Re: [PATCH v6 4/5] KVM: guest_memfd: Enforce NUMA mempolicy using shared policy

Ackerley Tng
2025-02-28T17:25:38Z

Shivank Garg <shivankg@amd.com> writes:

> Previously, guest-memfd allocations followed local NUMA node id in absence
> of process mempolicy, resulting in arbitrary memory allocation.
> Moreover, mbind() couldn't be used since memory wasn't mapped to userspace
> in the VMM.
>
> Enable NUMA policy support by implementing vm_ops for guest-memfd mmap
> operation. This allows the VMM to map the memory and use mbind() to set
> the desired NUMA policy. The policy is then retrieved via
> mpol_shared_policy_lookup() and passed to filemap_grab_folio_mpol() to
> ensure that allocations follow the specified memory policy.
>
> This enables the VMM to control guest memory NUMA placement by calling
> mbind() on the mapped memory regions, providing fine-grained control over
> guest memory allocation across NUMA nodes.
>
> The policy change only affect future allocations and does not migrate
> existing memory. This matches mbind(2)'s default behavior which affects
> only new allocations unless overridden with MPOL_MF_MOVE/MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL
> flags, which are not supported for guest_memfd as it is unmovable.
>
> Suggested-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
> Signed-off-by: Shivank Garg <shivankg@amd.com>
> ---
> virt/kvm/guest_memfd.c | 76 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
> 1 file changed, 75 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
>
> diff --git a/virt/kvm/guest_memfd.c b/virt/kvm/guest_memfd.c
> index f18176976ae3..b3a8819117a0 100644
> --- a/virt/kvm/guest_memfd.c
> +++ b/virt/kvm/guest_memfd.c
> @@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
> #include <linux/backing-dev.h>
> #include <linux/falloc.h>
> #include <linux/kvm_host.h>
> +#include <linux/mempolicy.h>
> #include <linux/pagemap.h>
> #include <linux/anon_inodes.h>
>
> @@ -11,8 +12,12 @@ struct kvm_gmem {
> struct kvm *kvm;
> struct xarray bindings;
> struct list_head entry;
> + struct shared_policy policy;
> };
>

struct shared_policy should be stored on the inode rather than the file,
since the memory policy is a property of the memory (struct inode),
rather than a property of how the memory is used for a given VM (struct
file).

When the shared_policy is stored on the inode, intra-host migration [1]
will work correctly, since the while the inode will be transferred from
one VM (struct kvm) to another, the file (a VM's view/bindings of the
memory) will be recreated for the new VM.

I'm thinking of having a patch like this [2] to introduce inodes.

With this, we shouldn't need to pass file pointers instead of inode
pointers.

> +static struct mempolicy *kvm_gmem_get_pgoff_policy(struct kvm_gmem *gmem,
> + pgoff_t index);
> +
> /**
> * folio_file_pfn - like folio_file_page, but return a pfn.
> * @folio: The folio which contains this index.
> @@ -99,7 +104,25 @@ static int kvm_gmem_prepare_folio(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_memory_slot *slot,
> static struct folio *kvm_gmem_get_folio(struct file *file, pgoff_t index)
> {
> /* TODO: Support huge pages. */
> - return filemap_grab_folio(file_inode(file)->i_mapping, index);
> + struct kvm_gmem *gmem = file->private_data;
> + struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
> + struct mempolicy *policy;
> + struct folio *folio;
> +
> + /*
> + * Fast-path: See if folio is already present in mapping to avoid
> + * policy_lookup.
> + */
> + folio = __filemap_get_folio(inode->i_mapping, index,
> + FGP_LOCK | FGP_ACCESSED, 0);
> + if (!IS_ERR(folio))
> + return folio;
> +
> + policy = kvm_gmem_get_pgoff_policy(gmem, index);
> + folio = filemap_grab_folio_mpol(inode->i_mapping, index, policy);
> + mpol_cond_put(policy);
> +
> + return folio;
> }
>
> static void kvm_gmem_invalidate_begin(struct kvm_gmem *gmem, pgoff_t start,
> @@ -291,6 +314,7 @@ static int kvm_gmem_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
> mutex_unlock(&kvm->slots_lock);
>
> xa_destroy(&gmem->bindings);
> + mpol_free_shared_policy(&gmem->policy);
> kfree(gmem);
>
> kvm_put_kvm(kvm);
> @@ -312,8 +336,57 @@ static pgoff_t kvm_gmem_get_index(struct kvm_memory_slot *slot, gfn_t gfn)
> {
> return gfn - slot->base_gfn + slot->gmem.pgoff;
> }
> +#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
> +static int kvm_gmem_set_policy(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct mempolicy *new)
> +{
> + struct file *file = vma->vm_file;
> + struct kvm_gmem *gmem = file->private_data;
> +
> + return mpol_set_shared_policy(&gmem->policy, vma, new);
> +}
> +
> +static struct mempolicy *kvm_gmem_get_policy(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
> + unsigned long addr, pgoff_t *pgoff)
> +{
> + struct file *file = vma->vm_file;
> + struct kvm_gmem *gmem = file->private_data;
> +
> + *pgoff = vma->vm_pgoff + ((addr - vma->vm_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
> + return mpol_shared_policy_lookup(&gmem->policy, *pgoff);
> +}
> +
> +static struct mempolicy *kvm_gmem_get_pgoff_policy(struct kvm_gmem *gmem,
> + pgoff_t index)
> +{
> + struct mempolicy *mpol;
> +
> + mpol = mpol_shared_policy_lookup(&gmem->policy, index);
> + return mpol ? mpol : get_task_policy(current);
> +}
> +#else
> +static struct mempolicy *kvm_gmem_get_pgoff_policy(struct kvm_gmem *gmem,
> + pgoff_t index)
> +{
> + return NULL;
> +}
> +#endif /* CONFIG_NUMA */
> +
> +static const struct vm_operations_struct kvm_gmem_vm_ops = {
> +#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
> + .get_policy = kvm_gmem_get_policy,
> + .set_policy = kvm_gmem_set_policy,
> +#endif
> +};
> +
> +static int kvm_gmem_mmap(struct file *file, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
> +{
> + file_accessed(file);
> + vma->vm_ops = &kvm_gmem_vm_ops;
> + return 0;
> +}
>
> static struct file_operations kvm_gmem_fops = {
> + .mmap = kvm_gmem_mmap,
> .open = generic_file_open,
> .release = kvm_gmem_release,
> .fallocate = kvm_gmem_fallocate,
> @@ -446,6 +519,7 @@ static int __kvm_gmem_create(struct kvm *kvm, loff_t size, u64 flags)
> kvm_get_kvm(kvm);
> gmem->kvm = kvm;
> xa_init(&gmem->bindings);
> + mpol_shared_policy_init(&gmem->policy, NULL);
> list_add(&gmem->entry, &inode->i_mapping->i_private_list);
>
> fd_install(fd, file);

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/cover.1691446946.git.ackerleytng@google.com/T/
[2] https://lore.kernel.org/all/d1940d466fc69472c8b6dda95df2e0522b2d8744.1726009989.git.ackerleytng@google.com/