Re: [PATCH v3 i-g-t 2/7] lib/igt_pci: Add generic PCI driver override and bind/unbind helpers

["Laguna, Lukasz" <lukasz.laguna@intel.com>]

On 2/10/2026 11:19, Bernatowicz, Marcin wrote:
>
> On 2/9/2026 11:16 AM, Laguna, Lukasz wrote:
>>
>> On 2/4/2026 17:32, Marcin Bernatowicz wrote:
>>> Add generic helpers for controlling PCI driver binding via sysfs.
>>>
>>> The new APIs provide driver- and device-centric primitives for:
>>>    - setting and clearing driver_override
>>>    - triggering PCI driver reprobe
>>>    - binding and unbinding devices to a specific PCI driver
>>>    - query the currently bound PCI driver
>>>
>>> Signed-off-by: Marcin Bernatowicz <marcin.bernatowicz@linux.intel.com>
>>> Cc: Adam Miszczak <adam.miszczak@linux.intel.com>
>>> Cc: Jakub Kolakowski <jakub1.kolakowski@intel.com>
>>> Cc: Kamil Konieczny <kamil.konieczny@linux.intel.com>
>>> Cc: Lukasz Laguna <lukasz.laguna@intel.com>
>>>
>>> ---
>>> v2:
>>> - Add igt_pci_get_bound_driver_name() to query the currently bound PCI
>>>    driver via the /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/driver symlink.
>>> - Extend igt_pci_bind_driver_override() and 
>>> igt_pci_unbind_driver_override()
>>>    with a timeout_ms parameter so callers can wait for bind/unbind to
>>>    actually complete, instead of relying on drivers_probe write 
>>> success.
>>>
>>> ---
>>>   lib/igt_pci.c | 351 
>>> ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>>>   lib/igt_pci.h |  13 +-
>>>   2 files changed, 363 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
>>>
>>> diff --git a/lib/igt_pci.c b/lib/igt_pci.c
>>> index 61aaf939d..80aaf07c5 100644
>>> --- a/lib/igt_pci.c
>>> +++ b/lib/igt_pci.c
>>> @@ -3,9 +3,18 @@
>>>    * Copyright © 2022 Intel Corporation
>>>    */
>>>   +#include <ctype.h>
>>> +#include <dirent.h>
>>> +#include <errno.h>
>>> +#include <fcntl.h>
>>> +#include <limits.h>
>>> +#include <string.h>
>>> +#include <unistd.h>
>>>   #include <pciaccess.h>
>>> +#include "igt_aux.h"
>>>   #include "igt_core.h"
>>>   #include "igt_pci.h"
>>> +#include "igt_sysfs.h"
>>>     static int find_pci_cap_offset_at(struct pci_device *dev, enum 
>>> pci_cap_id cap_id,
>>>                     int start_offset)
>>> @@ -51,3 +60,345 @@ int find_pci_cap_offset(struct pci_device *dev, 
>>> enum pci_cap_id cap_id)
>>>   {
>>>       return find_pci_cap_offset_at(dev, cap_id, PCI_CAPS_START);
>>>   }
>>> +
>>> +static int open_pci_driver_dir(const char *driver)
>>> +{
>>> +    char path[PATH_MAX];
>>> +
>>> +    snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/bus/pci/drivers/%s", driver);
>>> +    return open(path, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
>>> +}
>>> +
>>> +/**
>>> + * igt_pci_device_unbind:
>>> + * @pci_slot: BDF like "0000:01:00.0"
>>> + *
>>> + * Unbind @pci_slot from its currently bound driver, if any.
>>> + * Returns 0 on success, or a negative errno-like value.
>>> + */
>>> +int igt_pci_device_unbind(const char *pci_slot)
>>> +{
>>> +    char path[PATH_MAX];
>>> +    int dirfd;
>>> +    int ret;
>>> +
>>> +    snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/bus/pci/devices/%s/driver", 
>>> pci_slot);
>>> +    dirfd = open(path, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
>>> +    if (dirfd < 0)
>>> +        return 0; /* already unbound */
>>> +
>>> +    ret = igt_sysfs_set(dirfd, "unbind", pci_slot) ? 0 : -errno;
>>> +    close(dirfd);
>>> +
>>> +    return ret;
>>> +}
>>> +
>>> +/**
>>> + * igt_pci_driver_bind:
>>> + * @driver: PCI driver name under /sys/bus/pci/drivers/<driver>
>>> + * @pci_slot: device to bind
>>> + *
>>> + * Bind @pci_slot to @driver. Driver must be present/loaded.
>>> + * Returns 0 on success, or a negative errno-like value.
