Re: [patch] KVM: add MSR based hypercall API

Ingo Molnar
2007-01-09T11:36:28Z

[-- Attachment #1: Type: text/plain, Size: 1798 bytes --]

* Avi Kivity <avi-atKUWr5tajBWk0Htik3J/w@public.gmane.org> wrote:

> >>>+struct kvm_cr3_cache {
> >>>+ struct kvm_cr3_cache_entry entry[KVM_CR3_CACHE_SIZE];
> >>>+ u32 max_idx;
> >>>+};
> >>>
> >>>
> >>This will require an api version bump whenever KVM_CR3_CACHE_SIZE
> >>changes.
> >>
> >>Better to advertise the gpa of the cache, so it can be unlimited.
> >>
> >
> >the gpa of the cache, and its guest-side size, right?
>
> Yes (can use max_idx, no?).

agreed, done. the cr3 registration now passes in the guest-side max size
of the cr3 cache, which the host-side updates (trims if necessary).

> BTW, max_idx is ambiguous: is it the last valid entry or one past the
> end? entry_count is more explicit IMO.

agreed, done.

> >it should already be padded - i layed it out that way. (if it's not
> >then let me know where it's not padded)
>
> Right, I was confused by the cr3 cache, but it's the last field.

i moved it to the first place and added a padding word - that way all
structure sizes are properly aligned and we cannot combine them in an
unaligned way by accident.

> >+
> >+ if (kvm_arch_ops->patch_hypercall) {
> >
>
> It's safe to assume that the arch op exists.

ok, i changed this and i added the SVM patch function too. AMD's VMMCALL
is 0x0f, 0x01, 0xd9, correct?

> >+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(gpa_to_hpa);
>
> Is this needed now? If so, it needs a kvm_ prefix.

not needed anymore because usage is now in kvm_main.c - i removed the
export.

> >+ .patch_hypercall = vmx_patch_hypercall,
> > };
> >
> Where is the vmcall exit handler?

in my tree, have not sent the patch yet - first want to combine it with
the cr3 feature to have it tested.

> Please add the svm code too. I can test it if you lack amd hardware.

done.

updated patches attached.

Ingo

[-- Attachment #2: kvm-paravirt-host.patch --]
[-- Type: text/plain, Size: 8300 bytes --]

Subject: [patch] KVM: add MSR based hypercall API
From: Ingo Molnar <mingo-X9Un+BFzKDI@public.gmane.org>

this adds a special MSR based hypercall API to KVM. This is to be
used by paravirtual kernels and virtual drivers.

VMX-only at the moment.

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo-X9Un+BFzKDI@public.gmane.org>
---
drivers/kvm/kvm.h | 6 +++
drivers/kvm/kvm_main.c | 74 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
drivers/kvm/svm.c | 12 +++++++
drivers/kvm/vmx.c | 16 ++++++++--
include/linux/kvm_para.h | 75 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
5 files changed, 181 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

Index: linux/drivers/kvm/kvm.h
===================================================================
--- linux.orig/drivers/kvm/kvm.h
+++ linux/drivers/kvm/kvm.h
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@

#include "vmx.h"
#include <linux/kvm.h>
+#include <linux/kvm_para.h>

#define CR0_PE_MASK (1ULL << 0)
#define CR0_TS_MASK (1ULL << 3)
@@ -237,6 +238,9 @@ struct kvm_vcpu {
unsigned long cr0;
unsigned long cr2;
unsigned long cr3;
+ gpa_t para_state_gpa;
+ struct page *para_state_page;
+ gpa_t hypercall_gpa;
unsigned long cr4;
unsigned long cr8;
u64 pdptrs[4]; /* pae */
@@ -379,6 +383,8 @@ struct kvm_arch_ops {
int (*run)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_run *run);
int (*vcpu_setup)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu);
void (*skip_emulated_instruction)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu);
+ void (*patch_hypercall)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
+ unsigned char *hypercall_addr);
};

extern struct kvm_stat kvm_stat;
Index: linux/drivers/kvm/kvm_main.c
===================================================================
--- linux.orig/drivers/kvm/kvm_main.c
+++ linux/drivers/kvm/kvm_main.c
@@ -1204,6 +1204,74 @@ void realmode_set_cr(struct kvm_vcpu *vc
}
}

