From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 From: rgmf@riseup.net (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Rom=E1n_Mart=EDnez?=) Date: Fri, 30 Sep 2016 18:40:18 +0200 Subject: Virtual Address Space In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: <1475253618.1158.6.camel@riseup.net> To: kernelnewbies@lists.kernelnewbies.org List-Id: kernelnewbies.lists.kernelnewbies.org Hi, I compile main.s and it generates main.o. With objdump I can see: 0000000000000000 <_start>: ???0: b8 01 00 00 00??????? mov????$0x1,%eax ???5: bb 00 00 00 00??????? mov????$0x0,%ebx ???a: cd 80???????????????? ? ? ? ? int????$0x80 After link main.o it generates main. With objdump I now can see: 0000000000400078 <_start>: ? 400078: b8 01 00 00 00??????? mov????$0x1,%eax ? 40007d: bb 00 00 00 00??????? mov????$0x0,%ebx ? 400082: cd 80???????????????? ? ? ? ? int????$0x80 So, linker generates virtual address, doesn't it? But why it starts at 400078 and not in other any location? Is there any logic here? A virtual address can start at 0? Regards. El mi?, 28-09-2016 a las 19:02 +0530, Gadre Nayan escribi?: > > > Virtual addresses will be used only in case MMU is enabled, otherwise for a processor an address is something it can put on the bus, irrespective of physical or virtual. > > So when your PC increments virtual address for a MMU enabled system, they will get translated to physical. > > > On 28 Sep 2016 4:29 p.m., "Prabhunath G" wrote: > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > The virtual addresses what you see in the output of objdump is given/associated by Linker to every instruction and data symbol in the data/bss section except for symbols in the stack section. It is wrong to use generated in the context of Linker.?When you initiate $./a.out for execution, the kernel will take your start address from the ELF header of a.out and place it on the PC (program counter) or IP (instruction pointer) of the CPU, thereafter CPU will start incrementing or generating virtual address for every subsequent instructions.? > > Regards, > > Prabhu > > > > > > > > > > On Wed, Sep 28, 2016 at 3:41 PM, Madhu K wrote: > > > Hi Arun, > > > Thanks for your response. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > I will elaborate my question.Assume I have test.c file, I compiled test.c and generated the a.out ( Executable for linux ), when I do objdump of a.out, we can see addresses( virtual address ) associated with each instruction, these instructions are generated by whom? > > > > > > Thanks > > > > > > > > > > > > On Wed, Sep 28, 2016 at 11:35 AM, Arun Sudhilal wrote: > > > > Hello Madhu, > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > On Wed, Sep 28, 2016 at 10:36 AM, Madhu K wrote: > > > > > > > > > Hi All, > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > This is to understand the Virtual address space.Basically who generates the > > > > > > > > > virtual addresses CPU or GNU compiler? > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > I didn't really get your question. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Linux kernel starts at a fixed location in virtual space. This is > > > > > > > > > > > > called PAGE_OFFSET. On a kernel split of 3GB/1GB, 32 system, its is > > > > > > > > > > > > 0xC000_0000. You can have a look at system.map file after compiling > > > > > > > > your kernel. > > > > > > > > When cpu runs with MMU on, your cpu generates virtual address. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Regards, > > > > > > > > Arun > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Thanks > > > > > > > > > Madhu > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > _______________________________________________ > > > > > > > > > Kernelnewbies mailing list > > > > > > > > > Kernelnewbies at kernelnewbies.org > > > > > > > > > > > > > https://lists.kernelnewbies.org/mailman/listinfo/kernelnewbie s > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > _______________________________________________ > > > > > > Kernelnewbies mailing list > > > > > > Kernelnewbies at kernelnewbies.org > > > > > > https://lists.kernelnewbies.org/mailman/listinfo/kernelnewbies > > > > > > > > > > > > > > --? > > Regards, > > Prabhunath G > > Linux Trainer > > Bangalore > > > > > > > > > > > > > > _______________________________________________ > > > > Kernelnewbies mailing list > > > > Kernelnewbies at kernelnewbies.org > > > > https://lists.kernelnewbies.org/mailman/listinfo/kernelnewbies > > > > > > _______________________________________________ > Kernelnewbies mailing list > Kernelnewbies at kernelnewbies.org > https://lists.kernelnewbies.org/mailman/listinfo/kernelnewbies -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://lists.kernelnewbies.org/pipermail/kernelnewbies/attachments/20160930/a0338ba2/attachment.html