>>> + */
>>> +int igt_pci_driver_bind(const char *driver, const char *pci_slot)
>>> +{
>>> +    int dirfd, ret;
>>> +
>>> +    dirfd = open_pci_driver_dir(driver);
>>> +    if (dirfd < 0)
>>> +        return -errno;
>>> +
>>> +    ret = igt_sysfs_set(dirfd, "bind", pci_slot) ? 0 : -errno;
>>> +    close(dirfd);
>>> +
>>> +    return ret;
>>> +}
>>> +
>>> +/**
>>> + * igt_pci_driver_unbind:
>>> + * @driver: PCI driver name
>>> + * @pci_slot: device to unbind
>>> + *
>>> + * Unbind @pci_slot from @driver.
>>> + * Returns 0 on success, or a negative errno-like value.
>>> + */
>>> +int igt_pci_driver_unbind(const char *driver, const char *pci_slot)
>>> +{
>>> +    int dirfd, ret;
>>> +
>>> +    dirfd = open_pci_driver_dir(driver);
>>> +    if (dirfd < 0)
>>> +        return -errno;
>>> +
>>> +    ret = igt_sysfs_set(dirfd, "unbind", pci_slot) ? 0 : -errno;
>>> +    close(dirfd);
>>> +
>>> +    return ret;
>>> +}
>>> +
>>> +/**
>>> + * igt_pci_driver_unbind_all:
>>> + * @driver: PCI driver name
>>> + *
>>> + * Unbind all devices currently bound to @driver.
>>> + * Returns 0 on success, or a negative errno-like value.
>>> + */
>>> +int igt_pci_driver_unbind_all(const char *driver)
>>> +{
>>> +    char path[PATH_MAX];
>>> +    DIR *dir;
>>> +    struct dirent *de;
>>> +    int driver_fd;
>>> +
>>> +    snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/bus/pci/drivers/%s", driver);
>>> +    dir = opendir(path);
>>> +    if (!dir)
>>> +        return -errno;
>>> +
>>> +    driver_fd = dirfd(dir);
>>> +
>>> +    while ((de = readdir(dir))) {
>>> +        bool ok;
>>> +
>>> +        /* BDF symlinks are like "0000:01:00.0" and start with 
>>> digit */
>>> +        if (de->d_type != DT_LNK || !isdigit(de->d_name[0]))
>>> +            continue;
>>> +
>>> +        ok = igt_sysfs_set(driver_fd, "unbind", de->d_name);
>>> +        if (!ok) {
>>> +            int err = -errno;
>>> +
>>> +            closedir(dir);
>>> +            return err;
>>> +        }
>>> +    }
>>> +
>>> +    closedir(dir);
>>> +    return 0;
>>> +}
>>> +
>>> +/**
>>> + * igt_pci_set_driver_override:
>>> + * @pci_slot: PCI device BDF (e.g. "0000:01:00.0")
>>> + * @driver: PCI driver name to force-bind (e.g. "xe-vfio-pci"), or
>>> + *          NULL / empty string to clear an existing override
>>> + *
>>> + * Set or clear the PCI driver_override for @pci_slot via sysfs.
>>> + *
>>> + * This does not trigger driver reprobe by itself. Call
>>> + * igt_pci_probe_drivers() afterwards to apply the override.
>>> + *
>>> + * Returns: 0 on success, negative errno on failure.
>>> + */
>>> +int igt_pci_set_driver_override(const char *pci_slot, const char 
>>> *driver)
>>> +{
>>> +    char devpath[PATH_MAX];
>>> +    int dev;
>>> +    bool ok;
>>> +
>>> +    snprintf(devpath, sizeof(devpath), "/sys/bus/pci/devices/%s", 
>>> pci_slot);
>>> +    dev = open(devpath, O_DIRECTORY | O_RDONLY);
>>> +    if (dev < 0)
>>> +        return -errno;
>>> +
>>> +    ok = igt_sysfs_set(dev, "driver_override", driver ? driver : "");
>>> +    close(dev);
>>> +
>>> +    return ok ? 0 : -errno;
>>> +}
>>> +
>>> +/**
>>> + * igt_pci_probe_drivers:
>>> + * @pci_slot: PCI device BDF (e.g. "0000:01:00.0")
>>> + *
>>> + * Trigger PCI driver reprobe for @pci_slot by writing to
>>> + * /sys/bus/pci/drivers_probe.
>>> + *
>>> + * This causes the kernel to attempt binding the device, honoring any
>>> + * driver_override previously set.
>>> + *
>>> + * Note: a successful write only means the reprobe request was 
>>> accepted.
>>> + * It does not guarantee that a driver actually bound to the device.
>>> + *
>>> + * Returns: 0 on success, negative errno on failure.
