLE_INVALID ((grub_ieee1275_cell_t) 0)
-#define IEEE1275_CELL_INVALID ((grub_ieee1275_cell_t) -1)
\f
diff --git a/grub-core/kern/ieee1275/init.c b/grub-core/kern/ieee1275/init.c
index f19d5cda9..f7a7c96f8 100644
--- a/grub-core/kern/ieee1275/init.c
+++ b/grub-core/kern/ieee1275/init.c
@@ -51,6 +51,8 @@
#endif
#if defined(__powerpc__)
#include <grub/lockdown.h>
+#include <grub/powerpc/ieee1275/ieee1275.h>
+#include <grub/powerpc/ieee1275/platform_keystore.h>
#endif
/* The maximum heap size we're going to claim at boot. Not used by sparc. */
@@ -1004,7 +1006,8 @@ grub_get_ieee1275_secure_boot (void)
{
grub_ieee1275_phandle_t root;
int rc;
- grub_uint32_t is_sb;
+ grub_err_t err;
+ grub_uint32_t is_sb = SB_DISABLED;
rc = grub_ieee1275_finddevice ("/", &root);
if (rc != 0)
@@ -1028,8 +1031,17 @@ grub_get_ieee1275_secure_boot (void)
*
* We only support enforce.
*/
- if (is_sb >= 2)
- grub_lockdown ();
+ if (is_sb == SB_ENFORCED)
+ {
+ grub_dprintf ("ieee1275", "Secure Boot Enabled\n");
+ err = grub_pks_keystore_init ();
+ if (err != GRUB_ERR_NONE)
+ grub_error (err, "initialization of the Platform Keystore failed.\n");
+
+ grub_lockdown ();
+ }
+ else
+ grub_dprintf ("ieee1275", "Secure Boot Disabled\n");
}
#endif
diff --git a/grub-core/kern/powerpc/ieee1275/ieee1275.c b/grub-core/kern/powerpc/ieee1275/ieee1275.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..52984caae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/grub-core/kern/powerpc/ieee1275/ieee1275.c
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+/* ieee1275.c - Access the Open Firmware client interface. */
+/*
+ * GRUB -- GRand Unified Bootloader
+ * Copyright (C) 2003,2004,2005,2007,2008,2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ * Copyright (C) 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025 IBM Corporation
+ *
+ * GRUB is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * GRUB is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with GRUB. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+#include <grub/ieee1275/ieee1275.h>
+#include <grub/powerpc/ieee1275/ieee1275.h>
+#include <grub/misc.h>
+
+int
+grub_ieee1275_test (const char *name, grub_ieee1275_cell_t *missing)
+{
+ struct test_args
+ {
+ struct grub_ieee1275_common_hdr common;
+ grub_ieee1275_cell_t name;
+ grub_ieee1275_cell_t missing;
+ } args;
+
+ INIT_IEEE1275_COMMON (&args.common, "test", 1, 1);
+ args.name = (grub_ieee1275_cell_t) name;
+
+ if (IEEE1275_CALL_ENTRY_FN (&args) == -1)
+ return -1;
+
+ if (args.missing == IEEE1275_CELL_INVALID)
+ return -1;
+
+ *missing = args.missing;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int
+grub_ieee1275_pks_max_object_size (grub_size_t *result)
+{
+ struct mos_args
+ {
+ struct grub_ieee1275_common_hdr common;
+ grub_ieee1275_cell_t size;
+ } args;
+
+ INIT_IEEE1275_COMMON (&args.common, "pks-max-object-size", 0, 1);
+
+ if (IEEE1275_CALL_ENTRY_FN (&args) == -1)
+ return -1;
+
+ if (args.size == IEEE1275_CELL_INVALID)
+ return -1;
+
+ *result = args.size;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int
+grub_ieee1275_pks_read_object (grub_uint8_t consumer, grub_uint8_t *label,
+ grub_size_t label_len, grub_uint8_t *buffer,
+ grub_size_t buffer_len, grub_size_t *data_len,
+ grub_uint32_t *policies)
+{
+ struct pks_read_args
+ {
+ struct grub_ieee1275_common_hdr common;
+ grub_ieee1275_cell_t consumer;
+ grub_ieee1275_cell_t label;
+ grub_ieee1275_cell_t label_len;
+ grub_ieee1275_cell_t buffer;
+ grub_ieee1275_cell_t buffer_len;
+ grub_ieee1275_cell_t data_len;
+ grub_ieee1275_cell_t policies;
+ grub_ieee1275_cell_t rc;
+ } args;
+
+ INIT_IEEE1275_COMMON (&args.common, "pks-read-object", 5, 3);
+ args.consumer = (grub_ieee1275_cell_t) consumer;
+ args.label = (grub_ieee1275_cell_t) label;
+ args.label_len = (grub_ieee1275_cell_t) label_len;
+ args.buffer = (grub_ieee1275_cell_t) buffer;
+ args.buffer_len = (grub_ieee1275_cell_t) buffer_len;
+
+ if (IEEE1275_CALL_ENTRY_FN (&args) == -1)
+ return -1;
+
+ if (args.data_len == IEEE1275_CELL_INVALID)
+ return -1;
+
+ *data_len = args.data_len;
+ *policies = args.policies;
+
+ return (int) args.rc;
+}
+
+int
+grub_ieee1275_pks_read_sbvar (grub_uint8_t sbvarflags, grub_uint8_t sbvartype,
+ grub_uint8_t *buffer, grub_size_t buffer_len,
+ grub_size_t *data_len)
+{
+ struct pks_read_sbvar_args
+ {
+ struct grub_ieee1275_common_hdr common;
+ grub_ieee1275_cell_t sbvarflags;
+ grub_ieee1275_cell_t sbvartype;
+ grub_ieee1275_cell_t buffer;
+ grub_ieee1275_cell_t buffer_len;
+ grub_ieee1275_cell_t data_len;
+ grub_ieee1275_cell_t rc;
+ } args;
+
+ INIT_IEEE1275_COMMON (&args.common, "pks-read-sbvar", 4, 2);
+ args.sbvarflags = (grub_ieee1275_cell_t) sbvarflags;
+ args.sbvartype = (grub_ieee1275_cell_t) sbvartype;
+ args.buffer = (grub_ieee1275_cell_t) buffer;
+ args.buffer_len = (grub_ieee1275_cell_t) buffer_len;
+
+ if (IEEE1275_CALL_ENTRY_FN (&args) == -1)
+ return -1;
+
+ if (args.data_len == IEEE1275_CELL_INVALID)
+ return -1;
+
+ *data_len = args.data_len;
+
+ return (int) args.rc;
+}
diff --git a/grub-core/kern/powerpc/ieee1275/platform_keystore.c b/grub-core/kern/powerpc/ieee1275/platform_keystore.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3af1ea28a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/grub-core/kern/powerpc/ieee1275/platform_keystore.c
@@ -0,0 +1,343 @@
+/*
+ * GRUB -- GRand Unified Bootloader
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ * Copyright (C) 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025 IBM Corporation
+ *
+ * GRUB is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * GRUB is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with GRUB. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+#include <grub/mm.h>
+#include <grub/types.h>
+#include <grub/misc.h>
+#include <grub/lockdown.h>
+#include <grub/ieee1275/ieee1275.h>
+#include <grub/powerpc/ieee1275/ieee1275.h>
+#include <grub/powerpc/ieee1275/platform_keystore.h>
+
+/* PKS consumer type for firmware. */
+#define PKS_CONSUMER_FW ((grub_uint8_t) 1)
+
+/* PKS read object lable for secure boot version. */
+#define SB_VERSION_KEY_NAME ((grub_uint8_t *) "SB_VERSION")
+#define SB_VERSION_KEY_LEN ((grub_size_t) 10)
+
+/* PKS read secure boot variable request type for db and dbx. */
+#define DB ((grub_uint8_t) 1)
+#define DBX ((grub_uint8_t) 2)
+
+static grub_size_t pks_max_object_size;
+grub_uint8_t grub_pks_use_keystore = 0;
+
+/* Platform Keystore. */
+grub_pks_t grub_pks_keystore = { .db = NULL, .dbx = NULL, .db_entries = 0, .dbx_entries = 0 };
+
+/* Convert the esl data into the ESL. */
+static grub_esl_t *
+convert_to_esl (const grub_uint8_t *esl_data, const grub_size_t esl_data_size)
+{
+ grub_esl_t *esl = NULL;
+
+ if (esl_data_size < sizeof (grub_esl_t) || esl_data == NULL)
+ return esl;
+
+ esl = (grub_esl_t *) esl_data;
+
+ return esl;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Import the GUID, esd, and its size into the pks sd buffer and
+ * pks sd entries from the EFI signature list.
+ */
+static grub_err_t
+esd_from_esl (const grub_uint8_t *esl_data, grub_size_t esl_size,
+ const grub_size_t signature_size, const grub_packed_guid_t *guid,
+ grub_pks_sd_t **pks_sd, grub_size_t *pks_sd_entries)
+{
+ grub_esd_t *esd;
+ grub_pks_sd_t *signature = *pks_sd;
+ grub_size_t entries = *pks_sd_entries;
+ grub_size_t data_size, offset = 0;
+
+ /* Reads the esd from esl. */
+ while (esl_size > 0)
+ {
+ esd = (grub_esd_t *) (esl_data + offset);
+ data_size = signature_size - sizeof (grub_esd_t);
+
+ signature = grub_realloc (signature, (entries + 1) * sizeof (grub_pks_sd_t));
+ if (signature == NULL)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY, "out of memory.");
+
+ signature[entries].data = grub_malloc (data_size * sizeof (grub_uint8_t));
+ if (signature[entries].data == NULL)
+ {
+ /*
+ * Allocated memory will be freed by
+ * grub_free_platform_keystore.
+ */
+ *pks_sd = signature;
+ *pks_sd_entries = entries + 1;
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY, "out of memory.");
+ }
+
+ grub_memcpy (signature[entries].data, esd->signature_data, data_size);
+ signature[entries].data_size = data_size;
+ signature[entries].guid = *guid;
+ entries++;
+ esl_size -= signature_size;
+ offset += signature_size;
+ }
+
+ *pks_sd = signature;
+ *pks_sd_entries = entries;
+
+ return GRUB_ERR_NONE;
+}
+
+/* Extract the esd after removing the esl header from esl. */
+static grub_err_t
+esl_to_esd (const grub_uint8_t *esl_data, grub_size_t *next_esl,
+ grub_pks_sd_t **pks_sd, grub_size_t *pks_sd_entries)
+{
+ grub_packed_guid_t guid;
+ grub_esl_t *esl;
+ grub_size_t offset, esl_size,
+ signature_size, signature_header_size;
+
+ esl = convert_to_esl (esl_data, *next_esl);
+ if (esl == NULL)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BUG, "invalid ESL.");
+
+ esl_size = grub_le_to_cpu32 (esl->signature_list_size);
+ signature_header_size = grub_le_to_cpu32 (esl->signature_header_size);
+ signature_size = grub_le_to_cpu32 (esl->signature_size);
+ grub_memcpy (&guid, &esl->signature_type, sizeof (grub_packed_guid_t));
+
+ if (esl_size < sizeof (grub_esl_t) || esl_size > *next_esl)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BUG, "invalid ESL size (%u)\n", esl_size);
+
+ *next_esl = esl_size;
+ offset = sizeof (grub_esl_t) + signature_header_size;
+ esl_size = esl_size - offset;
+
+ return esd_from_esl (esl_data + offset, esl_size, signature_size, &guid,
+ pks_sd, pks_sd_entries);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Import the EFI signature data and the number of esd from the esl
+ * into the pks sd buffer and pks sd entries.
+ */
+static grub_err_t
+pks_sd_from_esl (const grub_uint8_t *esl_data, grub_size_t esl_size,
+ grub_pks_sd_t **pks_sd, grub_size_t *pks_sd_entries)
+{
+ grub_err_t rc;
+ grub_size_t next_esl = esl_size;
+
+ do
+ {
+ rc = esl_to_esd (esl_data, &next_esl, pks_sd, pks_sd_entries);
+ if (rc != GRUB_ERR_NONE)
+ break;
+
+ esl_data += next_esl;
+ esl_size -= next_esl;
+ next_esl = esl_size;
+ }
+ while (esl_size > 0);
+
+ return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Read the secure boot version from PKS as an object.
+ * caller must free result.
+ */
+static grub_err_t
+read_sbversion_from_pks (grub_uint8_t **out, grub_size_t *outlen, grub_size_t *policy)
+{
+ int rc;
+
+ *out = grub_malloc (pks_max_object_size);
+ if (*out == NULL)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY, "out of memory.");
+
+ rc = grub_ieee1275_pks_read_object (PKS_CONSUMER_FW, SB_VERSION_KEY_NAME,
+ SB_VERSION_KEY_LEN, *out, pks_max_object_size,
+ outlen, policy);
+ if (rc != 0)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_READ_ERROR, "SB version read failed (%d)\n", rc);
+
+ return GRUB_ERR_NONE;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Reads the secure boot variable from PKS.
+ * caller must free result.
+ */
+static grub_err_t
+read_sbvar_from_pks (const grub_uint8_t sbvarflags, const grub_uint8_t sbvartype,
+ grub_uint8_t **out, grub_size_t *outlen)
+{
+ int rc;
+
+ *out = grub_malloc (pks_max_object_size);
+ if (*out == NULL)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY, "out of memory.");
+
+ rc = grub_ieee1275_pks_read_sbvar (sbvarflags, sbvartype, *out, pks_max_object_size, outlen);
+ if (rc == (int) IEEE1275_CELL_NOT_FOUND)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_UNKNOWN_COMMAND, "secure boot variable %s not found (%d)",
+ (sbvartype == DB ? "db" : "dbx"), rc);
+ else if (rc != 0)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_READ_ERROR, "secure boot variable %s reading (%d)",
+ (sbvartype == DB ? "db" : "dbx"), rc);
+
+ return GRUB_ERR_NONE;
+}
+
+/* Test the availability of PKS support. */
+static grub_err_t
+is_support_pks (void)
+{
+ int rc;
+ grub_ieee1275_cell_t missing = 0;
+
+ rc = grub_ieee1275_test ("pks-max-object-size", &missing);
+ if (rc != 0 || missing == IEEE1275_CELL_INVALID)
+ grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FIRMWARE, "firmware doesn't have PKS support.\n");
+ else
+ {
+ rc = grub_ieee1275_pks_max_object_size (&pks_max_object_size);
+ if (rc != 0)
+ grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_NUMBER, "PKS support is there but it has zero objects.\n");
+ }
+
+ return GRUB_ERR_NONE;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Retrieve the secure boot variable from PKS, unpacks it, read the esd
+ * from ESL, and store the information in the pks sd buffer.
+ */
+static grub_err_t
+read_secure_boot_variables (const grub_uint8_t sbvarflags, const grub_uint8_t sbvartype,
+ grub_pks_sd_t **pks_sd, grub_size_t *pks_sd_entries)
+{
+ grub_err_t rc;
+ grub_uint8_t *esl_data = NULL;
+ grub_size_t esl_data_size = 0;
+
+ rc = read_sbvar_from_pks (sbvarflags, sbvartype, &esl_data, &esl_data_size);
+ if (rc == GRUB_ERR_NONE && esl_data_size != 0)
+ rc = pks_sd_from_esl ((const grub_uint8_t *) esl_data, esl_data_size,
+ pks_sd, pks_sd_entries);
+ grub_free (esl_data);
+
+ return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Reads secure boot version (SB_VERSION) and it supports following.
