[RFC PATCH v3 02/32] x86/traps: add a system interrupt table for system interrupt dispatch

Xin Li
2023-02-24T07:28:00Z

Upon receiving an external interrupt, KVM VMX reinjects it through
calling the interrupt handler in its IDT descriptor on the current
kernel stack, which essentially uses the IDT as an interrupt dispatch
table.

However the IDT is one of the lowest level critical data structures
between a x86 CPU and the Linux kernel, we should avoid using it
*directly* whenever possible, espeically in a software defined manner.

On x86, external interrupts are divided into the following groups
1) system interrupts
2) external device interrupts
With the IDT, system interrupts are dispatched through the IDT
directly, while external device interrupts are all routed to the
external interrupt dispatch function common_interrupt(), which
dispatches external device interrupts through a per-CPU external
interrupt dispatch table vector_irq.

To eliminate dispatching external interrupts through the IDT, add
a system interrupt handler table for dispatching a system interrupt
to its corresponding handler directly. Thus a software based dispatch
function will be:

void external_interrupt(struct pt_regs *regs, u8 vector)
{
if (is_system_interrupt(vector))
system_interrupt_handlers[vector_to_sysvec(vector)](regs);
else /* external device interrupt */
common_interrupt(regs, vector);
}

What's more, with the Intel FRED (Flexible Return and Event Delivery)
architecture, IDT, the hardware based event dispatch table, is gone,
and the Linux kernel needs to dispatch events to their handlers with
vector to handler mappings, the dispatch function external_interrupt()
is also needed.

Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin (Intel) <hpa@zytor.com>
Co-developed-by: Xin Li <xin3.li@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Xin Li <xin3.li@intel.com>
---
arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h | 64 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
arch/x86/include/asm/traps.h | 7 ++++
arch/x86/kernel/traps.c | 40 +++++++++++++++++++++
3 files changed, 100 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h
index 72184b0b2219..381bc2b8c1c2 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h
@@ -167,17 +167,22 @@ __visible noinstr void func(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code)

/**
* DECLARE_IDTENTRY_IRQ - Declare functions for device interrupt IDT entry
- * points (common/spurious)
+ * points (common/spurious) and their corresponding
+ * software based dispatch handlers in the non-noinstr
+ * text section
* @vector: Vector number (ignored for C)
* @func: Function name of the entry point
*
- * Maps to DECLARE_IDTENTRY_ERRORCODE()
+ * Maps to DECLARE_IDTENTRY_ERRORCODE(), plus a dispatch function prototype
*/
#define DECLARE_IDTENTRY_IRQ(vector, func) \
- DECLARE_IDTENTRY_ERRORCODE(vector, func)
+ DECLARE_IDTENTRY_ERRORCODE(vector, func); \
+ void dispatch_##func(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code)

/**
* DEFINE_IDTENTRY_IRQ - Emit code for device interrupt IDT entry points
+ * and their corresponding software based dispatch
+ * handlers in the non-noinstr text section
* @func: Function name of the entry point
*
* The vector number is pushed by the low level entry stub and handed
@@ -187,6 +192,9 @@ __visible noinstr void func(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code)
* irq_enter/exit_rcu() are invoked before the function body and the
* KVM L1D flush request is set. Stack switching to the interrupt stack
* has to be done in the function body if necessary.
+ *
+ * dispatch_func() is a software based dispatch handler in the non-noinstr
+ * text section.
*/
#define DEFINE_IDTENTRY_IRQ(func) \
static void __##func(struct pt_regs *regs, u32 vector); \
@@ -204,31 +212,48 @@ __visible noinstr void func(struct pt_regs *regs, \
irqentry_exit(regs, state); \
} \
\
+void dispatch_##func(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code) \
+{ \
+ u32 vector = (u32)(u8)error_code; \
+ \
+ kvm_set_cpu_l1tf_flush_l1d(); \
+ run_irq_on_irqstack_cond(__##func, regs, vector); \
+} \
+ \
static noinline void __##func(struct pt_regs *regs, u32 vector)