+
+/*
+ * Register the para guest with the host:
+ */
+static int vcpu_register_para(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, gpa_t para_state_gpa)
+{
+ struct kvm_vcpu_para_state *para_state;
+ hpa_t para_state_hpa, hypercall_hpa;
+ struct page *para_state_page;
+ unsigned char *hypercall;
+ gpa_t hypercall_gpa;
+
+ printk("KVM: guest trying to enter paravirtual mode\n");
+ printk(".... para_state_gpa: %08Lx\n", para_state_gpa);
+
+ /*
+ * Needs to be page aligned:
+ */
+ if (para_state_gpa != PAGE_ALIGN(para_state_gpa))
+ goto err_gp;
+
+ para_state_hpa = gpa_to_hpa(vcpu, para_state_gpa);
+ printk(".... para_state_hpa: %08Lx\n", para_state_hpa);
+ if (is_error_hpa(para_state_hpa))
+ goto err_gp;
+
+ para_state_page = pfn_to_page(para_state_hpa >> PAGE_SHIFT);
+ para_state = kmap_atomic(para_state_page, KM_USER0);
+
+ printk(".... guest version: %d\n", para_state->guest_version);
+ printk(".... size: %d\n", para_state->size);
+
+ para_state->host_version = KVM_PARA_API_VERSION;
+ /*
+ * We cannot support guests that try to register themselves
+ * with a newer API version than the host supports:
+ */
+ if (para_state->guest_version > KVM_PARA_API_VERSION) {
+ para_state->ret = -KVM_EINVAL;
+ goto err_kunmap_skip;
+ }
+
+ hypercall_gpa = para_state->hypercall_gpa;
+ hypercall_hpa = gpa_to_hpa(vcpu, hypercall_gpa);
+ printk(".... hypercall_hpa: %08Lx\n", hypercall_hpa);
+ if (is_error_hpa(hypercall_hpa)) {
+ para_state->ret = -KVM_EINVAL;
+ goto err_kunmap_skip;
+ }
+
+ printk("KVM: para guest successfully registered.\n");
+ vcpu->para_state_page = para_state_page;
+ vcpu->para_state_gpa = para_state_gpa;
+ vcpu->hypercall_gpa = hypercall_gpa;
+
+ hypercall = kmap_atomic(pfn_to_page(hypercall_hpa >> PAGE_SHIFT),
+ KM_USER1);
+ kvm_arch_ops->patch_hypercall(vcpu, hypercall);
+ kunmap_atomic(hypercall, KM_USER1);
+
+ para_state->ret = 0;
+err_kunmap_skip:
+ kunmap_atomic(para_state, KM_USER0);
+ return 0;
+err_gp:
+ return 1;
+}
+
int kvm_get_msr_common(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, u32 msr, u64 *pdata)
{
u64 data;
@@ -1306,6 +1374,12 @@ int kvm_set_msr_common(struct kvm_vcpu *
case MSR_IA32_APICBASE:
vcpu->apic_base = data;
break;
+ /*
+ * This is the 'probe whether the host is KVM' logic:
+ */
+ case MSR_KVM_API_MAGIC:
+ return vcpu_register_para(vcpu, data);
+
default:
printk(KERN_ERR "kvm: unhandled wrmsr: 0x%x\n", msr);
return 1;
Index: linux/drivers/kvm/svm.c
===================================================================
--- linux.orig/drivers/kvm/svm.c
+++ linux/drivers/kvm/svm.c
@@ -1642,6 +1642,17 @@ static int is_disabled(void)
return 0;
}