+ * SB_VERSION
+ * 1 - PKS
+ * 0 - static key (embeded key)
+ */
+static grub_err_t
+get_secure_boot_version (void)
+{
+ grub_err_t rc;
+ grub_uint8_t *data = NULL;
+ grub_size_t len = 0, policy = 0;
+
+ rc = read_sbversion_from_pks (&data, &len, &policy);
+ if (rc == GRUB_ERR_NONE && (len != 1 || (*data >= 2)))
+ rc = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_NUMBER, "found unexpected SB version (%d)\n", *data);
+
+ if (rc != GRUB_ERR_NONE)
+ {
+ grub_printf ("switch to static key.\n");
+ if (grub_is_lockdown () == GRUB_LOCKDOWN_ENABLED)
+ grub_fatal ("secure boot locked down.");
+ }
+ else
+ grub_pks_use_keystore = *data;
+
+ grub_free (data);
+
+ return rc;
+}
+
+/* Free allocated memory. */
+void
+grub_pks_free_keystore (void)
+{
+ grub_size_t i;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < grub_pks_keystore.db_entries; i++)
+ grub_free (grub_pks_keystore.db[i].data);
+
+ for (i = 0; i < grub_pks_keystore.dbx_entries; i++)
+ grub_free (grub_pks_keystore.dbx[i].data);
+
+ grub_free (grub_pks_keystore.db);
+ grub_free (grub_pks_keystore.dbx);
+ grub_memset (&grub_pks_keystore, 0, sizeof (grub_pks_t));
+}
+
+/* Initialization of the Platform Keystore. */
+grub_err_t
+grub_pks_keystore_init (void)
+{
+ grub_err_t rc;
+
+ grub_dprintf ("ieee1275", "trying to load Platform Keystore.\n");
+
+ rc = is_support_pks ();
+ if (rc != GRUB_ERR_NONE)
+ {
+ grub_printf ("switch to static key.\n");
+ return rc;
+ }
+
+ /* Read SB_VERSION from PKS. */
+ rc = get_secure_boot_version ();
+ if (rc != GRUB_ERR_NONE)
+ return rc;
+
+ if (grub_pks_use_keystore)
+ {
+ grub_memset (&grub_pks_keystore, 0, sizeof (grub_pks_t));
+ /* Read DB from PKS. */
+ rc = read_secure_boot_variables (0, DB, &grub_pks_keystore.db, &grub_pks_keystore.db_entries);
+ if (rc == GRUB_ERR_NONE)
+ {
+ /* Read DBX from PKS. */
+ rc = read_secure_boot_variables (0, DBX, &grub_pks_keystore.dbx, &grub_pks_keystore.dbx_entries);
+ if (rc == GRUB_ERR_UNKNOWN_COMMAND)
+ {
+ grub_dprintf ("ieee1275", "dbx is not found in PKS.\n");
+ rc = GRUB_ERR_NONE;
+ }
+ }
+
+ }
+
+ if (rc != GRUB_ERR_NONE)
+ grub_pks_free_keystore ();
+
+ return rc;
+}
diff --git a/include/grub/ieee1275/ieee1275.h b/include/grub/ieee1275/ieee1275.h
index c445d0499..3965c5fc6 100644
--- a/include/grub/ieee1275/ieee1275.h
+++ b/include/grub/ieee1275/ieee1275.h
@@ -24,6 +24,9 @@
#include <grub/types.h>
#include <grub/machine/ieee1275.h>
+#define IEEE1275_CELL_INVALID ((grub_ieee1275_cell_t) -1)
+#define IEEE1275_CELL_NOT_FOUND ((grub_ieee1275_cell_t) -7)
+
#define GRUB_IEEE1275_CELL_FALSE ((grub_ieee1275_cell_t) 0)
#define GRUB_IEEE1275_CELL_TRUE ((grub_ieee1275_cell_t) -1)
diff --git a/include/grub/powerpc/ieee1275/ieee1275.h b/include/grub/powerpc/ieee1275/ieee1275.h
index 4eb207018..1772d1f6d 100644
--- a/include/grub/powerpc/ieee1275/ieee1275.h
+++ b/include/grub/powerpc/ieee1275/ieee1275.h
@@ -28,4 +28,25 @@ typedef grub_uint32_t grub_ieee1275_cell_t;
#define PRIxGRUB_IEEE1275_CELL_T PRIxGRUB_UINT32_T
#define PRIuGRUB_IEEE1275_CELL_T PRIuGRUB_UINT32_T
+#ifdef __powerpc__
+
+extern int
+EXPORT_FUNC (grub_ieee1275_test) (const char *name,
+ grub_ieee1275_cell_t *missing);
+
+extern int
+grub_ieee1275_pks_max_object_size (grub_size_t *result);
+
+extern int
+grub_ieee1275_pks_read_object (grub_uint8_t consumer, grub_uint8_t *label,
+ grub_size_t label_len, grub_uint8_t *buffer,
+ grub_size_t buffer_len, grub_size_t *data_len,
+ grub_uint32_t *policies);
+
+extern int
+grub_ieee1275_pks_read_sbvar (grub_uint8_t sbvarflags, grub_uint8_t sbvartype,
+ grub_uint8_t *buffer, grub_size_t buffer_len,
+ grub_size_t *data_len);
+#endif
+
#endif /* ! GRUB_IEEE1275_MACHINE_HEADER */
diff --git a/include/grub/powerpc/ieee1275/platform_keystore.h b/include/grub/powerpc/ieee1275/platform_keystore.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d48c60200
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/grub/powerpc/ieee1275/platform_keystore.h
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2006 - 2015, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. This
+ * program and the accompanying materials are licensed and made available
+ * under the terms and conditions of the 2-Clause BSD License which
+ * accompanies this distribution.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+ * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+ * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+ * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+ * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+ * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+ * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+ * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ *
+ * https://github.com/tianocore/edk2-staging (edk2-staging repo of tianocore),
+ * the ImageAuthentication.h file under it, and here's the copyright and license.
+ *
+ * MdePkg/Include/Guid/ImageAuthentication.h
+ *
+ * Copyright 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025 IBM Corp.
+ */
+
+#ifndef __PLATFORM_KEYSTORE_H__
+#define __PLATFORM_KEYSTORE_H__
+
+#include <grub/symbol.h>
+#include <grub/mm.h>
+#include <grub/types.h>
+
+#if __GNUC__ >= 9
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Waddress-of-packed-member"
+#endif
+
+#define GRUB_MAX_HASH_SIZE 64
+
+/* Secure Boot Mode. */
+#define SB_DISABLED 0
+#define SB_ENFORCED 2
+
+/*
+ * It is derived from EFI_SIGNATURE_DATA
+ * https://github.com/tianocore/edk2-staging/blob/master/MdePkg/Include/Guid/ImageAuthentication.h
+ *
+ * The structure of an EFI signature database (ESD).*/
+struct grub_esd
+{
+ /*
+ * An identifier which identifies the agent which added
+ * the signature to the list.
+ */
+ grub_packed_guid_t signature_owner;
+ /* The format of the signature is defined by the SignatureType.*/
+ grub_uint8_t signature_data[];
+} GRUB_PACKED;
+
+typedef struct grub_esd grub_esd_t;
+
+/*
+ * It is derived from EFI_SIGNATURE_LIST
+ * https://github.com/tianocore/edk2-staging/blob/master/MdePkg/Include/Guid/ImageAuthentication.h
+ *
+ * The structure of an EFI signature list (ESL).*/
+struct grub_esl
+{
+ /* Type of the signature. GUID signature types are defined in below.*/
+ grub_packed_guid_t signature_type;
+ /* Total size of the signature list, including this header.*/
+ grub_uint32_t signature_list_size;
+ /*
+ * Size of the signature header which precedes
+ * the array of signatures.
+ */
+ grub_uint32_t signature_header_size;
+ /* Size of each signature.*/
+ grub_uint32_t signature_size;
+} GRUB_PACKED;
+
+typedef struct grub_esl grub_esl_t;
+
+/* The structure of a PKS signature data.*/
+struct grub_pks_sd
+{
+ grub_packed_guid_t guid; /* Signature type. */
+ grub_uint8_t *data; /* Signature data. */
+ grub_size_t data_size; /* Size of signature data. */
+} GRUB_PACKED;
+
+typedef struct grub_pks_sd grub_pks_sd_t;
+
+/* The structure of a PKS.*/
+struct grub_pks
+{
+ grub_pks_sd_t *db; /* Signature database. */
+ grub_pks_sd_t *dbx; /* Forbidden signature database. */
+ grub_size_t db_entries; /* Size of signature database. */
+ grub_size_t dbx_entries; /* Size of forbidden signature database. */
+} GRUB_PACKED;
+
+typedef struct grub_pks grub_pks_t;
+
+/* Initialization of the Platform Keystore. */
+extern grub_err_t
+grub_pks_keystore_init (void);
+
+/* Free allocated memory. */
+extern void
+EXPORT_FUNC (grub_pks_free_keystore) (void);
+
+extern grub_uint8_t EXPORT_VAR (grub_pks_use_keystore);
+extern grub_pks_t EXPORT_VAR (grub_pks_keystore);
+
+#endif
--
2.39.5 (Apple Git-154)
_______________________________________________
Grub-devel mailing list
Grub-devel@gnu.org
https://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/grub-devel
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 27+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v4 17/23] appendedsig: create db and dbx lists
2025-07-09 11:45 [PATCH v4 00/23] Appended Signature Secure Boot Support for PowerPC Sudhakar Kuppusamy
` (15 preceding siblings ...)
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 16/23] ieee1275: Read the DB and DBX secure boot variables Sudhakar Kuppusamy
@ 2025-07-09 11:45 ` Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 18/23] appendedsig: verify the kernel using " Sudhakar Kuppusamy
` (5 subsequent siblings)
22 siblings, 0 replies; 27+ messages in thread
From: Sudhakar Kuppusamy @ 2025-07-09 11:45 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: grub-devel
Cc: jan.setjeeilers, julian.klode, mate.kukri, pjones, msuchanek,
mlewando, nayna, ltcgcw, ssrish, stefanb, avnish,
Sudhakar Kuppusamy, dja
If secure boot is enabled with a static key, the trusted certificates will be extracted
from the GRUB ELF NOTE and adding in the db list. The db list is used by GRUB
for kernel verification.
If secure boot is enabled with a dynamic key, the trusted certificates and
certificate/binary hash will be extracted from the PKS and adding in the db list.
The distrusted certificates, certificate/binary hash from the PKS and adding in
the dbx list. Both dbx and db list are used by GRUB for kernel verification.
Note:-
If the certificate or the certificate hash exists in the dbx list, then
reject the certificate/certificate hash before adding it in the db list.
Signed-off-by: Sudhakar Kuppusamy <sudhakar@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Berger <stefanb@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Avnish Chouhan <avnish@linux.ibm.com>
---
grub-core/commands/appendedsig/appendedsig.c | 558 +++++++++++++++++--
include/grub/crypto.h | 1 +
include/grub/efi/pks.h | 112 ++++
3 files changed, 629 insertions(+), 42 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 include/grub/efi/pks.h
diff --git a/grub-core/commands/appendedsig/appendedsig.c b/grub-core/commands/appendedsig/appendedsig.c
index e26fc9724..48104d63d 100644
--- a/grub-core/commands/appendedsig/appendedsig.c
+++ b/grub-core/commands/appendedsig/appendedsig.c
@@ -34,13 +34,16 @@
#include <libtasn1.h>
#include <grub/env.h>
#include <grub/lockdown.h>
-
+#include <grub/efi/pks.h>
+#include <grub/powerpc/ieee1275/platform_keystore.h>
#include "appendedsig.h"
GRUB_MOD_LICENSE ("GPLv3+");
/* Public key type. */
-#define GRUB_PKEY_ID_PKCS7 2
+#define GRUB_PKEY_ID_PKCS7 2
+/* GUID size. */
+#define GRUB_GUID_SIZE (sizeof (grub_packed_guid_t))
/* Appended signature magic string. */
static const char magic[] = "~Module signature appended~\n";
@@ -68,8 +71,30 @@ struct grub_appended_signature
struct pkcs7_signedData pkcs7; /* Parsed PKCS#7 data. */
};
-/* Trusted certificates for verifying appended signatures. */
-struct x509_certificate *db;
+/* This represents a db/dbx list. */
+struct grub_database
+{
+ struct x509_certificate *certs; /* Certificates. */
+ grub_size_t cert_entries; /* Number of certificates. */
+ grub_uint8_t **signatures; /* Certificate/binary hashes. */
+ grub_size_t *signature_size; /* Size of certificate/binary hashes. */
+ grub_size_t signature_entries; /* Number of certificate/binary hashes. */
+};
+
+/* The db list */
+struct grub_database db = {.certs = NULL, .cert_entries = 0, .signatures = NULL,
+ .signature_size = NULL, .signature_entries = 0};
+
+/* The dbx list */
+struct grub_database dbx = {.certs = NULL, .cert_entries = 0, .signatures = NULL,
+ .signature_size = NULL, .signature_entries = 0};
+
+/* Free db list memory */
+static void
+free_db_list (void);
+/* Free dbx list memory */
+static void
+free_dbx_list (void);
static enum
{
@@ -78,6 +103,201 @@ static enum
CHECK_SIGS_FORCED = 2
} check_sigs = CHECK_SIGS_NO;
+/*
+ * GUID can be used to determine the hashing function and
+ * generate the hash using determined hashing function.
+ */
+static grub_err_t
+get_hash (const grub_packed_guid_t *guid, const grub_uint8_t *data, const grub_size_t data_size,
+ grub_uint8_t *hash, grub_size_t *hash_size)
+{
+ gcry_md_spec_t *hash_func = NULL;
+
+ if (guid == NULL)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE, "GUID is empty.");
+
+ if (grub_memcmp (guid, &GRUB_PKS_CERT_SHA256_GUID, GRUB_GUID_SIZE) == 0 ||
+ grub_memcmp (guid, &GRUB_PKS_CERT_X509_SHA256_GUID, GRUB_GUID_SIZE) == 0)
+ hash_func = &_gcry_digest_spec_sha256;
+ else if (grub_memcmp (guid, &GRUB_PKS_CERT_SHA384_GUID, GRUB_GUID_SIZE) == 0 ||
+ grub_memcmp (guid, &GRUB_PKS_CERT_X509_SHA384_GUID, GRUB_GUID_SIZE) == 0)
+ hash_func = &_gcry_digest_spec_sha384;
+ else if (grub_memcmp (guid, &GRUB_PKS_CERT_SHA512_GUID, GRUB_GUID_SIZE) == 0 ||
+ grub_memcmp (guid, &GRUB_PKS_CERT_X509_SHA512_GUID, GRUB_GUID_SIZE) == 0)
+ hash_func = &_gcry_digest_spec_sha512;
+ else
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE, "unsupported GUID for hash.");
+
+ grub_memset (hash, 0, GRUB_MAX_HASH_SIZE);
+ grub_crypto_hash (hash_func, hash, data, data_size);
+ *hash_size = hash_func->mdlen;
+
+ return GRUB_ERR_NONE;
+}
+
+/* Add the certificate/binary hash into the db/dbx list. */
+static grub_err_t
+add_hash (const grub_uint8_t **data, const grub_size_t data_size,
+ grub_uint8_t ***signature_list, grub_size_t **signature_size_list,
+ grub_size_t *signature_list_entries)
+{
+ grub_uint8_t **signatures = *signature_list;
+ grub_size_t *signature_size = *signature_size_list;
+ grub_size_t signature_entries = *signature_list_entries;
+
+ if (*data == NULL || data_size == 0)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE, "certificate/binary-hash data or size is empty.");
+
+ signatures = grub_realloc (signatures, sizeof (grub_uint8_t *) * (signature_entries + 1));
+ signature_size = grub_realloc (signature_size,
+ sizeof (grub_size_t) * (signature_entries + 1));
+
+ if (signatures == NULL || signature_size == NULL)
+ {
+ /*
+ * Allocated memory will be freed by
+ * free_db_list/free_dbx_list.
