From: David Matlack <dmatlack@google.com>
To: kvm@vger.kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org,
linux-kselftest@vger.kernel.org, stable@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Abhishek Sahu <abhsahu@nvidia.com>,
Alex Williamson <alex@shazbot.org>,
David Matlack <dmatlack@google.com>,
Raghavendra Rao Ananta <rananta@google.com>,
Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org>
Subject: [PATCH 1/5] vfio/pci: Hold memory_lock for all calls to vfio_pci_set_power_state()
Date: Thu, 29 Oct 2026 20:33:20 +0000 [thread overview]
Message-ID: <20261029203324.1637772-2-dmatlack@google.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20261029203324.1637772-1-dmatlack@google.com>
Hold vdev->memory_lock for write when calling vfio_pci_set_power_state()
from vfio_pci_core_disable() and vfio_pci_core_register_device(), and
assert that the lock is held for all power state transitions, not just
transitions out of D0.
vfio_pci_core_disable() calls vfio_pci_set_power_state(vdev, PCI_D0)
without holding memory_lock, which allows it to race with
vfio_pci_core_sriov_configure() when userspace writes to sriov_numvfs
while the device is being closed. If the user left the device in D3hot
via a config space write (which leaves the device RPM_ACTIVE, so
pm_runtime_resume() does not bring it back to D0), both threads can
transition the device from D3hot to D0 concurrently.
For devices that need_pm_restore (NoSoftRst-), this can result in:
- vfio_pci_core_disable() restoring the PF's BARs after
vfio_pci_core_sriov_configure() has enabled VFs, since the D3hot->D0
transition sleeps before restoring device state. This is easy to hit
and triggers the following warning:
vfio-pci 0000:01:00.0: can't update enabled VF BAR0 [mem 0xe0200000000-0xe020001ffff 64bit pref]
WARNING: drivers/pci/iov.c:1062 at pci_iov_update_resource+0x170/0x3b0
Call Trace:
pci_update_resource+0x1a3/0x5b0
__pci_set_power_state+0x597/0xb90
vfio_pci_core_disable+0x13b/0x1180
vfio_pci_core_close_device+0x144/0x260
vfio_df_close+0xf2/0x210
vfio_df_unbind_iommufd+0x89/0x140
vfio_device_fops_release+0x85/0xf0
__fput+0x2d6/0x720
fput_close_sync+0xe8/0x180
__x64_sys_close+0x7f/0xc0
do_syscall_64+0xbc/0x320
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e
- Both threads observing pdev->current_state >= PCI_D3hot and calling
pci_load_and_free_saved_state(pdev, &vdev->pm_save) concurrently,
resulting in a double-free of vdev->pm_save.
vfio_pci_core_register_device() cannot race with other callers since
the device is not yet registered and device_lock is held across probe,
but take the lock there as well so that the lockdep assertion can be
made unconditional and catch any future unlocked callers.
Taking memory_lock in these paths does not introduce any new lock
dependencies. vfio_pci_core_disable() already acquires memory_lock
under dev_set->lock via vfio_pci_runtime_pm_exit(), and
vfio_pci_core_sriov_configure() already acquires memory_lock under
device_lock.
Fixes: f4162eb1e2fc ("vfio/pci: Change the PF power state to D0 before enabling VFs")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: David Matlack <dmatlack@google.com>
---
drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_core.c | 17 ++++++++++++-----
1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)
diff --git a/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_core.c b/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_core.c
index fcbb2da860e2..95aee6b7cbb3 100644
--- a/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_core.c
+++ b/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_core.c
@@ -325,12 +325,15 @@ int vfio_pci_set_power_state(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev, pci_power_t stat
bool needs_restore = false, needs_save = false;
int ret;
+ /*
+ * Serialize power state changes and accesses to vdev->pm_save, and
+ * protect the check of vdev->sriov_active below.
+ */
+ lockdep_assert_held_write(&vdev->memory_lock);
+
/* Prevent changing power state for PFs with VFs enabled */
- if (state > PCI_D0) {
- lockdep_assert_held_write(&vdev->memory_lock);
- if (vdev->sriov_active)
- return -EBUSY;
- }
+ if (state > PCI_D0 && vdev->sriov_active)
+ return -EBUSY;
if (vdev->needs_pm_restore) {
if (pdev->current_state < PCI_D3hot && state >= PCI_D3hot) {
@@ -699,7 +702,9 @@ void vfio_pci_core_disable(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev)
* reset without restoring the original state (saved locally in
* 'vdev->pm_save').
*/
+ down_write(&vdev->memory_lock);
vfio_pci_set_power_state(vdev, PCI_D0);
+ up_write(&vdev->memory_lock);
/* Stop the device from further DMA */
pci_clear_master(pdev);
@@ -2273,7 +2278,9 @@ int vfio_pci_core_register_device(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev)
* be able to get to D3. Therefore first do a D0 transition
* before enabling runtime PM.
*/
+ down_write(&vdev->memory_lock);
vfio_pci_set_power_state(vdev, PCI_D0);
+ up_write(&vdev->memory_lock);
pm_runtime_allow(dev);
if (!vdev->disable_idle_d3)
--
2.56.0.317.g454f8302e1-goog
next prev parent reply other threads:[~2026-10-29 20:33 UTC|newest]
Thread overview: 6+ messages / expand[flat|nested] mbox.gz Atom feed top
2026-10-29 20:33 [PATCH 0/5] vfio/pci: Fix power state race with SR-IOV enablement David Matlack
2026-10-29 20:33 ` David Matlack [this message]
2026-10-29 20:33 ` [PATCH 2/5] vfio/pci: Annotate lockless accesses to vdev->sriov_active David Matlack
2026-10-29 20:33 ` [PATCH 3/5] vfio: selftests: Add vfio_pci_find_capability() David Matlack
2026-10-29 20:33 ` [PATCH 4/5] vfio: selftests: Add sysfs_kernel_warn_count_get() David Matlack
2026-10-29 20:33 ` [PATCH 5/5] vfio: selftests: Add test for device power state transitions David Matlack
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