Re: [PATCH v2 repost 4/7] virtio-balloon: speed up inflate/deflate process

Michael S. Tsirkin
2016-07-27T22:07:15Z

On Wed, Jul 27, 2016 at 09:23:33AM +0800, Liang Li wrote:
> The implementation of the current virtio-balloon is not very
> efficient, the time spends on different stages of inflating
> the balloon to 7GB of a 8GB idle guest:
>
> a. allocating pages (6.5%)
> b. sending PFNs to host (68.3%)
> c. address translation (6.1%)
> d. madvise (19%)
>
> It takes about 4126ms for the inflating process to complete.
> Debugging shows that the bottle neck are the stage b and stage d.
>
> If using a bitmap to send the page info instead of the PFNs, we
> can reduce the overhead in stage b quite a lot. Furthermore, we
> can do the address translation and call madvise() with a bulk of
> RAM pages, instead of the current page per page way, the overhead
> of stage c and stage d can also be reduced a lot.
>
> This patch is the kernel side implementation which is intended to
> speed up the inflating & deflating process by adding a new feature
> to the virtio-balloon device. With this new feature, inflating the
> balloon to 7GB of a 8GB idle guest only takes 590ms, the
> performance improvement is about 85%.
>
> TODO: optimize stage a by allocating/freeing a chunk of pages
> instead of a single page at a time.
>
> Signed-off-by: Liang Li <liang.z.li@intel.com>
> Suggested-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
> Cc: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
> Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
> Cc: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
> Cc: Amit Shah <amit.shah@redhat.com>
> ---
> drivers/virtio/virtio_balloon.c | 184 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----
> 1 file changed, 162 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/drivers/virtio/virtio_balloon.c b/drivers/virtio/virtio_balloon.c
> index 8d649a2..2d18ff6 100644
> --- a/drivers/virtio/virtio_balloon.c
> +++ b/drivers/virtio/virtio_balloon.c
> @@ -41,10 +41,28 @@
> #define OOM_VBALLOON_DEFAULT_PAGES 256
> #define VIRTBALLOON_OOM_NOTIFY_PRIORITY 80
>
> +/*
> + * VIRTIO_BALLOON_PFNS_LIMIT is used to limit the size of page bitmap
> + * to prevent a very large page bitmap, there are two reasons for this:
> + * 1) to save memory.
> + * 2) allocate a large bitmap may fail.
> + *
> + * The actual limit of pfn is determined by:
> + * pfn_limit = min(max_pfn, VIRTIO_BALLOON_PFNS_LIMIT);
> + *
> + * If system has more pages than VIRTIO_BALLOON_PFNS_LIMIT, we will scan
> + * the page list and send the PFNs with several times. To reduce the
> + * overhead of scanning the page list. VIRTIO_BALLOON_PFNS_LIMIT should
> + * be set with a value which can cover most cases.
> + */
> +#define VIRTIO_BALLOON_PFNS_LIMIT ((32 * (1ULL << 30)) >> PAGE_SHIFT) /* 32GB */
> +
> static int oom_pages = OOM_VBALLOON_DEFAULT_PAGES;
> module_param(oom_pages, int, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
> MODULE_PARM_DESC(oom_pages, "pages to free on OOM");
>
> +extern unsigned long get_max_pfn(void);
> +

Please just include the correct header. No need for this hackery.

> struct virtio_balloon {
> struct virtio_device *vdev;
> struct virtqueue *inflate_vq, *deflate_vq, *stats_vq;
> @@ -62,6 +80,15 @@ struct virtio_balloon {
>
> /* Number of balloon pages we've told the Host we're not using. */
> unsigned int num_pages;
> + /* Pointer of the bitmap header. */
> + void *bmap_hdr;
> + /* Bitmap and length used to tell the host the pages */
> + unsigned long *page_bitmap;
> + unsigned long bmap_len;
> + /* Pfn limit */
> + unsigned long pfn_limit;
> + /* Used to record the processed pfn range */
> + unsigned long min_pfn, max_pfn, start_pfn, end_pfn;
> /*
> * The pages we've told the Host we're not using are enqueued
> * at vb_dev_info->pages list.