+ */
+ if (signatures != NULL)
+ {
+ *signature_list = signatures;
+ *signature_list_entries = signature_entries + 1;
+ }
+
+ if (signature_size != NULL)
+ *signature_size_list = signature_size;
+
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY, "out of memory.");
+ }
+
+ signatures[signature_entries] = (grub_uint8_t *) *data;
+ signature_size[signature_entries] = data_size;
+ signature_entries++;
+ *data = NULL;
+
+ *signature_list = signatures;
+ *signature_size_list = signature_size;
+ *signature_list_entries = signature_entries;
+
+ return GRUB_ERR_NONE;
+}
+
+static bool
+is_x509 (const grub_packed_guid_t *guid)
+{
+ if (grub_memcmp (guid, &GRUB_PKS_CERT_X509_GUID, GRUB_GUID_SIZE) == 0)
+ return true;
+
+ return false;
+}
+
+static bool
+is_cert_match (const struct x509_certificate *distrusted_cert,
+ const struct x509_certificate *db_cert)
+{
+ if (grub_memcmp (distrusted_cert->subject, db_cert->subject, db_cert->subject_len) == 0
+ && grub_memcmp (distrusted_cert->serial, db_cert->serial, db_cert->serial_len) == 0
+ && grub_memcmp (distrusted_cert->mpis[0], db_cert->mpis[0], sizeof (db_cert->mpis[0])) == 0
+ && grub_memcmp (distrusted_cert->mpis[1], db_cert->mpis[1], sizeof (db_cert->mpis[1])) == 0)
+ return true;
+
+ return false;
+}
+
+
+/* Check the certificate presence in the platform keystore dbx list. */
+static grub_err_t
+is_dbx_cert (const struct x509_certificate *db_cert)
+{
+ grub_err_t rc;
+ grub_size_t i;
+ struct x509_certificate *distrusted_cert;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < grub_pks_keystore.dbx_entries; i++)
+ {
+ if (grub_pks_keystore.dbx[i].data == NULL)
+ continue;
+
+ if (is_x509 (&grub_pks_keystore.dbx[i].guid) == true)
+ {
+ distrusted_cert = grub_zalloc (sizeof (struct x509_certificate));
+ if (distrusted_cert == NULL)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY, "out of memory.");
+
+ rc = parse_x509_certificate (grub_pks_keystore.dbx[i].data,
+ grub_pks_keystore.dbx[i].data_size, distrusted_cert);
+ if (rc != GRUB_ERR_NONE)
+ {
+ grub_free (distrusted_cert);
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ if (is_cert_match (distrusted_cert, db_cert) == true)
+ {
+ grub_printf ("Warning: a trusted certificate CN='%s' is ignored "
+ "because it is on the dbx list.\n", db_cert->subject);
+ grub_free (grub_pks_keystore.dbx[i].data);
+ grub_memset (&grub_pks_keystore.dbx[i], 0, sizeof (grub_pks_sd_t));
+ certificate_release (distrusted_cert);
+ grub_free (distrusted_cert);
+ return GRUB_ERR_ACCESS_DENIED;
+ }
+
+ certificate_release (distrusted_cert);
+ grub_free (distrusted_cert);
+ }
+ }
+
+ return GRUB_ERR_NONE;
+}
+
+/* Add the certificate into the db/dbx list */
+static grub_err_t
+add_certificate (const grub_uint8_t *data, const grub_size_t data_size,
+ struct grub_database *database, const bool is_db)
+{
+ struct x509_certificate *cert;
+ grub_err_t rc;
+ grub_size_t cert_entries = database->cert_entries;
+
+ if (data == NULL || data_size == 0)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE, "certificate data or size is empty.");
+
+ cert = grub_zalloc (sizeof (struct x509_certificate));
+ if (cert == NULL)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY, "out of memory.");
+
+ rc = parse_x509_certificate (data, data_size, cert);
+ if (rc != GRUB_ERR_NONE)
+ {
+ grub_dprintf ("appendedsig", "skipped %s certificate (%d)\n",
+ (is_db == true ? "trusted":"distrusted"), (int) rc);
+ grub_free (cert);
+ return rc;
+ }
+
+ if (is_db == true)
+ {
+ rc = is_dbx_cert (cert);
+ if (rc != GRUB_ERR_NONE)
+ {
+ certificate_release (cert);
+ grub_free (cert);
+ return rc;
+ }
+ }
+
+ grub_dprintf ("appendedsig", "add a %s certificate CN='%s'\n",
+ (is_db == true ? "trusted":"distrusted"), cert->subject);
+
+ cert_entries++;
+ cert->next = database->certs;
+ database->certs = cert;
+ database->cert_entries = cert_entries;
+
+ return rc;
+}
+
static const char *
grub_env_read_sec (struct grub_env_var *var __attribute__ ((unused)),
const char *val __attribute__ ((unused)))
@@ -241,7 +461,7 @@ grub_verify_appended_signature (const grub_uint8_t *buf, grub_size_t bufsize)
struct pkcs7_signerInfo *si;
int i;
- if (db == NULL)
+ if (!db.cert_entries)
return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_SIGNATURE, "no trusted keys to verify against.");
err = extract_appended_signature (buf, bufsize, &sig);
@@ -272,7 +492,7 @@ grub_verify_appended_signature (const grub_uint8_t *buf, grub_size_t bufsize)
datasize, i, hash[0], hash[1], hash[2], hash[3]);
err = GRUB_ERR_BAD_SIGNATURE;
- for (pk = db; pk != NULL; pk = pk->next)
+ for (pk = db.certs; pk != NULL; pk = pk->next)
{
rc = grub_crypto_rsa_pad (&hashmpi, hash, si->hash, pk->mpis[0]);
if (rc != GPG_ERR_NO_ERROR)
@@ -357,11 +577,11 @@ grub_cmd_dbx (grub_command_t cmd __attribute__ ((unused)), int argc, char **args
else if (cert_num == 0)
return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE, "certificate numbers start at 1.");
- for (cert = prev_cert = db; cert != NULL; cert = cert->next)
+ for (cert = prev_cert = db.certs; cert != NULL; cert = cert->next)
{
if (cert_num == 1) /* Match with first certificate in the db. */
{
- db = cert->next;
+ db.certs = cert->next;
break;
}
else if (cert_num == i)
@@ -376,6 +596,7 @@ grub_cmd_dbx (grub_command_t cmd __attribute__ ((unused)), int argc, char **args
if (cert != NULL)
{
+ db.cert_entries--;
certificate_release (cert);
grub_free (cert);
return GRUB_ERR_NONE;
@@ -413,8 +634,9 @@ grub_cmd_db (grub_command_t cmd __attribute__ ((unused)), int argc, char **args)
grub_dprintf ("appendedsig", "loaded certificate with CN: %s\n", cert->subject);
- cert->next = db;
- db = cert;
+ cert->next = db.certs;
+ db.certs = cert;
+ db.cert_entries++;
return GRUB_ERR_NONE;
}
@@ -427,7 +649,7 @@ grub_cmd_list (grub_command_t cmd __attribute__ ((unused)), int argc __attribute
int cert_num = 1;
grub_size_t i;
- for (cert = db; cert != NULL; cert = cert->next)
+ for (cert = db.certs; cert != NULL; cert = cert->next)
{
grub_printf ("Certificate %d:\n", cert_num);
grub_printf ("\tSerial: ");
@@ -518,6 +740,247 @@ static struct grub_fs pseudo_fs = {
static grub_command_t cmd_verify, cmd_list, cmd_dbx, cmd_db;
+/* Check the certificate hash presence in the dbx list. */
+static bool
+is_dbx_cert_hash (const grub_uint8_t *data, const grub_size_t data_size)
+{
+ grub_err_t rc;
+ grub_size_t i, cert_hash_size = 0;
+ grub_uint8_t cert_hash[GRUB_MAX_HASH_SIZE] = { 0 };
+
+ for (i = 0; i < grub_pks_keystore.dbx_entries; i++)
+ {
+ if (grub_pks_keystore.dbx[i].data == NULL ||
+ grub_pks_keystore.dbx[i].data_size == 0)
+ continue;
+
+ rc = get_hash (&grub_pks_keystore.dbx[i].guid, data, data_size,
+ cert_hash, &cert_hash_size);
+ if (rc != GRUB_ERR_NONE)
+ continue;
+
+ if (cert_hash_size == grub_pks_keystore.dbx[i].data_size &&
+ grub_memcmp (grub_pks_keystore.dbx[i].data, cert_hash, cert_hash_size) == 0)
+ {
+ grub_printf ("Warning: a trusted certificate (%02x%02x%02x%02x) is ignored "
+ "because this certificate hash is on the dbx list.\n",
+ cert_hash[0], cert_hash[1], cert_hash[2], cert_hash[3]);
+ grub_free (grub_pks_keystore.dbx[i].data);
+ grub_memset (&grub_pks_keystore.dbx[i], 0, sizeof (grub_pks_keystore.dbx[i]));
+ return true;
+ }
+ }
+
+ return false;
+}
+
+/* Check the binary hash presence in the dbx list. */
+static bool
+is_dbx_binary_hash (const grub_uint8_t *binary_hash, const grub_size_t binary_hash_size)
+{
+ grub_size_t i;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < grub_pks_keystore.dbx_entries; i++)
+ {
+ if (grub_pks_keystore.dbx[i].data == NULL ||
+ grub_pks_keystore.dbx[i].data_size == 0)
+ continue;
+
+ if (binary_hash_size == grub_pks_keystore.dbx[i].data_size &&
+ grub_memcmp (grub_pks_keystore.dbx[i].data, binary_hash, binary_hash_size) == 0)
+ {
+ grub_printf ("Warning: a trusted binary hash (%02x%02x%02x%02x) is ignored"
+ " because it is on the dbx list.\n", binary_hash[0], binary_hash[1],
+ binary_hash[2], binary_hash[3]);
+ grub_free (grub_pks_keystore.dbx[i].data);
+ grub_memset (&grub_pks_keystore.dbx[i], 0, sizeof(grub_pks_keystore.dbx[i]));
+ return true;
+ }
+ }
+
+ return false;
+}
+
+/* Add the binary hash to the db list if it does not exist in the dbx list. */
+static grub_err_t
+add_db_binary_hash (const grub_uint8_t **data, const grub_size_t data_size)
+{
+ if (*data == NULL || data_size == 0)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE, "trusted binary hash data or size is empty.");
+
+ if (is_dbx_binary_hash (*data, data_size) == false)
+ return add_hash (data, data_size, &db.signatures, &db.signature_size,
+ &db.signature_entries);
+
+ return GRUB_ERR_BAD_SIGNATURE;
+}
+
+static bool
+is_hash (const grub_packed_guid_t *guid)
+{
+ /* GUID type of the binary hash. */
+ if (grub_memcmp (guid, &GRUB_PKS_CERT_SHA256_GUID, GRUB_GUID_SIZE) == 0 ||
+ grub_memcmp (guid, &GRUB_PKS_CERT_SHA384_GUID, GRUB_GUID_SIZE) == 0 ||
+ grub_memcmp (guid, &GRUB_PKS_CERT_SHA512_GUID, GRUB_GUID_SIZE) == 0)
+ return true;
+
+ /* GUID type of the certificate hash. */
+ if (grub_memcmp (guid, &GRUB_PKS_CERT_X509_SHA256_GUID, GRUB_GUID_SIZE) == 0 ||
+ grub_memcmp (guid, &GRUB_PKS_CERT_X509_SHA384_GUID, GRUB_GUID_SIZE) == 0 ||
+ grub_memcmp (guid, &GRUB_PKS_CERT_X509_SHA512_GUID, GRUB_GUID_SIZE) == 0)
+ return true;
+
+ return false;
+}
+
+/* Add the X.509 certificates/binary hash to the db list. */
+static grub_err_t
+create_db_list (void)
+{
+ grub_err_t rc;
+ grub_size_t i;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < grub_pks_keystore.db_entries; i++)
+ {
+ if (is_hash (&grub_pks_keystore.db[i].guid) == true)
+ {
+ rc = add_db_binary_hash ((const grub_uint8_t **) &grub_pks_keystore.db[i].data,
+ grub_pks_keystore.db[i].data_size);
+ if (rc == GRUB_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY)
+ return rc;
+ }
+ else if (is_x509 (&grub_pks_keystore.db[i].guid) == true)
+ {
+ if (is_dbx_cert_hash (grub_pks_keystore.db[i].data,
+ grub_pks_keystore.db[i].data_size) == true)
+ continue;
+
+ rc = add_certificate (grub_pks_keystore.db[i].data,
+ grub_pks_keystore.db[i].data_size, &db, true);
+ if (rc == GRUB_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY)
+ return rc;
+ }
+ else
+ grub_dprintf ("appendedsig", "unsupported signature data type and "
+ "skipped (%" PRIuGRUB_SIZE ")\n", i + 1);
+ }
+
+ return GRUB_ERR_NONE;
+}
+
+/* Add the certificates and certificate/binary hash to the dbx list. */
+static grub_err_t
+create_dbx_list (void)
+{
+ grub_err_t rc;
+ grub_size_t i;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < grub_pks_keystore.dbx_entries; i++)
+ {
+ if (grub_pks_keystore.dbx[i].data != NULL ||
+ grub_pks_keystore.dbx[i].data_size > 0)
+ {
+ if (is_x509 (&grub_pks_keystore.dbx[i].guid) == true)
+ {
+ rc = add_certificate (grub_pks_keystore.dbx[i].data,
+ grub_pks_keystore.dbx[i].data_size, &dbx, false);
+ if (rc == GRUB_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY)
+ return rc;
+ }
+ else if (is_hash (&grub_pks_keystore.dbx[i].guid) == true)
+ {
+ rc = add_hash ((const grub_uint8_t **) &grub_pks_keystore.dbx[i].data,
+ grub_pks_keystore.dbx[i].data_size,
+ &dbx.signatures, &dbx.signature_size,
+ &dbx.signature_entries);
+ if (rc != GRUB_ERR_NONE)
+ return rc;
+ }
+ else
+ grub_dprintf ("appendedsig", "unsupported signature data type and "
+ "skipped (%" PRIuGRUB_SIZE ")\n", i + 1);
+ }
+ }
+
+ return GRUB_ERR_NONE;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Extract the x509 certificates from the ELF note header,
+ * parse it, and add it to the db list.
+ */
+static grub_err_t
+build_static_db_list (const struct grub_module_header *header)
+{
+ grub_err_t err;
+ struct grub_file pseudo_file;
+ grub_uint8_t *cert_data = NULL;
+ grub_size_t cert_data_size = 0;
+
+ grub_memset (&pseudo_file, 0, sizeof (pseudo_file));
+ pseudo_file.fs = &pseudo_fs;
+ pseudo_file.size = header->size - sizeof (struct grub_module_header);
+ pseudo_file.data = (char *) header + sizeof (struct grub_module_header);
+
+ grub_dprintf ("appendedsig", "found an x509 key, size=%" PRIuGRUB_UINT64_T "\n",
+ pseudo_file.size);
+
+ err = file_read_all (&pseudo_file, &cert_data, &cert_data_size);
+ if (err != GRUB_ERR_NONE)
+ return err;
+
+ err = add_certificate (cert_data, cert_data_size, &db, true);
+ grub_free (cert_data);
+
+ return err;
+}
+
+/* Free db list memory */
+static void
+free_db_list (void)
+{
+ struct x509_certificate *cert;
+ grub_size_t i = 0;
+
+ while (db.certs != NULL)
+ {
+ cert = db.certs;
+ db.certs = db.certs->next;
+ certificate_release (cert);
+ grub_free (cert);
+ }
+
+ for (i = 0; i < db.signature_entries; i++)
+ grub_free (db.signatures[i]);
+
+ grub_free (db.signatures);
+ grub_free (db.signature_size);
+ grub_memset (&db, 0, sizeof (db));
+}
+
+/* Free dbx list memory */
+static void
+free_dbx_list (void)
+{
+ struct x509_certificate *cert;
+ grub_size_t i = 0;
+
+ while (dbx.certs != NULL)
+ {
+ cert = dbx.certs;
+ dbx.certs = dbx.certs->next;
+ certificate_release (cert);
+ grub_free (cert);
+ }
+
+ for (i = 0; i < dbx.signature_entries; i++)
+ grub_free (dbx.signatures[i]);
+
+ grub_free (dbx.signatures);
+ grub_free (dbx.signature_size);
+ grub_memset (&dbx, 0, sizeof (dbx));
+}
+
GRUB_MOD_INIT (appendedsig)
{
int rc;
@@ -527,7 +990,6 @@ GRUB_MOD_INIT (appendedsig)
if (grub_is_lockdown () == GRUB_LOCKDOWN_ENABLED)
check_sigs = CHECK_SIGS_FORCED;
- db = NULL;
grub_register_variable_hook ("check_appended_signatures", grub_env_read_sec, grub_env_write_sec);
grub_env_export ("check_appended_signatures");
@@ -535,37 +997,49 @@ GRUB_MOD_INIT (appendedsig)
if (rc)
grub_fatal ("error initing ASN.1 data structures: %d: %s\n", rc, asn1_strerror (rc));
- FOR_MODULES (header)
- {
- struct grub_file pseudo_file;
- struct x509_certificate *pk = NULL;
- grub_err_t err;
-
- /* Not an X.509 certificate, skip. */
- if (header->type != OBJ_TYPE_X509_PUBKEY)
- continue;
-
- grub_memset (&pseudo_file, 0, sizeof (pseudo_file));
- pseudo_file.fs = &pseudo_fs;
- pseudo_file.size = header->size - sizeof (struct grub_module_header);
- pseudo_file.data = (char *) header + sizeof (struct grub_module_header);
-
- grub_dprintf ("appendedsig", "found an x509 key, size=%" PRIuGRUB_UINT64_T "\n",
- pseudo_file.size);
-
- pk = grub_zalloc (sizeof (struct x509_certificate));
- if (pk == NULL)
- grub_fatal ("out of memory loading initial certificates.");
-
- err = read_cert_from_file (&pseudo_file, pk);
- if (err != GRUB_ERR_NONE)
- grub_fatal ("error loading initial key: %s", grub_errmsg);
-
- grub_dprintf ("appendedsig", "loaded certificate CN='%s'\n", pk->subject);
+ if (!grub_pks_use_keystore && check_sigs == CHECK_SIGS_FORCED)
+ {
+ FOR_MODULES (header)
+ {
+ /* Not an ELF module, skip. */
+ if (header->type != OBJ_TYPE_X509_PUBKEY)
+ continue;
- pk->next = db;
- db = pk;
- }
+ rc = build_static_db_list (header);
+ if (rc != GRUB_ERR_NONE)
+ {
+ free_db_list ();
+ grub_error (rc, "static db list creation failed.");
+ }
+ else
+ grub_dprintf ("appendedsig", "the db list now has %" PRIuGRUB_SIZE " static keys.\n",
+ db.cert_entries);
+ }
+ }
+ else if (grub_pks_use_keystore && check_sigs == CHECK_SIGS_FORCED)
+ {
+ rc = create_db_list ();
+ if (rc != GRUB_ERR_NONE)
+ {
+ free_db_list ();
+ grub_error (rc, "db list creation failed.");
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ rc = create_dbx_list ();
+ if (rc != GRUB_ERR_NONE)
+ {
+ free_db_list ();
+ free_dbx_list ();
+ grub_error (rc, "dbx list creation failed.");
+ }
+ else
+ grub_dprintf ("appendedsig", "the db list now has %" PRIuGRUB_SIZE " keys.\n"
+ "the dbx list now has %" PRIuGRUB_SIZE " keys.\n",
+ db.signature_entries + db.cert_entries, dbx.signature_entries);
+ }
+ grub_pks_free_keystore ();
+ }
cmd_db = grub_register_command ("append_add_db_cert", grub_cmd_db, N_("X509_CERTIFICATE"),
N_("Add trusted X509_CERTIFICATE to the db"));
diff --git a/include/grub/crypto.h b/include/grub/crypto.h
index 31c87c302..a272faf1f 100644
--- a/include/grub/crypto.h
+++ b/include/grub/crypto.h
@@ -369,6 +369,7 @@ grub_crypto_hmac_buffer (const struct gcry_md_spec *md,
extern gcry_md_spec_t _gcry_digest_spec_md5;
extern gcry_md_spec_t _gcry_digest_spec_sha1;
extern gcry_md_spec_t _gcry_digest_spec_sha256;
+extern gcry_md_spec_t _gcry_digest_spec_sha384;
extern gcry_md_spec_t _gcry_digest_spec_sha512;
extern gcry_md_spec_t _gcry_digest_spec_crc32;
extern gcry_cipher_spec_t _gcry_cipher_spec_aes;
diff --git a/include/grub/efi/pks.h b/include/grub/efi/pks.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dfcb9f203
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/grub/efi/pks.h
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2006 - 2015, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. This
+ * program and the accompanying materials are licensed and made available
+ * under the terms and conditions of the 2-Clause BSD License which
+ * accompanies this distribution.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+ * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+ * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+ * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+ * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+ * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+ * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+ * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ *
+ * https://github.com/tianocore/edk2-staging (edk2-staging repo of tianocore),
+ * the ImageAuthentication.h file under it, and here's the copyright and license.