+static void
+svm_patch_hypercall(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, unsigned char *hypercall)
+{
+ /*
+ * Patch in the VMMCALL instruction:
+ */
+ hypercall[0] = 0x0f;
+ hypercall[1] = 0x01;
+ hypercall[2] = 0xd9;
+}
+
static struct kvm_arch_ops svm_arch_ops = {
.cpu_has_kvm_support = has_svm,
.disabled_by_bios = is_disabled,
@@ -1689,6 +1700,7 @@ static struct kvm_arch_ops svm_arch_ops
.run = svm_vcpu_run,
.skip_emulated_instruction = skip_emulated_instruction,
.vcpu_setup = svm_vcpu_setup,
+ .patch_hypercall = svm_patch_hypercall,
};

static int __init svm_init(void)
Index: linux/drivers/kvm/vmx.c
===================================================================
--- linux.orig/drivers/kvm/vmx.c
+++ linux/drivers/kvm/vmx.c
@@ -406,10 +406,10 @@ static int vmx_set_msr(struct kvm_vcpu *
case MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_ESP:
vmcs_write32(GUEST_SYSENTER_ESP, data);
break;
- case MSR_IA32_TIME_STAMP_COUNTER: {
+ case MSR_IA32_TIME_STAMP_COUNTER:
guest_write_tsc(data);
break;
- }
+
default:
msr = find_msr_entry(vcpu, msr_index);
if (msr) {
@@ -1448,6 +1448,17 @@ static int handle_io(struct kvm_vcpu *vc
return 0;
}

+static void
+vmx_patch_hypercall(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, unsigned char *hypercall)
+{
+ /*
+ * Patch in the VMCALL instruction:
+ */
+ hypercall[0] = 0x0f;
+ hypercall[1] = 0x01;
+ hypercall[2] = 0xc1;
+}
+
static int handle_cr(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_run *kvm_run)
{
u64 exit_qualification;
@@ -2042,6 +2053,7 @@ static struct kvm_arch_ops vmx_arch_ops
.run = vmx_vcpu_run,
.skip_emulated_instruction = skip_emulated_instruction,
.vcpu_setup = vmx_vcpu_setup,
+ .patch_hypercall = vmx_patch_hypercall,
};

static int __init vmx_init(void)
Index: linux/include/linux/kvm_para.h
===================================================================
--- /dev/null
+++ linux/include/linux/kvm_para.h
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+#ifndef __LINUX_KVM_PARA_H
+#define __LINUX_KVM_PARA_H
+
+#include <linux/errno.h>
+
+/*
+ * Guest OS interface for KVM paravirtualization
+ *
+ * Note: this interface is considered experimental and may change without
+ * notice.
+ */
+
+#define KVM_CR3_CACHE_SIZE 4
+
+struct kvm_cr3_cache_entry {
+ u64 guest_cr3;
+ u64 host_cr3;
+};
+
+struct kvm_cr3_cache {
+ u32 entry_count;
+ u32 __pad;
+ struct kvm_cr3_cache_entry entry[KVM_CR3_CACHE_SIZE];
+};
+
+/*
+ * Per-VCPU descriptor area shared between guest and host. Writable to
+ * both guest and host. Registered with the host by the guest when
+ * a guest acknowledges paravirtual mode.
+ *
+ * NOTE: all addresses are guest-physical addresses (gpa), to make it
+ * easier for the hypervisor to map between the various addresses.
+ */
+struct kvm_vcpu_para_state {
+ /*
+ * API version information for compatibility. If there's any support
+ * mismatch (too old host trying to execute too new guest) then
+ * the host will deny entry into paravirtual mode. Any other
+ * combination (new host + old guest and new host + new guest)
+ * is supposed to work - new host versions will support all old
+ * guest API versions.
+ */
+ u32 guest_version;
+ u32 host_version;
+ u32 size;
+ u32 ret;
+
+ /*
+ * The address of the vm exit instruction (VMCALL or VMMCALL),
+ * which the host will patch according to the CPU model the
+ * VM runs on:
+ */
+ u64 hypercall_gpa;
+
+ /*
+ * Pointer to the struct kvm_cr3_cache CR3 cache:
+ */
+ u64 cr3_cache_gpa;
+
+} __attribute__ ((aligned(PAGE_SIZE)));
+
+#define KVM_PARA_API_VERSION 1
+
+/*
+ * This is used for an RDMSR's ECX parameter to probe for a KVM host.
+ * Hopefully no CPU vendor will use up this number. This is placed well
+ * out of way of the typical space occupied by CPU vendors' MSR indices,
+ * and we think (or at least hope) it wont be occupied in the future
+ * either.
+ */
+#define MSR_KVM_API_MAGIC 0x87655678
+
+#define KVM_EINVAL EINVAL
+
+#endif

