[PATCH v1 1/8] vfio: Add VFIO_IOMMU_PASID_REQUEST(alloc/free)

Liu, Yi L
2020-03-22T12:27:01Z

From: Liu Yi L <yi.l.liu@intel.com>

For a long time, devices have only one DMA address space from platform
IOMMU's point of view. This is true for both bare metal and directed-
access in virtualization environment. Reason is the source ID of DMA in
PCIe are BDF (bus/dev/fnc ID), which results in only device granularity
DMA isolation. However, this is changing with the latest advancement in
I/O technology area. More and more platform vendors are utilizing the PCIe
PASID TLP prefix in DMA requests, thus to give devices with multiple DMA
address spaces as identified by their individual PASIDs. For example,
Shared Virtual Addressing (SVA, a.k.a Shared Virtual Memory) is able to
let device access multiple process virtual address space by binding the
virtual address space with a PASID. Wherein the PASID is allocated in
software and programmed to device per device specific manner. Devices
which support PASID capability are called PASID-capable devices. If such
devices are passed through to VMs, guest software are also able to bind
guest process virtual address space on such devices. Therefore, the guest
software could reuse the bare metal software programming model, which
means guest software will also allocate PASID and program it to device
directly. This is a dangerous situation since it has potential PASID
conflicts and unauthorized address space access. It would be safer to
let host intercept in the guest software's PASID allocation. Thus PASID
are managed system-wide.

This patch adds VFIO_IOMMU_PASID_REQUEST ioctl which aims to passdown
PASID allocation/free request from the virtual IOMMU. Additionally, such
requests are intended to be invoked by QEMU or other applications which
are running in userspace, it is necessary to have a mechanism to prevent
single application from abusing available PASIDs in system. With such
consideration, this patch tracks the VFIO PASID allocation per-VM. There
was a discussion to make quota to be per assigned devices. e.g. if a VM
has many assigned devices, then it should have more quota. However, it
is not sure how many PASIDs an assigned devices will use. e.g. it is
possible that a VM with multiples assigned devices but requests less
PASIDs. Therefore per-VM quota would be better.

This patch uses struct mm pointer as a per-VM token. We also considered
using task structure pointer and vfio_iommu structure pointer. However,
task structure is per-thread, which means it cannot achieve per-VM PASID
alloc tracking purpose. While for vfio_iommu structure, it is visible
only within vfio. Therefore, structure mm pointer is selected. This patch
adds a structure vfio_mm. A vfio_mm is created when the first vfio
container is opened by a VM. On the reverse order, vfio_mm is free when
the last vfio container is released. Each VM is assigned with a PASID
quota, so that it is not able to request PASID beyond its quota. This
patch adds a default quota of 1000. This quota could be tuned by
administrator. Making PASID quota tunable will be added in another patch
in this series.

Previous discussions:
https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/11209429/

Cc: Kevin Tian <kevin.tian@intel.com>
CC: Jacob Pan <jacob.jun.pan@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
Cc: Eric Auger <eric.auger@redhat.com>
Cc: Jean-Philippe Brucker <jean-philippe@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Liu Yi L <yi.l.liu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Yi Sun <yi.y.sun@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jacob Pan <jacob.jun.pan@linux.intel.com>
---
drivers/vfio/vfio.c | 130 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
drivers/vfio/vfio_iommu_type1.c | 104 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
include/linux/vfio.h | 20 +++++++
include/uapi/linux/vfio.h | 41 +++++++++++++
4 files changed, 295 insertions(+)

diff --git a/drivers/vfio/vfio.c b/drivers/vfio/vfio.c
index c848262..d13b483 100644
--- a/drivers/vfio/vfio.c
+++ b/drivers/vfio/vfio.c
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
#include <linux/vfio.h>
#include <linux/wait.h>
#include <linux/sched/signal.h>
+#include <linux/sched/mm.h>

#define DRIVER_VERSION "0.3"
#define DRIVER_AUTHOR "Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>"
@@ -46,6 +47,8 @@ static struct vfio {
struct mutex group_lock;
struct cdev group_cdev;
dev_t group_devt;
+ struct list_head vfio_mm_list;
+ struct mutex vfio_mm_lock;
wait_queue_head_t release_q;
} vfio;

@@ -2129,6 +2132,131 @@ int vfio_unregister_notifier(struct device *dev, enum vfio_notify_type type,
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vfio_unregister_notifier);