+ *
+ * MdePkg/Include/Guid/ImageAuthentication.h
+ *
+ * Copyright 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025 IBM Corp.
+ */
+
+#ifndef __PKS_H__
+#define __PKS_H__
+
+#include <grub/types.h>
+
+/*
+ * It is derived from EFI_CERT_X509_GUID
+ * https://github.com/tianocore/edk2-staging/blob/master/MdePkg/Include/Guid/ImageAuthentication.h
+ */
+#define GRUB_PKS_CERT_X509_GUID \
+ (grub_guid_t) \
+ { 0xa159c0a5, 0xe494, 0xa74a, \
+ { 0x87, 0xb5, 0xab, 0x15, 0x5c, 0x2b, 0xf0, 0x72 } \
+ }
+
+/*
+ * It is derived from EFI_CERT_SHA256_GUID
+ * https://github.com/tianocore/edk2-staging/blob/master/MdePkg/Include/Guid/ImageAuthentication.h
+ */
+#define GRUB_PKS_CERT_SHA256_GUID \
+ (grub_guid_t) \
+ { 0x2616c4c1, 0x4c50, 0x9240, \
+ { 0xac, 0xa9, 0x41, 0xf9, 0x36, 0x93, 0x43, 0x28 } \
+ }
+
+/*
+ * It is derived from EFI_CERT_SHA384_GUID
+ * https://github.com/tianocore/edk2-staging/blob/master/MdePkg/Include/Guid/ImageAuthentication.h
+ */
+#define GRUB_PKS_CERT_SHA384_GUID \
+ (grub_guid_t) \
+ { 0x07533eff, 0xd09f, 0xc948, \
+ { 0x85, 0xf1, 0x8a, 0xd5, 0x6c, 0x70, 0x1e, 0x1 } \
+ }
+
+/*
+ * It is derived from EFI_CERT_SHA512_GUID
+ * https://github.com/tianocore/edk2-staging/blob/master/MdePkg/Include/Guid/ImageAuthentication.h
+ */
+#define GRUB_PKS_CERT_SHA512_GUID \
+ (grub_guid_t) \
+ { 0xae0f3e09, 0xc4a6, 0x504f, \
+ { 0x9f, 0x1b, 0xd4, 0x1e, 0x2b, 0x89, 0xc1, 0x9a } \
+ }
+
+/*
+ * It is derived from EFI_CERT_X509_SHA256_GUID
+ * https://github.com/tianocore/edk2-staging/blob/master/MdePkg/Include/Guid/ImageAuthentication.h
+ */
+#define GRUB_PKS_CERT_X509_SHA256_GUID \
+ (grub_guid_t) \
+ { 0x92a4d23b, 0xc096, 0x7940, \
+ { 0xb4, 0x20, 0xfc, 0xf9, 0x8e, 0xf1, 0x03, 0xed } \
+ }
+
+/*
+ * It is derived from EFI_CERT_X509_SHA384_GUID
+ * https://github.com/tianocore/edk2-staging/blob/master/MdePkg/Include/Guid/ImageAuthentication.h
+ */
+#define GRUB_PKS_CERT_X509_SHA384_GUID \
+ (grub_guid_t) \
+ { 0x6e877670, 0xc280, 0xe64e, \
+ { 0xaa, 0xd2, 0x28, 0xb3, 0x49, 0xa6, 0x86, 0x5b } \
+ }
+
+/*
+ * It is derived from EFI_CERT_X509_SHA512_GUID
+ * https://github.com/tianocore/edk2-staging/blob/master/MdePkg/Include/Guid/ImageAuthentication.h
+ */
+#define GRUB_PKS_CERT_X509_SHA512_GUID \
+ (grub_guid_t) \
+ { 0x63bf6d44, 0x0225, 0xda4c, \
+ { 0xbc, 0xfa, 0x24, 0x65, 0xd2, 0xb0, 0xfe, 0x9d } \
+ }
+
+#endif
--
2.39.5 (Apple Git-154)
_______________________________________________
Grub-devel mailing list
Grub-devel@gnu.org
https://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/grub-devel
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 27+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v4 18/23] appendedsig: verify the kernel using db and dbx lists
2025-07-09 11:45 [PATCH v4 00/23] Appended Signature Secure Boot Support for PowerPC Sudhakar Kuppusamy
` (16 preceding siblings ...)
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 17/23] appendedsig: create db and dbx lists Sudhakar Kuppusamy
@ 2025-07-09 11:45 ` Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 19/23] powerpc_ieee1275: Introduce use_static_keys flag Sudhakar Kuppusamy
` (4 subsequent siblings)
22 siblings, 0 replies; 27+ messages in thread
From: Sudhakar Kuppusamy @ 2025-07-09 11:45 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: grub-devel
Cc: jan.setjeeilers, julian.klode, mate.kukri, pjones, msuchanek,
mlewando, nayna, ltcgcw, ssrish, stefanb, avnish,
Sudhakar Kuppusamy, dja
To verify the kernel's signature: verify the kernel binary against lists of binary hashes
that are either in dbx or db list. If it is not list in either db or dbx list
then the trusted keys from the db list are used to verify the signature.
Signed-off-by: Sudhakar Kuppusamy <sudhakar@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Berger <stefanb@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Avnish Chouhan <avnish@linux.ibm.com>
---
grub-core/commands/appendedsig/appendedsig.c | 173 ++++++++++++++-----
1 file changed, 126 insertions(+), 47 deletions(-)
diff --git a/grub-core/commands/appendedsig/appendedsig.c b/grub-core/commands/appendedsig/appendedsig.c
index 48104d63d..1224fab9e 100644
--- a/grub-core/commands/appendedsig/appendedsig.c
+++ b/grub-core/commands/appendedsig/appendedsig.c
@@ -447,6 +447,77 @@ extract_appended_signature (const grub_uint8_t *buf, grub_size_t bufsize,
return parse_pkcs7_signedData (appsigdata, pkcs7_size, &sig->pkcs7);
}
+static grub_err_t
+get_binary_hash (const grub_size_t binary_hash_size, const grub_uint8_t *data,
+ const grub_size_t data_size, grub_uint8_t *hash, grub_size_t *hash_size)
+{
+ grub_packed_guid_t guid = { 0 };
+
+ /* support SHA256, SHA384 and SHA512 for binary hash */
+ if (binary_hash_size == 32)
+ grub_memcpy (&guid, &GRUB_PKS_CERT_SHA256_GUID, GRUB_GUID_SIZE);
+ else if (binary_hash_size == 48)
+ grub_memcpy (&guid, &GRUB_PKS_CERT_SHA384_GUID, GRUB_GUID_SIZE);
+ else if (binary_hash_size == 64)
+ grub_memcpy (&guid, &GRUB_PKS_CERT_SHA512_GUID, GRUB_GUID_SIZE);
+ else
+ {
+ grub_dprintf ("appendedsig", "unsupported hash type (%" PRIuGRUB_SIZE ") and "
+ "skipped the binary hash\n", binary_hash_size);
+ return GRUB_ERR_UNKNOWN_COMMAND;
+ }
+
+ return get_hash (&guid, data, data_size, hash, hash_size);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Verify binary hash against the db and dbx list.
+ * The following errors can occur:
+ * - GRUB_ERR_BAD_SIGNATURE: indicates that the hash is in dbx list.
+ * - GRUB_ERR_EOF: the hash could not be found in the db and dbx list.
+ * - GRUB_ERR_NONE: the hash is found in db list.
+ */
+static grub_err_t
+verify_binary_hash (const grub_uint8_t *data, const grub_size_t data_size)
+{
+ grub_err_t rc = GRUB_ERR_NONE;
+ grub_size_t i = 0, hash_size = 0;
+ grub_uint8_t hash[GRUB_MAX_HASH_SIZE] = { 0 };
+
+ for (i = 0; i < dbx.signature_entries; i++)
+ {
+ rc = get_binary_hash (dbx.signature_size[i], data, data_size, hash, &hash_size);
+ if (rc != GRUB_ERR_NONE)
+ continue;
+
+ if (hash_size == dbx.signature_size[i] &&
+ grub_memcmp (dbx.signatures[i], hash, hash_size) == 0)
+ {
+ grub_dprintf ("appendedsig", "the binary hash (%02x%02x%02x%02x) is present in the dbx list\n",
+ hash[0], hash[1], hash[2], hash[3]);
+ return GRUB_ERR_BAD_SIGNATURE;
+ }
+ }
+
+ for (i = 0; i < db.signature_entries; i++)
+ {
+ rc = get_binary_hash (db.signature_size[i], data, data_size, hash, &hash_size);
+ if (rc != GRUB_ERR_NONE)
+ continue;
+
+ if (hash_size == db.signature_size[i] &&
+ grub_memcmp (db.signatures[i], hash, hash_size) == 0)
+ {
+ grub_dprintf ("appendedsig", "verified with a trusted binary hash (%02x%02x%02x%02x)\n",
+ hash[0], hash[1], hash[2], hash[3]);
+ return GRUB_ERR_NONE;
+ }
+ }
+
+ return GRUB_ERR_EOF;
+}
+
+/* Verify the kernel's integrity using db and dbx list */
static grub_err_t
grub_verify_appended_signature (const grub_uint8_t *buf, grub_size_t bufsize)
{
@@ -461,7 +532,7 @@ grub_verify_appended_signature (const grub_uint8_t *buf, grub_size_t bufsize)
struct pkcs7_signerInfo *si;
int i;
- if (!db.cert_entries)
+ if (!db.cert_entries && !db.signature_entries)
return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_SIGNATURE, "no trusted keys to verify against.");
err = extract_appended_signature (buf, bufsize, &sig);
@@ -469,59 +540,67 @@ grub_verify_appended_signature (const grub_uint8_t *buf, grub_size_t bufsize)
return err;
datasize = bufsize - sig.signature_len;
-
- for (i = 0; i < sig.pkcs7.signerInfo_count; i++)
+ /* Verify binary hash against the db and dbx list. */
+ err = verify_binary_hash (buf, datasize);
+ if (err == GRUB_ERR_BAD_SIGNATURE)
{
- /*
- * This could be optimised in a couple of ways:
- * - we could only compute hashes once per hash type.
- * - we could track signer information and only verify where IDs match.
- * For now we do the naive O(trusted keys * pkcs7 signers) approach.
- */
- si = &sig.pkcs7.signerInfos[i];
- context = grub_zalloc (si->hash->contextsize);
- if (context == NULL)
- return grub_errno;
-
- si->hash->init (context);
- si->hash->write (context, buf, datasize);
- si->hash->final (context);
- hash = si->hash->read (context);
-
- grub_dprintf ("appendedsig", "data size %" PRIxGRUB_SIZE ", signer %d hash %02x%02x%02x%02x...\n",
- datasize, i, hash[0], hash[1], hash[2], hash[3]);
-
- err = GRUB_ERR_BAD_SIGNATURE;
- for (pk = db.certs; pk != NULL; pk = pk->next)
+ err = grub_error (err, "failed to verify the signature because this binary is in the dbx list.\n");
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ for (i = 0; i < sig.pkcs7.signerInfo_count; i++)
{
- rc = grub_crypto_rsa_pad (&hashmpi, hash, si->hash, pk->mpis[0]);
- if (rc != GPG_ERR_NO_ERROR)
+ /*
+ * This could be optimised in a couple of ways:
+ * - we could only compute hashes once per hash type.
+ * - we could track signer information and only verify where IDs match.
+ * For now we do the naive O(trusted keys * pkcs7 signers) approach.
+ */
+ si = &sig.pkcs7.signerInfos[i];
+ context = grub_zalloc (si->hash->contextsize);
+ if (context == NULL)
+ return grub_errno;
+
+ si->hash->init (context);
+ si->hash->write (context, buf, datasize);
+ si->hash->final (context);
+ hash = si->hash->read (context);
+
+ grub_dprintf ("appendedsig", "data size %" PRIxGRUB_SIZE ", signer %d hash %02x%02x%02x%02x...\n",
+ datasize, i, hash[0], hash[1], hash[2], hash[3]);
+
+ err = GRUB_ERR_BAD_SIGNATURE;
+ for (pk = db.certs; pk != NULL; pk = pk->next)
{
- err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_SIGNATURE,
- "error padding hash for RSA verification: %d", (int) rc);
- grub_free (context);
- goto cleanup;
+ rc = grub_crypto_rsa_pad (&hashmpi, hash, si->hash, pk->mpis[0]);
+ if (rc != GPG_ERR_NO_ERROR)
+ {
+ err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_SIGNATURE,
+ "error padding hash for RSA verification: %d", (int) rc);
+ grub_free (context);
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ rc = grub_crypto_pk_rsa->verify (0, hashmpi, &si->sig_mpi, pk->mpis, NULL, NULL);
+ gcry_mpi_release (hashmpi);
+ if (rc == GPG_ERR_NO_ERROR)
+ {
+ grub_dprintf ("appendedsig", "verify signer %d with key '%s' succeeded.\n",
+ i, pk->subject);
+ err = GRUB_ERR_NONE;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ grub_dprintf ("appendedsig", "verify signer %d with key '%s' failed with %d\n",
+ i, pk->subject, (int) rc);
}
- rc = grub_crypto_pk_rsa->verify (0, hashmpi, &si->sig_mpi, pk->mpis, NULL, NULL);
- gcry_mpi_release (hashmpi);
- if (rc == GPG_ERR_NO_ERROR)
- {
- grub_dprintf ("appendedsig", "verify signer %d with key '%s' succeeded.\n",
- i, pk->subject);
- err = GRUB_ERR_NONE;
- break;
- }
-
- grub_dprintf ("appendedsig", "verify signer %d with key '%s' failed with %d\n",
- i, pk->subject, (int) rc);
+ grub_free (context);
+ if (err == GRUB_ERR_NONE)
+ break;
}
-
- grub_free (context);
- if (err == GRUB_ERR_NONE)
- break;
}
-
/* If we didn't verify, provide a neat message. */
if (err != GRUB_ERR_NONE)
err = grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_SIGNATURE,
--
2.39.5 (Apple Git-154)
_______________________________________________
Grub-devel mailing list
Grub-devel@gnu.org
https://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/grub-devel
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 27+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v4 19/23] powerpc_ieee1275: Introduce use_static_keys flag
2025-07-09 11:45 [PATCH v4 00/23] Appended Signature Secure Boot Support for PowerPC Sudhakar Kuppusamy
` (17 preceding siblings ...)
