[kvm-unit-tests PATCH v3 1/7] lib: Add pseudo random functions

Nina Schoetterl-Glausch
2024-06-20T14:17:16Z

Add functions for generating pseudo random 32 and 64 bit values.
The implementation uses SHA-256 and so the randomness should have good
quality.
Implement the necessary subset of SHA-256.
The PRNG algorithm is equivalent to the following python snippet:

def prng32(seed):
from hashlib import sha256
state = seed.to_bytes(8, byteorder="big")
while True:
state = sha256(state).digest()
for i in range(8):
yield int.from_bytes(state[i*4:(i+1)*4], byteorder="big")

Acked-by: Andrew Jones <andrew.jones@linux.dev>
Signed-off-by: Nina Schoetterl-Glausch <nsg@linux.ibm.com>
---

Notes:
Since a PRNG with better quality was asked for I decided to use SHA-256
because:
* it is a standard, commonly used algorithm
* high quality randomness is assured
* the implementation can be checked against the spec
* the implementation can be easily checked via comparison

I tested the implementation in the following way:

cat <<'EOF' > rand.py
#!/usr/bin/python3

def prng32(seed):
from hashlib import sha256
state = seed.to_bytes(8, byteorder="big")
while True:
state = sha256(state).digest()
for i in range(8):
yield int.from_bytes(state[i*4:(i+1)*4], byteorder="big")

r = prng32(0)
for i in range(100):
print(f"{next(r):08x}")

EOF

cat <<'EOF' > rand.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include "rand.h"

void main(void)
{
prng_state state = prng_init(0);
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
printf("%08x\n", prng32(&state));
}
}
EOF
cat <<'EOF' > libcflat.h
#define ARRAY_SIZE(_a) (sizeof(_a)/sizeof((_a)[0]))
EOF
chmod +x rand.py
ln -s lib/rand.c librand.c
gcc -Ilib librand.c rand.c
diff <(./a.out) <(./rand.py)

Makefile | 1 +
lib/rand.h | 21 +++++++
lib/rand.c | 177 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
3 files changed, 199 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 lib/rand.h
create mode 100644 lib/rand.c

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 5b7998b7..3d51cb72 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ cflatobjs := \
lib/printf.o \
lib/string.o \
lib/abort.o \
+ lib/rand.o \
lib/report.o \
lib/stack.o

