* explanation of __va() and __pa() macros.
@ 2012-06-22 11:49 AFT
2012-06-22 12:06 ` Vlad Dogaru
2012-06-22 12:12 ` Bjørn Mork
0 siblings, 2 replies; 5+ messages in thread
From: AFT @ 2012-06-22 11:49 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: kernelnewbies
Hi,
My source is from 2.6 git tree. In LDD3 its said that a logical address
is mapped to physical address and vice versa by the macros __va() and
__pa().
In my source tree they are defined as follows:
<include/asm-generic/page.h>
#define __va(x) ((void *)((unsigned long) (x)))
#define __pa(x) ((unsigned long) (x))
I'm not actually understanding how these "cute" looking casting is
performing "address mapping". I thought address mapping involves more
complex operations.
cheers.
aft
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 5+ messages in thread
* explanation of __va() and __pa() macros.
2012-06-22 11:49 explanation of __va() and __pa() macros AFT
@ 2012-06-22 12:06 ` Vlad Dogaru
2012-06-22 14:38 ` AFT
2012-06-22 12:12 ` Bjørn Mork
1 sibling, 1 reply; 5+ messages in thread
From: Vlad Dogaru @ 2012-06-22 12:06 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: kernelnewbies
On Fri, Jun 22, 2012 at 2:49 PM, AFT <aftnix@gmail.com> wrote:
>
> Hi,
>
> My source is from 2.6 git tree. In LDD3 its said that a logical address
> is mapped to physical address and vice versa by the macros __va() and
> __pa().
>
> In my source tree they are defined as follows:
>
> <include/asm-generic/page.h>
>
> #define __va(x) ((void *)((unsigned long) (x)))
> #define __pa(x) ((unsigned long) (x))
>
>
> I'm not actually understanding how these "cute" looking casting is
> performing "address mapping". I thought address mapping involves more
> complex operations.
See the comments at the beginning of the file you quoted:
/*
* Generic page.h implementation, for NOMMU architectures.
* This provides the dummy definitions for the memory management.
*/
For arch-specific code try looking, for instance, at
arch/x86/include/asm/page.h .
Hope this helps,
Vlad
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 5+ messages in thread
* explanation of __va() and __pa() macros.
2012-06-22 11:49 explanation of __va() and __pa() macros AFT
2012-06-22 12:06 ` Vlad Dogaru
@ 2012-06-22 12:12 ` Bjørn Mork
2012-06-22 14:45 ` AFT
1 sibling, 1 reply; 5+ messages in thread
From: Bjørn Mork @ 2012-06-22 12:12 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: kernelnewbies
AFT <aftnix@gmail.com> writes:
> My source is from 2.6 git tree. In LDD3 its said that a logical address
> is mapped to physical address and vice versa by the macros __va() and
> __pa().
>
> In my source tree they are defined as follows:
>
> <include/asm-generic/page.h>
There's an important comment in the beginning of that file:
/*
* Generic page.h implementation, for NOMMU architectures.
* This provides the dummy definitions for the memory management.
*/
> #define __va(x) ((void *)((unsigned long) (x)))
> #define __pa(x) ((unsigned long) (x))
>
>
> I'm not actually understanding how these "cute" looking casting is
> performing "address mapping". I thought address mapping involves more
> complex operations.