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 18/23] appendedsig: verify the kernel using " Sudhakar Kuppusamy
@ 2025-07-09 11:45 ` Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 20/23] appendedsig: Read default DB keys from the ELF Note Sudhakar Kuppusamy
` (3 subsequent siblings)
22 siblings, 0 replies; 27+ messages in thread
From: Sudhakar Kuppusamy @ 2025-07-09 11:45 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: grub-devel
Cc: jan.setjeeilers, julian.klode, mate.kukri, pjones, msuchanek,
mlewando, nayna, ltcgcw, ssrish, stefanb, avnish,
Sudhakar Kuppusamy, dja
Introduce the use_static_keys flag to indicate that static keys are to be used
rather than keys from the PKS storage's DB variable. This flag is set when
Secure Boot is enabled with PKS but the DB variable is not present in the PKS storage.
The appendedsig module would use this flag to extract the static keys from
the GRUB ELF Note and stored in the db list.
Signed-off-by: Sudhakar Kuppusamy <sudhakar@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Berger <stefanb@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Avnish Chouhan <avnish@linux.ibm.com>
---
grub-core/kern/powerpc/ieee1275/platform_keystore.c | 12 +++++++++++-
include/grub/powerpc/ieee1275/platform_keystore.h | 1 +
2 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
diff --git a/grub-core/kern/powerpc/ieee1275/platform_keystore.c b/grub-core/kern/powerpc/ieee1275/platform_keystore.c
index 3af1ea28a..cf08e39bb 100644
--- a/grub-core/kern/powerpc/ieee1275/platform_keystore.c
+++ b/grub-core/kern/powerpc/ieee1275/platform_keystore.c
@@ -40,7 +40,8 @@ static grub_size_t pks_max_object_size;
grub_uint8_t grub_pks_use_keystore = 0;
/* Platform Keystore. */
-grub_pks_t grub_pks_keystore = { .db = NULL, .dbx = NULL, .db_entries = 0, .dbx_entries = 0 };
+grub_pks_t grub_pks_keystore = { .db = NULL, .dbx = NULL, .db_entries = 0, .dbx_entries = 0,
+ .use_static_keys = false };
/* Convert the esl data into the ESL. */
static grub_esl_t *
@@ -323,6 +324,15 @@ grub_pks_keystore_init (void)
grub_memset (&grub_pks_keystore, 0, sizeof (grub_pks_t));
/* Read DB from PKS. */
rc = read_secure_boot_variables (0, DB, &grub_pks_keystore.db, &grub_pks_keystore.db_entries);
+ if (rc == GRUB_ERR_UNKNOWN_COMMAND)
+ {
+ rc = GRUB_ERR_NONE;
+ /*
+ * DB variable won't be available by default in PKS.
+ * So, it will use the static key as a default key from the GRUB ELF Note.
+ */
+ grub_pks_keystore.use_static_keys = true;
+ }
if (rc == GRUB_ERR_NONE)
{
/* Read DBX from PKS. */
diff --git a/include/grub/powerpc/ieee1275/platform_keystore.h b/include/grub/powerpc/ieee1275/platform_keystore.h
index d48c60200..fc3996937 100644
--- a/include/grub/powerpc/ieee1275/platform_keystore.h
+++ b/include/grub/powerpc/ieee1275/platform_keystore.h
@@ -108,6 +108,7 @@ struct grub_pks
grub_pks_sd_t *dbx; /* Forbidden signature database. */
grub_size_t db_entries; /* Size of signature database. */
grub_size_t dbx_entries; /* Size of forbidden signature database. */
+ bool use_static_keys; /* Flag to indicate use of static keys. */
} GRUB_PACKED;
typedef struct grub_pks grub_pks_t;
--
2.39.5 (Apple Git-154)
_______________________________________________
Grub-devel mailing list
Grub-devel@gnu.org
https://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/grub-devel
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 27+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v4 20/23] appendedsig: Read default DB keys from the ELF Note
2025-07-09 11:45 [PATCH v4 00/23] Appended Signature Secure Boot Support for PowerPC Sudhakar Kuppusamy
` (18 preceding siblings ...)
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 19/23] powerpc_ieee1275: Introduce use_static_keys flag Sudhakar Kuppusamy
@ 2025-07-09 11:45 ` Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 21/23] appendedsig: Introduce GRUB commands to access db and dbx Sudhakar Kuppusamy
` (2 subsequent siblings)
22 siblings, 0 replies; 27+ messages in thread
From: Sudhakar Kuppusamy @ 2025-07-09 11:45 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: grub-devel
Cc: jan.setjeeilers, julian.klode, mate.kukri, pjones, msuchanek,
mlewando, nayna, ltcgcw, ssrish, stefanb, avnish,
Sudhakar Kuppusamy, dja
If Secure Boot is enabled with PKS and the use_static_keys flag is set,
then read the static keys as a DB default keys from the ELF note and
add stored in the db list.
Signed-off-by: Sudhakar Kuppusamy <sudhakar@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Berger <stefanb@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Avnish Chouhan <avnish@linux.ibm.com>
---
grub-core/commands/appendedsig/appendedsig.c | 59 ++++++++++++++------
1 file changed, 43 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)
diff --git a/grub-core/commands/appendedsig/appendedsig.c b/grub-core/commands/appendedsig/appendedsig.c
index 1224fab9e..733cb32db 100644
--- a/grub-core/commands/appendedsig/appendedsig.c
+++ b/grub-core/commands/appendedsig/appendedsig.c
@@ -989,7 +989,7 @@ create_dbx_list (void)
* parse it, and add it to the db list.
*/
static grub_err_t
-build_static_db_list (const struct grub_module_header *header)
+build_static_db_list (const struct grub_module_header *header, const bool is_pks)
{
grub_err_t err;
struct grub_file pseudo_file;
@@ -1008,6 +1008,12 @@ build_static_db_list (const struct grub_module_header *header)
if (err != GRUB_ERR_NONE)
return err;
+ if (is_pks == true)
+ {
+ if (is_dbx_cert_hash (cert_data, cert_data_size) == true)
+ return GRUB_ERR_ACCESS_DENIED;
+ }
+
err = add_certificate (cert_data, cert_data_size, &db, true);
grub_free (cert_data);
@@ -1060,6 +1066,25 @@ free_dbx_list (void)
grub_memset (&dbx, 0, sizeof (dbx));
}
+static grub_err_t
+load_static_keys (const struct grub_module_header *header, const bool is_pks)
+{
+ int rc = GRUB_ERR_NONE;
+
+ FOR_MODULES (header)
+ {
+ /* Not an ELF module, skip. */
+ if (header->type != OBJ_TYPE_X509_PUBKEY)
+ continue;
+
+ rc = build_static_db_list (header, is_pks);
+ if (rc != GRUB_ERR_NONE)
+ return rc;
+ }
+
+ return rc;
+}
+
GRUB_MOD_INIT (appendedsig)
{
int rc;
@@ -1078,26 +1103,28 @@ GRUB_MOD_INIT (appendedsig)
if (!grub_pks_use_keystore && check_sigs == CHECK_SIGS_FORCED)
{
- FOR_MODULES (header)
+ rc = load_static_keys (header, false);
+ if (rc != GRUB_ERR_NONE)
{
- /* Not an ELF module, skip. */
- if (header->type != OBJ_TYPE_X509_PUBKEY)
- continue;
-
- rc = build_static_db_list (header);
- if (rc != GRUB_ERR_NONE)
- {
- free_db_list ();
- grub_error (rc, "static db list creation failed.");
- }
- else
- grub_dprintf ("appendedsig", "the db list now has %" PRIuGRUB_SIZE " static keys.\n",
- db.cert_entries);
+ free_db_list ();
+ grub_error (rc, "static db list creation failed.");
}
+ else
+ grub_dprintf ("appendedsig", "the db list now has %" PRIuGRUB_SIZE " static keys.\n",
+ db.cert_entries);
}
else if (grub_pks_use_keystore && check_sigs == CHECK_SIGS_FORCED)
{
- rc = create_db_list ();
+
+ if (grub_pks_keystore.use_static_keys == true)
+ {
+ grub_printf ("Warning: db variable is not available at PKS and using a static keys "
+ "as a default key in db list\n");
+ rc = load_static_keys (header, grub_pks_keystore.use_static_keys);
+ }
+ else
+ rc = create_db_list ();
+
if (rc != GRUB_ERR_NONE)
{
free_db_list ();
--
2.39.5 (Apple Git-154)
_______________________________________________
Grub-devel mailing list
Grub-devel@gnu.org
https://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/grub-devel
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 27+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v4 21/23] appendedsig: Introduce GRUB commands to access db and dbx
2025-07-09 11:45 [PATCH v4 00/23] Appended Signature Secure Boot Support for PowerPC Sudhakar Kuppusamy
` (19 preceding siblings ...)
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 20/23] appendedsig: Read default DB keys from the ELF Note Sudhakar Kuppusamy
@ 2025-07-09 11:45 ` Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 22/23] appendedsig: Documentation Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 23/23] appendedsig test: Replace the certificate number with an x.509 certificate Sudhakar Kuppusamy
22 siblings, 0 replies; 27+ messages in thread
From: Sudhakar Kuppusamy @ 2025-07-09 11:45 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: grub-devel
Cc: jan.setjeeilers, julian.klode, mate.kukri, pjones, msuchanek,
mlewando, nayna, ltcgcw, ssrish, stefanb, avnish,
Sudhakar Kuppusamy, dja
Introducing the following db and dbx commands
1. append_list_db:
It will show the list of trusted certificates and binary hashes
2. append_list_dbx:
It will show the list of distrusted certificates and binary/certificate hashes
3. append_add_db_cert:
It will add the trusted certificate to the db list
4. append_add_db_sig:
It will add the certificate/binary hash to the db list
5. append_rm_dbx_cert:
It will remove the trusted certificate from the db list
6. append_add_dbx_sig:
It will add the certificate/binary hash to the dbx list
Note:-
The addition/deletion of trusted certificates and binary hashes
are not allowed in GRUB command prompt while secure boot is enabled.
Signed-off-by: Sudhakar Kuppusamy <sudhakar@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Avnish Chouhan <avnish@linux.ibm.com>
---
grub-core/commands/appendedsig/appendedsig.c | 416 +++++++++++++++----
1 file changed, 337 insertions(+), 79 deletions(-)
diff --git a/grub-core/commands/appendedsig/appendedsig.c b/grub-core/commands/appendedsig/appendedsig.c
index 733cb32db..c9b733350 100644
--- a/grub-core/commands/appendedsig/appendedsig.c
+++ b/grub-core/commands/appendedsig/appendedsig.c
@@ -103,6 +103,38 @@ static enum
CHECK_SIGS_FORCED = 2
} check_sigs = CHECK_SIGS_NO;
+enum
+{
+ OPTION_BINARY_HASH = 0,
+ OPTION_CERT_HASH = 1
+};
+
+static const struct grub_arg_option options[] =
+{
+ {"binary-hash", 'b', 0, N_("hash file of the binary."), 0, ARG_TYPE_NONE},
+ {"cert-hash", 'c', 1, N_("hash file of the certificate."), 0, ARG_TYPE_NONE},
+ {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}
+};
+
+static void
+print_hex (const grub_uint8_t *data, const grub_size_t length)
+{
+ grub_size_t i, count = 0;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < length-1; i++)
+ {
+ grub_printf ("%02x:", data[i]);
+ count++;
+ if (count == 16)
+ {
+ grub_printf ("\n\t ");
+ count = 0;
+ }
+ }
+
+ grub_printf ("%02x\n", data[i]);
+}
+
/*
* GUID can be used to determine the hashing function and
* generate the hash using determined hashing function.
@@ -616,132 +648,342 @@ static grub_err_t
grub_cmd_verify_signature (grub_command_t cmd __attribute__ ((unused)), int argc, char **args)
{
grub_file_t signed_file;
- grub_err_t err = GRUB_ERR_NONE;
- grub_uint8_t *data;
- grub_size_t file_size;
+ grub_err_t err;
+ grub_uint8_t *signed_data;
+ grub_size_t signed_data_size;
if (argc != 1)
- return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_ARGUMENT, "one argument expected.");
+ {
+ grub_printf ("a signed file is expected.\n"
+ "Example:\n\tappend_verify <SIGNED FILE>\n");
+ return GRUB_ERR_BAD_ARGUMENT;
+ }
grub_dprintf ("appendedsig", "verifying %s\n", args[0]);
signed_file = grub_file_open (args[0], GRUB_FILE_TYPE_VERIFY_SIGNATURE);
if (signed_file == NULL)
- return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILE_TYPE, "could not open %s file.", args[0]);
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_FILE_NOT_FOUND, "could not open %s file.", args[0]);
- err = file_read_all (signed_file, &data, &file_size);
+ err = file_read_all (signed_file, &signed_data, &signed_data_size);
if (err == GRUB_ERR_NONE)
- err = grub_verify_appended_signature (data, file_size);
+ err = grub_verify_appended_signature (signed_data, signed_data_size);
grub_file_close (signed_file);
- grub_free (data);
+ grub_free (signed_data);
return err;
}
static grub_err_t
-grub_cmd_dbx (grub_command_t cmd __attribute__ ((unused)), int argc, char **args)
+grub_cmd_list_db (grub_command_t cmd __attribute__((unused)),
+ int argc __attribute__((unused)), char **args __attribute__((unused)))
+{
+ struct x509_certificate *cert;
+ grub_size_t i, cert_num = 1;
+
+ for (cert = db.certs; cert; cert = cert->next)
+ {
+ grub_printf ("trusted certificate %" PRIuGRUB_SIZE ":\n", cert_num);
+ grub_printf ("\tserial: ");
+
+ for (i = 0; i < cert->serial_len - 1; i++)
+ grub_printf ("%02x:", cert->serial[i]);
+
+ grub_printf ("%02x\n", cert->serial[cert->serial_len - 1]);
+ grub_printf ("\tCN: %s\n\n", cert->subject);
+ cert_num++;
+ }
+
+ for (i = 0; i < db.signature_entries; i++)
+ {
+ grub_printf ("trusted binary hash %" PRIuGRUB_SIZE ":\n", i + 1);
+ grub_printf ("\thash: ");
+ print_hex (db.signatures[i], db.signature_size[i]);
+ }
+
+ return GRUB_ERR_NONE;
+}
+
+static grub_err_t
+grub_cmd_list_dbx (grub_command_t cmd __attribute__((unused)),
+ int argc __attribute__((unused)), char **args __attribute__((unused)))
{
- unsigned long cert_num, i = 0;
- const char *end;
- struct x509_certificate *cert, *prev_cert;
+ struct x509_certificate *cert;
+ grub_size_t i, cert_num = 1;
+
+ for (cert = dbx.certs; cert; cert = cert->next)
+ {
+ grub_printf ("distrusted certificate %" PRIuGRUB_SIZE ":\n", cert_num);
+ grub_printf ("\tserial: ");
+
+ for (i = 0; i < cert->serial_len - 1; i++)
+ grub_printf ("%02x:", cert->serial[i]);
+
+ grub_printf ("%02x\n", cert->serial[cert->serial_len - 1]);
+ grub_printf ("\tCN: %s\n\n", cert->subject);
+ cert_num++;
+ }
+
+ for (i = 0; i < dbx.signature_entries; i++)
+ {
+ grub_printf ("distrusted certificate/binary hash %" PRIuGRUB_SIZE ":\n", i + 1);
+ grub_printf ("\thash: ");
+ print_hex (dbx.signatures[i], dbx.signature_size[i]);
+ }
+
+ return GRUB_ERR_NONE;
+}
+
+static grub_err_t
+grub_cmd_db_cert (grub_command_t cmd __attribute__((unused)), int argc, char **args)
+{
+ grub_err_t err;
+ grub_file_t cert_file;
+ grub_uint8_t *cert_data = NULL;
+ grub_size_t cert_data_size = 0;
if (argc != 1)
- return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_ARGUMENT, "one argument expected.");
+ {
+ grub_printf ("a trusted X.509 certificate file is expected in DER format.\n"
+ "Example:\n\tappend_add_db_cert <CERT FILE>\n");
+ return GRUB_ERR_BAD_ARGUMENT;
+ }
- cert_num = grub_strtoul (args[0], &end, 10);
- if (*(args[0]) == '\0' || *end != '\0')
- return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_ARGUMENT,
- "non-numeric or certificate number is invalid %s", args[0]);
- else if (cert_num == 0)
- return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE, "certificate numbers start at 1.");
+ if (check_sigs == CHECK_SIGS_FORCED)
+ {
+ grub_printf ("Warning: since secure boot is enabled, "
+ "adding of trusted X.509 certificate is not permitted!\n");
+ return GRUB_ERR_ACCESS_DENIED;
+ }