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Subject: [patch] KVM: paravirtual guest support
From: Ingo Molnar <mingo-X9Un+BFzKDI@public.gmane.org>

this enables a CONFIG_PARAVIRT Linux guest kernel to establish a
hypercall API to a KVM host. If successfully registered, then the Linux
guest will optimize a few things like its interrupt controller, io-delay
and it also registers its cr3-cache structures with the host. (but the
host will not touch those, just yet)

(this is fully backwards compatible - if the WRMSR fails then the Linux
guest continues to execute as a native kernel.)

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo-X9Un+BFzKDI@public.gmane.org>
---
arch/i386/kernel/paravirt.c | 238 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
drivers/serial/8250.c | 3
include/asm-i386/processor.h | 1
include/linux/paravirt.h | 12 ++
init/main.c | 6 -
5 files changed, 257 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

Index: linux/arch/i386/kernel/paravirt.c
===================================================================
--- linux.orig/arch/i386/kernel/paravirt.c
+++ linux/arch/i386/kernel/paravirt.c
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
#include <linux/efi.h>
#include <linux/bcd.h>
#include <linux/start_kernel.h>
+#include <linux/kvm_para.h>

#include <asm/bug.h>
#include <asm/paravirt.h>
@@ -33,6 +34,9 @@
#include <asm/apic.h>
#include <asm/tlbflush.h>