/**
+ * VFIO_MM objects - create, release, get, put, search
+ * Caller of the function should have held vfio.vfio_mm_lock.
+ */
+static struct vfio_mm *vfio_create_mm(struct mm_struct *mm)
+{
+ struct vfio_mm *vmm;
+ struct vfio_mm_token *token;
+ int ret = 0;
+
+ vmm = kzalloc(sizeof(*vmm), GFP_KERNEL);
+ if (!vmm)
+ return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+
+ /* Per mm IOASID set used for quota control and group operations */
+ ret = ioasid_alloc_set((struct ioasid_set *) mm,
+ VFIO_DEFAULT_PASID_QUOTA, &vmm->ioasid_sid);
+ if (ret) {
+ kfree(vmm);
+ return ERR_PTR(ret);
+ }
+
+ kref_init(&vmm->kref);
+ token = &vmm->token;
+ token->val = mm;
+ vmm->pasid_quota = VFIO_DEFAULT_PASID_QUOTA;
+ mutex_init(&vmm->pasid_lock);
+
+ list_add(&vmm->vfio_next, &vfio.vfio_mm_list);
+
+ return vmm;
+}
+
+static void vfio_mm_unlock_and_free(struct vfio_mm *vmm)
+{
+ /* destroy the ioasid set */
+ ioasid_free_set(vmm->ioasid_sid, true);
+ mutex_unlock(&vfio.vfio_mm_lock);
+ kfree(vmm);
+}
+
+/* called with vfio.vfio_mm_lock held */
+static void vfio_mm_release(struct kref *kref)
+{
+ struct vfio_mm *vmm = container_of(kref, struct vfio_mm, kref);
+
+ list_del(&vmm->vfio_next);
+ vfio_mm_unlock_and_free(vmm);
+}
+
+void vfio_mm_put(struct vfio_mm *vmm)
+{
+ kref_put_mutex(&vmm->kref, vfio_mm_release, &vfio.vfio_mm_lock);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(vfio_mm_put);
+
+/* Assume vfio_mm_lock or vfio_mm reference is held */
+static void vfio_mm_get(struct vfio_mm *vmm)
+{
+ kref_get(&vmm->kref);
+}
+
+struct vfio_mm *vfio_mm_get_from_task(struct task_struct *task)
+{
+ struct mm_struct *mm = get_task_mm(task);
+ struct vfio_mm *vmm;
+ unsigned long long val = (unsigned long long) mm;
+
+ mutex_lock(&vfio.vfio_mm_lock);
+ list_for_each_entry(vmm, &vfio.vfio_mm_list, vfio_next) {
+ if (vmm->token.val == val) {
+ vfio_mm_get(vmm);
+ goto out;
+ }
+ }
+
+ vmm = vfio_create_mm(mm);
+ if (IS_ERR(vmm))
+ vmm = NULL;
+out:
+ mutex_unlock(&vfio.vfio_mm_lock);
+ mmput(mm);
+ return vmm;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(vfio_mm_get_from_task);
+
+int vfio_mm_pasid_alloc(struct vfio_mm *vmm, int min, int max)
+{
+ ioasid_t pasid;
+ int ret = -ENOSPC;
+
+ mutex_lock(&vmm->pasid_lock);
+
+ pasid = ioasid_alloc(vmm->ioasid_sid, min, max, NULL);
+ if (pasid == INVALID_IOASID) {
+ ret = -ENOSPC;
+ goto out_unlock;
+ }
+
+ ret = pasid;
+out_unlock:
+ mutex_unlock(&vmm->pasid_lock);
+ return ret;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(vfio_mm_pasid_alloc);
+
+int vfio_mm_pasid_free(struct vfio_mm *vmm, ioasid_t pasid)
+{
+ void *pdata;
+ int ret = 0;
+
+ mutex_lock(&vmm->pasid_lock);
+ pdata = ioasid_find(vmm->ioasid_sid, pasid, NULL);
+ if (IS_ERR(pdata)) {
+ ret = PTR_ERR(pdata);
+ goto out_unlock;
+ }
+ ioasid_free(pasid);
+
+out_unlock:
+ mutex_unlock(&vmm->pasid_lock);
+ return ret;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(vfio_mm_pasid_free);
+
+/**
* Module/class support
*/
static char *vfio_devnode(struct device *dev, umode_t *mode)
@@ -2151,8 +2279,10 @@ static int __init vfio_init(void)
idr_init(&vfio.group_idr);
mutex_init(&vfio.group_lock);
mutex_init(&vfio.iommu_drivers_lock);
+ mutex_init(&vfio.vfio_mm_lock);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&vfio.group_list);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&vfio.iommu_drivers_list);
+ INIT_LIST_HEAD(&vfio.vfio_mm_list);
init_waitqueue_head(&vfio.release_q);