- for (cert = prev_cert = db.certs; cert != NULL; cert = cert->next)
+ if (grub_strlen (args[0]) == 0)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILENAME, "missing trusted X.509 certificate file.");
+
+ cert_file = grub_file_open (args[0], GRUB_FILE_TYPE_CERTIFICATE_TRUST |
+ GRUB_FILE_TYPE_NO_DECOMPRESS);
+ if (cert_file == NULL)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_FILE_NOT_FOUND, "unable to open the trusted X.509 certificate file.");
+
+ err = file_read_all (cert_file, &cert_data, &cert_data_size);
+ if (err != GRUB_ERR_NONE)
+ goto cleanup;
+
+ err = add_certificate (cert_data, cert_data_size, &db, true);
+ if (err != GRUB_ERR_NONE)
{
- if (cert_num == 1) /* Match with first certificate in the db. */
- {
- db.certs = cert->next;
- break;
- }
- else if (cert_num == i)
- {
- prev_cert->next = cert->next;
- break;
- }
+ free_db_list ();
+ free_dbx_list ();
+ err = grub_error (err, "adding of trusted certificate failed.");
+ }
+
+ cleanup:
+ grub_file_close (cert_file);
+ grub_free (cert_data);
- prev_cert = cert;
- i++;
+ return err;
+}
+
+static grub_err_t
+grub_cmd_db_sig (grub_command_t cmd __attribute__((unused)), int argc, char**args)
+{
+ grub_err_t rc;
+ grub_file_t hash_file;
+ grub_uint8_t *hash_data = NULL;
+ grub_size_t hash_data_size = 0;
+
+ if (argc != 1)
+ {
+ grub_printf ("a trusted binary hash file is expected.\n"
+ "Example:\n\tappend_add_db_sig <BINARY HASH FILE>\n");
+ return GRUB_ERR_BAD_ARGUMENT;
}
- if (cert != NULL)
+ if (check_sigs == CHECK_SIGS_FORCED)
{
- db.cert_entries--;
- certificate_release (cert);
- grub_free (cert);
- return GRUB_ERR_NONE;
+ grub_printf ("Warning: since secure boot is enabled, "
+ "adding of trusted binary hash is not permitted!\n");
+ return GRUB_ERR_ACCESS_DENIED;
}
- return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_ARGUMENT,
- "not found certificate number %lu in the db.", cert_num);
+ if (grub_strlen (args[0]) == 0)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILENAME, "missing trusted binary hash file");
+
+ hash_file = grub_file_open (args[0], GRUB_FILE_TYPE_TO_HASH | GRUB_FILE_TYPE_NO_DECOMPRESS);
+ if (hash_file == NULL)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_FILE_NOT_FOUND, "unable to open the trusted binary hash file");
+
+ rc = file_read_all (hash_file, &hash_data, &hash_data_size);
+ if (rc != GRUB_ERR_NONE)
+ goto cleanup;
+
+ grub_dprintf ("appendedsig", "adding a trusted binary hash %s\n with size of %" PRIuGRUB_SIZE "\n",
+ hash_data, hash_data_size);
+
+ /* Only accept SHA256, SHA384 and SHA512 binary hash */
+ if (hash_data_size != 32 && hash_data_size != 48 && hash_data_size != 64)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_SIGNATURE, "unacceptable trusted binary hash type.");
+
+ rc = add_hash ((const grub_uint8_t **) &hash_data, hash_data_size, &db.signatures,
+ &db.signature_size, &db.signature_entries);
+ if (rc != GRUB_ERR_NONE)
+ {
+ free_db_list ();
+ free_dbx_list ();
+ rc = grub_error (rc, "adding of trusted binary hash failed.");
+ }
+
+ cleanup:
+ grub_file_close (hash_file);
+ grub_free (hash_data);
+
+ return rc;
}
static grub_err_t
-grub_cmd_db (grub_command_t cmd __attribute__ ((unused)), int argc, char **args)
+grub_cmd_dbx_cert (grub_command_t cmd __attribute__ ((unused)), int argc, char **args)
{
- grub_file_t certf;
- struct x509_certificate *cert = NULL;
+ grub_size_t i;
grub_err_t err;
+ grub_file_t cert_file;
+ struct x509_certificate *current_cert = db.certs;
+ struct x509_certificate *previous_cert = NULL;
+ struct x509_certificate *cert = NULL;
+ bool is_cert_found = false;
if (argc != 1)
- return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_ARGUMENT, "one argument expected.");
+ {
+ grub_printf ("a distrusted X.509 certificate file is expected in DER format.\n"
+ "Example:\n\tappend_rm_dbx_cert <CERT FILE>\n");
+ return GRUB_ERR_BAD_ARGUMENT;
+ }
+
+ if (check_sigs == CHECK_SIGS_FORCED)
+ {
+ grub_printf ("Warning: since secure boot is enabled, "
+ "adding of distrusted X.509 certificate is not permitted!\n");
+ return GRUB_ERR_ACCESS_DENIED;
+ }
- certf = grub_file_open (args[0], GRUB_FILE_TYPE_CERTIFICATE_TRUST | GRUB_FILE_TYPE_NO_DECOMPRESS);
- if (certf == NULL)
- return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILE_TYPE, "could not open %s file.", args[0]);
+ if (grub_strlen (args[0]) == 0)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILENAME, "missing distrusted X.509 certificate file.");
+
+ cert_file = grub_file_open (args[0], GRUB_FILE_TYPE_CERTIFICATE_TRUST |
+ GRUB_FILE_TYPE_NO_DECOMPRESS);
+ if (cert_file == NULL)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_FILE_NOT_FOUND, "unable to open the distrusted X.509 certificate file.");
cert = grub_zalloc (sizeof (struct x509_certificate));
if (cert == NULL)
return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY, "could not allocate memory for certificate.");
- err = read_cert_from_file (certf, cert);
- grub_file_close (certf);
+ err = read_cert_from_file (cert_file, cert);
+ grub_file_close (cert_file);
if (err != GRUB_ERR_NONE)
{
grub_free (cert);
return err;
}
- grub_dprintf ("appendedsig", "loaded certificate with CN: %s\n", cert->subject);
+ for (i = 0; i <= db.cert_entries; i++)
+ {
+ if (is_cert_match (current_cert, cert) == true)
+ {
+ if (i == 0) /* Match with first certificate in the db list. */
+ db.certs = current_cert->next;
+ else
+ previous_cert->next = current_cert->next;
- cert->next = db.certs;
- db.certs = cert;
- db.cert_entries++;
+ current_cert->next = NULL;
+ certificate_release (current_cert);
+ grub_free (current_cert);
+ db.cert_entries--;
+ is_cert_found = true;
+ break;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ previous_cert = current_cert;
+ current_cert = current_cert->next;
+ }
+ }
- return GRUB_ERR_NONE;
+ if (is_cert_found == false)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_UNKNOWN_COMMAND,
+ "not found certificate CN=%s in the db list.", cert->subject);
+
+ return err;
}
static grub_err_t
-grub_cmd_list (grub_command_t cmd __attribute__ ((unused)), int argc __attribute__ ((unused)),
- char **args __attribute__ ((unused)))
+grub_cmd_dbx_sig (grub_extcmd_context_t ctxt, int argc, char **args)
{
- struct x509_certificate *cert;
- int cert_num = 1;
- grub_size_t i;
+ grub_err_t rc;
+ grub_file_t hash_file = NULL;
+ grub_uint8_t *hash_data = NULL;
+ grub_size_t hash_data_size = 0;
- for (cert = db.certs; cert != NULL; cert = cert->next)
+ if (argc != 2)
{
- grub_printf ("Certificate %d:\n", cert_num);
- grub_printf ("\tSerial: ");
+ grub_printf ("a distrusted certificate/binary hash file is expected\n"
+ "Example:\n\tappend_rm_dbx_sig [option] <FILE>\n"
+ "option:\n[-b|--binary-hash] FILE [BINARY HASH FILE]\n"
+ "[-c|--cert-hash] FILE [CERTFICATE HASH FILE]\n");
+ return GRUB_ERR_BAD_ARGUMENT;
+ }
- for (i = 0; i < cert->serial_len - 1; i++)
- grub_printf ("%02x:", cert->serial[i]);
+ if (check_sigs == CHECK_SIGS_FORCED)
+ {
+ grub_printf ("Warning: since secure boot is enabled, "
+ "adding of distrusted certificate/binary hash is not permitted!\n");
+ return GRUB_ERR_ACCESS_DENIED;
+ }
- grub_printf ("%02x\n", cert->serial[cert->serial_len - 1]);
- grub_printf ("\tCN: %s\n\n", cert->subject);
- cert_num++;
+ if (!ctxt->state[OPTION_BINARY_HASH].set && !ctxt->state[OPTION_CERT_HASH].set)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_ARGUMENT, "missing options and use --help to konw.");
+
+ if (grub_strlen (args[1]) == 0)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_FILENAME, "missing distrusted certificate/binary hash file.");
+
+ hash_file = grub_file_open (args[1], GRUB_FILE_TYPE_TO_HASH | GRUB_FILE_TYPE_NO_DECOMPRESS);
+ if (hash_file == NULL)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_FILE_NOT_FOUND,
+ "unable to open the distrusted certificate/binary hash file.");
+
+ rc = file_read_all (hash_file, &hash_data, &hash_data_size);
+ if (rc != GRUB_ERR_NONE)
+ goto cleanup;
+
+ grub_dprintf ("appendedsig", "adding a distrusted certificate/binary hash %s\n"
+ " with size of %" PRIuGRUB_SIZE "\n", hash_data, hash_data_size);
+
+ if (ctxt->state[OPTION_BINARY_HASH].set)
+ {
+ /* Only accept SHA256, SHA384 and SHA512 binary hash */
+ if (hash_data_size != 32 && hash_data_size != 48 && hash_data_size != 64)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_SIGNATURE, "unacceptable distrusted binary hash type.");
+ }
+ else if (ctxt->state[OPTION_CERT_HASH].set)
+ {
+ /* Only accept SHA256, SHA384 and SHA512 certificate hash */
+ if (hash_data_size != 32 && hash_data_size != 48 && hash_data_size != 64)
+ return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_BAD_SIGNATURE, "unacceptable distrusted certificate hash type.");
}
- return GRUB_ERR_NONE;
+ rc = add_hash ((const grub_uint8_t **) &hash_data, hash_data_size, &dbx.signatures,
+ &dbx.signature_size, &dbx.signature_entries);
+ if (rc != GRUB_ERR_NONE)
+ {
+ free_db_list ();
+ free_dbx_list ();
+ rc = grub_error (rc, "adding of distrusted binary/certificate hash failed.");
+ }
+
+ cleanup:
+ grub_file_close (hash_file);
+ grub_free (hash_data);
+
+ return rc;
}
static grub_err_t
@@ -817,8 +1059,6 @@ static struct grub_fs pseudo_fs = {
.fs_read = pseudo_read
};
-static grub_command_t cmd_verify, cmd_list, cmd_dbx, cmd_db;
-
/* Check the certificate hash presence in the dbx list. */
static bool
is_dbx_cert_hash (const grub_uint8_t *data, const grub_size_t data_size)
@@ -1085,6 +1325,10 @@ load_static_keys (const struct grub_module_header *header, const bool is_pks)
return rc;
}
+static grub_extcmd_t cmd_dbx_sig;
+static grub_command_t cmd_verify, cmd_list_db, cmd_db_cert, cmd_db_sig,
+ cmd_list_dbx, cmd_dbx_cert;
+
GRUB_MOD_INIT (appendedsig)
{
int rc;
@@ -1147,14 +1391,25 @@ GRUB_MOD_INIT (appendedsig)
grub_pks_free_keystore ();
}
- cmd_db = grub_register_command ("append_add_db_cert", grub_cmd_db, N_("X509_CERTIFICATE"),
- N_("Add trusted X509_CERTIFICATE to the db"));
- cmd_list = grub_register_command ("append_list_db", grub_cmd_list, 0,
- N_("Show the list of trusted X.509 certificates from the db"));
+ cmd_db_cert = grub_register_command ("append_add_db_cert", grub_cmd_db_cert, N_("X509_CERTIFICATE"),
+ N_("Add X509_CERTIFICATE to the db list."));
+ cmd_db_sig = grub_register_command ("append_add_db_sig", grub_cmd_db_sig, N_("BINARY HASH FILE"),
+ N_("Add trusted BINARY HASH to the db list."));
+ cmd_dbx_cert = grub_register_command ("append_rm_dbx_cert", grub_cmd_dbx_cert, N_("X509_CERTIFICATE"),
+ N_("Remove X509_CERTIFICATE from the db list."));
+ cmd_dbx_sig = grub_register_extcmd ("append_add_dbx_sig", grub_cmd_dbx_sig, 0,
+ N_("[-b|--binary-hash] FILE [BINARY HASH FILE]\n"
+ "[-c|--cert-hash] FILE [CERTFICATE HASH FILE]"),
+ N_("Add distrusted CERTFICATE/BINARY HASH to the db list."), options);
+ cmd_list_db = grub_register_command ("append_list_db", grub_cmd_list_db, 0,
+ N_("Show the list of trusted x509 certificates and"
+ " trusted binary hashes from the db list."));
+ cmd_list_dbx = grub_register_command ("append_list_dbx", grub_cmd_list_dbx, 0,
+ N_("Show the list of distrusted certificates and"
+ " certificate/binary hashes from the dbx list"));
cmd_verify = grub_register_command ("append_verify", grub_cmd_verify_signature, N_("FILE"),
- N_("Verify FILE against the trusted X.509 certificates in the db"));
- cmd_dbx = grub_register_command ("append_rm_dbx_cert", grub_cmd_dbx, N_("CERT_NUMBER"),
- N_("Remove CERT_NUMBER (as listed by append_list_db) from the db"));
+ N_("Verify FILE against the trusted x509 certificates/"
+ "trusted binary hashes."));
grub_verifier_register (&grub_appendedsig_verifier);
grub_dl_set_persistent (mod);
@@ -1168,7 +1423,10 @@ GRUB_MOD_FINI (appendedsig)
*/
grub_verifier_unregister (&grub_appendedsig_verifier);
grub_unregister_command (cmd_verify);
- grub_unregister_command (cmd_list);
- grub_unregister_command (cmd_db);
- grub_unregister_command (cmd_dbx);
+ grub_unregister_command (cmd_list_db);
+ grub_unregister_command (cmd_list_dbx);
+ grub_unregister_command (cmd_db_cert);
+ grub_unregister_command (cmd_db_sig);
+ grub_unregister_command (cmd_dbx_cert);
+ grub_unregister_extcmd (cmd_dbx_sig);
}
--
2.39.5 (Apple Git-154)
_______________________________________________
Grub-devel mailing list
Grub-devel@gnu.org
https://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/grub-devel
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 27+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v4 22/23] appendedsig: Documentation
2025-07-09 11:45 [PATCH v4 00/23] Appended Signature Secure Boot Support for PowerPC Sudhakar Kuppusamy
` (20 preceding siblings ...)
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 21/23] appendedsig: Introduce GRUB commands to access db and dbx Sudhakar Kuppusamy
@ 2025-07-09 11:45 ` Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 23/23] appendedsig test: Replace the certificate number with an x.509 certificate Sudhakar Kuppusamy
22 siblings, 0 replies; 27+ messages in thread
From: Sudhakar Kuppusamy @ 2025-07-09 11:45 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: grub-devel
Cc: jan.setjeeilers, julian.klode, mate.kukri, pjones, msuchanek,
mlewando, nayna, ltcgcw, ssrish, stefanb, avnish,
Sudhakar Kuppusamy, dja
This explains how static and dynamic key appended signatures can be used to form part of
a secure boot chain, and documents the commands and variables introduced.
Signed-off-by: Sudhakar Kuppusamy <sudhakar@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Avnish Chouhan <avnish@linux.ibm.com>
---
docs/grub.texi | 90 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------
1 file changed, 62 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)
diff --git a/docs/grub.texi b/docs/grub.texi
index 67930f63d..92d23793a 100644
--- a/docs/grub.texi
+++ b/docs/grub.texi
@@ -6420,9 +6420,12 @@ you forget a command, you can run the command @command{help}
* [:: Check file types and compare values
* acpi:: Load ACPI tables
* append_add_db_cert:: Add an X.509 certificate to the db list
-* append_list_db:: List trusted certificates from the db list
+* append_add_db_sig:: Add an X.509 certificate/binary hash to the db list
+* append_add_dbx_sig:: Add an X.509 certificate/binary hash to the dbx list
+* append_list_db:: List trusted certificates/binary hashes from the db list
+* append_list_dbx:: List certificates and binary/certificate hashes from the dbx list
* append_rm_dbx_cert:: Remove a certificate from the db list
-* append_verify:: Verify appended digital signature using db list
+* append_verify:: Verify appended digital signature using db and dbx list
* authenticate:: Check whether user is in user list
* background_color:: Set background color for active terminal
* background_image:: Load background image for active terminal
@@ -6563,16 +6566,48 @@ certificates themselves.)