>>> + */
>>> +int igt_pci_probe_drivers(const char *pci_slot)
>>> +{
>>> +    int pci;
>>> +    bool ok;
>>> +
>>> +    pci = open("/sys/bus/pci", O_DIRECTORY | O_RDONLY);
>>> +    if (pci < 0)
>>> +        return -errno;
>>> +
>>> +    ok = igt_sysfs_set(pci, "drivers_probe", pci_slot);
>>> +    close(pci);
>>> +
>>> +    return ok ? 0 : -errno;
>>> +}
>>> +
>>> +/**
>>> + * igt_pci_get_bound_driver_name:
>>> + * @pci_slot: PCI device BDF (e.g. "0000:01:00.0")
>>> + * @driver: destination buffer for the bound driver name
>>> + * @driver_len: size of @driver in bytes
>>> + *
>>> + * Read the currently bound PCI driver name for @pci_slot by 
>>> inspecting the
>>> + * /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/driver symlink.
>>> + *
>>> + * Return values:
>>> + *  1: device is bound and @driver contains the driver name
>>> + *  0: device is unbound (no driver symlink)
>>> + * <0: negative errno-like value on error
>>> + */
>>> +int igt_pci_get_bound_driver_name(const char *pci_slot, char 
>>> *driver, size_t driver_len)
>>> +{
>>> +    char path[PATH_MAX];
>>> +    char link[PATH_MAX];
>>> +    const char *base;
>>> +    ssize_t len;
>>> +
>>> +    if (driver && driver_len)
>>> +        driver[0] = '\0';
>>> +
>>> +    snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/bus/pci/devices/%s/driver", 
>>> pci_slot);
>>> +    len = readlink(path, link, sizeof(link) - 1);
>>> +    if (len < 0) {
>>> +        if (errno == ENOENT)
>>> +            return 0; /* unbound */
>>> +
>>> +        return -errno;
>>> +    }
>>> +
>>> +    link[len] = '\0';
>>> +    base = strrchr(link, '/');
>>> +    base = base ? base + 1 : link;
>>> +
>>> +    if (driver && driver_len)
>>
>> You can check the input params at the beginning of the function and 
>> return error if they are invalid.
>
> driver/driver_len are optional, callers may pass NULL and/or 0 when 
> they only need the
>
> return value (bound/unbound) and don’t care about the driver name...
>

Right... now I see it, but it wasn't clear at first glance. Maybe 
function doc should be updated?
Or probably it would be even better to introduce separate helper 
igt_pci_is_driver_bound()? It would call igt_pci_get_bound_driver_name() 
without passing buffer.

>>
>>> +        snprintf(driver, driver_len, "%s", base);
>>> +
>>> +    return 1;
>>> +}
>>> +
>>> +/**
>>> + * igt_pci_bind_driver_override:
>>> + * @pci_slot: PCI device BDF (e.g. "0000:01:00.0")
>>> + * @driver: PCI driver name to bind (must not be NULL or empty)
>>> + * @timeout_ms: how long to wait for the device to become bound.
>>> + *              If 0, don't wait (best-effort immediate check only).
>>> + *
>>> + * Bind @pci_slot to @driver using the driver_override mechanism.
>>> + *
>>> + * This helper sets driver_override and immediately triggers driver
>>> + * reprobe so that the device is bound to the requested driver.
>>> + *
>>> + * Returns: 0 on success, negative errno-like value on failure.
>>> + * A reprobe request can be accepted by sysfs while the driver probe
>>> + * fails later; this helper verifies the device ended up bound.
>>> + *
>>> + * On bind failure, returns a negative error and the failure reason 
>>> may
>>> + * also be logged to dmesg by the kernel driver.
>>> + */
>>> +int igt_pci_bind_driver_override(const char *pci_slot, const char 
>>> *driver,
>>> +                 unsigned int timeout_ms)
>>> +{
>>> +    int ret;
>>> +    char bound[64];
>>> +    int bound_ret;
>>> +    bool bound_ok;
>>> +
>>> +    if (!driver || !driver[0])
>>> +        return -EINVAL;
>>> +
>>> +    ret = igt_pci_set_driver_override(pci_slot, driver);
>>> +    if (ret)
>>> +        return ret;
>>> +
>>> +    ret = igt_pci_probe_drivers(pci_slot);
>>> +    if (ret)
>>> +        return ret;
>>> +
>>> +    /*
>>> +     * Writing to drivers_probe only tells us the kernel accepted 
>>> the request.
>>> +     * The actual driver probe may still fail (and only be reported 
>>> via dmesg).
>>> +     * Verify that the device ended up bound to the requested driver.