/**
* DECLARE_IDTENTRY_SYSVEC - Declare functions for system vector entry points
+ * and their corresponding software based dispatch
+ * handlers in the non-noinstr text section
* @vector: Vector number (ignored for C)
* @func: Function name of the entry point
*
- * Declares three functions:
+ * Declares four functions:
* - The ASM entry point: asm_##func
* - The XEN PV trap entry point: xen_##func (maybe unused)
* - The C handler called from the ASM entry point
+ * - The C handler used in the system interrupt handler table
*
- * Maps to DECLARE_IDTENTRY().
+ * Maps to DECLARE_IDTENTRY(), plus a dispatch table function prototype
*/
#define DECLARE_IDTENTRY_SYSVEC(vector, func) \
- DECLARE_IDTENTRY(vector, func)
+ DECLARE_IDTENTRY(vector, func); \
+ void dispatch_table_##func(struct pt_regs *regs)

/**
* DEFINE_IDTENTRY_SYSVEC - Emit code for system vector IDT entry points
+ * and their corresponding software based dispatch
+ * handlers in the non-noinstr text section
* @func: Function name of the entry point
*
* irqentry_enter/exit() and irq_enter/exit_rcu() are invoked before the
* function body. KVM L1D flush request is set.
*
- * Runs the function on the interrupt stack if the entry hit kernel mode
+ * Runs the function on the interrupt stack if the entry hit kernel mode.
+ *
+ * dispatch_table_func() is used in the system interrupt handler table for
+ * system interrupts dispatching.
*/
#define DEFINE_IDTENTRY_SYSVEC(func) \
static void __##func(struct pt_regs *regs); \
@@ -244,11 +269,19 @@ __visible noinstr void func(struct pt_regs *regs) \
irqentry_exit(regs, state); \
} \
\
+void dispatch_table_##func(struct pt_regs *regs) \
+{ \
+ kvm_set_cpu_l1tf_flush_l1d(); \
+ run_sysvec_on_irqstack_cond(__##func, regs); \
+} \
+ \
static noinline void __##func(struct pt_regs *regs)

/**
* DEFINE_IDTENTRY_SYSVEC_SIMPLE - Emit code for simple system vector IDT
- * entry points
+ * entry points and their corresponding
+ * software based dispatch handlers in
+ * the non-noinstr text section
* @func: Function name of the entry point
*
* Runs the function on the interrupted stack. No switch to IRQ stack and
@@ -256,6 +289,9 @@ static noinline void __##func(struct pt_regs *regs)
*
* Only use for 'empty' vectors like reschedule IPI and KVM posted
* interrupt vectors.
+ *
+ * dispatch_table_func() is used in the system interrupt handler table for
+ * system interrupts dispatching.
*/
#define DEFINE_IDTENTRY_SYSVEC_SIMPLE(func) \
static __always_inline void __##func(struct pt_regs *regs); \
@@ -273,6 +309,14 @@ __visible noinstr void func(struct pt_regs *regs) \
irqentry_exit(regs, state); \
} \
\
+void dispatch_table_##func(struct pt_regs *regs) \
+{ \
+ __irq_enter_raw(); \
+ kvm_set_cpu_l1tf_flush_l1d(); \
+ __##func (regs); \
+ __irq_exit_raw(); \
+} \
+ \
static __always_inline void __##func(struct pt_regs *regs)

/**
@@ -638,9 +682,7 @@ DECLARE_IDTENTRY(X86_TRAP_VE, exc_virtualization_exception);

/* Device interrupts common/spurious */
DECLARE_IDTENTRY_IRQ(X86_TRAP_OTHER, common_interrupt);
-#ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
DECLARE_IDTENTRY_IRQ(X86_TRAP_OTHER, spurious_interrupt);
-#endif