> @@ -105,12 +132,45 @@ static void balloon_ack(struct virtqueue *vq)
> wake_up(&vb->acked);
> }
>
> +static inline void init_pfn_range(struct virtio_balloon *vb)
> +{
> + vb->min_pfn = ULONG_MAX;
> + vb->max_pfn = 0;
> +}
> +
> +static inline void update_pfn_range(struct virtio_balloon *vb,
> + struct page *page)
> +{
> + unsigned long balloon_pfn = page_to_balloon_pfn(page);
> +
> + if (balloon_pfn < vb->min_pfn)
> + vb->min_pfn = balloon_pfn;
> + if (balloon_pfn > vb->max_pfn)
> + vb->max_pfn = balloon_pfn;
> +}
> +
> static void tell_host(struct virtio_balloon *vb, struct virtqueue *vq)
> {
> struct scatterlist sg;
> unsigned int len;
>
> - sg_init_one(&sg, vb->pfns, sizeof(vb->pfns[0]) * vb->num_pfns);
> + if (virtio_has_feature(vb->vdev, VIRTIO_BALLOON_F_PAGE_BITMAP)) {
> + struct balloon_bmap_hdr *hdr = vb->bmap_hdr;
> + unsigned long bmap_len;
> +
> + /* cmd and req_id are not used here, set them to 0 */
> + hdr->cmd = cpu_to_virtio16(vb->vdev, 0);
> + hdr->page_shift = cpu_to_virtio16(vb->vdev, PAGE_SHIFT);
> + hdr->reserved = cpu_to_virtio16(vb->vdev, 0);
> + hdr->req_id = cpu_to_virtio64(vb->vdev, 0);
> + hdr->start_pfn = cpu_to_virtio64(vb->vdev, vb->start_pfn);
> + bmap_len = min(vb->bmap_len,
> + (vb->end_pfn - vb->start_pfn) / BITS_PER_BYTE);
> + hdr->bmap_len = cpu_to_virtio64(vb->vdev, bmap_len);
> + sg_init_one(&sg, hdr,
> + sizeof(struct balloon_bmap_hdr) + bmap_len);
> + } else
> + sg_init_one(&sg, vb->pfns, sizeof(vb->pfns[0]) * vb->num_pfns);
>
> /* We should always be able to add one buffer to an empty queue. */
> virtqueue_add_outbuf(vq, &sg, 1, vb, GFP_KERNEL);
> @@ -118,7 +178,6 @@ static void tell_host(struct virtio_balloon *vb, struct virtqueue *vq)
>
> /* When host has read buffer, this completes via balloon_ack */
> wait_event(vb->acked, virtqueue_get_buf(vq, &len));
> -
> }
>
> static void set_page_pfns(struct virtio_balloon *vb,
> @@ -133,13 +192,53 @@ static void set_page_pfns(struct virtio_balloon *vb,
> page_to_balloon_pfn(page) + i);
> }
>
> -static unsigned fill_balloon(struct virtio_balloon *vb, size_t num)
> +static void set_page_bitmap(struct virtio_balloon *vb,
> + struct list_head *pages, struct virtqueue *vq)
> +{
> + unsigned long pfn;
> + struct page *page;
> + bool found;
> +
> + vb->min_pfn = rounddown(vb->min_pfn, BITS_PER_LONG);
> + vb->max_pfn = roundup(vb->max_pfn, BITS_PER_LONG);
> + for (pfn = vb->min_pfn; pfn < vb->max_pfn;
> + pfn += vb->pfn_limit) {
> + vb->start_pfn = pfn + vb->pfn_limit;
> + vb->end_pfn = pfn;
> + memset(vb->page_bitmap, 0, vb->bmap_len);
> + found = false;
> + list_for_each_entry(page, pages, lru) {
> + unsigned long balloon_pfn = page_to_balloon_pfn(page);
> +
> + if (balloon_pfn < pfn ||
> + balloon_pfn >= pfn + vb->pfn_limit)
> + continue;
> + set_bit(balloon_pfn - pfn, vb->page_bitmap);
> + if (balloon_pfn > vb->end_pfn)
> + vb->end_pfn = balloon_pfn;
> + if (balloon_pfn < vb->start_pfn)
> + vb->start_pfn = balloon_pfn;
> + found = true;
> + }
> + if (found) {
> + vb->start_pfn = rounddown(vb->start_pfn, BITS_PER_LONG);
> + vb->end_pfn = roundup(vb->end_pfn, BITS_PER_LONG);
> + tell_host(vb, vq);
> + }
> + }
> +}
> +