ret = misc_register(&vfio_dev);
diff --git a/drivers/vfio/vfio_iommu_type1.c b/drivers/vfio/vfio_iommu_type1.c
index a177bf2..331ceee 100644
--- a/drivers/vfio/vfio_iommu_type1.c
+++ b/drivers/vfio/vfio_iommu_type1.c
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ struct vfio_iommu {
unsigned int dma_avail;
bool v2;
bool nesting;
+ struct vfio_mm *vmm;
};

struct vfio_domain {
@@ -2018,6 +2019,7 @@ static void vfio_iommu_type1_detach_group(void *iommu_data,
static void *vfio_iommu_type1_open(unsigned long arg)
{
struct vfio_iommu *iommu;
+ struct vfio_mm *vmm = NULL;

iommu = kzalloc(sizeof(*iommu), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!iommu)
@@ -2043,6 +2045,10 @@ static void *vfio_iommu_type1_open(unsigned long arg)
iommu->dma_avail = dma_entry_limit;
mutex_init(&iommu->lock);
BLOCKING_INIT_NOTIFIER_HEAD(&iommu->notifier);
+ vmm = vfio_mm_get_from_task(current);
+ if (!vmm)
+ pr_err("Failed to get vfio_mm track\n");
+ iommu->vmm = vmm;

return iommu;
}
@@ -2084,6 +2090,8 @@ static void vfio_iommu_type1_release(void *iommu_data)
}

vfio_iommu_iova_free(&iommu->iova_list);
+ if (iommu->vmm)
+ vfio_mm_put(iommu->vmm);

kfree(iommu);
}
@@ -2172,6 +2180,55 @@ static int vfio_iommu_iova_build_caps(struct vfio_iommu *iommu,
return ret;
}

+static bool vfio_iommu_type1_pasid_req_valid(u32 flags)
+{
+ return !((flags & ~VFIO_PASID_REQUEST_MASK) ||
+ (flags & VFIO_IOMMU_PASID_ALLOC &&
+ flags & VFIO_IOMMU_PASID_FREE));
+}
+
+static int vfio_iommu_type1_pasid_alloc(struct vfio_iommu *iommu,
+ int min,
+ int max)
+{
+ struct vfio_mm *vmm = iommu->vmm;
+ int ret = 0;
+
+ mutex_lock(&iommu->lock);
+ if (!IS_IOMMU_CAP_DOMAIN_IN_CONTAINER(iommu)) {
+ ret = -EFAULT;
+ goto out_unlock;
+ }
+ if (vmm)
+ ret = vfio_mm_pasid_alloc(vmm, min, max);
+ else
+ ret = -EINVAL;
+out_unlock:
+ mutex_unlock(&iommu->lock);
+ return ret;
+}
+
+static int vfio_iommu_type1_pasid_free(struct vfio_iommu *iommu,
+ unsigned int pasid)
+{
+ struct vfio_mm *vmm = iommu->vmm;
+ int ret = 0;
+
+ mutex_lock(&iommu->lock);
+ if (!IS_IOMMU_CAP_DOMAIN_IN_CONTAINER(iommu)) {
+ ret = -EFAULT;
+ goto out_unlock;
+ }
+
+ if (vmm)
+ ret = vfio_mm_pasid_free(vmm, pasid);
+ else
+ ret = -EINVAL;
+out_unlock:
+ mutex_unlock(&iommu->lock);
+ return ret;
+}
+
static long vfio_iommu_type1_ioctl(void *iommu_data,
unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
@@ -2276,6 +2333,53 @@ static long vfio_iommu_type1_ioctl(void *iommu_data,