+#include <asm/i8259.h>
+#include <io_ports.h>
+
/* nop stub */
static void native_nop(void)
{
@@ -683,3 +687,237 @@ struct paravirt_ops paravirt_ops = {
.irq_enable_sysexit = native_irq_enable_sysexit,
.iret = native_iret,
};
+
+/*
+ * KVM paravirtualization optimizations:
+ */
+int kvm_paravirt;
+
+/*
+ * No need for any "IO delay" on KVM:
+ */
+static void kvm_io_delay(void)
+{
+}
+
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct kvm_vcpu_para_state, para_state);
+
+static fastcall void kvm_write_cr3(unsigned long val)
+{
+ asm volatile("movl %0,%%cr3": :"r" (val));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Avoid the VM exit upon cr3 load by using the cached
+ * ->active_mm->pgd value:
+ */
+static void kvm_flush_tlb_user(void)
+{
+ kvm_write_cr3(__pa(current->active_mm->pgd));
+}
+
+static void kvm_flush_tlb_single(u32 addr)
+{
+ __native_flush_tlb_single(addr);
+}
+/*
+ * Disable global pages, do a flush, then enable global pages:
+ */
+static fastcall void kvm_flush_tlb_kernel(void)
+{
+ unsigned long orig_cr4 = read_cr4();
+
+ write_cr4(orig_cr4 & ~X86_CR4_PGE);
+ kvm_flush_tlb_user();
+ write_cr4(orig_cr4);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Simplified i8259A controller handling:
+ */
+static void mask_and_ack_kvm(unsigned int irq)
+{
+ unsigned int irqmask = 1 << irq;
+ unsigned long flags;
+
+ spin_lock_irqsave(&i8259A_lock, flags);
+ cached_irq_mask |= irqmask;
+
+ if (irq & 8) {
+ outb(cached_slave_mask, PIC_SLAVE_IMR);
+ outb(0x60+(irq&7),PIC_SLAVE_CMD);/* 'Specific EOI' to slave */
+ outb(0x60+PIC_CASCADE_IR,PIC_MASTER_CMD); /* 'Specific EOI' to master-IRQ2 */
+ } else {
+ outb(cached_master_mask, PIC_MASTER_IMR);
+ /* 'Specific EOI' to master: */
+ outb(0x60+irq, PIC_MASTER_CMD);
+ }
+ spin_unlock_irqrestore(&i8259A_lock, flags);
+}
+
+static void disable_kvm_irq(unsigned int irq)
+{
+ unsigned int mask = 1 << irq;
+ unsigned long flags;
+
+ spin_lock_irqsave(&i8259A_lock, flags);
+ cached_irq_mask |= mask;
+ if (irq & 8)
+ outb(cached_slave_mask, PIC_SLAVE_IMR);
+ else
+ outb(cached_master_mask, PIC_MASTER_IMR);
+ spin_unlock_irqrestore(&i8259A_lock, flags);
+}
+
+static void enable_kvm_irq(unsigned int irq)
+{
+ unsigned int mask = ~(1 << irq);
+ unsigned long flags;
+
+ spin_lock_irqsave(&i8259A_lock, flags);
+ cached_irq_mask &= mask;
+ if (irq & 8)
+ outb(cached_slave_mask, PIC_SLAVE_IMR);
+ else
+ outb(cached_master_mask, PIC_MASTER_IMR);
+ spin_unlock_irqrestore(&i8259A_lock, flags);
+}
+
+static struct irq_chip kvm_chip = {
+ .name = "XT-PIC",
+ .mask = disable_kvm_irq,
+ .disable = disable_kvm_irq,
+ .unmask = enable_kvm_irq,
+ .mask_ack = mask_and_ack_kvm,
+};
+
+static void __init kvm_init_IRQ(void)
+{
+ int i;
+
+ printk("init KVM IRQ controller\n");
+#ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
+ init_bsp_APIC();
+#endif
+ init_8259A(0);
+
+ for (i = 0; i < NR_IRQS; i++) {
+ irq_desc[i].status = IRQ_DISABLED;
+ irq_desc[i].action = NULL;
+ irq_desc[i].depth = 1;
+
+ if (i < 16) {
+ /*
+ * 16 old-style INTA-cycle interrupts:
+ */
+ set_irq_chip_and_handler_name(i, &kvm_chip,
+ handle_level_irq, "XT");
+ } else {
+ /*
+ * 'high' PCI IRQs filled in on demand
+ */
+ irq_desc[i].chip = &no_irq_chip;
+ }
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Cover the whole vector space, no vector can escape
+ * us. (some of these will be overridden and become
+ * 'special' SMP interrupts)
+ */
+ for (i = 0; i < (NR_VECTORS - FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR); i++) {
+ int vector = FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR + i;
+ if (i >= NR_IRQS)
+ break;
+ if (vector != SYSCALL_VECTOR)
+ set_intr_gate(vector, interrupt[i]);
+ }
+
+ /* setup after call gates are initialised (usually add in
+ * the architecture specific gates)
+ */
+ intr_init_hook();
+
+ irq_ctx_init(smp_processor_id());
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is the vm-syscall address - to be patched by the host to
+ * VMCALL (Intel) or VMMCALL (AMD), depending on the CPU model:
+ */
+asm (
+ " .globl hypercall_addr \n"
+ " .align 4 \n"
+ " hypercall_addr: \n"
+ " nop \n"
+ " nop \n"
+ " nop \n"
+ " ret \n"
+);
+
+extern unsigned char hypercall_addr[4];
+
+int kvm_guest_register_para(int cpu)
+{
+ struct kvm_vcpu_para_state *para_state = &per_cpu(para_state, cpu);
+
+ printk("kvm guest on VCPU#%d: trying to register para_state %p\n",
+ cpu, para_state);
+ /*
+ * Move a magic (and otherwise invalid) value to
+ * cr3, and thus signal to KVM that we are entering
+ * paravirtualized mode:
+ */
+ para_state->guest_version = KVM_PARA_API_VERSION;
+ para_state->host_version = -1;
+ para_state->size = sizeof(*para_state);
+ para_state->ret = 0;
+ para_state->hypercall_gpa = __pa(hypercall_addr);
+
+ if (wrmsr_safe(MSR_KVM_API_MAGIC, __pa(para_state), 0)) {
+ printk("KVM guest: WRMSR probe failed.\n");
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ printk("kvm guest: host returned %d\n", para_state->ret);
+ printk("kvm guest: host version: %d\n", para_state->host_version);
+ printk("kvm guest: syscall entry: %02x %02x %02x %02x\n",
+ hypercall_addr[0], hypercall_addr[1],
+ hypercall_addr[2], hypercall_addr[3]);
+ if (para_state->ret) {
+ printk("kvm guest: host refused registration.\n");
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int __init kvm_paravirt_setup(char *s)
+{
+ printk("KVM paravirtualization setup\n");
+ if (sscanf(s, "%u", &kvm_paravirt) <= 0)
+ return 1;
+ if (!kvm_paravirt)
+ return 1;
+
+ kvm_paravirt = kvm_guest_register_para(smp_processor_id());
+ if (!kvm_paravirt)
+ return 1;
+
+ printk("KVM paravirtualized: OK\n");
+
+ paravirt_ops.name = "KVM";
+ paravirt_ops.io_delay = kvm_io_delay;
+ paravirt_ops.init_IRQ = kvm_init_IRQ;
+ paravirt_ops.flush_tlb_user = kvm_flush_tlb_user;
+ paravirt_ops.flush_tlb_kernel = kvm_flush_tlb_kernel;
+ paravirt_ops.flush_tlb_single = kvm_flush_tlb_single;
+ paravirt_ops.write_cr3 = kvm_write_cr3;
+ paravirt_ops.paravirt_enabled = 1;
+
+ return 1;
+}
+__setup("kvm_paravirt=", kvm_paravirt_setup);
+
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(paravirt_ops);
+
Index: linux/drivers/serial/8250.c
===================================================================
--- linux.orig/drivers/serial/8250.c
+++ linux/drivers/serial/8250.c
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
#include <linux/ioport.h>
+#include <linux/paravirt.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/console.h>
#include <linux/sysrq.h>
@@ -1371,7 +1372,7 @@ static irqreturn_t serial8250_interrupt(