> +static unsigned int fill_balloon(struct virtio_balloon *vb, size_t num,
> + bool use_bmap)
> {
> struct balloon_dev_info *vb_dev_info = &vb->vb_dev_info;
> - unsigned num_allocated_pages;
> + unsigned int num_allocated_pages;
>
> - /* We can only do one array worth at a time. */
> - num = min(num, ARRAY_SIZE(vb->pfns));
> + if (use_bmap)
> + init_pfn_range(vb);
> + else
> + /* We can only do one array worth at a time. */
> + num = min(num, ARRAY_SIZE(vb->pfns));
>
> mutex_lock(&vb->balloon_lock);
> for (vb->num_pfns = 0; vb->num_pfns < num;
> @@ -154,7 +253,10 @@ static unsigned fill_balloon(struct virtio_balloon *vb, size_t num)
> msleep(200);
> break;
> }
> - set_page_pfns(vb, vb->pfns + vb->num_pfns, page);
> + if (use_bmap)
> + update_pfn_range(vb, page);
> + else
> + set_page_pfns(vb, vb->pfns + vb->num_pfns, page);
> vb->num_pages += VIRTIO_BALLOON_PAGES_PER_PAGE;
> if (!virtio_has_feature(vb->vdev,
> VIRTIO_BALLOON_F_DEFLATE_ON_OOM))
> @@ -163,8 +265,13 @@ static unsigned fill_balloon(struct virtio_balloon *vb, size_t num)
>
> num_allocated_pages = vb->num_pfns;
> /* Did we get any? */
> - if (vb->num_pfns != 0)
> - tell_host(vb, vb->inflate_vq);
> + if (vb->num_pfns != 0) {
> + if (use_bmap)
> + set_page_bitmap(vb, &vb_dev_info->pages,
> + vb->inflate_vq);
> + else
> + tell_host(vb, vb->inflate_vq);
> + }
> mutex_unlock(&vb->balloon_lock);
>
> return num_allocated_pages;
> @@ -184,15 +291,19 @@ static void release_pages_balloon(struct virtio_balloon *vb,
> }
> }
>
> -static unsigned leak_balloon(struct virtio_balloon *vb, size_t num)
> +static unsigned int leak_balloon(struct virtio_balloon *vb, size_t num,
> + bool use_bmap)
> {
> - unsigned num_freed_pages;
> + unsigned int num_freed_pages;
> struct page *page;
> struct balloon_dev_info *vb_dev_info = &vb->vb_dev_info;
> LIST_HEAD(pages);
>
> - /* We can only do one array worth at a time. */
> - num = min(num, ARRAY_SIZE(vb->pfns));
> + if (use_bmap)
> + init_pfn_range(vb);
> + else
> + /* We can only do one array worth at a time. */
> + num = min(num, ARRAY_SIZE(vb->pfns));
>
> mutex_lock(&vb->balloon_lock);
> for (vb->num_pfns = 0; vb->num_pfns < num;
> @@ -200,7 +311,10 @@ static unsigned leak_balloon(struct virtio_balloon *vb, size_t num)
> page = balloon_page_dequeue(vb_dev_info);
> if (!page)
> break;
> - set_page_pfns(vb, vb->pfns + vb->num_pfns, page);
> + if (use_bmap)
> + update_pfn_range(vb, page);
> + else
> + set_page_pfns(vb, vb->pfns + vb->num_pfns, page);
> list_add(&page->lru, &pages);
> vb->num_pages -= VIRTIO_BALLOON_PAGES_PER_PAGE;
> }
> @@ -211,9 +325,14 @@ static unsigned leak_balloon(struct virtio_balloon *vb, size_t num)
> * virtio_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_BALLOON_F_MUST_TELL_HOST);
> * is true, we *have* to do it in this order
> */
> - if (vb->num_pfns != 0)
> - tell_host(vb, vb->deflate_vq);
> - release_pages_balloon(vb, &pages);
> + if (vb->num_pfns != 0) {
> + if (use_bmap)
> + set_page_bitmap(vb, &pages, vb->deflate_vq);
> + else
> + tell_host(vb, vb->deflate_vq);
> +
> + release_pages_balloon(vb, &pages);
> + }
> mutex_unlock(&vb->balloon_lock);
> return num_freed_pages;
> }
