From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.0 (2014-02-07) on aws-us-west-2-korg-lkml-1.web.codeaurora.org X-Spam-Level: X-Spam-Status: No, score=-3.5 required=3.0 tests=BAYES_00,DKIM_INVALID, DKIM_SIGNED,HEADER_FROM_DIFFERENT_DOMAINS,MAILING_LIST_MULTI,SPF_HELO_NONE, SPF_PASS,URIBL_BLOCKED autolearn=no autolearn_force=no version=3.4.0 Received: from mail.kernel.org (mail.kernel.org [198.145.29.99]) by smtp.lore.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 484F0C4361A for ; Sat, 5 Dec 2020 17:11:31 +0000 (UTC) Received: from shelob.surriel.com (shelob.surriel.com [96.67.55.147]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by mail.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id B03C7230FF for ; Sat, 5 Dec 2020 17:11:30 +0000 (UTC) DMARC-Filter: OpenDMARC Filter v1.3.2 mail.kernel.org B03C7230FF Authentication-Results: mail.kernel.org; dmarc=fail (p=none dis=none) header.from=vt.edu Authentication-Results: mail.kernel.org; spf=pass smtp.mailfrom=kernelnewbies-bounces@kernelnewbies.org Received: from localhost ([::1] helo=shelob.surriel.com) by shelob.surriel.com with esmtp (Exim 4.94) (envelope-from ) id 1klb5O-0005Vh-Gx; Sat, 05 Dec 2020 12:11:06 -0500 Received: from mail-qt1-x82e.google.com ([2607:f8b0:4864:20::82e]) by shelob.surriel.com with esmtps (TLS1.2) tls TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (Exim 4.94) (envelope-from ) id 1klb5M-0005Vb-Jj for kernelnewbies@kernelnewbies.org; Sat, 05 Dec 2020 12:11:04 -0500 Received: by mail-qt1-x82e.google.com with SMTP id k4so6364058qtj.10 for ; Sat, 05 Dec 2020 09:11:03 -0800 (PST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=vt-edu.20150623.gappssmtp.com; s=20150623; h=sender:from:to:cc:subject:in-reply-to:references:mime-version :content-transfer-encoding:date:message-id; bh=VarXReIXkasW2Wy3QEsH5IcuOQFlDy0QcdOg7dZ/AgY=; b=wJaHnRFZCT0C4trp1uNHNHeIxRvhNIhbVEvvfJhBIXlD12bXuy041uU45o08Xwu0Xh om3p44jL+mjgXxAi+79M9fA12GoSF14TQF5L5bURRkbux5FLGEZBGKBt2aXUN3vqo7FG X1sq6KDbi5J7lT+193XrV/hGEG1ursD5bujlABmwqHJT/4bqHiUzQmKRCljkPowRve1v 0CkK90aKkP//6JfVjTOqQuNVR8I7sqXFZeTK7bByrrDkcNlDwC+d+gaqMbf2rpkKAqqA L3npDvheIlaSZtHjyn1PBsaI15Vp4+g/xo9wuy8jF/FbIHALfgMnW2ikv0rugbpIGm1F HCRg== X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20161025; h=x-gm-message-state:sender:from:to:cc:subject:in-reply-to:references :mime-version:content-transfer-encoding:date:message-id; bh=VarXReIXkasW2Wy3QEsH5IcuOQFlDy0QcdOg7dZ/AgY=; b=r1HkX2VWSYcWEQdN75c3X5hukglTynlsga+/PLAMmcVpqK+wo8IN16POBwUbXOpA2Y sVYRZUBHMDkwv3XM1mknMdqHhPFasuYUOws30jlGMMZW/1VbqFREQeK3t+KJrLsgD9z4 J+OPanvwaudsZOnfl503BlfHWe02IKI/0DeLpO0D7km2EPa4TMNTJAMc8Y2dDQGPzJNU IoxqE9KkdEA1npm1u6VzdQNGnn5wDQWOIAbH8ki8lQCcawm7yME7xVMqFDIiIHZOs9pa xcqZ4+yQlyFpi5vO9B1jS+6sQrSnC7kt+OBc65+myUf1ucXz0Heoxyp4a658zg4DaSCb OPYA== X-Gm-Message-State: AOAM530Eoz0ihZEBusSPpFD5Ifk7mJpaoxQrHopw7GeFii+Gk92nk3Uw RyDKhhxI3GFnv4LwXX9CITNQehkWd19loA== X-Google-Smtp-Source: ABdhPJy6UgYwqSc5qZFTD6uZeDf+ddb5AyVjTnlSaVfGxDxavkJ/HjjfrsNDiUi0j1yZqmmJP78fIg== X-Received: by 2002:ac8:6d17:: with SMTP id o23mr4547984qtt.120.1607188201684; Sat, 05 Dec 2020 09:10:01 -0800 (PST) Received: from turing-police ([2601:5c0:c380:d61::359]) by smtp.gmail.com with ESMTPSA id c7sm7882424qtw.70.2020.12.05.09.09.59 (version=TLS1_3 cipher=TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 bits=256/256); Sat, 05 Dec 2020 09:10:00 -0800 (PST) From: "Valdis Kl=?utf-8?Q?=c4=93?=tnieks" X-Google-Original-From: "Valdis Kl=?utf-8?Q?=c4=93?