>>> +     */
>>> +    bound_ret = igt_pci_get_bound_driver_name(pci_slot, bound, 
>>> sizeof(bound));
>>> +    if (bound_ret < 0)
>>> +        return bound_ret;
>>> +
>>> +    if (timeout_ms == 0) {
>>> +        /*
>>> +         * No waiting requested. If the device is already bound, 
>>> validate
>>> +         * it is bound to the expected driver; otherwise treat as
>>> +         * best-effort request-only success.
>>> +         */
>>> +        if (bound_ret > 0 && strcmp(bound, driver))
>>> +            return -EBUSY;
>>> +
>>> +        return 0;
>>> +    }
>>> +
>>> +    bound_ok = igt_wait((bound_ret =
>>> +                 igt_pci_get_bound_driver_name(pci_slot, bound, 
>>> sizeof(bound))) != 0,
>>> +                timeout_ms, 1);
>>> +    if (!bound_ok)
>>> +        return -EIO;
>>> +
>>> +    if (bound_ret < 0)
>>> +        return bound_ret;
>>> +
>>> +    if (strcmp(bound, driver))
>>> +        return -EBUSY;
>>> +
>>> +    return 0;
>>> +}
>>> +
>>> +/**
>>> + * igt_pci_unbind_driver_override:
>>> + * @pci_slot: PCI device BDF (e.g. "0000:01:00.0")
>>> + * @timeout_ms: how long to wait for the device to become unbound.
>>> + *              If 0, don't wait (best-effort immediate check only).
>>> + *
>>> + * Unbind @pci_slot from its currently bound driver (if any) and clear
>>> + * any driver_override setting.
>>> + *
>>> + * This is the inverse operation of igt_pci_bind_driver_override().
>>> + *
>>> + * Returns: 0 on success, negative errno on failure.
>>> + */
>>> +int igt_pci_unbind_driver_override(const char *pci_slot, unsigned 
>>> int timeout_ms)
>>> +{
>>> +    int ret;
>>> +    int bound_ret;
>>> +    char bound[64];
>>> +    bool unbound_ok;
>>> +
>>> +    ret = igt_pci_device_unbind(pci_slot);
>>> +    if (ret)
>>> +        return ret;
>>> +
>>> +    ret = igt_pci_set_driver_override(pci_slot, "");
>>> +    if (ret)
>>> +        return ret;
>>> +
>>> +    bound_ret = igt_pci_get_bound_driver_name(pci_slot, bound, 
>>> sizeof(bound));
>>> +    if (bound_ret < 0)
>>> +        return bound_ret;
>>> +
>>> +    if (timeout_ms == 0)
>>> +        return 0;
>>> +
>>> +    /* Verify the device actually ends up unbound (driver symlink 
>>> removed). */
>>> +    unbound_ok = igt_wait((bound_ret =
>>> +                   igt_pci_get_bound_driver_name(pci_slot, bound, 
>>> sizeof(bound))) == 0,
>>> +                  timeout_ms, 1);
>>> +    if (!unbound_ok)
>>> +        return -EBUSY;
>>> +
>>> +    if (bound_ret < 0)
>>> +        return bound_ret;
>>> +
>>> +    return 0;
>>> +}
>>> diff --git a/lib/igt_pci.h b/lib/igt_pci.h
>>> index 92b9cc392..a66eeebf2 100644
>>> --- a/lib/igt_pci.h
>>> +++ b/lib/igt_pci.h
>>> @@ -6,8 +6,9 @@
>>>   #ifndef __IGT_PCI_H__
>>>   #define __IGT_PCI_H__
>>>   -#include <stdint.h>
>>>   #include <endian.h>
>>> +#include <stddef.h>
>>> +#include <stdint.h>
>>>     /* forward declaration */
>>>   struct pci_device;
>>> @@ -24,5 +25,15 @@ enum pci_cap_id {
>>>   #define  PCI_SLOT_PWR_CTRL_PRESENT (1 << 1)
>>>     int find_pci_cap_offset(struct pci_device *dev, enum pci_cap_id 
>>> cap_id);
>>> +int igt_pci_device_unbind(const char *pci_slot);
>>> +int igt_pci_driver_bind(const char *driver, const char *pci_slot);
>>> +int igt_pci_driver_unbind(const char *driver, const char *pci_slot);
>>> +int igt_pci_driver_unbind_all(const char *driver);
>>> +int igt_pci_set_driver_override(const char *pci_slot, const char 
>>> *driver);
>>> +int igt_pci_probe_drivers(const char *pci_slot);
>>> +int igt_pci_get_bound_driver_name(const char *pci_slot, char 
>>> *driver, size_t driver_len);
>>> +int igt_pci_bind_driver_override(const char *pci_slot, const char 
>>> *driver,
>>> +                 unsigned int timeout_ms);
>>> +int igt_pci_unbind_driver_override(const char *pci_slot, unsigned 
>>> int timeout_ms);
>>>     #endif