diff --git a/lib/rand.h b/lib/rand.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cdce8bd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rand.h
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
+/*
+ * (pseudo) random functions
+ *
+ * Copyright IBM Corp. 2024
+ */
+#ifndef _RAND_H_
+#define _RAND_H_
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+/* Non cryptographically secure PRNG */
+typedef struct {
+ uint32_t hash[8];
+ uint8_t next_word;
+} prng_state;
+prng_state prng_init(uint64_t seed);
+uint32_t prng32(prng_state *state);
+uint64_t prng64(prng_state *state);
+
+#endif /* _RAND_H_ */
diff --git a/lib/rand.c b/lib/rand.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..583d2d9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rand.c
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
+/*
+ * (pseudo) random functions
+ * Currently uses SHA-256 to scramble the PRNG state.
+ *
+ * Copyright IBM Corp. 2024
+ */
+
+#include "libcflat.h"
+#include "rand.h"
+#include <string.h>
+
+/* Begin SHA-256 related definitions */
+
+#define INITAL_HASH { \
+ 0x6a09e667, \
+ 0xbb67ae85, \
+ 0x3c6ef372, \
+ 0xa54ff53a, \
+ 0x510e527f, \
+ 0x9b05688c, \
+ 0x1f83d9ab, \
+ 0x5be0cd19, \
+}
+
+static const uint32_t K[] = {
+ 0x428a2f98, 0x71374491, 0xb5c0fbcf, 0xe9b5dba5, 0x3956c25b, 0x59f111f1, 0x923f82a4, 0xab1c5ed5,
+ 0xd807aa98, 0x12835b01, 0x243185be, 0x550c7dc3, 0x72be5d74, 0x80deb1fe, 0x9bdc06a7, 0xc19bf174,
+ 0xe49b69c1, 0xefbe4786, 0x0fc19dc6, 0x240ca1cc, 0x2de92c6f, 0x4a7484aa, 0x5cb0a9dc, 0x76f988da,
+ 0x983e5152, 0xa831c66d, 0xb00327c8, 0xbf597fc7, 0xc6e00bf3, 0xd5a79147, 0x06ca6351, 0x14292967,
+ 0x27b70a85, 0x2e1b2138, 0x4d2c6dfc, 0x53380d13, 0x650a7354, 0x766a0abb, 0x81c2c92e, 0x92722c85,
+ 0xa2bfe8a1, 0xa81a664b, 0xc24b8b70, 0xc76c51a3, 0xd192e819, 0xd6990624, 0xf40e3585, 0x106aa070,
+ 0x19a4c116, 0x1e376c08, 0x2748774c, 0x34b0bcb5, 0x391c0cb3, 0x4ed8aa4a, 0x5b9cca4f, 0x682e6ff3,
+ 0x748f82ee, 0x78a5636f, 0x84c87814, 0x8cc70208, 0x90befffa, 0xa4506ceb, 0xbef9a3f7, 0xc67178f2,
+};
+
+static inline uint32_t ch(uint32_t x, uint32_t y, uint32_t z)
+{
+ return (x & y) ^ ((~x) & z);
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t maj(uint32_t x, uint32_t y, uint32_t z)
+{
+ return (x & y) ^ (x & z) ^ (y & z);
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t rot(uint32_t value, unsigned int count)
+{
+ return value >> count | value << (32 - count);
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t upper_sig0(uint32_t x)
+{
+ return rot(x, 2) ^ rot(x, 13) ^ rot(x, 22);
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t upper_sig1(uint32_t x)
+{
+ return rot(x, 6) ^ rot(x, 11) ^ rot(x, 25);
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t lower_sig0(uint32_t x)
+{
+ return rot(x, 7) ^ rot(x, 18) ^ (x >> 3);
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t lower_sig1(uint32_t x)
+{
+ return rot(x, 17) ^ rot(x, 19) ^ (x >> 10);
+}
+
+enum alphabet { A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, };
+
+static void sha256_chunk(const uint32_t (*chunk)[16], uint32_t (*hash)[8])
+{
+ uint32_t w[64];
+ uint32_t w_hash[8];
+
+ memcpy(w, chunk, sizeof(*chunk));
+
+ for (int i = 16; i < 64; i++)
+ w[i] = lower_sig1(w[i - 2]) + w[i - 7] + lower_sig0(w[i - 15]) + w[i - 16];
+
+ memcpy(w_hash, hash, sizeof(*hash));
+
+ for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++) {
+ uint32_t t1, t2;
+
+ t1 = w_hash[H] +
+ upper_sig1(w_hash[E]) +
+ ch(w_hash[E], w_hash[F], w_hash[G]) +
+ K[i] +
+ w[i];
+
+ t2 = upper_sig0(w_hash[A]) + maj(w_hash[A], w_hash[B], w_hash[C]);
+
+ w_hash[H] = w_hash[G];
+ w_hash[G] = w_hash[F];
+ w_hash[F] = w_hash[E];
+ w_hash[E] = w_hash[D] + t1;
+ w_hash[D] = w_hash[C];
+ w_hash[C] = w_hash[B];
+ w_hash[B] = w_hash[A];
+ w_hash[A] = t1 + t2;
+ }
+
+ for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
+ (*hash)[i] += w_hash[i];
+}
+
+/**
+ * sha256_hash - Calculate SHA-256 of input. Only a limited subset of inputs supported.
+ * @n: Number of words to hash, must be <= 13
+ * @input: Input data to hash
+ * @hash: Output hash as a word array, ordered such that the first word contains
+ * the first/leftmost bits of the 256 bit hash
+ *
+ * Calculate the SHA-256 hash of the input where the input must be a multiple of
+ * 4 bytes and at most 52 long. The input is used without any adjustment, so,
+ * should the caller want to hash bytes it needs to interpret the bytes in the
+ * ordering as defined by the specification, that is big endian.
+ * The same applies to interpreting the output array as bytes.
+ * The function computes the same as: printf "%08x" ${input[@]} | xxd -r -p | sha256sum .
+ */
+static void sha256_hash(unsigned int n, const uint32_t (*input)[n], uint32_t (*hash)[8])
+{
+ /*
+ * Pad according to SHA-2 specification.
+ * First set up length in bits.
+ */
+ uint32_t chunk[16] = {
+ [15] = sizeof(*input) * 8,
+ };
+
+ memcpy(chunk, input, sizeof(*input));
+ /* Then add separator */
+ chunk[n] = 1 << 31;
+ memcpy(hash, (uint32_t[])INITAL_HASH, sizeof(*hash));
+ sha256_chunk(&chunk, hash);
+}
+
+/* End SHA-256 related definitions */
+
+prng_state prng_init(uint64_t seed)
+{
+ prng_state state = { .next_word = 0 };
+ uint32_t seed_arr[2] = { seed >> 32, seed };
+
+ sha256_hash(ARRAY_SIZE(seed_arr), &seed_arr, &state.hash);
+ return state;
+}
+
+static void prng_scramble(prng_state *state)
+{
+ uint32_t input[8];
+
+ memcpy(input, state->hash, sizeof(state->hash));
+ sha256_hash(ARRAY_SIZE(input), &input, &state->hash);
+ state->next_word = 0;
+}
+
+uint32_t prng32(prng_state *state)
+{
+ if (state->next_word < ARRAY_SIZE(state->hash))
+ return state->hash[state->next_word++];
+
+ prng_scramble(state);
+ return prng32(state);
+}
+
+uint64_t prng64(prng_state *state)
+{
+ /* explicitly evaluate the high word first */
+ uint64_t high = prng32(state);
+
+ return high << 32 | prng32(state);
+}
--
2.44.0