=tnieks" X-Mailer: exmh version 2.9.0 11/07/2018 with nmh-1.7+dev To: Joontaek Oh Subject: Re: Why new kernel version cannot be installed on old Ubuntu? In-Reply-To: References: Mime-Version: 1.0 Date: Sat, 05 Dec 2020 12:09:59 -0500 Message-ID: <28736.1607188199@turing-police> Cc: kernelnewbies@kernelnewbies.org X-BeenThere: kernelnewbies@kernelnewbies.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15 Precedence: list List-Id: Learn about the Linux kernel List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="===============8448413845190567281==" Errors-To: kernelnewbies-bounces@kernelnewbies.org --===============8448413845190567281== Content-Type: multipart/signed; boundary="==_Exmh_1607188199_3428P"; micalg=pgp-sha1; protocol="application/pgp-signature" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit --==_Exmh_1607188199_3428P Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii On Sat, 05 Dec 2020 22:35:37 +0900, Joontaek Oh said: > So, I am using my laptop with the multi-booting but it is too > space-consuming. > > Moreover, I get work that needs to modify the kernel 3.10.0 for Centos, but > the kernel 3.10.0 is not installed on the Ubuntu any version, and the > kernel 3.10.61 or the kernel 4.18.0 is not installed on Centos. Instead of installing 2 or 3 entire OSs, why not use grub2 for what it's intended for, and just keep multiple kernels in /boot? A 1 gigabyte /boot will hold 20 or so copies of vmlinuz- and matching initramfs-, allowing you to have a 3.10.0, a 3.10.61, a 4.18.0, a 5.8-5.10 kernel or two, and still have room for a dozen or so builds if you find a need to bisect something. And the *vast* majority of stuff will Work Just Fine even if the kernel version doesn't match the /usr userspace - there's not a lot of programs that actually *use* the new syscalls we've added since 3.10 or so, and glibc will paper over most of the mismatches. Of course, *some* stuff needs to be a match, but those usually require a *precise* uname match - 4.18.9-foo1 and 4.18.9-bar1 aren't matches for that sort of thing, and the version you need is probably in the tools/ subdirectory of the kernel source tree matching the running kernel. If 1 gigabyte is too space consuming, you have *bigger* problems to deal with.... --==_Exmh_1607188199_3428P Content-Type: application/pgp-signature -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Comment: Exmh version 2.9.0 11/07/2018 iQIVAwUBX8u+5gdmEQWDXROgAQIxmA/9Ea1sALZ88wA+UYdGEuERBk/+7+80FheS rzrJJeloOuw4QDcYEpfr73ZRbpQExuN+QKzPEV4mwmw+YASu5l3qAJSmtK2MNub4 HknDTtYygsg9A3ALn82WODvNfDQOh1rA2ORRN5CE09ObFmpzTh0isPJX+iY9NDxe 7sRSRqULha8QxK0sqKGd/RgZvsTqbKumrFyZXZPgX2CM9Lbe8ENHtntnmJpdLvVA 0Pf5uu4JLoZOiw7GaG/DlP3Vv1aANDv6a4mz5lXySf+9cBfd1EgEe9ZTMa3oawv1 DG8Ke+nadH8ahAGH+6PlAUb+j99PJHe6gqXDdas+KRckgopKU7kG32lr0ps1o3Qf WIkA4mkpgYSX45fhnhjJ3hYvk+gzTUK74kxKnPTLqn+SEGRoHQn03m/dJTcu+fkS 4ZPDhwB1iQ1drFnGob5cNqZy/V0LgMtl7Pc75vHFeXVZK3OjYdAoC7NM/8pVJiSI 1i2wRZYo/6WGYtNfClxG20EvessVh+hKXs/8MEJYy44cjpB12I9WZeqOydDi7F1M eEpXejYEZGUw5Al/7d4IUl76CnNvCwFivSimPCwQ91O5jLBT/Io5vxT+KQYI80PZ e8MRv5bi0X1XrnRN318xCF2WvKhDz6JEZxye7nkMLj6B0HJIQ2w7Rzz9FET0cQ1e PKTwxY6RlYc= =14AE -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- --==_Exmh_1607188199_3428P-- --===============8448413845190567281== Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Disposition: inline _______________________________________________ Kernelnewbies mailing list Kernelnewbies@kernelnewbies.org https://lists.kernelnewbies.org/mailman/listinfo/kernelnewbies --===============8448413845190567281==--