See @xref{Using appended signatures} for more information.
@end deffn
+@node append_add_db_sig
+@subsection append_add_db_sig
+
+@deffn Command append_add_db_sig hash_file
+Read a binary/certificate hash from the file @var{hash_file}
+and add it to GRUB's internal db list. These hash are used to validate linux image
+integrity if appended signatures validation failed when the environment variable
+@code{check_appended_signatures} is set to @code{enforce}.
+
+See @xref{Using appended signatures} for more information.
+@end deffn
+
+@node append_add_dbx_sig
+@subsection append_add_dbx_sig
+
+@deffn Command append_add_dbx_sig hash_file
+Read a binary/certificate hash from the file @var{hash_file}
+and add it to GRUB's internal dbx list. These hash are used to restrict validation
+of linux image integrity using db list if appended signatures validation failed
+when the environment variable @code{check_appended_signatures} is set to @code{enforce}.
+
+See @xref{Using appended signatures} for more information.
+@end deffn
+
@node append_list_db
@subsection append_list_db
@deffn Command append_list_db
-List all X.509 certificates trusted by GRUB for validating appended signatures.
-The output is a numbered list of certificates, showing the certificate's serial
-number and Common Name.
+List all X.509 certificates and binary hashes trusted by GRUB for validating
+appended signatures. The output is a numbered list of certificates and binary hashes,
+showing the certificate's serial number and Common Name.
+
+See @xref{Using appended signatures} for more information.
+@end deffn
+
+@node append_list_dbx
+@subsection append_list_dbx
-The certificate number can be used as an argument to
-@command{append_rm_dbx_cert} (@pxref{append_rm_dbx_cert}).
+@deffn Command append_list_dbx
+List all the distrusted x509 certificates and binary/certificate hashes.
+The output is a numbered list of certificates and binary/certificate hashes,
+showing the certificate's serial number and Common Name.
See @xref{Using appended signatures} for more information.
@end deffn
@@ -6580,29 +6615,22 @@ See @xref{Using appended signatures} for more information.
@node append_rm_dbx_cert
@subsection append_rm_dbx_cert
-@deffn Command append_rm_dbx_cert cert_number
-Remove the X.509 certificate numbered @var{cert_number} from GRUB's keyring of
-db for verifying appended signatures.
-
-@var{cert_number} is the certificate number as listed by
-@command{append_list_db} (@pxref{append_list_db}).
+@deffn Command append_rm_dbx_cert X509_certificate
+Read a DER-formatted X.509 certificate from the file @var{X509_certificate}
+and remove this certificate from db list.
-These certificates are used to validate appended signatures when environment
-variable @code{check_appended_signatures} is set to @code{enforce}
-(@pxref{check_appended_signatures}), and by @command{append_verify}
-(@pxref{append_verify}). See @xref{Using appended signatures} for more
-information.
+See @xref{Using appended signatures} for more information.
@end deffn
@node append_verify
@subsection append_verify
-@deffn Command append_verify file
-Verifies an appended signature on @var{file} against the trusted X.509 certificates
-known to GRUB (See @pxref{append_list_db}, @pxref{append_add_db_cert}, and
-@pxref{append_rm_dbx_cert}).
-Exit code @code{$?} is set to 0 if the signature validates
-successfully. If validation fails, it is set to a non-zero value.
+@deffn Command append_verify signed_file
+Verifies an appended signature on @var{signed_file} against the trusted X.509 certificates
+known to GRUB (See @pxref{append_list_db},@pxref{append_list_dbx}, @pxref{append_add_db_cert},
+@pxref{append_add_db_sig}, @pxref{append_add_dbx_sig}, and @pxref{append_rm_dbx_cert}).
+Exit code @code{$?} is set to 0 if the signature validates successfully.
+If validation fails, it is set to a non-zero value.
See @xref{Using appended signatures}, for more information.
@end deffn
@@ -8925,10 +8953,16 @@ To enable appended signature verification, load the appendedsig module and an
x509 certificate for verification. Building the appendedsig module into the
core grub image is recommended.
-Certificates can be managed at boot time using the @pxref{append_add_db_cert},
-@pxref{append_rm_dbx_cert} and @pxref{append_list_db} commands.
-Certificates can also be built in to the core image using the @code{--x509}
-parameter to @command{grub-install} or @command{grub-mkimage}.
+For static key secure boot, certificates will be built in to the core image using
+the @code{--x509} parameter to @command{grub-install} or @command{grub-mkimage}.
+It allows listing the trusted certificates and binary hashes at boot time using
+@pxref{append_list_db} command.
+
+For dynamic key secure boot, it loads the db and dbx from Platform KeyStore (PKS).
+It allows listing the trusted certificates and binary hashes at boot time using
+@pxref{append_list_db} and listing distrusted certificates and binary/certificate
+hashes at boot time using @pxref{append_list_dbx} commands.
+
A file can be explicitly verified using the @pxref{append_verify} command.
Only signatures made with the SHA-256 or SHA-512 hash algorithm are supported,
--
2.39.5 (Apple Git-154)
_______________________________________________
Grub-devel mailing list
Grub-devel@gnu.org
https://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/grub-devel
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 27+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v4 23/23] appendedsig test: Replace the certificate number with an x.509 certificate
2025-07-09 11:45 [PATCH v4 00/23] Appended Signature Secure Boot Support for PowerPC Sudhakar Kuppusamy
` (21 preceding siblings ...)
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 22/23] appendedsig: Documentation Sudhakar Kuppusamy
@ 2025-07-09 11:45 ` Sudhakar Kuppusamy
22 siblings, 0 replies; 27+ messages in thread
From: Sudhakar Kuppusamy @ 2025-07-09 11:45 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: grub-devel
Cc: jan.setjeeilers, julian.klode, mate.kukri, pjones, msuchanek,
mlewando, nayna, ltcgcw, ssrish, stefanb, avnish,
Sudhakar Kuppusamy, dja
The GRUB command append_rm_dbx_cert removing the certificate from
the db list based on x.509 certificate instead of certificate number.
So, replacing the certificate number with an x.509 certificate.
Signed-off-by: Sudhakar Kuppusamy <sudhakar@linux.ibm.com>
---
grub-core/tests/appended_signature_test.c | 20 +++++++++-----------
1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)
diff --git a/grub-core/tests/appended_signature_test.c b/grub-core/tests/appended_signature_test.c
index ce4c60276..b24fbf621 100644
--- a/grub-core/tests/appended_signature_test.c
+++ b/grub-core/tests/appended_signature_test.c
@@ -104,8 +104,6 @@ appended_signature_test (void)
char *trust_args2[] = { (char *) "(proc)/certificate2.der", NULL };
char *trust_args_printable[] = { (char *) "(proc)/certificate_printable.der", NULL };
char *trust_args_eku[] = { (char *) "(proc)/certificate_eku.der", NULL };
- char *distrust_args[] = { (char *) "1", NULL };
- char *distrust2_args[] = { (char *) "2", NULL };
grub_err_t err;
grub_procfs_register ("certificate.der", &certificate_der_entry);
@@ -189,7 +187,7 @@ appended_signature_test (void)
* removed by position in the list. Current the list looks like [#2, #1].
*
* First test removing the second certificate in the db list, which is
- * certificate #1, giving us just [#2].
+ * certificate #1.
*/
cmd_distrust = grub_command_find ("append_rm_dbx_cert");
if (cmd_distrust == NULL)
@@ -198,7 +196,7 @@ appended_signature_test (void)
return;
}
- err = (cmd_distrust->func) (cmd_distrust, 1, distrust2_args);
+ err = (cmd_distrust->func) (cmd_distrust, 1, trust_args);
grub_test_assert (err == GRUB_ERR_NONE, "distrusting certificate 1 failed: %d: %s",
grub_errno, grub_errmsg);
DO_TEST (hi_signed_2nd, 1);
@@ -211,18 +209,18 @@ appended_signature_test (void)
grub_errno, grub_errmsg);
DO_TEST (hi_signed, 1);
- /* Remove the first certificate in the db list, giving us just [#2]. */
- err = (cmd_distrust->func) (cmd_distrust, 1, distrust_args);
- grub_test_assert (err == GRUB_ERR_NONE, "distrusting certificate 1 (first time) failed: %d: %s",
+ /* Remove the first certificate in the db list, which is certificate #2. */
+ err = (cmd_distrust->func) (cmd_distrust, 1, trust_args2);
+ grub_test_assert (err == GRUB_ERR_NONE, "distrusting certificate 2 (first time) failed: %d: %s",
grub_errno, grub_errmsg);
- DO_TEST (hi_signed_2nd, 1);
- DO_TEST (hi_signed, 0);
+ DO_TEST (hi_signed_2nd, 0);
+ DO_TEST (hi_signed, 1);
/*
- * Remove the first certificate again, giving an empty db list.
+ * Remove the certificate#1 again, giving an empty db list.
* append_verify should fail if there are no certificates to verify against.
*/
- err = (cmd_distrust->func) (cmd_distrust, 1, distrust_args);
+ err = (cmd_distrust->func) (cmd_distrust, 1, trust_args);
grub_test_assert (err == GRUB_ERR_NONE, "distrusting certificate 1 (second time) failed: %d: %s",
grub_errno, grub_errmsg);
DO_TEST (hi_signed_2nd, 0);
--
2.39.5 (Apple Git-154)
_______________________________________________
Grub-devel mailing list
Grub-devel@gnu.org
https://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/grub-devel
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 27+ messages in thread
* Re: [PATCH v4 04/23] pgp: Factor out rsa_pad
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 04/23] pgp: Factor out rsa_pad Sudhakar Kuppusamy
@ 2025-07-24 8:55 ` Gary Lin via Grub-devel
2025-07-31 12:01 ` Sudhakar Kuppusamy
0 siblings, 1 reply; 27+ messages in thread
From: Gary Lin via Grub-devel @ 2025-07-24 8:55 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: The development of GNU GRUB
Cc: Gary Lin, jan.setjeeilers, julian.klode, mate.kukri, pjones,
msuchanek, mlewando, nayna, ltcgcw, ssrish, stefanb, avnish,
Daniel Axtens, Sudhakar Kuppusamy, Daniel Kiper
On Wed, Jul 09, 2025 at 05:15:21PM +0530, Sudhakar Kuppusamy wrote:
> From: Daniel Axtens <dja@axtens.net>
>
> rsa_pad does the PKCS#1 v1.5 padding for the RSA signature scheme.
> We want to use it in other RSA signature verification applications.
>
> I considered and rejected putting it in lib/crypto.c. That file doesn't
> currently require any MPI functions, but rsa_pad does. That's not so
> much of a problem for the grub kernel and modules, but crypto.c also
> gets built into all the grub utilities. So - despite the utils not
> using any asymmetric ciphers - we would need to built the entire MPI
> infrastructure in to them.
>
> A better and simpler solution is just to spin rsa_pad out into its own
> PKCS#1 v1.5 module.
>
The libgcrypt 1.11.0 patches were merged recently, and it seems not
necessary to factor out rsa_pad anymore. The verification can be done
with S-expression like this:
_gcry_sexp_build (&s_sig, NULL, "(sig-val(rsa(s %M)))", si->sig_mpi);
_gcry_sexp_build (&s_data, NULL, "(data (flags pkcs1)(hash %s %b))", si->hash->name, si->hash->mdlen, hash);
_gcry_sexp_build (&s_key, NULL, "(public-key(rsa(n%M)(e%M)))", cert->mpis[0], cert->mpis[1]);
_gcry_pubkey_spec_rsa.verify (s_sig, s_data, s_key);
Gary Lin
> Signed-off-by: Daniel Axtens <dja@axtens.net>
> Signed-off-by: Sudhakar Kuppusamy <sudhakar@linux.ibm.com>
> Reviewed-by: Stefan Berger <stefanb@linux.ibm.com>
> Reviewed-by: Avnish Chouhan <avnish@linux.ibm.com>
> Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
> ---
> grub-core/Makefile.core.def | 9 ++++++
> grub-core/commands/pgp.c | 28 ++--------------
> grub-core/lib/pkcs1_v15.c | 64 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> include/grub/pkcs1_v15.h | 27 ++++++++++++++++
> 4 files changed, 102 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)
> create mode 100644 grub-core/lib/pkcs1_v15.c
> create mode 100644 include/grub/pkcs1_v15.h
>
> diff --git a/grub-core/Makefile.core.def b/grub-core/Makefile.core.def
> index 24e8c8437..f19071e22 100644
> --- a/grub-core/Makefile.core.def
> +++ b/grub-core/Makefile.core.def
> @@ -2545,6 +2545,15 @@ module = {
> cppflags = '$(CPPFLAGS_GCRY)';
> };
>
> +module = {
> + name = pkcs1_v15;
> + common = lib/pkcs1_v15.c;
> +
> + cflags = '$(CFLAGS_GCRY) -Wno-redundant-decls -Wno-sign-compare';
> + cppflags = '$(CPPFLAGS_GCRY)';
> + depends = mpi;
> +};
> +
> module = {
> name = all_video;
> common = lib/fake_module.c;
> diff --git a/grub-core/commands/pgp.c b/grub-core/commands/pgp.c
> index 5fadc33c4..c80f6cbad 100644
> --- a/grub-core/commands/pgp.c
> +++ b/grub-core/commands/pgp.c
> @@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
> #include <grub/file.h>
> #include <grub/command.h>
> #include <grub/crypto.h>
> +#include <grub/pkcs1_v15.h>
> #include <grub/i18n.h>
> #include <grub/gcrypt/gcrypt.h>
> #include <grub/pubkey.h>
> @@ -411,32 +412,7 @@ static int
> rsa_pad (gcry_mpi_t *hmpi, grub_uint8_t *hval,
> const gcry_md_spec_t *hash, struct grub_public_subkey *sk)
> {
> - grub_size_t tlen, emlen, fflen;
> - grub_uint8_t *em, *emptr;
> - unsigned nbits = gcry_mpi_get_nbits (sk->mpis[0]);
> - int ret;
> - tlen = hash->mdlen + hash->asnlen;
> - emlen = (nbits + 7) / 8;
> - if (emlen < tlen + 11)
> - return 1;
> -
> - em = grub_malloc (emlen);
> - if (!em)
> - return 1;
> -
> - em[0] = 0x00;
> - em[1] = 0x01;
> - fflen = emlen - tlen - 3;
> - for (emptr = em + 2; emptr < em + 2 + fflen; emptr++)
> - *emptr = 0xff;
> - *emptr++ = 0x00;
> - grub_memcpy (emptr, hash->asnoid, hash->asnlen);
> - emptr += hash->asnlen;
> - grub_memcpy (emptr, hval, hash->mdlen);
> -
> - ret = gcry_mpi_scan (hmpi, GCRYMPI_FMT_USG, em, emlen, 0);
> - grub_free (em);
> - return ret;
> + return grub_crypto_rsa_pad (hmpi, hval, hash, sk->mpis[0]);
> }
>
> struct grub_pubkey_context
> diff --git a/grub-core/lib/pkcs1_v15.c b/grub-core/lib/pkcs1_v15.c
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000..6680f8866
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/grub-core/lib/pkcs1_v15.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
> +/*
> + * GRUB -- GRand Unified Bootloader
> + * Copyright (C) 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
> + *
> + * GRUB is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
> + * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
> + * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
> + * (at your option) any later version.
> + *
> + * GRUB is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
> + * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
> + * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
> + * GNU General Public License for more details.
> + *
> + * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
> + * along with GRUB. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
> + */
> +
> +#include <grub/dl.h>
> +#include <grub/gcrypt/gcrypt.h>
> +#include <grub/pkcs1_v15.h>
> +
> +GRUB_MOD_LICENSE ("GPLv3+");
> +
> +/*
> + * Given a hash value 'hval', of hash specification 'hash', perform
> + * the EMSA-PKCS1-v1_5 padding suitable for a key with modulus 'mod'
> + * (see RFC 8017 s 9.2) and place the result in 'hmpi'.