> @@ -347,13 +466,15 @@ static int virtballoon_oom_notify(struct notifier_block *self,
> struct virtio_balloon *vb;
> unsigned long *freed;
> unsigned num_freed_pages;
> + bool use_bmap;
>
> vb = container_of(self, struct virtio_balloon, nb);
> if (!virtio_has_feature(vb->vdev, VIRTIO_BALLOON_F_DEFLATE_ON_OOM))
> return NOTIFY_OK;
>
> freed = parm;
> - num_freed_pages = leak_balloon(vb, oom_pages);
> + use_bmap = virtio_has_feature(vb->vdev, VIRTIO_BALLOON_F_PAGE_BITMAP);
> + num_freed_pages = leak_balloon(vb, oom_pages, use_bmap);
> update_balloon_size(vb);
> *freed += num_freed_pages;
>
> @@ -373,15 +494,17 @@ static void update_balloon_size_func(struct work_struct *work)
> {
> struct virtio_balloon *vb;
> s64 diff;
> + bool use_bmap;
>
> vb = container_of(work, struct virtio_balloon,
> update_balloon_size_work);
> + use_bmap = virtio_has_feature(vb->vdev, VIRTIO_BALLOON_F_PAGE_BITMAP);
> diff = towards_target(vb);
>
> if (diff > 0)
> - diff -= fill_balloon(vb, diff);
> + diff -= fill_balloon(vb, diff, use_bmap);
> else if (diff < 0)
> - diff += leak_balloon(vb, -diff);
> + diff += leak_balloon(vb, -diff, use_bmap);
> update_balloon_size(vb);
>
> if (diff)
> @@ -489,7 +612,7 @@ static int virtballoon_migratepage(struct balloon_dev_info *vb_dev_info,
> static int virtballoon_probe(struct virtio_device *vdev)
> {
> struct virtio_balloon *vb;
> - int err;
> + int err, hdr_len;
>
> if (!vdev->config->get) {
> dev_err(&vdev->dev, "%s failure: config access disabled\n",
> @@ -508,6 +631,18 @@ static int virtballoon_probe(struct virtio_device *vdev)
> spin_lock_init(&vb->stop_update_lock);
> vb->stop_update = false;
> vb->num_pages = 0;
> + vb->pfn_limit = VIRTIO_BALLOON_PFNS_LIMIT;
> + vb->pfn_limit = min(vb->pfn_limit, get_max_pfn());
> + vb->bmap_len = ALIGN(vb->pfn_limit, BITS_PER_LONG) /
> + BITS_PER_BYTE + 2 * sizeof(unsigned long);
> + hdr_len = sizeof(struct balloon_bmap_hdr);
> + vb->bmap_hdr = kzalloc(hdr_len + vb->bmap_len, GFP_KERNEL);
> +
> + /* Clear the feature bit if memory allocation fails */
> + if (!vb->bmap_hdr)
> + __virtio_clear_bit(vdev, VIRTIO_BALLOON_F_PAGE_BITMAP);
> + else
> + vb->page_bitmap = vb->bmap_hdr + hdr_len;
> mutex_init(&vb->balloon_lock);
> init_waitqueue_head(&vb->acked);
> vb->vdev = vdev;
> @@ -541,9 +676,12 @@ out:
>
> static void remove_common(struct virtio_balloon *vb)
> {
> + bool use_bmap;
> +
> + use_bmap = virtio_has_feature(vb->vdev, VIRTIO_BALLOON_F_PAGE_BITMAP);
> /* There might be pages left in the balloon: free them. */
> while (vb->num_pages)
> - leak_balloon(vb, vb->num_pages);
> + leak_balloon(vb, vb->num_pages, use_bmap);
> update_balloon_size(vb);
>
> /* Now we reset the device so we can clean up the queues. */
> @@ -565,6 +703,7 @@ static void virtballoon_remove(struct virtio_device *vdev)
> cancel_work_sync(&vb->update_balloon_stats_work);
>
> remove_common(vb);
> + kfree(vb->page_bitmap);
> kfree(vb);
> }
>
> @@ -603,6 +742,7 @@ static unsigned int features[] = {
> VIRTIO_BALLOON_F_MUST_TELL_HOST,
> VIRTIO_BALLOON_F_STATS_VQ,
> VIRTIO_BALLOON_F_DEFLATE_ON_OOM,
> + VIRTIO_BALLOON_F_PAGE_BITMAP,
> };
>
> static struct virtio_driver virtio_balloon_driver = {
> --
> 1.9.1