The dummy definition is the identity mapping. You can look at the real
implementations to see more complex mappings:
bjorn at nemi:/usr/local/src/git/linux$ egrep '#define __(p|v)a\(' arch/*/include/asm/page.h
arch/alpha/include/asm/page.h:#define __pa(x) ((unsigned long) (x) - PAGE_OFFSET)
arch/alpha/include/asm/page.h:#define __va(x) ((void *)((unsigned long) (x) + PAGE_OFFSET))
arch/avr32/include/asm/page.h:#define __pa(x) PHYSADDR(x)
arch/avr32/include/asm/page.h:#define __va(x) ((void *)(P1SEGADDR(x)))
arch/frv/include/asm/page.h:#define __pa(vaddr) virt_to_phys((void *) (unsigned long) (vaddr))
arch/frv/include/asm/page.h:#define __va(paddr) phys_to_virt((unsigned long) (paddr))
arch/h8300/include/asm/page.h:#define __pa(vaddr) virt_to_phys(vaddr)
arch/h8300/include/asm/page.h:#define __va(paddr) phys_to_virt((unsigned long)paddr)
arch/hexagon/include/asm/page.h:#define __pa(x) ((unsigned long)(x) - PAGE_OFFSET)
arch/hexagon/include/asm/page.h:#define __va(x) ((void *)((unsigned long)(x) + PAGE_OFFSET))
arch/ia64/include/asm/page.h:#define __pa(x) ({ia64_va _v; _v.l = (long) (x); _v.f.reg = 0; _v.l;})
arch/ia64/include/asm/page.h:#define __va(x) ({ia64_va _v; _v.l = (long) (x); _v.f.reg = -1; _v.p;})
arch/m32r/include/asm/page.h:#define __pa(x) ((unsigned long)(x) - PAGE_OFFSET)
arch/m32r/include/asm/page.h:#define __va(x) ((void *)((unsigned long)(x) + PAGE_OFFSET))
arch/mips/include/asm/page.h:#define __pa(x) \
arch/mips/include/asm/page.h:#define __pa(x) \
arch/mips/include/asm/page.h:#define __va(x) ((void *)((unsigned long)(x) + PAGE_OFFSET - PHYS_OFFSET))
arch/mn10300/include/asm/page.h:#define __pa(x) ((unsigned long)(x))
arch/mn10300/include/asm/page.h:#define __va(x) ((void *)(unsigned long)(x))
arch/openrisc/include/asm/page.h:#define __va(x) ((void *)((unsigned long)(x) + PAGE_OFFSET))
arch/openrisc/include/asm/page.h:#define __pa(x) ((unsigned long) (x) - PAGE_OFFSET)
arch/parisc/include/asm/page.h:#define __pa(x) ((unsigned long)(x)-PAGE_OFFSET)
arch/parisc/include/asm/page.h:#define __va(x) ((void *)((unsigned long)(x)+PAGE_OFFSET))
arch/powerpc/include/asm/page.h:#define __va(x) ((void *)(unsigned long)((phys_addr_t)(x) + VIRT_PHYS_OFFSET))
arch/powerpc/include/asm/page.h:#define __pa(x) ((unsigned long)(x) - VIRT_PHYS_OFFSET)
arch/powerpc/include/asm/page.h:#define __va(x) ((void *)(unsigned long)((phys_addr_t)(x) + PAGE_OFFSET - MEMORY_START))
arch/powerpc/include/asm/page.h:#define __pa(x) ((unsigned long)(x) - PAGE_OFFSET + MEMORY_START)
arch/s390/include/asm/page.h:#define __pa(x) (unsigned long)(x)
arch/s390/include/asm/page.h:#define __va(x) (void *)(unsigned long)(x)
arch/score/include/asm/page.h:#define __pa(x) ((unsigned long)(x) - PAGE_OFFSET)
arch/score/include/asm/page.h:#define __va(x) ((void *)((unsigned long) (x) + PAGE_OFFSET))
arch/sh/include/asm/page.h:#define __pa(x) ___pa((unsigned long)x)
arch/sh/include/asm/page.h:#define __va(x) (void *)___va((unsigned long)x)
arch/tile/include/asm/page.h:#define __pa(kaddr) virt_to_phys((void *)(unsigned long)(kaddr))
arch/tile/include/asm/page.h:#define __va(paddr) phys_to_virt((phys_addr_t)(paddr))
arch/um/include/asm/page.h:#define __pa(virt) to_phys((void *) (unsigned long) (virt))
arch/um/include/asm/page.h:#define __va(phys) to_virt((unsigned long) (phys))
arch/x86/include/asm/page.h:#define __pa(x) __phys_addr((unsigned long)(x))
arch/x86/include/asm/page.h:#define __va(x) ((void *)((unsigned long)(x)+PAGE_OFFSET))
arch/xtensa/include/asm/page.h:#define __pa(x) ((unsigned long) (x) - PAGE_OFFSET)
arch/xtensa/include/asm/page.h:#define __va(x) ((void *)((unsigned long) (x) + PAGE_OFFSET))
Bj?rn
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 5+ messages in thread
* explanation of __va() and __pa() macros.