return copy_to_user((void __user *)arg, &unmap, minsz) ?
-EFAULT : 0;
+
+ } else if (cmd == VFIO_IOMMU_PASID_REQUEST) {
+ struct vfio_iommu_type1_pasid_request req;
+ unsigned long offset;
+
+ minsz = offsetofend(struct vfio_iommu_type1_pasid_request,
+ flags);
+
+ if (copy_from_user(&req, (void __user *)arg, minsz))
+ return -EFAULT;
+
+ if (req.argsz < minsz ||
+ !vfio_iommu_type1_pasid_req_valid(req.flags))
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ if (copy_from_user((void *)&req + minsz,
+ (void __user *)arg + minsz,
+ sizeof(req) - minsz))
+ return -EFAULT;
+
+ switch (req.flags & VFIO_PASID_REQUEST_MASK) {
+ case VFIO_IOMMU_PASID_ALLOC:
+ {
+ int ret = 0, result;
+
+ result = vfio_iommu_type1_pasid_alloc(iommu,
+ req.alloc_pasid.min,
+ req.alloc_pasid.max);
+ if (result > 0) {
+ offset = offsetof(
+ struct vfio_iommu_type1_pasid_request,
+ alloc_pasid.result);
+ ret = copy_to_user(
+ (void __user *) (arg + offset),
+ &result, sizeof(result));
+ } else {
+ pr_debug("%s: PASID alloc failed\n", __func__);
+ ret = -EFAULT;
+ }
+ return ret;
+ }
+ case VFIO_IOMMU_PASID_FREE:
+ return vfio_iommu_type1_pasid_free(iommu,
+ req.free_pasid);
+ default:
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
}

return -ENOTTY;
diff --git a/include/linux/vfio.h b/include/linux/vfio.h
index e42a711..75f9f7f1 100644
--- a/include/linux/vfio.h
+++ b/include/linux/vfio.h
@@ -89,6 +89,26 @@ extern int vfio_register_iommu_driver(const struct vfio_iommu_driver_ops *ops);
extern void vfio_unregister_iommu_driver(
const struct vfio_iommu_driver_ops *ops);

+#define VFIO_DEFAULT_PASID_QUOTA 1000
+struct vfio_mm_token {
+ unsigned long long val;
+};
+
+struct vfio_mm {
+ struct kref kref;
+ struct vfio_mm_token token;
+ int ioasid_sid;
+ /* protect @pasid_quota field and pasid allocation/free */
+ struct mutex pasid_lock;
+ int pasid_quota;
+ struct list_head vfio_next;
+};
+
+extern struct vfio_mm *vfio_mm_get_from_task(struct task_struct *task);
+extern void vfio_mm_put(struct vfio_mm *vmm);
+extern int vfio_mm_pasid_alloc(struct vfio_mm *vmm, int min, int max);
+extern int vfio_mm_pasid_free(struct vfio_mm *vmm, ioasid_t pasid);
+
/*
* External user API
*/
diff --git a/include/uapi/linux/vfio.h b/include/uapi/linux/vfio.h
index 9e843a1..298ac80 100644
--- a/include/uapi/linux/vfio.h
+++ b/include/uapi/linux/vfio.h
@@ -794,6 +794,47 @@ struct vfio_iommu_type1_dma_unmap {
#define VFIO_IOMMU_ENABLE _IO(VFIO_TYPE, VFIO_BASE + 15)
#define VFIO_IOMMU_DISABLE _IO(VFIO_TYPE, VFIO_BASE + 16)

+/*
+ * PASID (Process Address Space ID) is a PCIe concept which
+ * has been extended to support DMA isolation in fine-grain.
+ * With device assigned to user space (e.g. VMs), PASID alloc
+ * and free need to be system wide. This structure defines
+ * the info for pasid alloc/free between user space and kernel
+ * space.
+ *
+ * @flag=VFIO_IOMMU_PASID_ALLOC, refer to the @alloc_pasid
+ * @flag=VFIO_IOMMU_PASID_FREE, refer to @free_pasid
+ */
+struct vfio_iommu_type1_pasid_request {
+ __u32 argsz;
+#define VFIO_IOMMU_PASID_ALLOC (1 << 0)
+#define VFIO_IOMMU_PASID_FREE (1 << 1)
+ __u32 flags;
+ union {
+ struct {
+ __u32 min;
+ __u32 max;
+ __u32 result;
+ } alloc_pasid;
+ __u32 free_pasid;
+ };
+};
+
+#define VFIO_PASID_REQUEST_MASK (VFIO_IOMMU_PASID_ALLOC | \
+ VFIO_IOMMU_PASID_FREE)
+
+/**
+ * VFIO_IOMMU_PASID_REQUEST - _IOWR(VFIO_TYPE, VFIO_BASE + 22,
+ * struct vfio_iommu_type1_pasid_request)
+ *
+ * Availability of this feature depends on PASID support in the device,
+ * its bus, the underlying IOMMU and the CPU architecture. In VFIO, it
+ * is available after VFIO_SET_IOMMU.
+ *
+ * returns: 0 on success, -errno on failure.
+ */
+#define VFIO_IOMMU_PASID_REQUEST _IO(VFIO_TYPE, VFIO_BASE + 22)
+
/* -------- Additional API for SPAPR TCE (Server POWERPC) IOMMU -------- */

/*
--
2.7.4