/* System vector entry points */
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
@@ -651,7 +693,7 @@ DECLARE_IDTENTRY_SYSVEC(X86_PLATFORM_IPI_VECTOR, sysvec_x86_platform_ipi);
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
-DECLARE_IDTENTRY(RESCHEDULE_VECTOR, sysvec_reschedule_ipi);
+DECLARE_IDTENTRY_SYSVEC(RESCHEDULE_VECTOR, sysvec_reschedule_ipi);
DECLARE_IDTENTRY_SYSVEC(IRQ_MOVE_CLEANUP_VECTOR, sysvec_irq_move_cleanup);
DECLARE_IDTENTRY_SYSVEC(REBOOT_VECTOR, sysvec_reboot);
DECLARE_IDTENTRY_SYSVEC(CALL_FUNCTION_SINGLE_VECTOR, sysvec_call_function_single);
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/traps.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/traps.h
index 47ecfff2c83d..28c8ba5fd81c 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/traps.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/traps.h
@@ -47,4 +47,11 @@ void __noreturn handle_stack_overflow(struct pt_regs *regs,
struct stack_info *info);
#endif

+/*
+ * How system interrupt handlers are called.
+ */
+#define DECLARE_SYSTEM_INTERRUPT_HANDLER(f) \
+ void f (struct pt_regs *regs)
+typedef DECLARE_SYSTEM_INTERRUPT_HANDLER((*system_interrupt_handler));
+
#endif /* _ASM_X86_TRAPS_H */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/traps.c b/arch/x86/kernel/traps.c
index d317dc3d06a3..e4bdebdf05dd 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/traps.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/traps.c
@@ -1451,6 +1451,46 @@ DEFINE_IDTENTRY_SW(iret_error)
}
#endif

+#define SYSV(x,y) [(x) - FIRST_SYSTEM_VECTOR] = y
+
+static system_interrupt_handler system_interrupt_handlers[NR_SYSTEM_VECTORS] = {
+#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
+ SYSV(RESCHEDULE_VECTOR, dispatch_table_sysvec_reschedule_ipi),
+ SYSV(CALL_FUNCTION_VECTOR, dispatch_table_sysvec_call_function),
+ SYSV(CALL_FUNCTION_SINGLE_VECTOR, dispatch_table_sysvec_call_function_single),
+ SYSV(REBOOT_VECTOR, dispatch_table_sysvec_reboot),
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_X86_THERMAL_VECTOR
+ SYSV(THERMAL_APIC_VECTOR, dispatch_table_sysvec_thermal),
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_X86_MCE_THRESHOLD
+ SYSV(THRESHOLD_APIC_VECTOR, dispatch_table_sysvec_threshold),
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_X86_MCE_AMD
+ SYSV(DEFERRED_ERROR_VECTOR, dispatch_table_sysvec_deferred_error),
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
+ SYSV(LOCAL_TIMER_VECTOR, dispatch_table_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt),
+ SYSV(X86_PLATFORM_IPI_VECTOR, dispatch_table_sysvec_x86_platform_ipi),
+# ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_KVM
+ SYSV(POSTED_INTR_VECTOR, dispatch_table_sysvec_kvm_posted_intr_ipi),
+ SYSV(POSTED_INTR_WAKEUP_VECTOR, dispatch_table_sysvec_kvm_posted_intr_wakeup_ipi),
+ SYSV(POSTED_INTR_NESTED_VECTOR, dispatch_table_sysvec_kvm_posted_intr_nested_ipi),
+# endif
+# ifdef CONFIG_IRQ_WORK
+ SYSV(IRQ_WORK_VECTOR, dispatch_table_sysvec_irq_work),
+# endif
+ SYSV(SPURIOUS_APIC_VECTOR, dispatch_table_sysvec_spurious_apic_interrupt),
+ SYSV(ERROR_APIC_VECTOR, dispatch_table_sysvec_error_interrupt),
+#endif
+};
+
+#undef SYSV
+
void __init trap_init(void)
{
/* Init cpu_entry_area before IST entries are set up */
--
2.34.1