2012-06-22 12:06 ` Vlad Dogaru
@ 2012-06-22 14:38 ` AFT
0 siblings, 0 replies; 5+ messages in thread
From: AFT @ 2012-06-22 14:38 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: kernelnewbies
Vlad Dogaru <ddvlad@rosedu.org> writes:
> On Fri, Jun 22, 2012 at 2:49 PM, AFT <aftnix@gmail.com> wrote:
>>
>> Hi,
>>
>> My source is from 2.6 git tree. In LDD3 its said that a logical address
>> is mapped to physical address and vice versa by the macros __va() and
>> __pa().
>>
>> In my source tree they are defined as follows:
>>
>> <include/asm-generic/page.h>
>>
>> #define __va(x) ((void *)((unsigned long) (x)))
>> #define __pa(x) ((unsigned long) (x))
>>
>>
>> I'm not actually understanding how these "cute" looking casting is
>> performing "address mapping". I thought address mapping involves more
>> complex operations.
>
> See the comments at the beginning of the file you quoted:
>
> /*
> * Generic page.h implementation, for NOMMU architectures.
> * This provides the dummy definitions for the memory management.
> */
>
> For arch-specific code try looking, for instance, at
> arch/x86/include/asm/page.h .
>
> Hope this helps,
> Vlad
Hi Vlad,
Thanks for the explanation. I should lookout for embedded comments with
more attention from now.
cheers.
aft
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 5+ messages in thread
* explanation of __va() and __pa() macros.
2012-06-22 12:12 ` Bjørn Mork
@ 2012-06-22 14:45 ` AFT
0 siblings, 0 replies; 5+ messages in thread
From: AFT @ 2012-06-22 14:45 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: kernelnewbies
Bj?rn Mork <bjorn@mork.no> writes:
> AFT <aftnix@gmail.com> writes:
>
>> My source is from 2.6 git tree. In LDD3 its said that a logical address
>> is mapped to physical address and vice versa by the macros __va() and
>> __pa().
>>
>> In my source tree they are defined as follows:
>>
>> <include/asm-generic/page.h>
>
> There's an important comment in the beginning of that file:
>
> /*
> * Generic page.h implementation, for NOMMU architectures.
> * This provides the dummy definitions for the memory management.
> */
>
>
>> #define __va(x) ((void *)((unsigned long) (x)))
>> #define __pa(x) ((unsigned long) (x))
>>
>>
>> I'm not actually understanding how these "cute" looking casting is
>> performing "address mapping". I thought address mapping involves more
>> complex operations.
>
> The dummy definition is the identity mapping. You can look at the real
> implementations to see more complex mappings:
>
> bjorn at nemi:/usr/local/src/git/linux$ egrep '#define __(p|v)a\(' arch/*/include/asm/page.h
> arch/alpha/include/asm/page.h:#define __pa(x) ((unsigned long) (x) - PAGE_OFFSET)
> arch/alpha/include/asm/page.h:#define __va(x) ((void *)((unsigned long) (x) + PAGE_OFFSET))
> arch/avr32/include/asm/page.h:#define __pa(x) PHYSADDR(x)
> arch/avr32/include/asm/page.h:#define __va(x) ((void *)(P1SEGADDR(x)))
> arch/frv/include/asm/page.h:#define __pa(vaddr) virt_to_phys((void *) (unsigned long) (vaddr))
> arch/frv/include/asm/page.h:#define __va(paddr) phys_to_virt((unsigned long) (paddr))
> arch/h8300/include/asm/page.h:#define __pa(vaddr) virt_to_phys(vaddr)
> arch/h8300/include/asm/page.h:#define __va(paddr) phys_to_virt((unsigned long)paddr)