> + */
> +gcry_err_code_t
> +grub_crypto_rsa_pad (gcry_mpi_t *hmpi, grub_uint8_t *hval,
> + const gcry_md_spec_t *hash, gcry_mpi_t mod)
> +{
> + grub_size_t tlen, emlen, fflen;
> + grub_uint8_t *em, *emptr;
> + unsigned nbits = gcry_mpi_get_nbits (mod);
> + int ret;
> +
> + tlen = hash->mdlen + hash->asnlen;
> + emlen = (nbits + 7) / 8;
> + if (emlen < tlen + 11)
> + return GPG_ERR_TOO_SHORT;
> +
> + em = grub_malloc (emlen);
> + if (em == NULL)
> + return GPG_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
> +
> + em[0] = 0x00;
> + em[1] = 0x01;
> + fflen = emlen - tlen - 3;
> +
> + for (emptr = em + 2; emptr < em + 2 + fflen; emptr++)
> + *emptr = 0xff;
> +
> + *emptr++ = 0x00;
> + grub_memcpy (emptr, hash->asnoid, hash->asnlen);
> + emptr += hash->asnlen;
> + grub_memcpy (emptr, hval, hash->mdlen);
> +
> + ret = gcry_mpi_scan (hmpi, GCRYMPI_FMT_USG, em, emlen, 0);
> + grub_free (em);
> +
> + return ret;
> +}
> diff --git a/include/grub/pkcs1_v15.h b/include/grub/pkcs1_v15.h
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000..84452b0e3
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/include/grub/pkcs1_v15.h
> @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
> +/*
> + * GRUB -- GRand Unified Bootloader
> + * Copyright (C) 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
> + *
> + * GRUB is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
> + * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
> + * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
> + * (at your option) any later version.
> + *
> + * GRUB is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
> + * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
> + * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
> + * GNU General Public License for more details.
> + *
> + * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
> + * along with GRUB. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
> + */
> +
> +/*
> + * Given a hash value 'hval', of hash specification 'hash', perform
> + * the EMSA-PKCS1-v1_5 padding suitable for a key with modulus 'mod'
> + * (See RFC 8017 s 9.2).
> + */
> +extern gcry_err_code_t
> +grub_crypto_rsa_pad (gcry_mpi_t *hmpi, grub_uint8_t *hval,
> + const gcry_md_spec_t *hash, gcry_mpi_t mod);
> +
> --
> 2.39.5 (Apple Git-154)
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Grub-devel mailing list
> Grub-devel@gnu.org
> https://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/grub-devel
_______________________________________________
Grub-devel mailing list
Grub-devel@gnu.org
https://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/grub-devel
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 27+ messages in thread
* Re: [PATCH v4 04/23] pgp: Factor out rsa_pad
2025-07-24 8:55 ` Gary Lin via Grub-devel
@ 2025-07-31 12:01 ` Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-08-01 1:24 ` Gary Lin via Grub-devel
0 siblings, 1 reply; 27+ messages in thread
From: Sudhakar Kuppusamy @ 2025-07-31 12:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Gary Lin
Cc: The development of GNU GRUB, jan.setjeeilers, julian.klode,
mate.kukri, pjones, msuchanek, mlewando, nayna, ltcgcw, ssrish,
stefanb, avnish, Daniel Axtens, Daniel Kiper
> On 24 Jul 2025, at 2:25 PM, Gary Lin <glin@suse.com> wrote:
>
> On Wed, Jul 09, 2025 at 05:15:21PM +0530, Sudhakar Kuppusamy wrote:
>> From: Daniel Axtens <dja@axtens.net>
>>
>> rsa_pad does the PKCS#1 v1.5 padding for the RSA signature scheme.
>> We want to use it in other RSA signature verification applications.
>>
>> I considered and rejected putting it in lib/crypto.c. That file doesn't
>> currently require any MPI functions, but rsa_pad does. That's not so
>> much of a problem for the grub kernel and modules, but crypto.c also
>> gets built into all the grub utilities. So - despite the utils not
>> using any asymmetric ciphers - we would need to built the entire MPI
>> infrastructure in to them.
>>
>> A better and simpler solution is just to spin rsa_pad out into its own
>> PKCS#1 v1.5 module.
>>
>
> The libgcrypt 1.11.0 patches were merged recently, and it seems not
> necessary to factor out rsa_pad anymore. The verification can be done
> with S-expression like this:
>
> _gcry_sexp_build (&s_sig, NULL, "(sig-val(rsa(s %M)))", si->sig_mpi);
> _gcry_sexp_build (&s_data, NULL, "(data (flags pkcs1)(hash %s %b))", si->hash->name, si->hash->mdlen, hash);
> _gcry_sexp_build (&s_key, NULL, "(public-key(rsa(n%M)(e%M)))", cert->mpis[0], cert->mpis[1]);
> _gcry_pubkey_spec_rsa.verify (s_sig, s_data, s_key);
>
> Gary Lin
Hi Gary Lin,
Thanks for pointing this out. Updated the patch to reflect this change on v5 (https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/grub-devel/2025-07/msg00137.html).
And also recently posted v6. Appreciate the heads-up!
V6:
https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/grub-devel/2025-07/msg00255.html
Thanks,
Sudhakar
>
>> Signed-off-by: Daniel Axtens <dja@axtens.net>
>> Signed-off-by: Sudhakar Kuppusamy <sudhakar@linux.ibm.com>
>> Reviewed-by: Stefan Berger <stefanb@linux.ibm.com>
>> Reviewed-by: Avnish Chouhan <avnish@linux.ibm.com>
>> Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
>> ---
>> grub-core/Makefile.core.def | 9 ++++++
>> grub-core/commands/pgp.c | 28 ++--------------
>> grub-core/lib/pkcs1_v15.c | 64 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>> include/grub/pkcs1_v15.h | 27 ++++++++++++++++
>> 4 files changed, 102 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)
>> create mode 100644 grub-core/lib/pkcs1_v15.c
>> create mode 100644 include/grub/pkcs1_v15.h
>>
>> diff --git a/grub-core/Makefile.core.def b/grub-core/Makefile.core.def
>> index 24e8c8437..f19071e22 100644
>> --- a/grub-core/Makefile.core.def
>> +++ b/grub-core/Makefile.core.def
>> @@ -2545,6 +2545,15 @@ module = {
>> cppflags = '$(CPPFLAGS_GCRY)';
>> };
>>
>> +module = {
>> + name = pkcs1_v15;
>> + common = lib/pkcs1_v15.c;
>> +
>> + cflags = '$(CFLAGS_GCRY) -Wno-redundant-decls -Wno-sign-compare';
>> + cppflags = '$(CPPFLAGS_GCRY)';
>> + depends = mpi;
>> +};
>> +
>> module = {
>> name = all_video;
>> common = lib/fake_module.c;
>> diff --git a/grub-core/commands/pgp.c b/grub-core/commands/pgp.c
>> index 5fadc33c4..c80f6cbad 100644
>> --- a/grub-core/commands/pgp.c
>> +++ b/grub-core/commands/pgp.c
>> @@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
>> #include <grub/file.h>
>> #include <grub/command.h>
>> #include <grub/crypto.h>
>> +#include <grub/pkcs1_v15.h>
>> #include <grub/i18n.h>
>> #include <grub/gcrypt/gcrypt.h>
>> #include <grub/pubkey.h>
>> @@ -411,32 +412,7 @@ static int
>> rsa_pad (gcry_mpi_t *hmpi, grub_uint8_t *hval,
>> const gcry_md_spec_t *hash, struct grub_public_subkey *sk)
>> {
>> - grub_size_t tlen, emlen, fflen;
>> - grub_uint8_t *em, *emptr;
>> - unsigned nbits = gcry_mpi_get_nbits (sk->mpis[0]);
>> - int ret;
>> - tlen = hash->mdlen + hash->asnlen;
>> - emlen = (nbits + 7) / 8;
>> - if (emlen < tlen + 11)
>> - return 1;
>> -
>> - em = grub_malloc (emlen);
>> - if (!em)
>> - return 1;
>> -
>> - em[0] = 0x00;
>> - em[1] = 0x01;
>> - fflen = emlen - tlen - 3;
>> - for (emptr = em + 2; emptr < em + 2 + fflen; emptr++)
>> - *emptr = 0xff;
>> - *emptr++ = 0x00;
>> - grub_memcpy (emptr, hash->asnoid, hash->asnlen);
>> - emptr += hash->asnlen;
>> - grub_memcpy (emptr, hval, hash->mdlen);
>> -
>> - ret = gcry_mpi_scan (hmpi, GCRYMPI_FMT_USG, em, emlen, 0);
>> - grub_free (em);
>> - return ret;
>> + return grub_crypto_rsa_pad (hmpi, hval, hash, sk->mpis[0]);
>> }
>>
>> struct grub_pubkey_context
>> diff --git a/grub-core/lib/pkcs1_v15.c b/grub-core/lib/pkcs1_v15.c
>> new file mode 100644
>> index 000000000..6680f8866
>> --- /dev/null
>> +++ b/grub-core/lib/pkcs1_v15.c
>> @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
>> +/*
>> + * GRUB -- GRand Unified Bootloader
>> + * Copyright (C) 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
>> + *
>> + * GRUB is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
>> + * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
>> + * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
>> + * (at your option) any later version.
>> + *
>> + * GRUB is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
>> + * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
>> + * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
>> + * GNU General Public License for more details.
>> + *
>> + * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
>> + * along with GRUB. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
>> + */
>> +
>> +#include <grub/dl.h>
>> +#include <grub/gcrypt/gcrypt.h>
>> +#include <grub/pkcs1_v15.h>
>> +
>> +GRUB_MOD_LICENSE ("GPLv3+");
>> +
>> +/*
>> + * Given a hash value 'hval', of hash specification 'hash', perform
>> + * the EMSA-PKCS1-v1_5 padding suitable for a key with modulus 'mod'
>> + * (see RFC 8017 s 9.2) and place the result in 'hmpi'.
>> + */
>> +gcry_err_code_t
>> +grub_crypto_rsa_pad (gcry_mpi_t *hmpi, grub_uint8_t *hval,
>> + const gcry_md_spec_t *hash, gcry_mpi_t mod)
>> +{
>> + grub_size_t tlen, emlen, fflen;
>> + grub_uint8_t *em, *emptr;
>> + unsigned nbits = gcry_mpi_get_nbits (mod);
>> + int ret;
>> +
>> + tlen = hash->mdlen + hash->asnlen;
>> + emlen = (nbits + 7) / 8;
>> + if (emlen < tlen + 11)
>> + return GPG_ERR_TOO_SHORT;
>> +
>> + em = grub_malloc (emlen);
>> + if (em == NULL)
>> + return GPG_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
>> +
>> + em[0] = 0x00;
>> + em[1] = 0x01;
>> + fflen = emlen - tlen - 3;
>> +
>> + for (emptr = em + 2; emptr < em + 2 + fflen; emptr++)
>> + *emptr = 0xff;
>> +
>> + *emptr++ = 0x00;
>> + grub_memcpy (emptr, hash->asnoid, hash->asnlen);
>> + emptr += hash->asnlen;
>> + grub_memcpy (emptr, hval, hash->mdlen);
>> +
>> + ret = gcry_mpi_scan (hmpi, GCRYMPI_FMT_USG, em, emlen, 0);
>> + grub_free (em);
>> +
>> + return ret;
>> +}
>> diff --git a/include/grub/pkcs1_v15.h b/include/grub/pkcs1_v15.h
>> new file mode 100644
>> index 000000000..84452b0e3
>> --- /dev/null
>> +++ b/include/grub/pkcs1_v15.h
>> @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
>> +/*
>> + * GRUB -- GRand Unified Bootloader
>> + * Copyright (C) 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
>> + *
>> + * GRUB is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
>> + * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
>> + * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
>> + * (at your option) any later version.
>> + *
>> + * GRUB is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
>> + * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
>> + * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
>> + * GNU General Public License for more details.
>> + *
>> + * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
>> + * along with GRUB. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
>> + */
>> +
>> +/*
>> + * Given a hash value 'hval', of hash specification 'hash', perform
>> + * the EMSA-PKCS1-v1_5 padding suitable for a key with modulus 'mod'
>> + * (See RFC 8017 s 9.2).
>> + */
>> +extern gcry_err_code_t
>> +grub_crypto_rsa_pad (gcry_mpi_t *hmpi, grub_uint8_t *hval,
>> + const gcry_md_spec_t *hash, gcry_mpi_t mod);
>> +
>> --
>> 2.39.5 (Apple Git-154)
>>
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> Grub-devel mailing list
>> Grub-devel@gnu.org
>> https://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/grub-devel
_______________________________________________
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^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 27+ messages in thread
* Re: [PATCH v4 04/23] pgp: Factor out rsa_pad
2025-07-31 12:01 ` Sudhakar Kuppusamy
@ 2025-08-01 1:24 ` Gary Lin via Grub-devel
0 siblings, 0 replies; 27+ messages in thread
From: Gary Lin via Grub-devel @ 2025-08-01 1:24 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Sudhakar Kuppusamy
Cc: Gary Lin, The development of GNU GRUB, jan.setjeeilers,
julian.klode, mate.kukri, pjones, msuchanek, mlewando, nayna,
ltcgcw, ssrish, stefanb, avnish, Daniel Axtens, Daniel Kiper
On Thu, Jul 31, 2025 at 05:31:49PM +0530, Sudhakar Kuppusamy wrote:
>
>
> > On 24 Jul 2025, at 2:25 PM, Gary Lin <glin@suse.com> wrote:
> >
> > On Wed, Jul 09, 2025 at 05:15:21PM +0530, Sudhakar Kuppusamy wrote:
> >> From: Daniel Axtens <dja@axtens.net>
> >>
> >> rsa_pad does the PKCS#1 v1.5 padding for the RSA signature scheme.
> >> We want to use it in other RSA signature verification applications.
> >>
> >> I considered and rejected putting it in lib/crypto.c. That file doesn't
> >> currently require any MPI functions, but rsa_pad does. That's not so
> >> much of a problem for the grub kernel and modules, but crypto.c also
> >> gets built into all the grub utilities. So - despite the utils not
> >> using any asymmetric ciphers - we would need to built the entire MPI
> >> infrastructure in to them.
> >>
> >> A better and simpler solution is just to spin rsa_pad out into its own
> >> PKCS#1 v1.5 module.
> >>
> >
> > The libgcrypt 1.11.0 patches were merged recently, and it seems not
> > necessary to factor out rsa_pad anymore. The verification can be done
> > with S-expression like this:
> >
> > _gcry_sexp_build (&s_sig, NULL, "(sig-val(rsa(s %M)))", si->sig_mpi);
> > _gcry_sexp_build (&s_data, NULL, "(data (flags pkcs1)(hash %s %b))", si->hash->name, si->hash->mdlen, hash);
> > _gcry_sexp_build (&s_key, NULL, "(public-key(rsa(n%M)(e%M)))", cert->mpis[0], cert->mpis[1]);
> > _gcry_pubkey_spec_rsa.verify (s_sig, s_data, s_key);
> >
> > Gary Lin
>
> Hi Gary Lin,
>
> Thanks for pointing this out. Updated the patch to reflect this change on v5 (https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/grub-devel/2025-07/msg00137.html).
> And also recently posted v6. Appreciate the heads-up!
>
Oops, I overlooked v5. Thanks for updating the patch!
Gary Lin
> V6:
> https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/grub-devel/2025-07/msg00255.html
>
>
> Thanks,
> Sudhakar
>
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^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 27+ messages in thread
end of thread, other threads:[~2025-08-01 1:37 UTC | newest]
Thread overview: 27+ messages (download: mbox.gz follow: Atom feed
-- links below jump to the message on this page --
2025-07-09 11:45 [PATCH v4 00/23] Appended Signature Secure Boot Support for PowerPC Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 01/23] powerpc-ieee1275: Add support for signing GRUB with an appended signature Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 02/23] docs/grub: Document signing GRUB under UEFI Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 03/23] docs/grub: Document signing GRUB with an appended signature Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 04/23] pgp: Factor out rsa_pad Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-24 8:55 ` Gary Lin via Grub-devel
2025-07-31 12:01 ` Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-08-01 1:24 ` Gary Lin via Grub-devel
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 05/23] crypto: Move storage for grub_crypto_pk_* to crypto.c Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 06/23] pgp: Rename OBJ_TYPE_PUBKEY to OBJ_TYPE_GPG_PUBKEY Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 07/23] grub-install: Support embedding x509 certificates Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 08/23] appended signatures: Import GNUTLS's ASN.1 description files Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 09/23] appended signatures: Parse ASN1 node Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 10/23] appended signatures: Parse PKCS#7 signedData Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 11/23] appended signatures: Parse X.509 certificates Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 12/23] appended signatures: Support verifying appended signatures Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 13/23] appended signatures: Verification tests Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 14/23] appended signatures: Documentation Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 15/23] ieee1275: Enter lockdown based on /ibm,secure-boot Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 16/23] ieee1275: Read the DB and DBX secure boot variables Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 17/23] appendedsig: create db and dbx lists Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 18/23] appendedsig: verify the kernel using " Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 19/23] powerpc_ieee1275: Introduce use_static_keys flag Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 20/23] appendedsig: Read default DB keys from the ELF Note Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 21/23] appendedsig: Introduce GRUB commands to access db and dbx Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 22/23] appendedsig: Documentation Sudhakar Kuppusamy
2025-07-09 11:45 ` [PATCH v4 23/23] appendedsig test: Replace the certificate number with an x.509 certificate Sudhakar Kuppusamy
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