l = l->next;

- if (l == i->head && pass_counter++ > PASS_LIMIT) {
+ if (!paravirt_enabled() && l == i->head && pass_counter++ > PASS_LIMIT) {
/* If we hit this, we're dead. */
printk(KERN_ERR "serial8250: too much work for "
"irq%d\n", irq);
Index: linux/include/asm-i386/processor.h
===================================================================
--- linux.orig/include/asm-i386/processor.h
+++ linux/include/asm-i386/processor.h
@@ -547,7 +547,6 @@ static inline void rep_nop(void)
#ifdef CONFIG_PARAVIRT
#include <asm/paravirt.h>
#else
-#define paravirt_enabled() 0
#define __cpuid native_cpuid

static inline void load_esp0(struct tss_struct *tss, struct thread_struct *thread)
Index: linux/include/linux/paravirt.h
===================================================================
--- /dev/null
+++ linux/include/linux/paravirt.h
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#ifndef __LINUX_PARAVIRT_H
+#define __LINUX_PARAVIRT_H
+
+/*
+ * Paravirtualization support
+ */
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_PARAVIRT
+# define paravirt_enabled() 0
+#endif
+
+#endif
Index: linux/init/main.c
===================================================================
--- linux.orig/init/main.c
+++ linux/init/main.c
@@ -374,7 +374,11 @@ static void __init setup_per_cpu_areas(v
if (size < PERCPU_ENOUGH_ROOM)
size = PERCPU_ENOUGH_ROOM;
#endif
- ptr = alloc_bootmem(size * nr_possible_cpus);
+ /*
+ * Align them to page size - just in case someone aligns
+ * the per-CPU data to page that alignment should be preserved:
+ */
+ ptr = alloc_bootmem_pages(size * nr_possible_cpus);

for_each_possible_cpu(i) {
__per_cpu_offset[i] = ptr - __per_cpu_start;

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