> arch/hexagon/include/asm/page.h:#define __pa(x) ((unsigned long)(x) - PAGE_OFFSET)
> arch/hexagon/include/asm/page.h:#define __va(x) ((void *)((unsigned long)(x) + PAGE_OFFSET))
> arch/ia64/include/asm/page.h:#define __pa(x) ({ia64_va _v; _v.l = (long) (x); _v.f.reg = 0; _v.l;})
> arch/ia64/include/asm/page.h:#define __va(x) ({ia64_va _v; _v.l = (long) (x); _v.f.reg = -1; _v.p;})
> arch/m32r/include/asm/page.h:#define __pa(x) ((unsigned long)(x) - PAGE_OFFSET)
> arch/m32r/include/asm/page.h:#define __va(x) ((void *)((unsigned long)(x) + PAGE_OFFSET))
> arch/mips/include/asm/page.h:#define __pa(x) \
> arch/mips/include/asm/page.h:#define __pa(x) \
> arch/mips/include/asm/page.h:#define __va(x) ((void *)((unsigned long)(x) + PAGE_OFFSET - PHYS_OFFSET))
> arch/mn10300/include/asm/page.h:#define __pa(x) ((unsigned long)(x))
> arch/mn10300/include/asm/page.h:#define __va(x) ((void *)(unsigned long)(x))
> arch/openrisc/include/asm/page.h:#define __va(x) ((void *)((unsigned long)(x) + PAGE_OFFSET))
> arch/openrisc/include/asm/page.h:#define __pa(x) ((unsigned long) (x) - PAGE_OFFSET)
> arch/parisc/include/asm/page.h:#define __pa(x) ((unsigned long)(x)-PAGE_OFFSET)
> arch/parisc/include/asm/page.h:#define __va(x) ((void *)((unsigned long)(x)+PAGE_OFFSET))
> arch/powerpc/include/asm/page.h:#define __va(x) ((void *)(unsigned long)((phys_addr_t)(x) + VIRT_PHYS_OFFSET))
> arch/powerpc/include/asm/page.h:#define __pa(x) ((unsigned long)(x) - VIRT_PHYS_OFFSET)
> arch/powerpc/include/asm/page.h:#define __va(x) ((void *)(unsigned long)((phys_addr_t)(x) + PAGE_OFFSET - MEMORY_START))
> arch/powerpc/include/asm/page.h:#define __pa(x) ((unsigned long)(x) - PAGE_OFFSET + MEMORY_START)
> arch/s390/include/asm/page.h:#define __pa(x) (unsigned long)(x)
> arch/s390/include/asm/page.h:#define __va(x) (void *)(unsigned long)(x)
> arch/score/include/asm/page.h:#define __pa(x) ((unsigned long)(x) - PAGE_OFFSET)
> arch/score/include/asm/page.h:#define __va(x) ((void *)((unsigned long) (x) + PAGE_OFFSET))
> arch/sh/include/asm/page.h:#define __pa(x) ___pa((unsigned long)x)
> arch/sh/include/asm/page.h:#define __va(x) (void *)___va((unsigned long)x)
> arch/tile/include/asm/page.h:#define __pa(kaddr) virt_to_phys((void *)(unsigned long)(kaddr))
> arch/tile/include/asm/page.h:#define __va(paddr) phys_to_virt((phys_addr_t)(paddr))
> arch/um/include/asm/page.h:#define __pa(virt) to_phys((void *) (unsigned long) (virt))
> arch/um/include/asm/page.h:#define __va(phys) to_virt((unsigned long) (phys))
> arch/x86/include/asm/page.h:#define __pa(x) __phys_addr((unsigned long)(x))
> arch/x86/include/asm/page.h:#define __va(x) ((void *)((unsigned long)(x)+PAGE_OFFSET))
> arch/xtensa/include/asm/page.h:#define __pa(x) ((unsigned long) (x) - PAGE_OFFSET)
> arch/xtensa/include/asm/page.h:#define __va(x) ((void *)((unsigned long) (x) + PAGE_OFFSET))
>
>
>
> Bj?rn
Hi Bjorn,
Thanks for the reply.
cheers,
aft
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 5+ messages in thread
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2012-06-22 11:49 explanation of __va() and __pa() macros AFT
2012-06-22 12:06 ` Vlad Dogaru
2012-06-22 14:38 ` AFT
2012-06-22 12:12 ` Bjørn Mork
2012-06-22 14:45 ` AFT
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